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Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | 2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates and assumptions by management affect the Company’s revenue recognition for multiple element arrangements, allowance for credit losses, the net realizable value of inventory, valuations and purchase price allocations related to business combinations, contingent consideration, estimated fair values of intangible assets and goodwill, amortization methods and periods, warranty reserves, certain accrued expenses, estimates related to the fair value of the conversion features of the convertible notes for purposes of assessing whether debt extinguishment or modification accounting applies to the Company’s debt exchange, stock-based compensation, tax reserves and recoverability of the Company’s net deferred tax assets and related valuation allowance. Although the Company regularly assesses these estimates, actual results could differ materially from these estimates. Changes in estimates are recorded in the period in which they become known. The Company bases its estimates on historical experience and various other assumptions that it believes to be reasonable under the circumstances. Basis of Presentation The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and its wholly-owned subsidiaries. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. Certain prior year balances have changed to reflect current year presentation. Foreign Currency The Company translates the assets and liabilities of its foreign subsidiary at rates in effect at the end of the reporting period. Revenues and expenses are translated at average rates in effect during the reporting period. Translation adjustments include adjustments related to the Company’s various intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries. Intercompany loans determined to be permanent are remeasured at each period end and included in accumulated other comprehensive loss on the consolidated balance sheets. Intercompany loans with foreign subsidiaries determined to be repayable are remeasured at each period end and included in other income (expenses) on the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Revenue Recognition The Company generates revenue from the sale of bioprocessing products, equipment devices, and related consumables used with these equipment devices to customers in the life sciences and biopharmaceutical industries. Under Accounting Standard Codification No. (“ASC”) 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” revenue is recognized when, or as, obligations under the terms of a contract are satisfied, which occurs when control of the promised products or services is transferred to customers. Revenue is measured as the amount of consideration the Company expects to receive in exchange for transferring products or services to a customer (“transaction price”). To the extent the transaction price includes variable consideration, the Company estimates the amount of variable consideration that should be included in the transaction price utilizing the expected value method or the most likely amount method, depending on the facts and circumstances relative to the contract. Variable consideration is included in the transaction price if, in the Company’s judgment, it is probable that a significant future reversal of cumulative revenue under the contract will not occur. Estimates of variable consideration and determination of whether to include estimated amounts in the transaction price are based largely on an assessment of the Company’s anticipated performance and all information (historical, current and forecasted) that is reasonably available. Sales, value add, and other taxes collected on behalf of third parties are excluded from revenue. When determining the transaction price of a contract, an adjustment is made if payment from a customer occurs either significantly before or significantly after performance, resulting in a significant financing component. Applying the practical expedient in paragraph 606-10-32-18, the Company does not assess whether a significant financing component exists if the period between when the Company performs its obligations under the contract and when the customer pays is one year or less. None of the Company’s contracts contained a significant financing component as of December 31, 2023. Contracts with customers may contain multiple performance obligations. For such arrangements, the transaction price is allocated to each performance obligation based on the estimated relative standalone selling prices of the promised products or services underlying each performance obligation. The Company determines standalone selling prices based on the price at which the performance obligation is sold separately. If the standalone selling price is not observable through past transactions, the Company estimates the standalone selling price taking into account available information such as market conditions and internally approved pricing guidelines related to the performance obligations. The Company recognizes product revenue under the terms of each customer agreement upon transfer of control to the customer, which occurs at a point in time. Shipping and handling fees are recorded as a component of product revenue, with the associated costs recorded as a component of cost of product revenue. Risks and Uncertainties The Company evaluates its operations periodically to determine if any risks and uncertainties exist that could impact its operations in the near term. The Company does not believe that there are any significant risks that have not already been disclosed in the consolidated financial statements. A loss of certain suppliers could temporarily disrupt operations, although alternate sources of supply exist for these items. The Company has mitigated these risks by working closely with key suppliers, identifying alternate sources and developing contingency plans. Cash, Cash Equivalents and Restricted Cash Cash and cash equivalents include cash on hand and on deposit. Highly liquid investments in money market mutual funds with an original maturity of three months or less are classified as cash equivalents. All cash equivalents are carried at cost, which approximates fair value. Restricted cash represents cash that is restricted as to withdrawal or usage. There was no restriction on the Company’s cash balance as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash total as presented in the Company’s consolidated statements of cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $751.3 million, $523.5 million and $603.8 million, respectively. Investment Securities We classify our investment securities in one of three categories: held to maturity, trading, or available for sale. Our investment portfolio at December 31, 2022 consisted of an investment in U.S. treasury bills classified as held to maturity which was included in the Company's consolidated balance sheets under marketable securities held to maturity. These marketable securities matured in June 2023 and there are no comparable investments as of December 31, 2023. Securities that we have the positive intent and ability to hold to maturity are classified as held to maturity and stated at amortized cost in the consolidated balance sheets. Management determines the appropriate classification of securities at the time of purchase based upon management's intent with regards to such investment and reevaluates such designation as of each balance sheet date. The Company's investment policy requires that it only invest in high-rated securities and limit its exposure to any single-user. There were no realized or unrealized gains or losses on investments recorded as of December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company classifies marketable securities as short-term when they have remaining contractual maturities of one year or less from the balance sheet date. The Company periodically assesses its marketable securities, if any, for impairment or credit losses. Fair Value Measurement In determining the fair value of its assets and liabilities, the Company uses various valuation approaches. The Company employs a hierarchy for inputs used in measuring fair value that maximizes the use of observable inputs and minimizes the use of unobservable inputs by requiring that observable inputs be used when available. Observable inputs are inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability based on market data obtained from sources independent of the Company. Unobservable inputs are inputs that reflect the Company’s assumptions about the inputs that market participants would use in pricing the asset or liability and are developed based on the best information available in the circumstances. The fair value hierarchy is broken down into three levels based on the source of inputs as follows:
Level 1 – | Valuations based on unadjusted quoted prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the Company has the ability to access.
Level 2 – | Valuations based on quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets, quoted prices for identical or similar assets or liabilities.
Level 3 – | Valuations based on inputs that are unobservable and significant to the overall fair value measurement.
The availability of observable inputs can vary among the various types of financial assets and liabilities. To the extent that the valuation is based on models or inputs that are less observable or unobservable in the market, the determination of fair value requires more judgment. In certain cases, the inputs used to measure fair value may fall into different levels of the fair value hierarchy. In such cases, for financial statement disclosure purposes, the level in the fair value hierarchy within which the fair value measurement is categorized is based on the lowest level input that is significant to the overall fair value measurement. Allowance for credit losses We establish an allowance for credit losses through a review of several factors, including historical collection experience, current aging status of the customer accounts, and current financial condition of our customers. Losses are charged against the allowance when the customer accounts are determined to be uncollectible. Inventories Inventories relate to the Company’s bioprocessing business. The Company values inventory at cost or, if lower, net realizable value, using the first-in, first-out method. The Company reviews its inventories at least quarterly and records a provision for excess and obsolete inventory based on its estimates of expected sales volume, production capacity and expiration dates of raw materials, work-in-process and finished products. The Company writes down inventory that has become obsolete, inventory that has a cost basis in excess of its expected net realizable value, and inventory in excess of expected requirements to cost of product revenue. Manufacturing of bioprocessing finished goods is done to order and tested for quality specifications prior to shipment. A change in the estimated timing or amount of demand for the Company’s products could result in additional provisions for excess inventory quantities on hand. Any significant unanticipated changes in demand or unexpected quality failures could have a significant impact on the value of inventory and reported operating results. During all periods presented in the accompanying consolidated financial statements, there have been no material adjustments related to a revised estimate of inventory valuations. Work-in-process and finished products inventories consist of material, labor, outside processing costs and manufacturing overhead. Lease Accounting The Company adopted Accounting Standards Update No. (“ASU”) 2016-02, “Leases (Topic 842)” (“ASC 842”) as of January 1, 2019. Under ASC 842, the Company determines whether the arrangement contains a lease at the inception of an arrangement. If a lease is identified in an arrangement, the Company recognizes a right-of-use asset and liability on its consolidated balance sheets and determines whether the lease should be classified as a finance or operating lease. The Company does not recognize assets or liabilities for leases with lease terms of less than 12 months. A lease qualifies as a finance lease if any of the following criteria are met at the inception of the lease: (i) there is a transfer of ownership of the leased asset to the Company by the end of the lease term, (ii) the Company holds an option to purchase the leased asset that it is reasonably certain to exercise, (iii) the lease term is for a major part of the remaining economic life of the leased asset, (iv) the present value of the sum of lease payments equals or exceeds substantially all of the fair value of the leased asset, or (v) the nature of the leased asset is specialized to the point that it is expected to provide the lessor no alternative use at the end of the lease term. All other leases are recorded as operating leases. Finance and operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the present value of the lease payments over the lease term using the discount rate implicit in the lease. If the rate implicit is not readily determinable, the Company utilizes its incremental borrowing rate at the lease commencement date. Operating lease assets are further adjusted for prepaid or accrued lease payments. Operating lease payments are expensed using the straight-line method as an operating expense over the lease term. Finance lease assets are amortized to depreciation expense using the straight-line method over the shorter of the useful life of the related asset or the lease term. Finance lease payments are bifurcated into (i) a portion that is recorded as imputed interest expense and (ii) a portion that reduces the finance liability associated with the lease. The Company does not separate lease and non-lease components when determining which lease payments to include in the calculation of its lease assets and liabilities. Variable lease payments are expensed as incurred. If a lease includes an option to extend or terminate the lease, the Company reflects the option in the lease term if it is reasonably certain it will exercise the option. Finance leases are recorded in property, plant and equipment, net, other current liabilities and long-term finance lease liabilities and operating leases are recorded in operating lease right of use assets, operating lease liability and operating lease liability, long-term on the Company’s consolidated balance sheets. Certain of the Company’s operating leases where the Company is the lessee provide for minimum annual payments that increase over the life of the lease. Some of these leases include obligations to pay for other services, such as operations and maintenance. For leases of property, the Company accounts for these other services as a component of the lease. The aggregate minimum annual payments are expensed on the straight-line basis beginning when the Company takes possession of the property and extending over the term of the related lease, including renewal options when the exercise of the option is reasonably certain as an economic penalty may be incurred if the option is not exercised. The Company also accounts in its straight-line computation for the effect of any “rental holidays.” Operating lease assets represent the Company’s right to use an underlying asset for the lease term and lease liabilities represent the Company’s obligation to make lease payments arising from the lease. Operating lease assets and liabilities are recognized at the lease commencement date based on the estimated present value of the fixed lease payments, reduced by landlord incentives using a discount rate based on similarly secured borrowings available to the Company. Most of the leases do not provide implicit interest rates and therefore the Company determines the discount rate based on its incremental borrowing rate. The incremental borrowing rate for the Company’s leases is determined based on lease term and currency in which the lease payments are made. Accrued Liabilities The Company estimates accrued liabilities by identifying services performed on the Company’s behalf, estimating the level of service performed and determining the associated cost incurred for such service as of each balance sheet date. For example, the Company would accrue for professional and consulting fees incurred with law firms, audit and accounting service providers and other third-party consultants. These expenses are determined by either requesting those service providers to estimate unbilled services at each reporting date for services incurred or tracking costs incurred by service providers under fixed fee arrangements. The Company has processes in place to estimate the appropriate amounts to record for accrued liabilities, which principally involve the applicable personnel reviewing the services provided. In the event that the Company does not identify certain costs that have begun to be incurred or the Company under or over-estimates the level of services performed or the costs of such services, the reported expenses for that period may be too low or too high. The date on which certain services commence, the level of services performed on or before a given date, and the cost of such services often require the exercise of judgment. The Company makes these judgments based upon the facts and circumstances known at the date of the consolidated financial statements. Income Taxes Deferred taxes are determined based on the difference between the consolidated financial statements and tax basis of assets and liabilities using enacted tax rates in effect in the years in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are provided, if, based upon the weight of available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. The Company accounts for uncertain tax positions using a “more-likely-than-not” threshold for recognizing and resolving uncertain tax positions. The evaluation of uncertain tax positions is based on factors including, but not limited to, changes in tax law, the measurement of tax positions taken or expected to be taken in tax returns, the effective settlement of matters subject to audit, new audit activity and changes in facts or circumstances related to a tax position. The Company evaluates this tax position on a quarterly basis. The Company also accrues for potential interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. The Company is subject to a territorial tax system under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act enacted in December 2017, in which the Company is required to provide for tax on Global Intangible Low-Taxed Income (“GILTI”) earned by certain foreign subsidiaries. The Company has adopted an accounting policy to provide for the tax expense related to GILTI in the year the tax is incurred as a period expense. Property, Plant & Equipment Property, plant & equipment is recorded at cost less allowances for depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful life of the asset as follows:
Classification |  | Estimated Useful Life
Buildings |  | Thirty years
Leasehold improvements |  | Shorter of the term of the lease or estimated useful life
Equipment |  | Three to twelve years
Furniture, fixtures and office equipment |  | Three to eight years
Computer hardware and software |  | Three to seven years or estimated useful life
Vehicles |  | Five years
Upon disposal of property, plant & equipment, the cost of the asset and the accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and the resulting gain or loss is reflected in our results of operations. Fully depreciated assets are not removed from the accounts until they are physically disposed of. Certain systems development costs related to the purchase, development and installation of computer software developed or obtained for internal use are capitalized and depreciated over the estimated useful life of the related project. Costs incurred prior to the development stage, as well as maintenance, training costs, and general and administrative expenses are expensed as incurred. Earnings Per Share The Company reports earnings per share (“EPS”) in accordance with ASC 260, "Earnings Per Share," which establishes standards for computing and presenting EPS. Basic EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted EPS is computed by dividing net income available to common shareholders by the weighted-average number of common shares and dilutive common share equivalents outstanding during the period. Potential common share equivalents consist of restricted stock awards (including performance stock units) and the incremental common shares issuable upon the exercise of stock options and warrants. Under the treasury stock method, unexercised “in-the-money” stock options are assumed to be exercised at the beginning of the period or at issuance, if later. The assumed proceeds are then used to purchase common shares at the average market price during the period. In periods when the Company has a net loss, stock awards are excluded from the calculation of earnings per share as their inclusion would have an antidilutive effect. A reconciliation of basic and diluted weighted average share outstanding is as follows:
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands, except per share data) |
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 41,577 |  |  | $ | 185,959 |  |  | $ | 128,291 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charges associated with convertible debt instruments, net of tax |  |  | — |  |  |  | 387 |  |  |  | — |
Numerator for diluted earnings per share - net income available to common stockholders after the effect of dilutive securities |  | $ | 41,577 |  |  | $ | 186,346 |  |  | $ | 128,291 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted average shares used in computing net income per share - basic |  |  | 55,720 |  |  |  | 55,460 |  |  |  | 55,015 |
Effect of dilutive shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Options and stock units |  |  | 457 |  |  |  | 608 |  |  |  | 915 |
Convertible senior notes(1) |  |  | 181 |  |  |  | 1,360 |  |  |  | 1,253 |
Contingent consideration |  |  | 8 |  |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | — |
Dilutive effect of unvested performance stock units |  |  | 11 |  |  |  | 16 |  |  |  | 81 |
Dilutive potential common shares |  |  | 657 |  |  |  | 1,995 |  |  |  | 2,249 |
Denominator for diluted earnings per share - adjusted weighted average shares used in computing net income per share - diluted |  |  | 56,377 |  |  |  | 57,455 |  |  |  | 57,264 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.75 |  |  | $ | 3.35 |  |  | $ | 2.33 |
Diluted |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | 3.24 |  |  | $ | 2.24 |
(1) Represents the dilutive impact for the Company's 0.375% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the “ 2019 Notes”) and its 1.00% Convertible Senior Notes due 2028 (the “2023 Notes”). As of December 31, 2023, the if-converted value is less than the outstanding principal of the 2023 Notes and are therefore anti-dilutive. Refer to Note 14, “Convertible Senior Notes,” for more information. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, 306,849 shares, 177,318 shares and 68,968 shares, respectively, of the Company’s common stock were excluded from the calculation of diluted earnings per share because they would have had an anti-dilutive effect for years presented. In July 2019, the Company issued $287.5 million aggregate principal amount of its 2019 Notes. As provided by the terms of the indenture underlying the 2019 Notes, prior to March 4, 2022, conversion of the 2019 Notes could have been settled in cash, shares of the Company’s common stock or a combination thereof, at the Company’s election. On March 4, 2022, we entered into the Second Supplemental Indenture for the 2019 Notes, which irrevocably elected to settle the conversion of the 2019 Notes using a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, settling the par value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. On December 14, 2023, the Company exchanged, in a privately negotiated exchange, $309.9 million principal amount of 2023 Notes for $217.7 million principal amount of 2019 Notes and issued $290.1 million aggregate principal amount of 2023 Notes for $290.1 million in cash. Following the close of the Exchange Transaction, $69.7 million in aggregate principal amount of 2019 Notes remains outstanding with terms unchanged. As provided by the terms of the Second Supplemental Indenture underlying the 2019 Notes, the Company irrevocably elected to settle the conversion obligation for the 2019 Notes in a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock. This means the Company will settle the par value of the 2019 Notes in cash and any excess conversion premium in shares. As mentioned in Note 14, “Convertible Senior Notes,” the Company adopted ASU 2020-06 effective January 1, 2022. Under ASU 2020-06, the Company is required to reflect the dilutive effect of the convertible securities by application of the “if-converted” method, which means the denominator of the EPS calculation would include the total number of shares assuming the 2019 Notes had been fully converted at the beginning of the period. Prior to March 4, 2022, the Company had the choice to settle the conversion of the 2019 Notes in cash, stock or a combination of the two. Therefore, from January 1, 2022 (the date the Company adopted ASU 2020-06) to March 4, 2022, the Company included 3,474,429 shares in the denominator of the EPS calculation, applying the if converted method. Subsequent to March 4, 2022, after the Second Supplemental Indenture became effective, the Company irrevocably elected to settle the conversion obligation for the 2019 Notes in a combination of cash and shares of the Company's common stock, and from March 5, 2022 forward, only the excess premium will be settled with shares. Under the if-converted method of calculating dilutive shares, the Company was also required to exclude amortization of debt issuance costs and interest charges applicable to the convertible debt from the numerator of the dilutive EPS calculation for the period from January 1, 2022 to March 4, 2022, as if the interest on convertible debt was never recognized for that period. As a result, the Company excluded interest charges of $0.4 million (net of tax) from the numerator and included 1,359,957 shares in the calculation of diluted earnings as the dilutive effect of the conversion premium for the year ended December 31, 2022. There were no comparable amounts included in 2023 or 2021. Prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06, the Company applied the provisions of ASC 260, “Earnings Per Share,” subsection 10-45-44, to determine the diluted weighted average shares outstanding as it related to the conversion spread on its convertible notes. Accordingly, the par value of the 2019 Notes was not included in the calculation of diluted EPS, but the dilutive effect of the conversion premium was considered in the calculation of diluted EPS using the treasury stock method. The dilutive impact of the 2019 Notes was based on the difference between the Company’s current period average stock price and the conversion price of the convertible notes, provided there is a premium. Pursuant to this accounting standard, there was no dilution from the accreted principal of the 2019 Notes. Segment Reporting Operating segments are components of an enterprise that engage in business activities for which discrete financial information is available and regularly reviewed by the CODM in deciding how to allocate resources and assess performance. Our CEO has been identified as our CODM. The Company views its operations, makes decisions regarding how to allocate resources and manages its business as one reportable segment and one reporting unit. As a result, the financial information disclosed herein represents all of the material financial information related to the Company. The following table represents product revenues by product line:
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023(1) |  |  | 2022 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Filtration products |  | $ | 347,781 |  |  | $ | 495,930 |
Chromatography products |  |  | 126,629 |  |  |  | 131,680 |
Process analytics products |  |  | 56,820 |  |  |  | 53,512 |
Proteins products |  |  | 103,463 |  |  |  | 114,320 |
Other |  |  | 3,688 |  |  |  | 5,741 |
Total product revenue |  | $ | 638,381 |  |  | $ | 801,183 |
(1) 2023 revenue for filtration products includes revenue related to FlexBiosys, Inc. (“FlexBiosys”) from April 17, 2023, as well as Metenova Holding AB (“Metenova”) from October 2, 2023. (2) 2021 revenue for filtration products includes revenue related to Polymem S.A. (“Polymem”) from July 1, 2021, as well as BioFlex Solutions LLC (“BioFlex”) and Newton T&M Corp. (“NTM”) from December 16, 2021 through December 31, 2021. 2021 revenue for proteins products includes revenue related to Avitide, Inc. (“Avitide”) from September 20, 2021 through December 31, 2021. Revenue from filtration products includes the XCell ATF® systems and consumables as well as the KrosFlo® and SIUS® filtration products. Revenue from chromatography products includes the OPUS® chromatography pre-packed columns, chromatography resins and ELISA test kits. Revenue from process analytics products includes the SoloVPE®, FlowVPE® RPM® and FlowVPX® devices. Revenue from protein products includes the Protein A affinity ligands and cell culture growth factors. Other revenue primarily consists of revenue from the sale of operating room products to hospitals as well as freight revenue. The following table represents the Company’s total revenue by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented (based on the location of the customer):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  |  | 2021 |
Revenue by customers' geographic locations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 43 | % |  |  | 41 | %
Europe |  |  | 37 | % |  |  | 37 | % |  |  | 40 | %
APAC/Other |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 19 | %
Total revenue |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | % |  |  | 100 | %
The following table represents the Company’s total assets by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Total assets by geographic locations: |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  | $ | 2,371,208 |  |  | $ | 2,209,244 |
Europe |  |  | 426,034 |  |  |  | 287,543 |
APAC |  |  | 27,169 |  |  |  | 27,871 |
Total assets by geographic location |  | $ | 2,824,411 |  |  | $ | 2,524,658 |
The following table represents the Company’s long-lived assets by our country of domicile (the United States) and other countries where our major subsidiaries are domiciled for the periods presented:
|  | December 31, |
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |
|  | (Amounts in thousands) |
Long-lived assets by geographic locations: |  |  |  |  |  |
North America |  | $ | 278,033 |  |  | $ | 275,151 |
Europe |  |  | 43,280 |  |  |  | 38,541 |
APAC |  |  | 2,919 |  |  |  | 2,819 |
Total long-lived assets by geographic location |  | $ | 324,232 |  |  | $ | 316,511 |
Concentrations of Credit Risk and Significant Customers Financial instruments that subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk primarily consist of cash and cash equivalents, marketable securities and accounts receivable. Per the Company’s investment policy, cash equivalents and marketable securities are invested in financial instruments with high credit ratings, limit its credit exposure to any one issuer (with the exception of U.S. treasury obligations) and type of instrument is limited. At December 31, 2023, the Company had no investments associated with foreign exchange contracts, options contracts or other foreign hedging arrangements. Concentration of credit risk with respect to accounts receivable is limited to customers to whom the Company makes significant sales. While a reserve for the potential write-off of accounts receivable is maintained, the Company has not written off any significant accounts to date. To control credit risk, the Company performs regular credit evaluations of its customers’ financial condition. There was no revenue from customers that represented 10% or more of the Company's total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2023 or 2022. Revenue from Pfizer Inc. accounted for 10% of total revenue for the year ended December 31, 2021. No accounts receivable balance from a specific customer represented 10% or more of the Company's total trade accounts receivable at December 31, 2023. Significant accounts receivable balances representing 10% or more of the Company’s total trade accounts receivable balances at December 31, 2022 came from our accounts receivable balance outstanding with Purolite, an Ecolab Inc. company (“Purolite”), which was 12.7% of the Company's total trade accounts receivable balance. Business Combinations, Goodwill and Intangible Assets Business Combinations Total consideration transferred for acquisitions is allocated to the tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed, if any, based on their fair values at the dates of acquisition. This purchase price allocation process requires management to make significant estimates and assumptions with respect to intangible assets and deferred revenue. The fair value of identifiable intangible assets is based on detailed valuations that use information and assumptions determined by management. Any excess of purchase price over the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired is allocated to goodwill. While the Company uses its best estimates and assumptions to accurately value assets acquired and liabilities assumed at the acquisition date as well as any contingent consideration, where applicable, the Company’s estimates are inherently uncertain and subject to refinement. As a result, during the measurement period, which may be up to one year from the acquisition date, the Company records adjustments to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed with the corresponding offset to goodwill. Upon conclusion of the measurement period or final determination of the values of assets acquired or liabilities assumed, whichever comes first, any subsequent adjustments are recorded to the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Any excess of the fair value of the net tangible and intangible assets acquired over the purchase price is recognized in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. The fair value of contingent consideration includes estimates and judgments made by management regarding the probability that future contingent payments will be made and the extent of royalties to be earned in excess of the defined minimum royalties. Management updates these estimates and the related fair value of contingent consideration at each reporting period. These changes in the fair value of contingent consideration are recorded to contingent consideration in the Company’s consolidated statements of comprehensive income. For the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, we recorded a decrease of $(30.6) million and $(28.7) million, respectively, to the estimated contingent consideration obligation, primarily related to the acquisition of Avitide (the “Avitide Acquisition”). The Company uses the income approach to determine the fair value of certain identifiable intangible assets including customer relationships and developed technology. This approach determines fair value by estimating after-tax cash flows attributable to these assets over their respective useful lives and then discounting these after-tax cash flows back to a present value. The Company bases its assumptions on estimates of future cash flows, expected growth rates, expected trends in technology, etc. Discount rates used to arrive at a present value as of the date of acquisition are based on the time value of money and certain industry-specific risk factors. The Company believes the estimated purchased customer relationships, developed technologies, trademark/tradename, patents, non-compete agreements and in-process research and development amounts so determined represent the fair value at the date of acquisition, and do not exceed the amount a third-party would pay for such assets. Goodwill Goodwill is not amortized and is tested for impairment at least annually at the reporting unit level. The Company operates as one reporting unit as of the goodwill impairment measurement date of December 31, 2023. During the qualitative assessment of the Company’s one reporting unit during the 2023 goodwill impairment testing, it was determined that it was not more likely than not that its fair value was less than its carrying amount. As such, a quantitative impairment assessment was not required as of December 31, 2023. If an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of its reporting unit below its carrying value, the Company will evaluate its goodwill for impairment between annual tests. There was no impairment to goodwill and therefore no impairment charge recorded for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. The Company has historically tested for impairment on its goodwill annually as of its measurement date of December 31st pursuant to company policy. Subsequent to the 2023 annual impairment test, the Company voluntarily changed its annual impairment assessment date from December 31st to October 1st, the first day of the Company's fourth quarter, beginning on October 1, 2024. The change is being made to better align the annual impairment assessment date with the Company's annual planning and budgeting process as well as long-term planning and forecasting process. The Company has determined this voluntary change in accounting principle is preferable and will not impact its consolidated financial statements nor is it being done to accelerate, avoid or trigger an impairment charge. This change is not going to be applied retrospectively as it is impracticable to do so because retrospective application would require application of significant estimates and assumptions with the use of hindsight. Accordingly, the change will be applied prospectively. Intangible Assets Intangible assets with a definite life are amortized over their useful lives using the straight-line method and the amortization expense is recorded within cost of product revenue, research and development (“R&D”) and selling, general and administrative expense in the consolidated statements of comprehensive income. Intangible assets and their related useful lives are reviewed at least annually to determine if any adverse conditions existed that would indicate the carrying value of these assets may not be recoverable. More frequent impairment assessments are conducted if certain conditions exist, including a change in the competitive landscape, any internal decisions to pursue new or different technology strategies, a loss of a significant customer, or a significant change in the marketplace, including changes in the prices paid for the Company’s products or changes in the size of the market for the Company’s products. If impairment indicators are present, the Company determines whether the underlying intangible asset is recoverable through estimated future undiscounted cash flows. If the asset is not found to be recoverable, it is written down to the estimated fair value of the asset based on the sum of the future discounted cash flows expected to result from the use and disposition of the asset. If the estimate of an intangible asset’s remaining useful life is changed, the remaining carrying amount of the intangible asset is amortized prospectively over the revised remaining useful life. The Company continues to believe that its definite-lived intangible assets are recoverable at December 31, 2023. Indefinite-lived intangible assets are reviewed for impairment at least annually. There has been no impairment of our intangible assets for the periods presented. Stock Based Compensation The Company measures stock-based compensation cost at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and recognizes it as an expense over the employee’s requisite service period on a straight-line basis. The Company records the expense for share-based awards subject to performance-based milestone vesting over the remaining service period when management determines that achievement of the milestone is probable. Management evaluates whether the achievement of a performance-based milestone is probable as of the reporting date. The Company has no awards that are subject to market conditions. The Company recognizes stock-based compensation expense based upon options that are ultimately expected to vest, and accordingly, such compensation expense has been adjusted by an amount of estimated forfeitures. The Company uses the Black-Scholes option pricing model to calculate the fair value of share-based awards on the grant date. The following assumptions are used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards: Expected term – The expected term of options granted represents the period of time for which the options are expected to be outstanding. For purposes of estimating the expected term, the Company has aggregated all individual option awards into one group as the Company does not expect substantial differences in exercise behavior among its employees. Expected volatility – The expected volatility is a measure of the amount by which the Company’s stock price is expected to fluctuate during the expected term of options granted. The Company determines the expected volatility based primarily upon the historical volatility of the Company’s common stock over a period commensurate with the option’s expected term. Risk-free interest rate – The risk-free interest rate is the implied yield available on U.S. treasury zero-coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the option’s expected term on the grant date. Expected dividend yield – The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on any of its capital stock and does not expect to do so in the foreseeable future. Accordingly, the Company uses an expected dividend yield of zero to calculate the grant-date fair value of a stock option. Estimated forfeiture rates – The Company has applied, based on an analysis of its historical forfeitures, annual forfeiture rates of 8% for awards granted to non-executive level employees, 3% for awards granted to executive level employees and 0% for awards granted to non-employee members of the Board of Directors (“Board”) to all unvested stock options as of December 31, 2023. The Company reevaluates this analysis periodically and adjusts these estimated forfeiture rates as necessary. Ultimately, the Company will only recognize an expense for those shares that vest. Advertising Costs The Company expenses advertising costs as they are incurred. Advertising expense for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 was $0.8 million, $0.6 million and $0.6 million, respectively. Recent Accounting Standards Updates We consider the applicability and impact of all ASUs and other accounting guidance on the Company’s consolidated financial statements. Updates not listed below were assessed and determined to be either not applicable or are expected to have minimal impact on the Company’s consolidated financial position or results of operations. Recently issued accounting guidance that we feel may be applicable to the Company are as follows: Recently Issued Accounting Guidance – Adopted During the Fiscal Year In July 2023, the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”) adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11216, “Cybersecurity Risk Management, Strategy, Governance, and Incident Disclosure,” requiring current reporting about material cybersecurity incidents and annual disclosures on management’s processes for assessing, identifying, and managing material cybersecurity risks, the material impacts of cybersecurity threats and previous cybersecurity incidents, the Board's oversight of cybersecurity risks, and management’s role and expertise in assessing and managing material cybersecurity risks. SEC Release No. 33-11216 was effective for us during the third quarter of 2023. The adoption of this guidance did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and disclosures. In December 2022, the SEC adopted the final rule under SEC Release No. 33-11138, "Insider Trading Arrangements and Related Disclosures," which requires new disclosures regarding insider trading policies and procedures, the use of Rule 10b5-1 plans by directors and officers, and stock option grants issued in close proximity to the release of material nonpublic information. SEC Release No. 33-11138 was effective for us for our second quarter of 2023, and did not have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements and disclosures. Recently Issued Accounting Guidance – Not Yet Adopted In December 2023, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) issued ASU 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740) - Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures.” ASU 2023-09 enhances the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures by requiring consistent categories and greater disaggregation of information in the rate reconciliation and income taxes paid disaggregated by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 will be effective for the Company in its income tax disclosure included in its 2025 Annual Report on Form 10-K and will be applied on a prospective basis. However, retrospective application is permitted. Early adoption is also permitted. Besides a change in income tax disclosures, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-09 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements. In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 820) - Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures.” ASU 2023-07 will improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced annual and interim disclosures about significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM. The disclosure required under ASU 2023-07 are also required for public entities with a single reportable segment. ASU 2023-07 will be effective for the Company for annual periods beginning on January 1, 2024 and interim periods beginning on January 1, 2025. The amendments of this guidance apply retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the consolidated financial statements. Early adoption is permitted. Besides presentation in the segment footnote for its interim reporting, the Company does not expect the adoption of ASU 2023-07 to have a material impact on its consolidated financial statements.

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