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Convertible Senior Notes | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2019
Convertible Senior Notes | 8. Convertible Senior Notes 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 On July 19, 2019, the Company issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (“2019 Notes”), which includes the underwriters’ exercise in full of an option to purchase an additional $37.5 million aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes (the “Notes Offering”). The net proceeds of the Notes Offering, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other related offering expenses payable by the Company, were approximately $278.6 million. The 2019 Notes are senior, unsecured obligations of the Company, and bear interest at a rate of 0.375% per year. Interest is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 15 and July 15 of each year, beginning on January 15, 2020. The 2019 Notes will mature on July 15, 2024, unless earlier repurchased or converted in accordance with their terms . The initial conversion rate for the 2019 Notes is 8.6749 shares of the Company’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of 2019 Notes (which is equivalent to an initial conversion price of approximately $115.28 per share). Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding April 15, 2024, the 2019 Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders of 2019 Notes only upon the satisfaction of specified conditions and during certain periods. Thereafter until the close of business on the second scheduled trading day immediately preceding the maturity date, the 2019 Notes will be convertible at the options of the holders of 2019 Notes at any time regardless of these conditions. Conversion of the 2019 Notes will be settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. The 2019 Notes are not redeemable by the Company prior to maturity. Holders of 2019 Notes may require the Company to repurchase their 2019 Notes upon the occurrence of a fundamental change prior to maturity at a re purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the date of repurchase. In connection with certain corporate events, the Company will, under certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for holders of 2019 Notes who elect to convert their 2019 Notes in connection with such corporate events. As of September 30, 2019, the conditions allowing holders of the 2019 Notes to convert have not been met and therefore the 2019 Notes are not yet convertible and are recorded as a long-term liability in our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019. We account for the 2019 Notes as separate liability and equity components. We determined the carrying amount of the liability component as the present value of its cash flows using a discount rate of 4.5% based on comparative convertible transactions for similar companies. The proceeds allocated to the debt conversion feature w ere $52.1 million . This amount was calculated by deducting the carrying value of the liability component from the principal amount of the 2019 Notes as a whole. The difference represents a debt discount that is amortized to interest expense on our consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) over the term of the 2019 Notes using the effective interest rate method. The Company will assess the equity classification of the cash conversion feature quarterly, and it is not re-measured as long as it continues to meet the conditions for equity classification. We allocate transaction costs related to the issuance of the 2019 Notes to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the 2019 Notes. Transaction costs related to the liability component were $7.3 million and are being amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the 2019 Notes. Transaction costs attributable to the equity component were $1.6 million and are netted with the equity component of the 2019 Notes in stockholders’ equity of our consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019. The net carrying value of the liability component of the 2019 Notes is as follows (amounts in thousands, except percentages):
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2019 |
0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due July 15, 2024 |  | $ | 287,500 |
Less: u namortized debt discount |  |  | (50,247 | )
Less: u namortized debt issuance costs |  |  | (7,071 | )
Total debt |  |  | 230,182 |
Less: c urrent portion |  |  | — |
Net carrying amount |  | $ | 230,182 |
The net carrying value of the equity component of the 2019 Notes is as follows (amounts in thousands, except percentages):
|  | September 30, |
|  | 2019 |
Proceeds allocated to the conversion feature |  | $ | 52,062 |
Less: transaction costs allocated to the conversion feature |  |  | (1,621 | )
Less: deferred taxes |  |  | ( 12,353 | )
Net carrying value |  | $ | 38,088 |
Interest expense recognized on the 2019 Notes for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $0.2 million, $1.8 million and $0.3 million for the contractual coupon interest, the accretion of the debt discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs, respectively. The effective interest rate on the 2019 Notes is 5.1%, which included the interest on the 2019 Notes, amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs. As of September 30, 2019, the carrying value of the 2019 Notes was $230.2 million and the fair value of the principal was $287.9 million. The fair value of the 2019 Notes was determined based on the most recent trade activity of the 201 9 Notes as of September 30, 2019. Conversion of the 2.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 The Company utilized a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the 2019 Notes to settle its outstanding 2.125% Convertible Senior Notes due 2021 (the “2016 Notes”) during the third quarter of 2019. On July 16, 2019, the Company entered into separate privately negotiated agreements with certain holders of the 2016 Notes to exchange an aggregate of $92.0 million principal aggregate amount of the 2016 Notes for shares of the Company’s common stock, together with cash, in private placement transactions (the “Note Exchanges”). On July 19, 2019 and July 22, 2019, the Company used approximately $92.3 million (including $0.3 million of accrued interest) and 1,850,155 shares of its common stock valued at $161.0 million to settle the Note Exchanges for total consideration of $253.3 million, of which $163.6 million was allocated to reacquiring the equity component of the 2016 Notes. The Company allocated the consideration transferred to the liability and equity components using the same proportions as the initial carrying value of the 2016 Notes. The transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $4.5 million in the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss) for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. On July 19, 2019, the Company issued a Notice of Redemption in respect of the 2016 Notes, which provided that, on September 23, 2019, the Company would redeem all 2016 Notes that had not been converted, repurchased or exchanged prior to such date at a redemption price in cash equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof plus accrued and unpaid interest. On September 23, 2019, the Company used $23.0 million and 466,045 shares of its common stock valued at $37.8 million to settle the remaining 2016 Notes for a total of $60.8 million, of which $38.3 million was allocated to reacquiring the equity component of the 2016 Notes. This transaction resulted in a loss on extinguishment of debt of $1.1 million recorded on the Company’s consolidated statement of comprehensive income (loss). The total loss for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 of $5.6 million represents the difference between the fair value of the liability component of the 2016 Notes and its related carrying value immediately before the exchange. The fair value of the liability component was calculated using a discounted cash flow technique with an effective interest rate of 3.9%, representing the estimated nonconvertible debt borrowing rate with a maturity as of the measurement date consistent with the 2016 Notes maturity date of June 1, 2021. In addition, in accordance with this guidance, a portion of the fair value of the consideration transferred is allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component, which is the difference between the fair value of the consideration transferred and the fair value of the liability component immediately before the exchange. As a result, $200.1 million was allocated to the reacquisition of the equity component of the original instrument, which is recorded net of deferred taxes within additional paid-in capital on our consolidated balance sheet. The cash conversion feature of the 2016 Notes required bifurcation from the 2016 Notes and was initially accounted for as an equity instrument classified to stockholders’ equity, as the conversion feature was determined to be clearly and closely related to the Company’s stock. Based on market data available for publicly traded, senior, unsecured corporate bonds issued by companies in the same industry and asset base and with similar maturity, the Company estimated the implied interest rate, assuming no conversion option. Assumptions used in the estimate represent what market participants would use in pricing the liability component, including market interest rates, credit standing, and yield curves, all of which are defined as Level 2 observable inputs. The estimated implied interest rate was applied to the 2016 Notes, which resulted in a fair value of the liability component of $96.3 million upon issuance, calculated as the present value of implied future payments based on the $115 million aggregate principal amount. The equity component of the 2016 Notes was recognized as a debt discount, recorded in additional paid-in capital, and represents the difference between the aggregate principal of the 2016 Notes and the fair value of the 2016 Notes without conversion option on their issuance date. The debt discount was amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over five years, or the life of the 2016 Notes. Interest expense recognized on the 2016 Notes for the three months ended September 30, 2019 prior to conversion was $0.1 million, $0.5 million and $0.1 million for the contractual coupon interest, the accretion of the debt discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs, respectively. Interest expense recognized on the 2016 Notes for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was $1.3 million, $2.4 million and $0.4 million for the contractual coupon interest, the accretion of the debt discount and the amortization of the debt issuance costs, respectively. The effective interest rate on the 2016 Notes was 6.6%, which included the interest on the 2016 Notes, amortization of the debt discount and debt issuance costs.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for long-term debt. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 470 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2208564 + Details
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