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Retirement Plans
 12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2020
Retirement Benefits [Abstract]  
Retirement Plans Retirement Plans
DC Plans
Domestic and international DC plans are available to eligible salaried and craft employees. Company contributions to DC plans are based on an employee's eligible compensation and participation rate. We recognized expense of $130 million, $115 million and $150 million associated with contributions to our DC plans during 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively.
DB Plans
Certain DB plans are available to eligible international salaried employees. Contributions to DB plans are at least the minimum amounts required by applicable regulations. Benefit payments under these plans are generally based upon length of service and/or qualifying compensation.
Net periodic pension expense for our DB Plans included the following components:
 Year Ended December 31,
(in thousands)202020192018
Service cost$18,129 $15,750 $17,999 
Interest cost9,899 19,617 21,820 
Expected return on assets(26,304)(32,645)(38,064)
Amortization of prior service credit(903)(886)(935)
Recognized net actuarial loss5,806 10,303 8,368 
(Gain) loss on settlement(406)137,898 21,900 
Net periodic pension expense$6,221 $150,037 $31,088 

The service cost component of net periodic pension expense is presented in “Cost of revenue” and the other components of net periodic pension expense are presented in “Corporate G&A” and "(Gain) loss on pension settlement".
UK Plan
In 2018, we executed a buy-in policy contract with an insurance company to fully insure the benefits of the DB plan in the United Kingdom ("UK plan"). The UK plan was terminated in December 2019 and moved from "buy-in" to "buy-out" status, at which point the remaining benefit obligations were transferred to the insurer and we were relieved of any further obligation. During 2019, we recorded a loss on pension settlement of $138 million, which consisted primarily of unrecognized actuarial losses included in AOCI. The settlement of the plan did not impact our cash position.
During 2018, lump-sum distributions to participants of the UK plan exceeded the sum of the service and interest cost components of net periodic pension cost. As a result, we recorded a loss on partial pension settlement of $22 million.
DB Plan Assumptions
The ranges of assumptions indicated below cover DB plans in the Netherlands, Germany, the Philippines and the UK (2018 only) and are based on the economic environment in each host country at the end of each reporting period. The discount rates for the DB plans were determined primarily based on a hypothetical yield curve developed from the yields on high quality corporate and government bonds with durations consistent with the pension obligations in those countries. The expected long-term rate of return on asset assumptions utilizing historical returns, correlations and investment manager forecasts are established for all relevant asset classes including international equities and government, corporate and other debt securities.
December 31,
202020192018
For determining projected benefit obligation ("PBO") at year-end:
Discount rates
0.80-3.50%
1.20-4.75%
1.80-7.25%
Rates of increase in compensation levels
2.25-6.00%
2.25-6.00%
2.25-7.00%
For determining net periodic cost for the year:
Discount rates
1.20-4.75%
1.80-7.25%
1.90-5.50%
Rates of increase in compensation levels
2.25-6.00%
2.25-7.00%
2.25-7.00%
Expected long-term rates of return on assets
1.20-5.60%
1.80-8.20%
1.90-7.00%
We evaluate the funded status of each of our DB plans using the above assumptions and determine the appropriate funding level in light of applicable regulatory requirements, tax deductibility, reporting considerations and other factors. The funding status of the plans is sensitive to changes in long-term interest rates and returns on plan assets, and funding obligations could increase substantially if interest rates fall dramatically or returns on plan assets are below expectations. Assuming no changes in current assumptions, we expect to contribute up to $12 million to our DB plans in 2021, which is expected to be in excess of the minimum funding required. If the discount rates were reduced by 25 basis points, plan liabilities would increase by approximately $57 million.
DB Plan Assets
The following table sets forth the target and actual allocations of plan assets:
 December 31,
2020 Target Allocation20202019
Asset category:
Debt securities
55% - 65%
63 %60 %
Equity securities
25% - 35%
28 %31 %
Other
0% - 10%
9 %9 %
Total100 %100 %
Our investment strategy is to maintain asset allocations that appropriately manage risk within the context of seeking adequate returns. Investment allocations are determined by each plan's governing body. Asset allocations may be affected by local regulations. Long-term allocation guidelines are established with a target range allocation for each asset class. Short-term deviations from these allocations may exist from time to time for tactical investment or strategic implementation purposes.
Investments in debt securities are used to provide stable investment returns while protecting the funding status of the plans. Investments in equity securities are utilized to generate long-term capital appreciation to mitigate the effects of increases in benefit obligations resulting from inflation, longer life expectancy and salary growth. While most of our plans may invest in the company's securities, there are no such direct investments at the present time.
Plan assets included investments in common or collective trusts ("CCTs"), which offer efficient access to diversified investments across various asset categories. The estimated fair value of the investments in the CCTs represents the net asset value of the shares or units of such funds as determined by the issuer. A redemption notice period of no more than 30 days is required for the plans to redeem certain investments in CCTs. At the present time, there are no other restrictions on how the plans may redeem their investments.
Debt securities are comprised of corporate bonds, government securities and CCTs with underlying investments in corporate bonds, government and asset backed securities and interest rate swaps. Corporate bonds primarily consist of investment-grade rated bonds and notes, of which no significant concentration exists in any one rating category or industry. Government securities include international government bonds, some of which are inflation-indexed. Corporate bonds and government securities are valued based on pricing models, which are determined from a compilation of primarily observable market information, broker quotes in non-active markets or similar assets.
Equity securities span various industries and are comprised of common stocks of international companies as well as CCTs with underlying investments in common and preferred stocks. Publicly traded corporate equity securities are valued based on the closing price of an active market or exchange. Inactive securities are valued at the last reported bid price. As of both December 31, 2020 and 2019, direct investments in equity securities were concentrated in international securities.
Other plan assets include guaranteed investment contracts and CCTs. Guaranteed investment contracts are insurance contracts that guarantee a principal repayment and a stated rate of interest. The estimated fair value of these insurance contracts, which are Level 3 assets, represents the discounted value of guaranteed benefit payments. CCTs hold underlying investments primarily in commodities.
The following table delineates the fair value of the plan assets and liabilities of our DB Plans:
December 31, 2020December 31, 2019
(in thousands)TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3TotalLevel 1Level 2Level 3
Assets:
Equity securities:
Common stock$5,252 $5,252 $— $— $5,346 $5,346 $— $— 
CCTs230,135 — 230,135 — 215,904 — 215,904 — 
Debt securities:
Corporate bonds532 — 532 — 493 — 493 — 
Government securities12,036 — 12,036 — 12,962 — 12,962 — 
CCTs507,691 — 507,691 — 412,416 — 412,416 — 
Other:
Guaranteed investment contracts20,588 — — 20,588 19,650 — — 19,650 
CCTs51,679 — 51,679 — 43,302 — 43,302 — 
Plan assets measured at fair value, net$827,913 $5,252 $802,073 $20,588 $710,073 $5,346 $685,077 $19,650 
Plan assets not measured at fair value, net1,507 590 
Total plan assets, net$829,420 $710,663 
The following table presents information about Level 3 fair value measurements:
(in thousands)20202019
Balance at beginning of year$19,650 $374,724 
Actual return on plan assets:
Assets still held at reporting date2,092 1,609 
Assets sold during the period— 49,524 
Purchases343 187 
Settlements(1,497)(406,394)
Balance at end of year$20,588 $19,650 
The following table presents expected future benefit payments related to our DB Plans:
Year Ended December 31,(in thousands)
2021$21,387 
202221,461 
202321,677 
202422,347 
202523,065 
2026 — 2030125,302 
The following table sets forth the change in PBO, plan assets and funded status of the plans:
December 31,
(in thousands)20202019
Change in PBO:
Benefit obligation at beginning of year$748,784 $1,020,633 
Service cost18,129 15,750 
Interest cost9,899 19,617 
Employee contributions2,860 3,382 
Currency translation72,178 (2,794)
Actuarial (gain) loss (1)
58,258 117,549 
Benefits paid(17,224)(27,362)
Divestitures— (1,669)
Curtailments(6,574)— 
Settlements(16,475)(396,322)
PBO at end of year869,835 748,784 
Change in plan assets:
Plan assets at beginning of year710,663 964,289 
Actual return on plan assets55,819 153,033 
Company contributions24,752 14,591 
Employee contributions2,860 3,382 
Currency translation69,025 (948)
Benefits paid(17,224)(27,362)
Settlements(16,475)(396,322)
Plan assets at end of year829,420 710,663 
Funded status — (Under)/overfunded$(40,415)$(38,121)
Amounts recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheet:
Pension assets included in other assets$— $1,349 
Pension liabilities included in other accrued liabilities(647)(2,041)
Pension liabilities included in noncurrent liabilities(39,768)(37,429)
AOCI (pre-tax)$161,534 $130,619 
Plans with PBO in excess of plan assets:
PBO$869,835 $78,961 
Plan assets829,420 39,491 
Plans with ABO in excess of plan assets:
ABO$45,757 $73,865 
Plan assets20,588 39,491 
(1) Actuarial losses are primarily due to assumption changes.
The total ABO for all DB Plans as of December 31, 2020 and 2019 was $793 million and $681 million, respectively.
Multiemployer Pension Plans
In addition to our DB plans discussed above, we participate in multiemployer pension plans for unionized construction and maintenance craft employees. Company contributions are based on the hours worked by employees covered under various collective bargaining agreements and totaled $38 million, $32 million and $30 million during 2020, 2019 and 2018, respectively. We are not aware of any significant future obligations or funding requirements related to these plans other than the ongoing contributions that are paid as hours are worked by plan participants. None of these multiemployer pension plans are individually significant to us. The preceding information does not include amounts related to benefit plans applicable to employees associated with certain contracts with the U.S. Department of Energy because we are not responsible for the current or future funding of these plans.