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Table of Contents |  |

UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2023
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-10960
FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 87-3920732
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1600 West 7th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(817) 335-1100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | FCFS | The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

☒ | Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer
☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company
|  | ☐ | Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). ☐ Yes ☒ No
As of October 25, 2023, there were 45,107,912 shares of common stock outstanding.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2023
INDEX

PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 24
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 57
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 57
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 58
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 58
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 58
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 58
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 58
Item 5. | Other Information | 59
Item 6. | Exhibits | 60
SIGNATURES | 61

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
Forward-Looking Information
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements about the business, financial condition, outlook and prospects of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”). Forward-looking statements, as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “estimates,” “should,” “plans,” “targets,” “intends,” “could,” “would,” “anticipates,” “potential,” “confident,” “optimistic” or the negative thereof, or other variations thereon, or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy, objectives, estimates, guidance, expectations, outlook and future plans. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by the fact these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties.
While the Company believes the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurances such expectations will prove to be accurate. Security holders are cautioned that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may cause results to differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements made in this quarterly report. Such factors may include, without limitation, risks related to the extensive regulatory environment in which the Company operates; risks associated with the legal and regulatory proceedings that the Company is a party to, or may become a party to in the future, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) lawsuit filed against the Company; risks related to the Company’s acquisitions, including the failure of the Company’s acquisitions, to deliver the estimated value and benefits expected by the Company and the ability of the Company to continue to identify and consummate acquisitions on favorable terms; potential changes in consumer behavior and shopping patterns which could impact demand for the Company’s pawn loan, retail, lease-to-own (“LTO”) and retail finance products, including, as a result to, changes in the general economic conditions; labor shortages and increased labor costs; a deterioration in the economic conditions in the United States and Latin America, including as a result of inflation and rising interest rates, which potentially could have an impact on discretionary consumer spending and demand for the Company’s products; currency fluctuations, primarily involving the Mexican peso; competition the Company faces from other retailers and providers of retail payment solutions; the ability of the Company to successfully execute on its business strategies; and other risks discussed and described in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including the risks described in Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” thereof, and other reports filed with the SEC. Many of these risks and uncertainties are beyond the ability of the Company to control, nor can the Company predict, in many cases, all of the risks and uncertainties that could cause its actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report speak only as of the date of this quarterly report, and the Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to report any updates or revisions to any such statement to reflect any change in the Company’s expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2022
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 100,620 |  |  | $ | 117,330 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 72,336 |  |  | 58,435 |  |  | 57,792 |
Pawn loans |  | 483,785 |  |  | 404,227 |  |  | 390,617 |
Finance receivables, net |  | 113,307 |  |  | 111,945 |  |  | 103,494 |
Inventories |  | 314,382 |  |  | 295,428 |  |  | 288,339 |
Leased merchandise, net |  | 143,169 |  |  | 132,097 |  |  | 153,302 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 21,114 |  |  | 38,322 |  |  | 19,788 |
Total current assets |  | 1,234,640 |  |  | 1,141,074 |  |  | 1,130,662 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 604,673 |  |  | 535,584 |  |  | 538,681 |
Operating lease right of use asset |  | 312,097 |  |  | 299,052 |  |  | 307,009 |
Goodwill |  | 1,713,354 |  |  | 1,523,699 |  |  | 1,581,381 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 291,690 |  |  | 345,512 |  |  | 330,338 |
Other assets |  | 10,057 |  |  | 9,133 |  |  | 9,415 |
Deferred tax assets, net |  | 8,052 |  |  | 6,906 |  |  | 7,381 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,174,563 |  |  | $ | 3,860,960 |  |  | $ | 3,904,867 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 146,873 |  |  | $ | 175,964 |  |  | $ | 139,460 |
Customer deposits and prepayments |  | 71,752 |  |  | 63,066 |  |  | 63,125 |
Lease liability, current |  | 98,745 |  |  | 91,115 |  |  | 92,944 |
Total current liabilities |  | 317,370 |  |  | 330,145 |  |  | 295,529 |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | 560,229 |  |  | 338,000 |  |  | 339,000 |
Senior unsecured notes |  | 1,037,151 |  |  | 1,035,226 |  |  | 1,035,698 |
Deferred tax liabilities, net |  | 139,713 |  |  | 155,263 |  |  | 151,759 |
Lease liability, non-current |  | 202,516 |  |  | 197,171 |  |  | 203,115 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,256,979 |  |  | 2,055,805 |  |  | 2,025,101 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | 573 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 573 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,737,497 |  |  | 1,732,500 |  |  | 1,734,528 |
Retained earnings |  | 1,164,228 |  |  | 995,669 |  |  | 1,060,603 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (64,521) |  |  | (127,366) |  |  | (106,573) |
Common stock held in treasury, at cost |  | (920,193) |  |  | (796,221) |  |  | (809,365) |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 1,917,584 |  |  | 1,805,155 |  |  | 1,879,766 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 4,174,563 |  |  | $ | 3,860,960 |  |  | $ | 3,904,867 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

1

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales | $ | 335,081 |  |  | $ | 300,899 |  |  | $ | 983,860 |  |  | $ | 901,975 |
Pawn loan fees | 174,560 |  |  | 145,727 |  |  | 480,298 |  |  | 411,613 |
Leased merchandise income | 189,382 |  |  | 158,089 |  |  | 562,625 |  |  | 455,736 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 61,413 |  |  | 48,846 |  |  | 174,247 |  |  | 135,039 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales | 25,865 |  |  | 18,582 |  |  | 98,632 |  |  | 75,235 |
Total revenue | 786,301 |  |  | 672,143 |  |  | 2,299,662 |  |  | 1,979,598 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold | 199,719 |  |  | 182,199 |  |  | 590,991 |  |  | 543,722 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise | 103,698 |  |  | 86,519 |  |  | 307,824 |  |  | 262,830 |
Provision for lease losses | 39,736 |  |  | 31,916 |  |  | 141,674 |  |  | 109,771 |
Provision for loan losses | 33,096 |  |  | 31,956 |  |  | 90,571 |  |  | 83,453 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold | 21,405 |  |  | 16,261 |  |  | 79,012 |  |  | 64,371 |
Total cost of revenue | 397,654 |  |  | 348,851 |  |  | 1,210,072 |  |  | 1,064,147 |
Net revenue | 388,647 |  |  | 323,292 |  |  | 1,089,590 |  |  | 915,451 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 211,524 |  |  | 185,547 |  |  | 615,366 |  |  | 539,398 |
Administrative expenses | 45,056 |  |  | 36,951 |  |  | 124,428 |  |  | 110,882 |
Depreciation and amortization | 27,365 |  |  | 25,971 |  |  | 81,526 |  |  | 77,495 |
Interest expense | 24,689 |  |  | 18,282 |  |  | 66,657 |  |  | 50,749 |
Interest income | (328) |  |  | (206) |  |  | (1,253) |  |  | (1,104) |
(Gain) loss on foreign exchange | (286) |  |  | 255 |  |  | (1,905) |  |  | (198) |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 3,387 |  |  | 733 |  |  | 3,670 |  |  | 1,712 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration | — |  |  | (19,800) |  |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |
Other expenses (income), net | (384) |  |  | 164 |  |  | (260) |  |  | (2,721) |
Total expenses and other income | 311,023 |  |  | 247,897 |  |  | 888,229 |  |  | 693,424 |
Income before income taxes | 77,624 |  |  | 75,395 |  |  | 201,361 |  |  | 222,027 |
Provision for income taxes | 20,480 |  |  | 16,079 |  |  | 51,649 |  |  | 48,598 |
Net income | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.65 |
Diluted | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |  |  | $ | 3.64 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |
Other comprehensive income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment | (15,263) |  |  | (7,372) |  |  | 42,052 |  |  | 3,933 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 41,881 |  |  | $ | 51,944 |  |  | $ | 191,764 |  |  | $ | 177,362 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accum- ulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Common Stock Held in Treasury |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |
As of 12/31/2022 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,734,528 |  |  | $ | 1,060,603 |  |  | $ | (106,573) |  |  | 11,030 |  |  | $ | (809,365) |  |  | $ | 1,879,766 |
Shares issued under share-based compensation plan, net of 28 shares net-settled |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,156) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | 4,693 |  |  | (2,463) |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,388 |
Cash dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,294) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,294) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,513 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,513 |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 782 |  |  | (71,411) |  |  | (71,411) |
As of 3/31/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,730,747 |  |  | $ | 1,092,697 |  |  | $ | (77,060) |  |  | 11,748 |  |  | $ | (876,083) |  |  | $ | 1,870,874 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,180 |
Cash dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,298) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,298) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,802 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,802 |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |  |  | (35,214) |  |  | (35,214) |
As of 6/30/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,734,122 |  |  | $ | 1,122,579 |  |  | $ | (49,258) |  |  | 12,119 |  |  | $ | (911,297) |  |  | $ | 1,896,719 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,144 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,144 |
Cash dividends ($0.35 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,495) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,495) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,263) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,263) |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | (8,896) |  |  | (8,896) |
As of 9/30/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,737,497 |  |  | $ | 1,164,228 |  |  | $ | (64,521) |  |  | 12,214 |  |  | $ | (920,193) |  |  | $ | 1,917,584 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CONTINUED
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
|  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accum- ulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Common Stock Held in Treasury |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |
As of 12/31/2021 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,724,956 |  |  | $ | 866,679 |  |  | $ | (131,299) |  |  | 8,843 |  |  | $ | (652,782) |  |  | $ | 1,808,127 |
Shares issued under share-based compensation plan |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,281) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17) |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | — |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,075 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,075 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,005 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 28,005 |
Cash dividends ($0.30 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,546) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,546) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,789 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,789 |
Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,048 |  |  | (72,217) |  |  | (72,217) |
As of 3/31/2022 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,726,750 |  |  | $ | 880,138 |  |  | $ | (119,510) |  |  | 9,874 |  |  | $ | (723,718) |  |  | $ | 1,764,233 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,875 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86,108 |
Cash dividends ($0.30 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,235) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,235) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (484) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (484) |
Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 301 |  |  | (20,499) |  |  | (20,499) |
As of 6/30/2022 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,729,625 |  |  | $ | 952,011 |  |  | $ | (119,994) |  |  | 10,175 |  |  | $ | (744,217) |  |  | $ | 1,817,998 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,875 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,875 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59,316 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 59,316 |
Cash dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,658) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,658) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,372) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,372) |
Purchases of treasury stock |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 686 |  |  | (52,004) |  |  | (52,004) |
As of 9/30/2022 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,732,500 |  |  | $ | 995,669 |  |  | $ | (127,366) |  |  | 10,861 |  |  | $ | (796,221) |  |  | $ | 1,805,155 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flow from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | 307,824 |  |  | 262,830 |
Provision for lease losses |  | 141,674 |  |  | 109,771 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 90,571 |  |  | 83,453 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | 10,125 |  |  | 8,825 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 81,526 |  |  | 77,495 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 2,067 |  |  | 2,208 |
Net amortization of premiums, discounts and unearned origination fees on finance receivables |  | (12,390) |  |  | 35,257 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |
Impairments and dispositions of certain other assets |  | 346 |  |  | 482 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  | (12,000) |  |  | 46,142 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | (9,998) |  |  | (2,953) |
Inventories purchased directly from customers, wholesalers or manufacturers |  | (939) |  |  | (11,017) |
Leased merchandise, net |  | (439,365) |  |  | (360,755) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | (427) |  |  | (2,144) |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities |  | (7,594) |  |  | 7,256 |
Income taxes |  | 15,905 |  |  | (21,692) |
Net cash flow provided by operating activities |  | 317,037 |  |  | 325,798 |
Cash flow from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Pawn loans, net (1) |  | (59,426) |  |  | (74,707) |
Finance receivables, net |  | (87,994) |  |  | (49,634) |
Purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements |  | (46,723) |  |  | (29,630) |
Purchases of store real property |  | (46,677) |  |  | (77,689) |
Acquisitions of pawn stores, net of cash acquired |  | (168,353) |  |  | (7,072) |
Net cash flow used in investing activities |  | (409,173) |  |  | (238,732) |
Cash flow from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Borrowings from unsecured credit facilities |  | 545,835 |  |  | 196,000 |
Repayments of unsecured credit facilities |  | (322,967) |  |  | (117,000) |
Debt issuance costs paid |  | (90) |  |  | (1,745) |
Purchases of treasury stock |  | (115,521) |  |  | (140,391) |
Payment of withholding taxes on net share settlements of restricted stock unit awards |  | (2,463) |  |  | — |
Dividends paid |  | (46,087) |  |  | (44,439) |
Net cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities |  | 58,707 |  |  | (107,575) |

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
CONTINUED
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  | 2,646 |  |  | 1,083 |
Change in cash and cash equivalents |  | (30,783) |  |  | (19,426) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period |  | 117,330 |  |  | 120,046 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 100,620 |

(1)Includes the funding of new pawn loans net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 - General
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2022, which is derived from audited consolidated financial statements, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, includes the accounts of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”). The Company regularly makes acquisitions, and the results of operations for the acquisitions have been consolidated since the acquisition dates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for comprehensive financial statements. These interim period financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022, filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023. The consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, and for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, are unaudited, but in management’s opinion include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flow for such interim periods. Operating results for the periods ended September 30, 2023 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
The Company has pawn operations in Latin America, where in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia, the functional currency is the Mexican peso, Guatemalan quetzal and Colombian peso. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date, and the resulting adjustments are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates occurring during the respective period. The Company also has pawn operations in El Salvador, where the reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and related revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of gain and loss contingencies at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In March 2022, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued ASU No 2022-02, “Financial Instruments—Credit Losses (Topic 326): Troubled Debt Restructurings and Vintage Disclosures” (“ASU 2022-02”). ASU 2022-02 eliminates the accounting guidance for troubled debt restructurings by creditors while enhancing disclosure requirements for certain loan refinancing and restructurings by creditors made to borrowers experiencing financial difficulty. In addition, the amendments require disclosure of current period gross write-offs for financing receivables and net investment in leases by year of origination in the vintage disclosures. ASU 2022-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2022, including interim periods within those fiscal years for entities. Except for expanded disclosures to the Company’s vintage disclosures, ASU 2022-02 did not have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statements. See Note 6.
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Note 2 - Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares for calculating basic earnings per share | 45,114 |  |  | 46,902 |  |  | 45,531 |  |  | 47,518 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock unit awards | 260 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 84 |
Weighted-average common shares for calculating diluted earnings per share | 45,374 |  |  | 47,022 |  |  | 45,747 |  |  | 47,602 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |  |  | $ | 3.65 |
Diluted | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |  |  | $ | 3.64 |

Note 3 - Acquisitions
Consistent with the Company’s strategy to continue its expansion of pawn stores in strategic markets, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired 83 pawn stores in the U.S. in five separate transactions and acquired two pawn licenses that were used to open two new pawn stores in the state of Nevada. The aggregate purchase price for these acquisitions totaled $168.1 million, net of cash acquired and subject to future post-closing adjustments. The aggregate purchase price was composed of $167.6 million in cash paid during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which included the repayment and extinguishment of $59.7 million of debt of the acquired businesses at closing and remaining short-term amounts payable to certain of the sellers of approximately $0.5 million.
The purchase price of each of the 2023 acquisitions was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from these acquisitions consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and the pawn stores acquired. These acquisitions were not material individually or in the aggregate to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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The estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary, as the Company is gathering information to finalize the valuation of these assets and liabilities. The preliminary allocation of the aggregate purchase prices for these individually immaterial acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 is as follows (in thousands):

Pawn loans | $ | 26,026 |
Accounts receivable | 3,219 |
Inventories | 15,336 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 996 |
Property and equipment | 2,906 |
Goodwill (1) | 119,299 |
Intangible assets | 4,330 |
Other non-current assets | 280 |
Current liabilities | (4,265) |
Aggregate purchase price | $ | 168,127 |

(1)Substantially all of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The results of operations for the acquired stores have been consolidated since the respective acquisition dates. During 2023, revenue from the acquired stores was $14.5 million and the earnings from the combined acquisitions since the acquisition dates (including $2.8 million of transaction and integration costs, net of tax) was less than $0.1 million.
Note 4 - Operating Leases
Lessor
For information about the Company’s revenue-generating activities as a lessor, refer to Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All of the Company’s lease agreements are considered operating leases.
Lessee
The Company leases the majority of its pawnshop locations and certain administrative offices under operating leases and determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Many leases include both lease and non-lease components for which the Company accounts separately. Lease components include rent, taxes and insurance costs while non-lease components include common area or other maintenance costs. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use assets, lease liability, current and lease liability, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any finance leases.
Leased facilities are generally leased for a term of three to five years with one or more options to renew for an additional three to five years, typically at the Company’s sole discretion. In addition, the majority of these leases can be terminated early upon an adverse change in law which negatively affects the store’s profitability. The Company regularly evaluates renewal and termination options to determine if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option, and excludes these options from the lease term included in the recognition of the operating lease right of use asset and lease liability until such certainty exists. The weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 3.9 years as of September 30, 2023 and 4.1 years as of September 30, 2022.
The operating lease right of use asset and lease liability is recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, and therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company utilizes a portfolio approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate to apply to groups of leases with similar characteristics. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure the lease liability as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 was 7.7% and 6.3%, respectively.
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The Company has certain operating leases in Mexico which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The liability related to these leases is considered a monetary liability and requires remeasurement each reporting period into the functional currency (Mexican pesos) using reporting date exchange rates. The remeasurement results in the recognition of foreign currency exchange gains or losses each reporting period, which can produce a certain level of earnings volatility. The Company recognized a foreign currency loss of $0.6 million and $0.4 million during the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the remeasurement of these U.S. dollar denominated operating leases, which is included in (gain) loss on foreign exchange in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, the Company recognized a foreign currency gain of $1.7 million and $0.4 million, respectively, related to these U.S. dollar denominated leases.
Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease expense recognized in the period such payments are incurred. The following table details the components of lease expense included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Operating lease expense | $ | 36,687 |  |  | $ | 31,988 |  |  | $ | 104,702 |  |  | $ | 95,590 |
Variable lease expense (1) | 4,744 |  |  | 4,216 |  |  | 13,777 |  |  | 12,619 |
Total operating lease expense | $ | 41,431 |  |  | $ | 36,204 |  |  | $ | 118,479 |  |  | $ | 108,209 |

(1)Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance and common area or other maintenance costs paid based on actual costs incurred by the lessor and can therefore vary over the lease term.
The following table details the maturity of lease liabilities for all operating leases as of September 30, 2023 (in thousands):

Three months ending December 31, 2023 | $ | 31,578 |
2024 | 111,094 |
2025 | 82,037 |
2026 | 58,384 |
2027 | 32,329 |
Thereafter | 33,064 |
Total | $ | 348,486 |
Less amount of lease payments representing interest | (47,225) |
Total present value of lease payments | $ | 301,261 |

The following table details supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 92,233 |  |  | $ | 87,040 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 72,663 |  |  | $ | 66,442 |

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Note 5 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments is determined by reference to various market data and other valuation techniques, as appropriate. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The three fair value levels are (from highest to lowest):
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2023. The Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 that are measured at fair value on a recurring basis are as follows (in thousands):

| Estimated Fair Value
| Fair Value Measurements Using
| Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial liabilities (1): |  |  |  |  |
Contingent consideration as of September 30, 2022 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,760 |
Contingent consideration as of December 31, 2022 | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(1)Under the American First Finance (“AFF”) purchase agreement, the seller parties had the right to receive up to $50.0 million of additional consideration if AFF achieved certain adjusted EBITDA targets for the first half of 2023. AFF did not achieve the threshold adjusted EBITDA target for the first half of 2023 and, therefore, the $50.0 million of additional consideration was not earned by the seller parties. As of June 30, 2023, there was no remaining contingent consideration available to the seller parties. The contingent consideration related to the AFF acquisition is included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2022.
The changes in financial assets and liabilities that are measured and recorded at fair value on a recurring basis using Level 3 fair value measurements for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022 are as follows (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Contingent consideration at beginning of the period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 46,560 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 109,549 |
Change in fair value (1) | — |  |  | (19,800) |  |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |
Contingent consideration at end of the period | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,760 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 26,760 |

(1)The Company recognized a gain of $19.8 million and $82.8 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, as a result of the change in fair value of the contingent consideration, which is included in gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration in the accompanying consolidated statements of income.
There were no transfers in or out of Level 1, 2 or 3 during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.
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Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis
The Company measures non-financial assets and liabilities, such as property and equipment and intangible assets, at fair value on a non-recurring basis or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may be impaired.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value, But for Which Fair Value is Disclosed
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2023, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022 that are not measured at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 72,336 |  |  | 72,336 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,336 |
Pawn loans |  | 483,785 |  |  | 483,785 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 483,785 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 113,307 |  |  | 230,357 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 230,357 |
|  | $ | 755,975 |  |  | $ | 873,025 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 786,478 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,050,000 |  |  | 938,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 938,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,610,229 |  |  | $ | 1,498,229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,498,229 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of September 30, 2023 was $224.6 million. See Note 6.

|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2022 |  | 2022 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 100,620 |  |  | $ | 100,620 |  |  | $ | 100,620 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 58,435 |  |  | 58,435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 58,435 |
Pawn loans |  | 404,227 |  |  | 404,227 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 404,227 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 111,945 |  |  | 193,750 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 193,750 |
|  | $ | 675,227 |  |  | $ | 757,032 |  |  | $ | 100,620 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 656,412 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 338,000 |  |  | $ | 338,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 338,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,050,000 |  |  | 887,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 887,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,388,000 |  |  | $ | 1,225,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,225,000 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of September 30, 2022 was $188.9 million. See Note 6.
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|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | December 31, |  | December 31, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2022 |  | 2022 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 117,330 |  |  | $ | 117,330 |  |  | $ | 117,330 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 57,792 |  |  | 57,792 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,792 |
Pawn loans |  | 390,617 |  |  | 390,617 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 390,617 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 103,494 |  |  | 201,895 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 201,895 |
|  | $ | 669,233 |  |  | $ | 767,634 |  |  | $ | 117,330 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 650,304 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 339,000 |  |  | $ | 339,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 339,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,050,000 |  |  | 932,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 932,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,389,000 |  |  | $ | 1,271,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,271,000 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of December 31, 2022 were $196.0 million. See Note 6.
As cash and cash equivalents have maturities of less than three months, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value. Due to their short-term maturities, the carrying value of pawn loans and accounts receivable, net approximate fair value.
Finance receivables are measured at amortized cost, net of an allowance for loan losses on the consolidated balance sheets. In estimating fair value for finance receivables, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company used various unobservable inputs reflecting its own assumptions, such as contractual future principal and interest cash flows, future charge-off rates and discount rates (which consider current interest rates and are adjusted for credit risk, among other factors).
The carrying value of the unsecured credit facilities approximates fair value as of September 30, 2023, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022. The fair value of the unsecured credit facilities is estimated based on market values for debt issuances with similar characteristics or rates currently available for debt with similar terms. In addition, the unsecured credit facilities have a variable interest rate based on the prevailing secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) or the Mexican Central Bank’s interbank equilibrium rate (“TIIE”) and reprice with any changes in SOFR or TIIE. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is estimated based on quoted prices in markets that are not active.
Note 6 - Finance Receivables, Net
Finance receivables, net, which include retail installment sales agreements and bank-originated installment loans, consist of the following (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2022
Finance receivables, gross | $ | 224,618 |  |  | $ | 188,897 |  |  | $ | 195,987 |
Fair value premium on non-purchase credit deteriorated (”PCD”) finance receivables (1) | — |  |  | 6,839 |  |  | — |
Merchant partner discounts and premiums, net | (9,730) |  |  | (2,044) |  |  | (3,517) |
Unearned origination fees | (4,897) |  |  | (3,334) |  |  | (4,143) |
Finance receivables, amortized cost | 209,991 |  |  | 190,358 |  |  | 188,327 |
Less allowance for loan losses | (96,684) |  |  | (78,413) |  |  | (84,833) |
Finance receivables, net | $ | 113,307 |  |  | $ | 111,945 |  |  | $ | 103,494 |

(1)Represents the difference between the initial fair value and the unpaid principal balance as of the date of the AFF acquisition, which is recognized through interest income on an effective yield basis over the lives of the related non-PCD finance receivables.
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The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 93,054 |  |  | $ | 73,936 |  |  | $ | 84,833 |  |  | $ | 75,574 |
Provision for loan losses | 33,096 |  |  | 31,956 |  |  | 90,571 |  |  | 83,453 |
Charge-offs | (30,890) |  |  | (28,642) |  |  | (83,281) |  |  | (84,629) |
Recoveries | 1,424 |  |  | 1,163 |  |  | 4,561 |  |  | 4,015 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 96,684 |  |  | $ | 78,413 |  |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  | $ | 78,413 |

The following is an assessment of the credit quality indicators of the amortized cost of finance receivables as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, by origination year (in thousands):

| Origination Year |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Total
As of September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 to 30 days past due | $ | 14,764 |  |  | $ | 4,150 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 19,093 |
31 to 60 days past due | 9,036 |  |  | 2,792 |  |  | 148 |  |  | 11,976 |
61 to 89 days past due (1) | 7,109 |  |  | 2,816 |  |  | 173 |  |  | 10,098 |
Total past due finance receivables | 30,909 |  |  | 9,758 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 41,167 |
Current finance receivables | 136,555 |  |  | 31,222 |  |  | 1,047 |  |  | 168,824 |
Finance receivables, amortized cost | $ | 167,464 |  |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  | $ | 1,547 |  |  | $ | 209,991 |
| Origination Year |  |
| 2022 |  | 2021 |  | 2020 |  | Total
As of September 30, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 to 30 days past due | $ | 11,149 |  |  | $ | 4,468 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 15,767 |
31 to 60 days past due | 7,118 |  |  | 3,233 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 10,451 |
61 to 89 days past due (1) | 5,971 |  |  | 3,292 |  |  | 120 |  |  | 9,383 |
Total past due finance receivables before fair value adjustments | 24,238 |  |  | 10,993 |  |  | 370 |  |  | 35,601 |
Current finance receivables before fair value adjustments | 111,023 |  |  | 35,969 |  |  | 926 |  |  | 147,918 |
Finance receivables before fair value adjustments | $ | 135,261 |  |  | $ | 46,962 |  |  | $ | 1,296 |  |  | 183,519 |
Fair value premium on non-PCD finance receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  | 6,839 |
Finance receivables, amortized cost |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 190,358 |

(1)The Company charges off finance receivables when a receivable is 90 days or more contractually past due.
The following table details the gross charge-offs of finance receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, by origination year (in thousands):

| Origination Year |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Total
Finance receivables gross charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 | $ | 24,676 |  |  | $ | 51,150 |  |  | $ | 7,455 |  |  | $ | 83,281 |

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Note 7 - Leased Merchandise, Net
Leased merchandise, net consists of the following (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2022
Leased merchandise (1) | $ | 365,677 |  |  | $ | 292,374 |  |  | $ | 335,038 |
Processing fees | (4,155) |  |  | (3,449) |  |  | (4,124) |
Merchant partner discounts and premiums, net | 2,566 |  |  | 2,114 |  |  | 2,456 |
Accumulated depreciation | (115,774) |  |  | (81,343) |  |  | (100,879) |
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses | 248,314 |  |  | 209,696 |  |  | 232,491 |
Less allowance for lease losses | (105,145) |  |  | (77,599) |  |  | (79,189) |
Leased merchandise, net | $ | 143,169 |  |  | $ | 132,097 |  |  | $ | 153,302 |

(1)Acquired leased merchandise in the AFF acquisition was recorded at fair value.
The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease losses (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 110,972 |  |  | $ | 69,101 |  |  | $ | 79,189 |  |  | $ | 5,442 |
Provision for lease losses | 39,736 |  |  | 31,916 |  |  | 141,674 |  |  | 109,771 |
Charge-offs | (47,225) |  |  | (24,538) |  |  | (120,726) |  |  | (40,859) |
Recoveries | 1,662 |  |  | 1,120 |  |  | 5,008 |  |  | 3,245 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 105,145 |  |  | $ | 77,599 |  |  | $ | 105,145 |  |  | $ | 77,599 |

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Note 8 - Long-Term Debt
The following table details the Company’s long-term debt at the respective principal amounts, net of unamortized debt issuance costs on the senior unsecured notes (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2022
Revolving unsecured credit facilities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facility, maturing 2027 (1) | $ | 531,000 |  |  | $ | 338,000 |  |  | $ | 339,000 |
Revolving unsecured uncommitted credit facility, maturing 2027 (1) | 29,229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total revolving unsecured credit facilities | 560,229 |  |  | 338,000 |  |  | 339,000 |
Senior unsecured notes: |  |  |  |  |
4.625% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (2) | 494,239 |  |  | 493,226 |  |  | 493,475 |
5.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (3) | 542,912 |  |  | 542,000 |  |  | 542,223 |
Total senior unsecured notes | 1,037,151 |  |  | 1,035,226 |  |  | 1,035,698 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,597,380 |  |  | $ | 1,373,226 |  |  | $ | 1,374,698 |

(1)Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving unsecured credit facilities are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(2)As of September 30, 2023, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022, deferred debt issuance costs of $5.8 million, $6.8 million and $6.5 million, respectively, are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the senior unsecured notes due 2028 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(3)As of September 30, 2023, September 30, 2022 and December 31, 2022, deferred debt issuance costs of $7.1 million, $8.0 million and $7.8 million, respectively, are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the senior unsecured notes due 2030 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Revolving Unsecured Credit Facility
As of September 30, 2023, the Company maintained an unsecured line of credit with a group of U.S.-based commercial lenders (the “Credit Facility”) in the amount of $590.0 million. The Credit Facility matures on August 30, 2027. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $531.0 million in outstanding borrowings and $2.9 million in outstanding letters of credit under the Credit Facility, leaving $56.1 million available for future borrowings, subject to certain financial covenants. The Credit Facility bears interest at the Company’s option of either (i) the prevailing SOFR (with interest periods of 1, 3 or 6 months at the Company’s option) plus a fixed spread of 2.5% and a fixed SOFR adjustment of 0.1% or (ii) the prevailing prime or base rate plus a fixed spread of 1.5%. The agreement has an interest rate floor of 0%. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an annual commitment fee of 0.325% on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility commitment. The weighted-average interest rate on amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2023 was 7.93% based on 1-month SOFR. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain financial covenants. The Credit Facility also contains customary restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional debt, grant liens, make investments, consummate acquisitions and similar negative covenants with customary carve-outs and baskets. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received net proceeds of $192.0 million from borrowings pursuant to the Credit Facility.
On October 18, 2023, the Company amended its domestic Credit Facility. The total lender commitment under the amended facility, which is provided by a group of twelve commercial banks, was increased by $50.0 million, from $590.0 million to $640.0 million. The amended credit facility remains unsecured and all other terms remained unchanged.
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Revolving Unsecured Uncommitted Credit Facility
In August 2023, the Company’s primary subsidiary in Mexico, First Cash S.A. de C.V., entered into an unsecured and uncommitted line of credit guaranteed by FirstCash, Inc. with a bank in Mexico (the “Mexico Credit Facility”) in the amount of $600.0 million Mexican pesos. The Mexico Credit Facility matures on August 24, 2027. As of September 30, 2023, the Company had $29.2 million ($515.0 million pesos) in outstanding borrowings, leaving $4.8 million ($85.0 million pesos) available for future borrowings, subject to certain financial covenants. The Mexico Credit Facility bears interest at TIIE plus a fixed spread of 2.25%. The interest rate on the amount outstanding under the Mexico Credit Facility at September 30, 2023 was 13.75%. Under the terms of the Mexico Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Mexico Credit Facility as of September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company received net proceeds of $29.2 million ($515.0 million pesos) from borrowings pursuant to the Mexico Credit Facility.
Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2028
On August 26, 2020, the Company issued $500.0 million of 4.625% senior unsecured notes due on September 1, 2028 (the “2028 Notes”), all of which are currently outstanding. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1. The 2028 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis jointly and severally by all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its Credit Facility. The 2028 Notes will permit the Company to make restricted payments, such as purchasing shares of its stock and paying cash dividends, in an unlimited amount if, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of any indebtedness to make such payment, the Company's consolidated total debt ratio is less than 2.75 to 1. The consolidated total debt ratio is defined generally in the indenture governing the 2028 Notes as the ratio of (1) the total consolidated debt of the Company minus cash and cash equivalents of the Company to (2) the Company’s consolidated trailing twelve months EBITDA, as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring expenses and giving pro forma effect to operations acquired during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio was 2.9 to 1. While the 2028 Notes generally limit the Company’s ability to make restricted payments if the consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1, restricted payments are allowable within certain permitted baskets, which currently provide the Company with continued flexibility to make restricted payments when the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.
Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2030
On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $550.0 million of 5.625% senior unsecured notes due on January 1, 2030 (the “2030 Notes”), all of which are currently outstanding. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1. The 2030 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis jointly and severally by all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its Credit Facility. The 2030 Notes will permit the Company to make restricted payments, such as purchasing shares of its stock and paying cash dividends, in an unlimited amount if, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of any indebtedness to make such payment, the Company's consolidated total debt ratio is less than 3.0 to 1. The consolidated total debt ratio is defined generally in the indenture governing the 2030 Notes as the ratio of (1) the total consolidated debt of the Company minus cash and cash equivalents of the Company to (2) the Company’s consolidated trailing twelve months EBITDA, as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring expenses and giving pro forma effect to operations acquired during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio was 2.9 to 1. While the 2030 Notes generally limit the Company’s ability to make restricted payments if the consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1, restricted payments are allowable within certain permitted baskets, which currently provides the Company with continued flexibility to make restricted payments when the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1.
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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company, in the ordinary course of business, is a party to various legal and regulatory proceedings and other general claims. Although no assurances can be given, in management’s opinion, such outstanding proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to all of the claims described below, and intends to vigorously defend itself against such claims. However, legal and regulatory proceedings involve an inherent level of uncertainty and no assurances can be given regarding the ultimate outcome of any such matters or whether an adverse outcome would not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. At this stage, the Company is unable to determine whether a future loss will be incurred for any of its outstanding legal and regulatory proceedings or estimate a range of loss with respect to such proceeding, if any, and accordingly, no material amounts have been accrued in the Company’s financial statements for legal and regulatory proceedings.
On November 12, 2021, the CFPB initiated a civil action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas against FirstCash, Inc. and Cash America West, Inc., two of the Company’s subsidiaries, alleging violations of the Military Lending Act (“MLA”) in connection with pawn transactions. The CFPB also alleges that these same alleged violations of the MLA constitute breaches of a 2013 CFPB consent order entered into by its predecessor company that, among other things, allegedly required the company and its successors to cease and desist from further MLA violations. The CFPB is seeking an injunction, redress for affected borrowers and a civil monetary penalty. On March 28, 2022, the CFPB filed a motion to strike certain affirmative defenses of the Company. The Company responded by filing a motion for partial summary judgment. On October 24, 2022, the Company filed a motion to dismiss the lawsuit on the basis that the funding structure of the CFPB is unconstitutional. This motion to dismiss follows the recent decision in another case by the Fifth Circuit Court of Appeals which found that the CFPB is unconstitutionally structured. The Fifth Circuit’s decisions govern the law applied in the jurisdiction in which the CFPB action is pending against the Company. In light of the CFPB's stated intent to seek Supreme Court review of that decision, the parties stipulated to a stay of the action against the Company, which the Court entered on November 4, 2022. The Supreme Court is currently reviewing the Fifth Circuit's decision, with oral arguments having been completed on October 3, 2023. The stay of the CFPB’s action against the Company will remain in effect until the Supreme Court issues its decision with respect to the appeal. If the Supreme Court decides in favor of the CFPB, the stay will be lifted and the Company and the CFPB will continue to litigate the civil action brought against the Company by the CFPB.
Gold Forward Sales Contracts
As of September 30, 2023, the Company had contractual commitments to deliver a total of 57,600 gold ounces during the months of October 2023 through June 2025 at a weighted-average price of $2,024 per ounce. The ounces required to be delivered over this time period are within historical scrap gold volumes and the Company expects to have the required gold ounces to meet the commitments as they come due.
Note 10 - Segment Information
The Company organizes its operations into three reportable segments as follows:
•U.S. pawn
•Latin America pawn
•Retail POS payment solutions (AFF)
Corporate expenses and income, which include administrative expenses, corporate depreciation and amortization, interest expense, interest income, (gain) loss on foreign exchange, merger and acquisition expenses, gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration, and other expenses (income), net, are presented on a consolidated basis and are not allocated between the U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment or retail POS payment solutions segment. Intersegment transactions relate to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores and are eliminated to arrive at consolidated totals.
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The following tables present reportable segment information for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 as well as segment earning assets (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 203,769 |  |  | $ | 132,784 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,472) |  | (1) | $ | 335,081 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 114,022 |  |  | 60,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174,560 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,382 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,413 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 17,140 |  |  | 8,725 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,865 |
Total revenue |  | 334,931 |  |  | 202,047 |  |  | 250,795 |  |  | (1,472) |  |  | 786,301 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 115,670 |  |  | 84,816 |  |  | — |  |  | (767) |  | (1) | 199,719 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,198 |  |  | (500) |  | (1) | 103,698 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,640 |  |  | 96 |  | (1) | 39,736 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,096 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 14,297 |  |  | 7,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,405 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 129,967 |  |  | 91,924 |  |  | 176,934 |  |  | (1,171) |  |  | 397,654 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 204,964 |  |  | 110,123 |  |  | 73,861 |  |  | (301) |  |  | 388,647 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 113,976 |  |  | 63,907 |  |  | 33,641 |  |  | — |  |  | 211,524 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,056 |  |  | 45,056 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 6,586 |  |  | 5,236 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 14,772 |  |  | 27,365 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,689 |  |  | 24,689 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (328) |  |  | (328) |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (286) |  |  | (286) |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,387 |  |  | 3,387 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (384) |  |  | (384) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 120,562 |  |  | 69,143 |  |  | 34,412 |  |  | 86,906 |  |  | 311,023 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 84,402 |  |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  | $ | 39,449 |  |  | $ | (87,207) |  |  | $ | 77,624 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 610,493 |  |  | $ | 378,302 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4,935) |  | (1) | $ | 983,860 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 315,679 |  |  | 164,619 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 480,298 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 562,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 562,625 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 174,247 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 61,108 |  |  | 37,524 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98,632 |
Total revenue |  | 987,280 |  |  | 580,445 |  |  | 736,872 |  |  | (4,935) |  |  | 2,299,662 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 349,138 |  |  | 244,439 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,586) |  | (1) | 590,991 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 309,432 |  |  | (1,608) |  | (1) | 307,824 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141,854 |  |  | (180) |  | (1) | 141,674 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90,571 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,571 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 49,604 |  |  | 29,408 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79,012 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 398,742 |  |  | 273,847 |  |  | 541,857 |  |  | (4,374) |  |  | 1,210,072 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 588,538 |  |  | 306,598 |  |  | 195,015 |  |  | (561) |  |  | 1,089,590 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 331,916 |  |  | 179,170 |  |  | 104,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 615,366 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 124,428 |  |  | 124,428 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 18,786 |  |  | 15,884 |  |  | 2,258 |  |  | 44,598 |  |  | 81,526 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 66,657 |  |  | 66,657 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,253) |  |  | (1,253) |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,905) |  |  | (1,905) |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,670 |  |  | 3,670 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (260) |  |  | (260) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 350,702 |  |  | 195,054 |  |  | 106,538 |  |  | 235,935 |  |  | 888,229 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 237,836 |  |  | $ | 111,544 |  |  | $ | 88,477 |  |  | $ | (236,496) |  |  | $ | 201,361 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.

|  | As of September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans |  | $ | 341,123 |  |  | $ | 142,662 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 483,785 |
Finance receivables, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 113,307 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,307 |
Inventories |  | 217,406 |  |  | 96,976 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 314,382 |
Leased merchandise, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 144,826 |  |  | (1,657) |  | (1) | 143,169 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 195,854 |  |  | $ | 107,591 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,546) |  | (1) | $ | 300,899 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 96,222 |  |  | 49,505 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 145,727 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 158,089 |  |  | — |  |  | 158,089 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,846 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,846 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 12,956 |  |  | 5,626 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,582 |
Total revenue |  | 305,032 |  |  | 162,722 |  |  | 206,935 |  |  | (2,546) |  |  | 672,143 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 114,899 |  |  | 68,642 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,342) |  | (1) | 182,199 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 86,703 |  |  | (184) |  | (1) | 86,519 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 32,350 |  |  | (434) |  | (1) | 31,916 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 31,956 |  |  | — |  |  | 31,956 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 11,338 |  |  | 4,923 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 16,261 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 126,237 |  |  | 73,565 |  |  | 151,009 |  |  | (1,960) |  |  | 348,851 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 178,795 |  |  | 89,157 |  |  | 55,926 |  |  | (586) |  |  | 323,292 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 102,508 |  |  | 47,979 |  |  | 35,060 |  |  | — |  |  | 185,547 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,951 |  |  | 36,951 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 5,806 |  |  | 4,566 |  |  | 775 |  |  | 14,824 |  |  | 25,971 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 18,282 |  |  | 18,282 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (206) |  |  | (206) |
Loss on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 255 |  |  | 255 |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 733 |  |  | 733 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,800) |  |  | (19,800) |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 164 |  |  | 164 |
Total expenses and other income |  | 108,314 |  |  | 52,545 |  |  | 35,835 |  |  | 51,203 |  |  | 247,897 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 70,481 |  |  | $ | 36,612 |  |  | $ | 20,091 |  |  | $ | (51,789) |  |  | $ | 75,395 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 596,165 |  |  | $ | 308,356 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (2,546) |  | (1) | $ | 901,975 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 274,304 |  |  | 137,309 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 411,613 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 455,736 |  |  | — |  |  | 455,736 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 135,039 |  |  | — |  |  | 135,039 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 45,153 |  |  | 30,082 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 75,235 |
Total revenue |  | 915,622 |  |  | 475,747 |  |  | 590,775 |  |  | (2,546) |  |  | 1,979,598 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 349,007 |  |  | 196,057 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,342) |  | (1) | 543,722 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 263,014 |  |  | (184) |  | (1) | 262,830 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110,205 |  |  | (434) |  | (1) | 109,771 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 83,453 |  |  | — |  |  | 83,453 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 39,150 |  |  | 25,221 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,371 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 388,157 |  |  | 221,278 |  |  | 456,672 |  |  | (1,960) |  |  | 1,064,147 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 527,465 |  |  | 254,469 |  |  | 134,103 |  |  | (586) |  |  | 915,451 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 302,572 |  |  | 141,574 |  |  | 95,252 |  |  | — |  |  | 539,398 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 110,882 |  |  | 110,882 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 17,261 |  |  | 13,520 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  | 44,558 |  |  | 77,495 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50,749 |  |  | 50,749 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,104) |  |  | (1,104) |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (198) |  |  | (198) |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,712 |  |  | 1,712 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |  |  | (82,789) |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,721) |  |  | (2,721) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 319,833 |  |  | 155,094 |  |  | 97,408 |  |  | 121,089 |  |  | 693,424 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 207,632 |  |  | $ | 99,375 |  |  | $ | 36,695 |  |  | $ | (121,675) |  |  | $ | 222,027 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.

|  | As of September 30, 2022
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans |  | $ | 279,645 |  | $ | 124,582 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 404,227
Finance receivables, net |  | — |  | — |  | 111,945 |  | — |  | 111,945
Inventories |  | 204,359 |  | 91,069 |  | — |  | — |  | 295,428
Leased merchandise, net |  | — |  | — |  | 132,683 |  | (586) | (1) | 132,097

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022.
GENERAL
The Company’s primary line of business is the operation of retail pawn stores, also known as “pawnshops,” which focus on serving cash and credit-constrained consumers. The Company is the leading operator of pawn stores in the U.S. and Latin America. Pawn stores help customers meet small short-term cash needs by providing non-recourse pawn loans and buying merchandise directly from customers. Personal property, such as jewelry, electronics, tools, appliances, sporting goods and musical instruments, is pledged and held as collateral for the pawn loans over the typical 30-day term of the loan. Pawn stores also generate retail sales primarily from the merchandise acquired through collateral forfeitures and over-the-counter purchases from customers.
The Company is also a leading provider of technology-driven, retail POS payment solutions focused on serving credit-constrained consumers. The Company’s retail POS payment solutions business line consists solely of the operations of AFF, which focuses on LTO products and facilitating other retail financing payment options across a large network of traditional and e-commerce merchant partners in all 50 states in the U.S., the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. AFF’s retail partners provide consumer goods and services to their customers and use AFF’s LTO and retail finance solutions to facilitate payments on such transactions.
The Company’s two business lines are organized into three reportable segments. The U.S. pawn segment consists of all pawn operations in the U.S. and the Latin America pawn segment consists of all pawn operations in Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia and El Salvador. The retail POS payment solutions segment consists of the operations of AFF in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
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OPERATIONS AND LOCATIONS
Pawn Operations
As of September 30, 2023, the Company operated 2,988 pawn store locations composed of 1,181 stores in 29 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, 1,715 stores in 32 states in Mexico, 64 stores in Guatemala, 14 stores in Colombia and 14 stores in El Salvador.
The following tables detail pawn store count activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2023:

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. |  | Latin America |  | Total
Total locations, beginning of period |  | 1,101 |  |  | 1,788 |  |  | 2,889 |
New locations opened (1) |  | 3 |  |  | 22 |  |  | 25 |
Locations acquired |  | 79 |  |  | — |  |  | 79 |
Consolidation of existing pawn locations (2) |  | (2) |  |  | (3) |  |  | (5) |
Total locations, end of period |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,807 |  |  | 2,988 |
|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. |  | Latin America |  | Total
Total locations, beginning of period |  | 1,101 |  |  | 1,771 |  |  | 2,872 |
New locations opened (1) |  | 5 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 57 |
Locations acquired |  | 83 |  |  | — |  |  | 83 |
Consolidation of existing pawn locations (2) |  | (8) |  |  | (16) |  |  | (24) |
Total locations, end of period |  | 1,181 |  |  | 1,807 |  |  | 2,988 |

(1)In addition to new store openings, the Company strategically relocated one store in the U.S. during the three months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company strategically relocated three stores in the U.S. and two stores in Latin America.
(2)Store consolidations were primarily acquired locations over the past seven years which have been combined with overlapping stores and for which the Company expects to maintain a significant portion of the acquired customer base in the consolidated location.
POS Payment Solutions
As of September 30, 2023, AFF provided LTO and retail POS payment solutions for consumer goods and services through a network of approximately 10,800 active retail merchant partner locations located in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The significant accounting policies and estimates that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results have been reported in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies for the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2022
U.S. Pawn Segment
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the U.S. pawn segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales | $ | 203,769 |  |  | $ | 195,854 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 114,022 |  |  |  | 96,222 |  |  |  | 18 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 17,140 |  |  |  | 12,956 |  |  |  | 32 | % |
Total revenue |  | 334,931 |  |  |  | 305,032 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 115,670 |  |  |  | 114,899 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 14,297 |  |  |  | 11,338 |  |  |  | 26 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 129,967 |  |  |  | 126,237 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Net revenue |  | 204,964 |  |  |  | 178,795 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 113,976 |  |  |  | 102,508 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 6,586 |  |  |  | 5,806 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 120,562 |  |  |  | 108,314 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 84,402 |  |  | $ | 70,481 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 43 | % |  | 41 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 61 | % |  | 59 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 25 | % |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |

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The following table details earning assets, which consist of pawn loans and inventories as well as other earning asset metrics of the U.S. pawn segment, as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except as otherwise noted):

| As of September 30, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans | $ | 341,123 |  |  | $ | 279,645 |  |  |  | 22 | % |
Inventories |  | 217,406 |  |  |  | 204,359 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
| $ | 558,529 |  |  | $ | 484,004 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Average outstanding pawn loan amount (in ones) | $ | 245 |  |  | $ | 232 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Composition of pawn collateral: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 31 | % |  | 32 | % |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 69 | % |  | 68 | % |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
Composition of inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 45 | % |  | 43 | % |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 55 | % |  | 57 | % |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
Percentage of inventory aged greater than one year | 1 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |
Inventory turns (trailing twelve months cost of merchandise sales divided by average inventories) | 2.8 times |  | 2.7 times |  |  |  |

Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
U.S. retail merchandise sales increased 4%, totaling $203.8 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $195.9 million for the third quarter of 2022. Same-store retail sales decreased 3% in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in total retail sales was primarily due to sales contributions from acquired stores, whereas the decrease in same-store retail sales was primarily due to lower than normal inventory levels in these locations during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022, as further described below. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales in the U.S. was 43% in the third quarter of 2023 and 41% in the third quarter of 2022, reflecting continued demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise and low levels of aged inventory.
U.S. inventories increased 6% from $204.4 million at September 30, 2022 to $217.4 million at September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to inventory from acquired stores partially offset by slightly lower inventory levels in existing (same-store) locations. Inventories aged greater than one year in the U.S. were 1% at both September 30, 2023 and September 30, 2022.
Pawn Lending Operations
U.S. pawn loan receivables as of September 30, 2023 increased 22% in total and 11% on a same-store basis compared to September 30, 2022. The increase in total pawn receivables was due to incremental pawn loans from acquired stores and an increase in same-store pawn receivables, which the Company believes was primarily due to continued inflationary pressures driving additional demand for pawn loans and tightened underwriting for other competing forms of consumer credit.
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U.S. pawn loan fees increased 18% to $114.0 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $96.2 million for the third quarter of 2022. Same-store pawn fees in the third quarter of 2023 increased 11% compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in total and same-store pawn loan fees was primarily due to higher average pawn receivables, as described above, and increased portfolio yield driven by slightly improved customer redemption rates.
Segment Expenses
U.S. operating expenses increased 11% to $114.0 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $102.5 million during the third quarter of 2022 while same-store operating expenses increased 3% compared with the prior-year period. The increase in total operating expenses was primarily due to acquired stores and the increase in same-store operating expenses, which was primarily due to inflationary increases in wages and certain other operating costs and increased store-level incentive compensation driven by increased net revenues and segment profit during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The U.S. segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2023 was $84.4 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 25% compared to $70.5 million and 23% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income and margin reflected an improved net revenue margin partially offset by the increase in segment expenses.
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Latin America Operations Segment
Latin American segment pre-tax operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 benefited from a 15% favorable change in the average value of the Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. The translated value of Latin American earning assets as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022 benefited from a 13% favorable change in the end-of-period Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. Constant currency results are non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude the effects of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating current-year results at prior-year average exchange rates. See the “Constant Currency Results” section in “Non-GAAP Financial Information” below for additional discussion of constant currency operating results.
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the Latin America pawn segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 132,784 |  |  |  | $ | 107,591 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | $ | 113,130 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 60,538 |  |  |  | 49,505 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 51,468 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 8,725 |  |  |  | 5,626 |  |  |  | 55 | % |  |  | 8,725 |  |  |  | 55 | % |
Total revenue |  | 202,047 |  |  |  | 162,722 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 173,323 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 84,816 |  |  |  | 68,642 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 72,336 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 7,108 |  |  |  | 4,923 |  |  |  | 44 | % |  |  | 6,023 |  |  |  | 22 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 91,924 |  |  |  | 73,565 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 78,359 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Net revenue |  | 110,123 |  |  |  | 89,157 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 94,964 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 63,907 |  |  |  | 47,979 |  |  |  | 33 | % |  |  | 54,807 |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 5,236 |  |  |  | 4,566 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | 4,508 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 69,143 |  |  |  | 52,545 |  |  |  | 32 | % |  |  | 59,315 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  |  | $ | 36,612 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | $ | 35,649 |  |  |  | (3) | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 36 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 55 | % |  | 55 | % |  |  |  |  | 55 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 20 | % |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |  | 21 | % |  |  |  |

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The following table details earning assets, which consist of pawn loans and inventories as well as other earning asset metrics of the Latin America pawn segment, as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands, except as otherwise noted):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  | Increase /
| As of September 30, |  |  |  | 2023 | (Decrease)
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans | $ | 142,662 |  |  | $ | 124,582 |  |  |  | 15 | % |  |  | $ | 124,622 |  |  |  | — | % |
Inventories |  | 96,976 |  |  |  | 91,069 |  |  |  | 6 | % |  |  | 84,711 |  |  |  | (7) | % |
| $ | 239,638 |  |  | $ | 215,651 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | $ | 209,333 |  |  |  | (3) | % |
Average outstanding pawn loan amount (in ones) | $ | 89 |  |  | $ | 79 |  |  |  | 13 | % |  |  | $ | 78 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Composition of pawn collateral: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 66 | % |  | 69 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 34 | % |  | 31 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Composition of inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 68 | % |  | 71 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 32 | % |  | 29 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of inventory aged greater than one year | 1 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory turns (trailing twelve months cost of merchandise sales divided by average inventories) | 4.3 times |  | 4.0 times |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
Latin America retail merchandise sales increased 23% (5% on a constant currency basis) to $132.8 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $107.6 million for the third quarter of 2022. Same-store retail sales also increased 23% (5% on a constant currency basis) during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in total and same-store retail sales was primarily due to greater demand for value-priced consumer goods, with such demand believed to be driven in part by inflationary pressures on the Company’s customers, and the impact of increases in government-mandated minimum wage and benefit programs in Mexico benefiting many cash-constrained consumers. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales was 36% during both the third quarter of 2023 and the third quarter of 2022.
Latin America inventories increased 6% (7% decrease on a constant currency basis) from $91.1 million at September 30, 2022 to $97.0 million at September 30, 2023. The decrease in constant currency inventories was primarily due to the greater demand for value-priced consumer goods mentioned above and slightly lower pawn loan forfeiture rates in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022. Inventories aged greater than one year in Latin America were 1% at both September 30, 2023 and 2022.
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Pawn Lending Operations
Latin America pawn loan receivables increased 15% (less than 1% on a constant currency basis) as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. On a same-store basis, pawn loan receivables increased 14% (decreased less than 1% on a constant currency basis) as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. The relatively flat constant currency total and same-store pawn receivables is believed to be driven in part by the impact of increases in government-mandated minimum wage and benefit programs in Mexico benefiting many cash-constrained consumers.
Latin America pawn loan fees increased 22% (4% on a constant currency basis), totaling $60.5 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $49.5 million for the third quarter of 2022. Same-store pawn fees also increased 22% (4% on a constant currency basis) in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022. The increase in total and same-store constant currency pawn loan fees was primarily due to improved pawn yields.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses increased 33% (14% on a constant currency basis) to $63.9 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $48.0 million during the third quarter of 2022. Same-store operating expenses increased 31% (13% on a constant currency basis) compared to the prior-year period. The increase in total and same-store operating expenses was primarily driven by general inflationary impacts and increases in the federally mandated minimum wage and other required benefit programs.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2023 was $41.0 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 20% compared to $36.6 million and 22% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income reflected an increase in net revenue partially offset by an increase in segment expenses, which caused a decrease in the segment pre-tax operating margin.
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Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment
Retail POS Payment Solutions Operating Results
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income of the retail POS payment solutions segment for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted (1)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  | Increase /
| September 30, |  | Increase / |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease)
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise income | $ | 189,382 |  |  | $ | 158,089 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | $ | 158,089 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 61,413 |  |  | 48,846 |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 55,957 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Total revenue | 250,795 |  |  | 206,935 |  |  |  | 21 | % |  |  | 214,046 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise | 104,198 |  |  | 86,703 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 85,864 |  |  |  | 21 | % |
Provision for lease losses | 39,640 |  |  | 32,350 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 32,350 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Provision for loan losses | 33,096 |  |  | 31,956 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 31,956 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Total cost of revenue | 176,934 |  |  | 151,009 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 150,170 |  |  |  | 18 | % |
Net revenue | 73,861 |  |  | 55,926 |  |  |  | 32 | % |  |  | 63,876 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 33,641 |  |  | 35,060 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | 35,060 |  |  |  | (4) | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 771 |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | (1) | % |  |  | 775 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Total segment expenses | 34,412 |  |  | 35,835 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | 35,835 |  |  |  | (4) | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 39,449 |  |  | $ | 20,091 |  |  |  | 96 | % |  |  | $ | 28,041 |  |  |  | 41 | % |

(1)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s as reported amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2022 contain significant fair value adjustments. The adjusted amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments.
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The following table provides a detail of gross transaction volumes originated during the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase
Leased merchandise | $ | 147,513 |  |  | $ | 136,219 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Finance receivables | 103,183 |  |  | 84,552 |  |  |  | 22 | % |
Total gross transaction volume | $ | 250,696 |  |  | $ | 220,771 |  |  |  | 14 | % |

The following table details retail POS payment solutions earning assets as of September 30, 2023 as compared to September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted (2)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
| As of September 30, |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Leased merchandise, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses | $ | 250,298 |  |  | $ | 210,703 |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | $ | 217,412 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Less allowance for lease losses | (105,472) |  |  | (78,020) |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | (85,630) |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Leased merchandise, net (1) | $ | 144,826 |  |  | $ | 132,683 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | $ | 131,782 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Finance receivables, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance receivables, before allowance for loan losses | $ | 209,991 |  |  | $ | 190,358 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | $ | 182,500 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Less allowance for loan losses | (96,684) |  |  | (78,413) |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | (78,413) |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Finance receivables, net | $ | 113,307 |  |  | $ | 111,945 |  |  |  | 1 | % |  |  | $ | 104,087 |  |  |  | 9 | % |

(1)Includes $1.7 million and $0.6 million of intersegment transactions as of September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding the intersegment transactions, consolidated net leased merchandise as of September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $143.2 million and $132.1 million, respectively.
(2)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s September 30, 2022 as reported earning assets contain significant fair value adjustments, which were fully amortized during 2022. The adjusted amounts as of September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments.
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The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease and loan losses and other portfolio metrics for the three months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted (5) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
| September 30, |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Allowance for lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 110,964 |  |  |  | $ | 69,101 |  |  |  | 61 | % |  |  | $ | 86,014 |  |  |  | 29 | % |
Provision for lease losses (1) |  | 39,640 |  |  |  | 32,350 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | 32,350 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Charge-offs |  | (46,794) |  |  |  | (24,551) |  |  |  | 91 | % |  |  | (33,854) |  |  |  | 38 | % |
Recoveries |  | 1,662 |  |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 48 | % |  |  | 1,120 |  |  |  | 48 | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 105,472 |  |  |  | $ | 78,020 |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | $ | 85,630 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Leased merchandise portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision expense as percentage of originations (2) | 27 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 5.9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 5.2 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 21.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18.9 | % |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 93,054 |  |  |  | $ | 73,936 |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses |  | 33,096 |  |  |  | 31,956 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (30,890) |  |  |  | (28,642) |  |  |  | 8 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries |  | 1,424 |  |  |  | 1,163 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  |  | $ | 78,413 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance receivables portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision expense as percentage of originations (2) | 32 | % |  | 38 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 4.7 | % |  | 5.0 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 19.4 | % |  | 19.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Includes $0.1 million of provision reduction and $0.4 million of provision increase from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding the intersegment transactions, the provision for lease losses for the three months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $39.7 million and $31.9 million, respectively.
(2)Calculated as provision for lease or loan losses as a percentage of the respective gross transaction volume originated.
(3)Calculated as charge-offs, net of recoveries, as a percentage of the respective average earning asset balance before allowance for lease or loan losses (adjusted to exclude any fair value purchase accounting adjustments, as applicable).
(4)Calculated as the percentage of the respective contractual earning asset balance owed that is 1 to 89 days past due (the Company charges off leases and finance receivables when they are 90 days or more contractually past due).
(5)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s as reported allowance for lease losses for the three months ended September 30, 2022 contains significant fair value adjustments. The adjusted amounts for the three months ended September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments. As a result of the significance of these accounting adjustments, the Company does not believe that the unadjusted leased merchandise portfolio metrics for the three months ended September 30, 2022 provide a useful comparison against the September 30, 2023 amounts.
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LTO Operations
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses, increased 19% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses, increased 15% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily due to increased transaction volumes from new merchant locations added since September 30, 2022.
The allowance for lease losses increased 35% to $105.5 million as of September 30, 2023 compared to $78.0 million as of September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, the allowance for lease losses increased 23% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily due to the 8% increase in gross transaction volume and an increase in lease loss provisioning rates used during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Leased merchandise income increased 20% to $189.4 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $158.1 million for the third quarter of 2022, which was primarily due to the higher leased merchandise balances.
Depreciation of leased merchandise increased 20% to $104.2 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $86.7 million during the third quarter of 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, depreciation of leased merchandise increased 21%. The increase was primarily due to higher leased merchandise balances. As a percentage of leased merchandise income, depreciation of leased merchandise increased slightly from 54% during the third quarter of 2022 (adjusted to exclude purchase accounting adjustments) to 55% during the third quarter of 2023.
Provision for lease losses increased 23% to $39.6 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $32.4 million for the third quarter of 2022, which was primarily due to the 8% increase in gross transaction volumes and an increase in lease loss provisioning rates used during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 as a result of slightly higher net charge-off rates during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 and slightly higher delinquency rates as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for lease losses increased from 24% during the third quarter of 2022 to 27% during the third quarter of 2023.
Retail Finance Operations
Finance receivables, before allowance for loan losses, increased 10% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, finance receivables, before allowance for loan losses, increased 15% as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. This increase in the outstanding receivable balance was primarily due to increased transaction volumes from new merchant locations added since September 30, 2022.
The allowance for loan losses increased 23% to $96.7 million as of September 30, 2023 compared to $78.4 million as of September 30, 2022. This increase was primarily due to the 22% increase in gross transaction volume compared to the third quarter of 2022.
Interest and fees on finance receivables increased 26% to $61.4 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $48.8 million for the third quarter of 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, interest and fees on finance receivables increased 10%, which was primarily due to the higher finance receivable balances.
Provision for loan losses increased 4% to $33.1 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $32.0 million for the third quarter of 2022, which was primarily due to the 22% increase in gross transaction volumes, partially offset by a decrease in loan loss provisioning rates used during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022 as a result of slightly improved net charge-off rates during the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for loan losses decreased from 38% during the third quarter of 2022 to 32% during the third quarter of 2023.
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Segment Expenses
Operating expenses decreased 4% to $33.6 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $35.1 million during the third quarter of 2022, which was primarily due to lower receivable acquisition costs and the realization of information technology cost synergies from the Company’s acquisition of AFF, partially offset by the 14% increase in gross transaction volumes. As a percentage of segment revenues, operating expenses decreased from 16% during the third quarter of 2022 (adjusted to exclude purchase accounting adjustments) to 13% during the third quarter of 2023.
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Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2023 was $39.4 million compared to $20.1 million in the third quarter of 2022. The increase was primarily the result of fair value purchase accounting and increased segment income resulting from increases in net revenue and decreases in segment expenses. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2022 was $28.0 million.
Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table reconciles pre-tax operating income of the Company’s U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment and retail POS payment solutions segment, discussed above, to consolidated net income for the three months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease)
Consolidated Results of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. pawn | $ | 84,402 |  |  | $ | 70,481 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Latin America pawn | 40,980 |  |  | 36,612 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Retail POS payment solutions (1) | 39,449 |  |  | 20,091 |  |  |  | 96 | % |
Intersegment elimination (2) | (301) |  |  | (586) |  |  |  | (49) | % |
Consolidated segment pre-tax operating income | 164,530 |  |  | 126,598 |  |  |  | 30 | % |
Corporate expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative expenses | 45,056 |  |  | 36,951 |  |  |  | 22 | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 14,772 |  |  | 14,824 |  |  |  | — | % |
Interest expense | 24,689 |  |  | 18,282 |  |  |  | 35 | % |
Interest income | (328) |  |  | (206) |  |  |  | 59 | % |
(Gain) loss on foreign exchange | (286) |  |  | 255 |  |  |  | (212) | % |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 3,387 |  |  | 733 |  |  |  | 362 | % |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration | — |  |  | (19,800) |  |  |  | (100) | % |
Other expenses (income), net | (384) |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | (334) | % |
Total corporate expenses and other income | 86,906 |  |  | 51,203 |  |  |  | 70 | % |
Income before income taxes | 77,624 |  |  | 75,395 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Provision for income taxes | 20,480 |  |  | 16,079 |  |  |  | 27 | % |
Net income | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  |  | (4) | % |

(1)The AFF segment results for the three months ended September 30, 2022 are significantly impacted by certain purchase accounting adjustments, as noted in the retail POS payment solutions segment results of operations above. Adjusted retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income, excluding such purchase accounting adjustments, was $28.0 million for the three months ended September 30, 2022.
(2)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores. For further detail, see Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Corporate Expenses and Taxes
Administrative expenses increased 22% to $45.1 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $37.0 million in the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to increased incentive compensation expense, the increase in pawn store count, including recent acquisitions, and a 15% change in the average value of the Mexican peso resulting in higher U.S. dollar translated administrative expenses in Latin America. As a percentage of revenue, administrative expenses increased from 5% during the third quarter of 2022 to 6% during the third quarter of 2023.
Interest expense increased 35% to $24.7 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $18.3 million in the third quarter of 2022, primarily due to both higher floating interest rates and increased amounts outstanding on the Company’s unsecured bank credit facilities. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Merger and acquisition expenses increased 362% to $3.4 million during the third quarter of 2023 compared to $0.7 million in the third quarter of 2022, due to timing of acquisition activity.
The Company recognized a gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration of $19.8 million during the third quarter of 2022 as a result of a decrease in the liability for the estimated fair value of contingent consideration related to the AFF acquisition. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated effective income tax rates for the third quarter of 2023 and 2022 were 26.4% and 21.3%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a $1.0 million permanent domestic tax benefit recognized in the third quarter of 2022 related to the $19.8 million gain on revaluation of certain contingent consideration related to the AFF acquisition, as described above, and a decreased foreign permanent tax benefit recorded in the third quarter of 2023 compared to the third quarter of 2022, related to a decreased inflation index adjustment allowed in Mexico as a result of moderating inflation in Mexico.
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Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2022
U.S. Pawn Segment
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the U.S. pawn segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales | $ | 610,493 |  |  | $ | 596,165 |  |  |  | 2 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 315,679 |  |  |  | 274,304 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 61,108 |  |  |  | 45,153 |  |  |  | 35 | % |
Total revenue |  | 987,280 |  |  |  | 915,622 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 349,138 |  |  |  | 349,007 |  |  |  | — | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 49,604 |  |  |  | 39,150 |  |  |  | 27 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 398,742 |  |  |  | 388,157 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Net revenue |  | 588,538 |  |  |  | 527,465 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 331,916 |  |  |  | 302,572 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 18,786 |  |  |  | 17,261 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 350,702 |  |  |  | 319,833 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 237,836 |  |  | $ | 207,632 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 43 | % |  | 41 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 60 | % |  | 58 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 24 | % |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |

Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
U.S. retail merchandise sales increased 2% to $610.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $596.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Same-store retail sales decreased 2% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total retail sales was primarily due to sales contributions from acquired stores, whereas the decrease in same-store retail sales was primarily due to lower than normal inventory levels in these locations during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales in the U.S. was 43% compared to a margin of 41% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 reflecting continued demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise and low levels of aged inventory.
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Pawn Lending Operations
U.S. pawn loan fees increased 15% to $315.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $274.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Same-store pawn fees increased 11% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total and same-store pawn loan fees was primarily due to higher average pawn receivables and increased portfolio yield driven by slightly improved customer redemption rates.
Segment Expenses
U.S. store operating expenses increased 10% to $331.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $302.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 while same-store operating expenses increased 5% compared with the prior-year period. The increase in total operating expenses was primarily due to acquired stores and the increase in same-store operating expenses, which was primarily due to inflationary increases in wages and certain other operating costs and increased store-level incentive compensation driven by increased net revenues and segment profit, during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The U.S. segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $237.8 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 24% compared to $207.6 million and 23% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income and margin reflected an improved net revenue margin partially offset by the increase in segment expenses.
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Latin America Operations Segment
Latin American segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 benefited from a 12% favorable change in the average value of the Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar.
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the Latin America pawn segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
|  | September 30, |  |  |  | 2023 |  | Increase
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 378,302 |  |  |  | $ | 308,356 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | $ | 335,675 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 164,619 |  |  |  | 137,309 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 145,876 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 37,524 |  |  |  | 30,082 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 37,524 |  |  |  | 25 | % |
Total revenue |  | 580,445 |  |  |  | 475,747 |  |  |  | 22 | % |  |  | 519,075 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 244,439 |  |  |  | 196,057 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 217,075 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 29,408 |  |  |  | 25,221 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 25,945 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 273,847 |  |  |  | 221,278 |  |  |  | 24 | % |  |  | 243,020 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Net revenue |  | 306,598 |  |  |  | 254,469 |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  | 276,055 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 179,170 |  |  |  | 141,574 |  |  |  | 27 | % |  |  | 160,068 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 15,884 |  |  |  | 13,520 |  |  |  | 17 | % |  |  | 14,306 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 195,054 |  |  |  | 155,094 |  |  |  | 26 | % |  |  | 174,374 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income |  | $ | 111,544 |  |  |  | $ | 99,375 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  | $ | 101,681 |  |  |  | 2 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 35 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 53 | % |  | 53 | % |  |  |  |  | 53 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 19 | % |  | 21 | % |  |  |  |  | 20 | % |  |  |  |

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Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
Latin America retail merchandise sales increased 23% (9% on a constant currency basis) to $378.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $308.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Same-store retail sales increased 22% (8% on a constant currency basis) during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total and same-store retail sales was primarily due to greater demand for value-priced consumer goods, with such demand believed to be driven in part by inflationary pressures on the Company’s customers and the impact of increases in government-mandated minimum wage and benefit programs in Mexico benefiting many cash-constrained consumers. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales was 35% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 36% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Pawn Lending Operations
Latin America pawn loan fees increased 20% (6% on a constant currency basis) to $164.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $137.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Same-store pawn fees also increased 20% (6% on a constant currency basis) during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase in total and same-store constant currency pawn loan fees was primarily due to improved pawn yields.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses increased 27% (13% on a constant currency basis) to $179.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $141.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. Same-store operating expenses increased 25% (12% on a constant currency basis) compared to the prior-year period. The increase in total and same-store operating expenses was primarily driven by general inflationary impacts and increases in the federally mandated minimum wage and other required benefit programs.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $111.5 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 19% compared to $99.4 million and 21% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income reflected an increase in net revenue partially offset by an increase in segment expenses, which caused a decrease in the segment pre-tax operating margin.
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Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment
Retail POS Payment Solutions Operating Results
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income of the retail POS payment solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted (1)
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
| September 30, |  |  |  | 2022 |  | Increase
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise income | $ | 562,625 |  |  | $ | 455,736 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  | $ | 455,736 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 174,247 |  |  | 135,039 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 169,837 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Total revenue | 736,872 |  |  | 590,775 |  |  |  | 25 | % |  |  | 625,573 |  |  |  | 18 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise | 309,432 |  |  | 263,014 |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  | 256,218 |  |  |  | 21 | % |
Provision for lease losses | 141,854 |  |  | 110,205 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 110,205 |  |  |  | 29 | % |
Provision for loan losses | 90,571 |  |  | 83,453 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 83,453 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Total cost of revenue | 541,857 |  |  | 456,672 |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 449,876 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Net revenue | 195,015 |  |  | 134,103 |  |  |  | 45 | % |  |  | 175,697 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 104,280 |  |  | 95,252 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 95,252 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,258 |  |  | 2,156 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 2,156 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Total segment expenses | 106,538 |  |  | 97,408 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  | 97,408 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 88,477 |  |  | $ | 36,695 |  |  |  | 141 | % |  |  | $ | 78,289 |  |  |  | 13 | % |

(1)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s as reported amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 contain significant fair value adjustments. The adjusted amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments.
The following table provides a detail of gross transaction volumes originated during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |
| September 30, |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Increase
Leased merchandise | $ | 452,792 |  |  | $ | 371,935 |  |  |  | 22 | % |
Finance receivables | 303,485 |  |  | 239,618 |  |  |  | 27 | % |
Total gross transaction volume | $ | 756,277 |  |  | $ | 611,553 |  |  |  | 24 | % |

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The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease and loan losses and other portfolio metrics for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Adjusted (5) |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase / |  | 2022 |  | Increase
|  | 2023 |  |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Allowance for lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 79,576 |  |  |  | $ | 5,442 |  |  |  | 1,362 | % |  |  | $ | 66,968 |  |  |  | 19 | % |
Provision for lease losses (1) |  | 141,854 |  |  |  | 110,205 |  |  |  | 29 | % |  |  | 110,205 |  |  |  | 29 | % |
Charge-offs |  | (120,966) |  |  |  | (40,872) |  |  |  | 196 | % |  |  | (94,788) |  |  |  | 28 | % |
Recoveries |  | 5,008 |  |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | 54 | % |  |  | 3,245 |  |  |  | 54 | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 105,472 |  |  |  | $ | 78,020 |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  | $ | 85,630 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Leased merchandise portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision expense as percentage of originations (2) | 31 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 30 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 5.3 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 4.8 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 21.1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18.9 | % |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 84,833 |  |  |  | $ | 75,574 |  |  |  | 12 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision for loan losses |  | 90,571 |  |  |  | 83,453 |  |  |  | 9 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Charge-offs |  | (83,281) |  |  |  | (84,629) |  |  |  | (2) | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Recoveries |  | 4,561 |  |  |  | 4,015 |  |  |  | 14 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  |  | $ | 78,413 |  |  |  | 23 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance receivables portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision rate (2) | 30 | % |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 4.4 | % |  | 4.5 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 19.4 | % |  | 19.2 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(1)Includes $0.2 million and $0.4 million of provision increase from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding the intersegment transactions, the provision for lease losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 totaled $141.7 million and $109.8 million, respectively.
(2)Calculated as provision for lease or loan losses as a percentage of the respective gross transaction volume originated.
(3)Calculated as charge-offs, net of recoveries, as a percentage of the respective average earning asset balance before allowance for lease or loan losses (adjusted to exclude any fair value purchase accounting adjustments, as applicable).
(4)Calculated as the percentage of the respective contractual earning asset balance owed that is 1 to 89 days past due (the Company charges off leases and finance receivables when they are 90 days or more contractually past due).
(5)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s as reported allowance for lease losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 contains significant fair value adjustments. The adjusted amounts for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments. As a result of the significance of these accounting adjustments, the Company does not believe that the unadjusted leased merchandise portfolio metrics for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 provide a useful comparison against the September 30, 2023 amounts.
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LTO Operations
Leased merchandise income increased 23% to $562.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $455.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to the higher leased merchandise balances.
Depreciation of leased merchandise increased 18% to $309.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $263.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, depreciation of leased merchandise increased 21%. The increase was primarily due to higher leased merchandise balances. As a percentage of leased merchandise income, depreciation of leased merchandise decreased slightly from 56% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (adjusted to exclude purchase accounting adjustments) to 55% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Provision for lease losses increased 29% to $141.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $110.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to the 22% increase in gross transaction volumes and an increase in lease loss provisioning rates used during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as a result of slightly higher net charge-off rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 and slightly higher delinquency rates as of September 30, 2023 compared to September 30, 2022. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for lease losses increased from 30% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 31% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Retail Finance Operations
Interest and fees on finance receivables increased 29% to $174.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $135.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, interest and fees on finance receivables increased 3%. The increase was primarily due to timing of transaction volume originations in 2022 resulting in a decline in the average finance receivable balance during most of 2022.
Provision for loan losses increased 9% to $90.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $83.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to the 27% increase in gross transaction volumes, partially offset by a decrease in loan loss provisioning rates used during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as a result of slightly improved net charge-off rates during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for loan losses decreased from 35% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 30% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses increased 9% to $104.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $95.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, which was primarily due to the 24% increase in gross transaction volumes, partially offset by lower receivable acquisition costs and the realization of information technology cost synergies from the Company’s acquisition of AFF. As a percentage of segment revenues, operating expenses decreased from 15% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (adjusted to exclude purchase accounting adjustments) to 14% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 was $88.5 million compared to $36.7 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The increase was primarily the result of fair value purchase accounting and increased segment income resulting from increases in net revenue partially offset by the increase in segment expenses. On an adjusted basis, excluding the impacts of fair value purchase accounting, segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 was $78.3 million.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table reconciles pre-tax operating income of the Company’s U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment and retail POS payment solutions segment, discussed above, to consolidated net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022 (dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Decrease)
Consolidated Results of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. operations |  | $ | 237,836 |  |  | $ | 207,632 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Latin America pawn |  | 111,544 |  |  | 99,375 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Retail POS payment solutions (1) |  | 88,477 |  |  | 36,695 |  |  |  | 141 | % |
Intersegment eliminations (2) |  | (561) |  |  | (586) |  |  |  | (4) | % |
Consolidated segment pre-tax operating income |  | 437,296 |  |  | 343,116 |  |  |  | 27 | % |
Corporate expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative expenses |  | 124,428 |  |  | 110,882 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 44,598 |  |  | 44,558 |  |  |  | — | % |
Interest expense |  | 66,657 |  |  | 50,749 |  |  |  | 31 | % |
Interest income |  | (1,253) |  |  | (1,104) |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | (1,905) |  |  | (198) |  |  |  | 862 | % |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | 3,670 |  |  | 1,712 |  |  |  | 114 | % |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |  |  |  | (100) | % |
Other expenses (income), net |  | (260) |  |  | (2,721) |  |  |  | (90) | % |
Total corporate expenses and other income |  | 235,935 |  |  | 121,089 |  |  |  | 95 | % |
Income before income taxes |  | 201,361 |  |  | 222,027 |  |  |  | (9) | % |
Provision for income taxes |  | 51,649 |  |  | 48,598 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Net income |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |  |  |  | (14) | % |

(1)The AFF segment results for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 are significantly impacted by certain purchase accounting adjustments, as noted in the retail POS payment solutions segment results of operations above. Adjusted retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income, excluding such purchase accounting adjustments, was $78.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
(2)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution as a payment option in its U.S. pawn stores. For further detail, see Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
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Corporate Expenses and Taxes
Administrative expenses increased 12% to $124.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $110.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to increased incentive compensation expense, the increase in pawn store count, including recent acquisitions, and a 12% change in the average value of the Mexican peso resulting in higher U.S. dollar translated administrative expenses in Latin America. As a percentage of revenue, administrative expenses decreased from 6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to 5% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Interest expense increased 31% to $66.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $50.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, primarily due to both higher floating interest rates and increased amounts outstanding on the Company’s unsecured bank credit facilities. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
Merger and acquisition expenses increased 114% to $3.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $1.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022, due to timing of acquisition activity in the third quarter of 2023.
The Company recognized a gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration of $82.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022 as a result of a decrease in the liability for the estimated fair value of certain contingent consideration related to the AFF acquisition. See Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Consolidated effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2022 were 25.7% and 21.9%, respectively. The increase in the effective tax rate was primarily due to a $4.3 million permanent domestic tax benefit recognized in the nine months ended September 30, 2022 related to the $82.8 million gain on revaluation of certain contingent consideration related to the AFF acquisition, as described above, and a decreased foreign permanent tax benefit recorded in the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2022, related to a decreased inflation index adjustment allowed in Mexico as a result of moderating inflation.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Material Capital Requirements
The Company’s primary capital requirements include:
•Expand pawn operations through growth of pawn receivables and inventories in existing stores, new store openings, strategic acquisitions of pawn stores and purchases of underlying real estate at existing locations;
•Expand retail POS payment solutions operations through growth of the business generated from new and existing merchant partners; and
•Return capital to shareholders through dividends and stock repurchases.
Other material capital requirements include operating expenses (see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding operating lease commitments), maintenance capital expenditures related to its facilities, technology platforms, general corporate operating activities, income tax payments and debt service, among others. Net interest expense is expected to increase in 2023 compared to 2022 due to increased borrowings primarily to fund recent acquisitions and higher floating interest rates on the borrowings under the revolving credit facilities. The Company believes that net cash provided by operating activities and available and unused funds under its revolving unsecured credit facilities will be adequate to meet its liquidity and capital needs for these items over the next 12 months and also in the longer-term beyond the next 12 months.
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Expand Pawn Operations
The Company intends to continue expansion of its pawn operations through new store openings and acquisitions.
For 2023, the Company has opened 57 new (“de novo”) stores in total through September 30, 2023 and for the full year of 2023 expects to add approximately 65 total new locations. Future store openings are subject to the Company’s ability to identify locations in markets with attractive demographics, available real estate with favorable leases and limited competition.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company acquired 83 pawn stores in the U.S. and acquired two pawn licenses to open pawn stores in the state of Nevada for a cumulative purchase price of $168.1 million, net of cash acquired and subject to future post-closing adjustments. The Company evaluates potential acquisitions based upon growth potential, purchase price, available liquidity, strategic fit and quality of management personnel, among other factors.
Although viewed by management as a discretionary expenditure not required to operate its pawn stores, the Company may continue to strategically purchase real estate from its landlords at existing stores or in conjunction with pawn store acquisitions as opportunities arise at reasonable valuations. The Company purchased the real estate at 24 store locations, primarily from landlords at existing stores, for a cumulative purchase price of $46.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Expand Retail POS Payment Solutions Operations
AFF expects to expand its business primarily by promoting and expanding relationships with both new and existing customers and retail merchant partners. In addition, AFF has made, and intends to continue to make, investments in its customer and merchant support operations and facilities, its technology platforms and its proprietary decisioning platforms and processes. In addition to utilizing cash flows generated from its own operations to fund expected 2023 growth, AFF has access to the additional sources of liquidity described below if needed to fund further expansion activities.
Return of Capital to Shareholders
In October 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $0.35 per share fourth quarter cash dividend on common shares outstanding, or an aggregate of $15.8 million based on the September 30, 2023 share count, to be paid on November 30, 2023 to stockholders of record as of November 15, 2023. While the Company currently expects to continue the payment of quarterly cash dividends, the amount, declaration and payment of cash dividends in the future (quarterly or otherwise) will be made by the Board of Directors, from time to time, subject to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, business requirements, compliance with legal requirements, debt covenant restrictions and other relevant factors.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 1,248,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $114.4 million and an average cost per share of $91.58. The aggregate cost and average cost per share does not include the effect of the 1% excise tax on certain share repurchases enacted under the inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company incurred $1.1 million of excise taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2022, the Company repurchased 2,035,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $144.7 million and an average cost per share of $71.12.
All repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 were conducted under the Company’s $100.0 million share repurchase program authorized in April 2022 and the $100.0 million share repurchase program authorized in October 2022 and such repurchases complete the authorizations under these programs. In July 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a new common stock repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, of which the entire $200.0 million is currently remaining. While the Company intends to continue repurchases under its active share repurchase program, future share repurchases are subject to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the level of cash balances, liquidity needs, including funding acquisitions, credit availability, debt covenant restrictions, general business and economic conditions, regulatory requirements, the market price of the Company’s stock, dividend policy and the availability of alternative investment opportunities.
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Sources of Liquidity
The Company regularly evaluates opportunities to optimize its capital structure, including through consideration of the issuance of debt or equity, to refinance existing debt and to enter into interest rate hedge transactions, such as interest rate swap agreements. As of September 30, 2023, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity were $86.5 million in cash and cash equivalents and $60.9 million of available and unused funds under the Company’s revolving unsecured credit facilities, subject to certain financial covenants (see Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company had working capital of $917.3 million as of September 30, 2023.
On October 18, 2023, the Company amended its domestic Credit Facility. The total lender commitment under the amended facility, which is provided by a group of twelve commercial banks, was increased by $50.0 million, from $590.0 million to $640.0 million. The amended credit facility remains unsecured and all other terms remained unchanged. In addition, in August 2023, the Company renewed and extended into 2027, the Mexico Credit Facility in the amount of $600.0 million Mexican pesos.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2023 included $24.1 million held by its foreign subsidiaries. These cash balances, which are primarily held in Mexican pesos, are associated with foreign earnings the Company has asserted are indefinitely reinvested and which the Company primarily plans to use to support its continued growth plans outside the U.S. through funding of capital expenditures, acquisitions, operating expenses or other similar cash needs of the Company’s foreign operations.
The Company’s liquidity is affected by a number of factors, including changes in general customer traffic and demand, pawn loan balances, loan-to-value ratios, collection of pawn fees, merchandise sales, inventory levels, LTO merchandise, finance receivable balances, collection of lease and finance receivable payments, seasonality, operating expenses, administrative expenses, expenses related to merger and acquisition activities, litigation-related expenses, tax rates, gold prices, foreign currency exchange rates and the pace of new pawn store expansion and acquisitions. Additionally, a prolonged reduction in earnings and EBITDA could limit the Company’s future ability to fully borrow on its credit facilities under current leverage covenants. Regulatory developments affecting the Company’s operations may also impact profitability and liquidity. See “Regulatory Developments.”
If needed, the Company could seek to raise additional funds from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to, repatriation of excess cash held in Latin America, the sale of assets, reductions in operating expenses, capital expenditures and dividends, the forbearance or deferral of operating expenses, the issuance of debt or equity securities, utilizing other structured financing arrangements, the leveraging of currently unencumbered real estate owned by the Company and/or changes to its management of current assets. The characteristics of the Company’s current assets, specifically the ability to rapidly liquidate gold jewelry inventory, which accounts for 48% of total inventory, give the Company flexibility to quickly increase cash flow if necessary.
Cash Flows and Liquidity Metrics
The following tables set forth certain historical information with respect to the Company’s sources and uses of cash and other key indicators of liquidity (dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flow provided by operating activities |  | $ | 317,037 |  |  | $ | 325,798 |
Cash flow used in investing activities |  | $ | (409,173) |  |  | $ | (238,732) |
Cash flow provided by (used in) financing activities |  | $ | 58,707 |  |  | $ | (107,575) |

|  | As of September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022
Working capital |  | $ | 917,270 |  |  | $ | 810,929 |
Current ratio | 3.9:1 | 3.5:1

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Cash Flow Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased $8.8 million, or 3%, from $325.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $317.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, as a decrease in net income of $23.7 million was partially offset by net changes in certain non-cash adjustments to reconcile net income to operating cash flow and net changes in other operating assets and liabilities (as detailed in the consolidated statements of cash flows).
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities increased $170.4 million, or 71%, from $238.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to $409.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Cash flows from investing activities are utilized primarily to fund acquisitions, purchase of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements, which includes capital expenditures for improvements to existing stores and for new pawn store openings and other corporate assets, and discretionary purchases of store real property. In addition, cash flows related to the funding of new pawn loans, net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral and changes in net finance receivables, are included in investing activities. The Company paid $46.7 million for furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements and $46.7 million for discretionary pawn store real property purchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $29.6 million and $77.7 million in the prior-year period, respectively. The Company paid $168.4 million in cash related to pawn store acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to $7.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company funded a net increase in pawn loans of $59.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $74.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company funded a net increase in finance receivables of $88.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and $49.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022.
Cash Flow Provided by Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities increased $166.3 million, or 155%, from net cash used in financing activities of $107.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2022 to net cash provided by financing activities of $58.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Net borrowings on the credit facilities were $222.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 compared to net borrowings of $79.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. The Company funded $115.5 million for share repurchases and paid dividends of $46.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, compared to funding $140.4 million of share repurchases and dividends paid of $44.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2022. In addition, the Company paid withholding taxes on net share settlements of restricted stock awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 of $2.5 million.
REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS
The Company’s pawn, LTO and retail finance businesses are subject to significant regulation in all of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Existing regulations and regulatory developments are further and more completely described under “Governmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 6, 2023 and in subsequent documents filed with the SEC.
There have been no other material changes in regulatory developments directly affecting the Company since December 31, 2022.
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NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company uses certain financial calculations such as adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow, adjusted free cash flow, adjusted retail POS payment solutions segment metrics and constant currency results as factors in the measurement and evaluation of the Company’s operating performance and period-over-period growth. The Company derives these financial calculations on the basis of methodologies other than GAAP, primarily by excluding from a comparable GAAP measure certain items the Company does not consider to be representative of its actual operating performance. These financial calculations are “non-GAAP financial measures” as defined under the SEC rules. The Company uses these non-GAAP financial measures in operating its business because management believes they are less susceptible to variances in actual operating performance that can result from the excluded items, other infrequent charges and currency fluctuations. The Company presents these financial measures to investors because management believes they are useful to investors in evaluating the primary factors that drive the Company’s core operating performance and provide greater transparency into the Company’s results of operations. However, items that are excluded and other adjustments and assumptions that are made in calculating these non-GAAP financial measures are significant components in understanding and assessing the Company’s financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute for, the Company’s GAAP financial measures. Further, because these non-GAAP financial measures are not determined in accordance with GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, the non-GAAP financial measures, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies.
While acquisitions are an important part of the Company’s overall strategy, the Company has adjusted the applicable financial calculations to exclude merger and acquisition expenses, including the Company’s transaction expenses incurred in connection with its acquisition of AFF and the impacts of purchase accounting with respect to the AFF acquisition, in order to allow more accurate comparisons of the financial results to prior periods. In addition, the Company does not consider these merger and acquisition expenses to be related to the organic operations of the acquired businesses or its continuing operations, and such expenses are generally not relevant to assessing or estimating the long-term performance of the acquired businesses. Merger and acquisition expenses include incremental costs directly associated with merger and acquisition activities, including professional fees, legal expenses, severance, retention and other employee-related costs, contract breakage costs and costs related to the consolidation of technology systems and corporate facilities, among others.
The Company has certain leases in Mexico which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The lease liability of these U.S.-dollar-denominated leases, which is considered a monetary liability, is remeasured into Mexican pesos using current period exchange rates, resulting in the recognition of foreign currency exchange gains or losses. The Company has adjusted the applicable financial measures to exclude these remeasurement gains or losses (i) because they are non-cash, non-operating items that could create volatility in the Company’s consolidated results of operations due to the magnitude of the end of period lease liability being remeasured and (ii) to improve comparability of current periods presented with prior periods.
In conjunction with the Cash America merger in 2016, the Company recorded certain lease intangibles related to above- or below-market lease liabilities of Cash America, which are included in the operating lease right of use asset on the consolidated balance sheets. As the Company continues to opportunistically purchase real estate from landlords at certain Cash America stores, the associated lease intangible, if any, is written off and gain or loss is recognized. The Company has adjusted the applicable financial measures to exclude these gains or losses given the variability in size and timing of these transactions and because they are non-cash, non-operating gains or losses. The Company believes this improves comparability of operating results for current periods presented with prior periods.
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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share
Management believes the presentation of adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share provides investors with greater transparency and provides a more complete understanding of the Company’s financial performance and prospects for the future by excluding items that management believes are non-operating in nature and not representative of the Company’s core operating performance. In addition, management believes the adjustments shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare the Company’s financial results for the current periods presented with the prior periods presented.
The following table provides a reconciliation between net income and diluted earnings per share calculated in accordance with GAAP to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share, which are shown net of tax (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| In Thousands |  | Per Share |  | In Thousands |  | Per Share |  | In Thousands |  | Per Share |  | In Thousands |  | Per Share
Net income and diluted earnings per share, as reported | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |  |  | $ | 3.64 |
Adjustments, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 2,605 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 0.03 |
Non-cash foreign currency loss (gain) related to lease liability | 442 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 251 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | (1,171) |  |  | (0.03) |  |  | (245) |  |  | (0.01) |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) | 10,880 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 17,036 |  |  | 0.36 |  |  | 32,869 |  |  | 0.72 |  |  | 64,772 |  |  | 1.36 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,229) |  |  | (0.34) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (68,083) |  |  | (1.43) |
Other expenses (income), net | (296) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | 126 |  |  | — |  |  | (200) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,095) |  |  | (0.04) |
Adjusted net income and diluted earnings per share | $ | 70,775 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |  |  | $ | 61,064 |  |  | $ | 1.30 |  |  | $ | 184,028 |  |  | $ | 4.02 |  |  | $ | 169,095 |  |  | $ | 3.55 |

(1)See detail of the AFF purchase accounting adjustments in tables below.
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The following tables provide a reconciliation of the gross amounts, the impact of income taxes and the net amounts for the adjustments included in the table above (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Merger and acquisition expenses | $ | 3,387 |  |  | $ | 782 |  |  | $ | 2,605 |  |  | $ | 733 |  |  | $ | 169 |  |  | $ | 564 |
Non-cash foreign currency loss related to lease liability | 632 |  |  | 190 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 108 |  |  | 251 |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) | 14,130 |  |  | 3,250 |  |  | 10,880 |  |  | 22,125 |  |  | 5,089 |  |  | 17,036 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,800) |  |  | (3,571) |  |  | (16,229) |
Other expenses (income), net | (384) |  |  | (88) |  |  | (296) |  |  | 164 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 126 |
Total adjustments | $ | 17,765 |  |  | $ | 4,134 |  |  | $ | 13,631 |  |  | $ | 3,581 |  |  | $ | 1,833 |  |  | $ | 1,748 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Merger and acquisition expenses | $ | 3,670 |  |  | $ | 852 |  |  | $ | 2,818 |  |  | $ | 1,712 |  |  | $ | 395 |  |  | $ | 1,317 |
Non-cash foreign currency gain related to lease liability | (1,673) |  |  | (502) |  |  | (1,171) |  |  | (350) |  |  | (105) |  |  | (245) |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) | 42,688 |  |  | 9,819 |  |  | 32,869 |  |  | 84,120 |  |  | 19,348 |  |  | 64,772 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (82,789) |  |  | (14,706) |  |  | (68,083) |
Other expenses (income), net | (260) |  |  | (60) |  |  | (200) |  |  | (2,721) |  |  | (626) |  |  | (2,095) |
Total adjustments | $ | 44,425 |  |  | $ | 10,109 |  |  | $ | 34,316 |  |  | $ | (28) |  |  | $ | 4,306 |  |  | $ | (4,334) |

(1)The following tables detail AFF purchase accounting adjustments (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired finance receivables | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,111 |  |  | $ | 1,635 |  |  | $ | 5,476 |
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired leased merchandise | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 839 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 645 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 14,130 |  |  | 3,250 |  |  | 10,880 |  |  | 14,175 |  |  | 3,260 |  |  | 10,915 |
Total AFF purchase accounting adjustments | $ | 14,130 |  |  | $ | 3,250 |  |  | $ | 10,880 |  |  | $ | 22,125 |  |  | $ | 5,089 |  |  | $ | 17,036 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax |  | Pre-tax |  | Tax |  | After-tax
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired finance receivables | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 34,798 |  |  | $ | 8,004 |  |  | $ | 26,794 |
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired leased merchandise | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,796 |  |  | 1,564 |  |  | 5,232 |
Amortization of acquired intangible assets | 42,688 |  |  | 9,819 |  |  | 32,869 |  |  | 42,526 |  |  | 9,780 |  |  | 32,746 |
Total AFF purchase accounting adjustments | $ | 42,688 |  |  | $ | 9,819 |  |  | $ | 32,869 |  |  | $ | 84,120 |  |  | $ | 19,348 |  |  | $ | 64,772 |

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Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Adjusted EBITDA
The Company defines EBITDA as net income before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and interest income and adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for certain items, as listed below, that management considers to be non-operating in nature and not representative of its actual operating performance. The Company believes EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are commonly used by investors to assess a company’s financial performance, and adjusted EBITDA is used as a starting point in the calculation of the consolidated total debt ratio as defined in the Company’s senior unsecured notes. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trailing Twelve
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Net income |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 59,316 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 173,429 |  |  | $ | 229,778 |  |  | $ | 202,800 |
Provision for income taxes |  |  | 20,480 |  |  |  | 16,079 |  |  |  | 51,649 |  |  |  | 48,598 |  |  |  | 73,189 |  |  |  | 56,357 |
Depreciation and amortization |  |  | 27,365 |  |  |  | 25,971 |  |  |  | 81,526 |  |  |  | 77,495 |  |  |  | 107,863 |  |  |  | 90,670 |
Interest expense |  |  | 24,689 |  |  |  | 18,282 |  |  |  | 66,657 |  |  |  | 50,749 |  |  |  | 86,616 |  |  |  | 60,746 |
Interest income |  |  | (328) |  |  |  | (206) |  |  |  | (1,253) |  |  |  | (1,104) |  |  |  | (1,462) |  |  |  | (1,380) |
EBITDA |  |  | 129,350 |  |  |  | 119,442 |  |  |  | 348,291 |  |  |  | 349,167 |  |  |  | 495,984 |  |  |  | 409,193 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  |  | 3,387 |  |  |  | 733 |  |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | 1,712 |  |  |  | 5,697 |  |  |  | 15,897 |
Non-cash foreign currency loss (gain) related to lease liability |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 359 |  |  |  | (1,673) |  |  |  | (350) |  |  |  | (2,652) |  |  |  | (72) |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) |  |  | — |  |  |  | 7,950 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 41,594 |  |  |  | 8,760 |  |  |  | 87,956 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | (19,800) |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (82,789) |  |  |  | (26,760) |  |  |  | (100,660) |
Other expenses (income), net |  |  | (384) |  |  |  | 164 |  |  |  | (260) |  |  |  | (2,721) |  |  |  | (270) |  |  |  | (3,412) |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 132,985 |  |  | $ | 108,848 |  |  | $ | 350,028 |  |  | $ | 306,613 |  |  | $ | 480,759 |  |  | $ | 408,902 |

(1)Excludes $14.1 million, $42.7 million and $56.9 million of amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets as a result of the AFF acquisition for the three months, nine months and trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2023, respectively, which is included in the add back of depreciation and amortization to net income used to calculate EBITDA. Excludes $14.2 million, $42.5 million and $44.6 million of amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets as a result of the AFF acquisition for the three months, nine months and trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2022, respectively, which is included in the add back of depreciation and amortization to net income used to calculate EBITDA.
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Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow
For purposes of its internal liquidity assessments, the Company considers free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow. The Company defines free cash flow as cash flow from operating activities less purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements and net fundings/repayments of pawn loan and finance receivables, which are considered to be operating in nature by the Company but are included in cash flow from investing activities. Adjusted free cash flow is defined as free cash flow adjusted for merger and acquisition expenses paid that management considers to be non-operating in nature.
Free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow are commonly used by investors as additional measures of cash, generated by business operations, that may be used to repay scheduled debt maturities and debt service or, following payment of such debt obligations and other non-discretionary items, that may be available to invest in future growth through new business development activities or acquisitions, repurchase stock, pay cash dividends or repay debt obligations prior to their maturities. These metrics can also be used to evaluate the Company’s ability to generate cash flow from business operations and the impact that this cash flow has on the Company’s liquidity. However, free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for cash flow from operating activities or other income statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table reconciles cash flow from operating activities to free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trailing Twelve
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Cash flow from operating activities |  | $ | 111,368 |  |  | $ | 99,031 |  |  | $ | 317,037 |  |  | $ | 325,798 |  |  | $ | 460,544 |  |  | $ | 411,252 |
Cash flow from certain investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans, net (1) |  | (59,614) |  |  | (42,442) |  |  | (59,426) |  |  | (74,707) |  |  | (20,536) |  |  | (77,410) |
Finance receivables, net |  | (30,869) |  |  | (26,088) |  |  | (87,994) |  |  | (49,634) |  |  | (123,713) |  |  | (55,478) |
Purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements |  | (18,375) |  |  | (9,944) |  |  | (46,723) |  |  | (29,630) |  |  | (52,679) |  |  | (40,044) |
Free cash flow |  | 2,510 |  |  | 20,557 |  |  | 122,894 |  |  | 171,827 |  |  | 263,616 |  |  | 238,320 |
Merger and acquisition expenses paid, net of tax benefit |  | 2,605 |  |  | 564 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 1,317 |  |  | 4,379 |  |  | 12,239 |
Adjusted free cash flow |  | $ | 5,115 |  |  | $ | 21,121 |  |  | $ | 125,712 |  |  | $ | 173,144 |  |  | $ | 267,995 |  |  | $ | 250,559 |

(1)Includes the funding of new loans net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral.
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Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment Purchase Accounting Adjustments
Management believes the presentation of certain retail POS payment solutions segment metrics, adjusted to exclude the impacts of purchase accounting, provides investors with greater transparency and provides a more complete understanding of AFF’s financial performance and prospects for the future by excluding the impacts of purchase accounting, which management believes is non-operating in nature and not representative of AFF’s core operating performance. See the retail POS payment solutions segment tables in “Results of Operations” above for additional reconciliation of certain amounts adjusted to exclude the impacts of purchase accounting to as reported GAAP amounts.
Additionally, the following table provides reconciliations of total revenue and total net revenue, presented in accordance with GAAP, to adjusted total revenue and adjusted net revenue, which excludes the impacts of purchase accounting (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Total revenue, as reported | $ | 786,301 |  |  | $ | 672,143 |  |  | $ | 2,299,662 |  |  | $ | 1,979,598 |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) | — |  |  | 7,111 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,798 |
Adjusted total revenue | $ | 786,301 |  |  | $ | 679,254 |  |  | $ | 2,299,662 |  |  | $ | 2,014,396 |
Total net revenue, as reported | $ | 388,647 |  |  | $ | 323,292 |  |  | $ | 1,089,590 |  |  | $ | 915,451 |
AFF purchase accounting adjustments (1) | — |  |  | 7,950 |  |  | — |  |  | 41,594 |
Adjusted total net revenue | $ | 388,647 |  |  | $ | 331,242 |  |  | $ | 1,089,590 |  |  | $ | 957,045 |

(1)As a result of purchase accounting, AFF’s as reported amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 contain significant fair value adjustments. The adjusted amounts for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2022 exclude these fair value purchase accounting adjustments.
Constant Currency Results
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, however, certain performance metrics discussed in this report are presented on a “constant currency” basis, which is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. The Company’s management uses constant currency results to evaluate operating results of business operations in Latin America, which are transacted in local currencies in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia. The Company also has operations in El Salvador, where the reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar.
The Company believes constant currency results provide valuable supplemental information regarding the underlying performance of its business operations in Latin America, consistent with how the Company’s management evaluates such performance and operating results. Constant currency results reported herein are calculated by translating certain balance sheet and income statement items denominated in local currencies using the exchange rate from the prior-year comparable period, as opposed to the current comparable period, in order to exclude the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations for purposes of evaluating period-over-period comparisons. See the Latin America pawn segment tables in “Results of Operations” above for additional reconciliation of certain constant currency amounts to as reported GAAP amounts.
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The following table provides exchange rates for the Mexican peso, Guatemalan quetzal and Colombian peso for the current and prior-year periods:

|  | September 30, |  | Favorable /
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | (Unfavorable)
Mexican peso / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 17.6 |  | 20.3 |  |  | 13 | % |
Three months ended |  | 17.1 |  | 20.2 |  |  | 15 | % |
Nine months ended |  | 17.8 |  | 20.3 |  |  | 12 | % |
Guatemalan quetzal / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 7.9 |  | 7.9 |  |  | — | % |
Three months ended |  | 7.9 |  | 7.8 |  |  | (1) | % |
Nine months ended |  | 7.8 |  | 7.7 |  |  | (1) | % |
Colombian peso / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 4,054 |  | 4,532 |  |  | 11 | % |
Three months ended |  | 4,048 |  | 4,375 |  |  | 7 | % |
Nine months ended |  | 4,413 |  | 4,068 |  |  | (8) | % |

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates, gold prices and foreign currency exchange rates and are described in detail in the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The impact of current-year fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular, are further discussed in Part I, Item 2 herein. The Company does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposure to market risks since December 31, 2022.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) as of September 30, 2023 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible error and fraud. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are, however, designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this report which is incorporated to this Part II, Item 1 by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Important risk factors that could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods are described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors are supplemented by those discussed under “Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations” and “Regulatory Developments” in Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report and in “Governmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
The following table provides information about purchases made by the Company of shares of its common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Total Number Of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share (1) |  | Total Number Of Shares Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Plans (2) |  |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value Of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans (1) (2)
July 1 through July 31, 2023 |  | 94,925 |  |  | $ | 92.79 |  |  | 94,925 |  |  |  |  | $ | 200,000 |
August 1 through August 31, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 200,000 |
September 1 through September 30, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 200,000 |
Total |  | 94,925 |  |  | 92.79 |  |  | 94,925 |  |  |  |  |

(1)The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, which was enacted into law on August 16, 2022, imposed a nondeductible 1% excise tax on the net value of certain stock repurchases made after December 31, 2022. During the three months ended September 30, 2023, the Company reflected the applicable excise tax in treasury stock as part of the cost basis of the stock repurchased and recorded a corresponding liability for the excise taxes payable in accrued expenses and other liabilities on the consolidated balance sheet. All dollar amounts presented exclude such excise taxes.
(2)On October 27, 2022, the Company’s board of directors authorized the repurchases of an aggregate of $100.0 million of its shares of common stock. During July 2023, the Company repurchased a total of 95,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $8.8 million and an average cost per share of $92.79, which completed the share repurchase program authorized in October 2022. In July 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional common stock repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, of which the entire $200.0 million is currently remaining.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
On August 10, 2023, Randel G. Owen, Director, adopted a written plan for the sale of up to 2,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act of 1934. The plan will expire on November 8, 2024, or on any earlier date on which all of the shares have been sold.
On August 22, 2023, R. Douglas Orr, Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, adopted a written plan for the sale of up to 42,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act of 1934. The plan will expire on February 28, 2025, or on any earlier date on which all of the shares have been sold.
During the three months ended September 30, 2023, none of our directors or officers adopted or terminated a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” (as defined in Item 408 of Regulation S-K).
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  |
Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Filed Herewith
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FirstCash Holdings, Inc., dated December 16, 2021 |  | 8-K12B |  | 001-10960 |  | 3.1 |  | 12/16/2021 |  |
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of FirstCash Holdings, Inc., dated December 16, 2021 |  | 8-K12B |  | 001-10960 |  | 3.2 |  | 12/16/2021 |  |
10.1 |  | S eventh Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated October 18, 202 3, between FirstCash Holdings, Inc., FirstCash, Inc., certain subsidiaries of the borrower from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Exchange Act Section 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, provided by Rick L. Wessel, Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Exchange Act Section 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, provided by R. Douglas Orr, Chief Financial Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, provided by Rick L. Wessel, Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, provided by R. Douglas Orr, Chief Financial Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: October 30, 2023 | FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
| (Registrant)
| /s/ RICK L. WESSEL
| Rick L. Wessel
| Chief Executive Officer
| (On behalf of the Registrant)
| /s/ R. DOUGLAS ORR
| R. Douglas Orr
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (As Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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