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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the Quarterly Period Ended September 30, 2024
OR

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from __________ to ___________
Commission file number 001-10960
FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Delaware |  | 87-3920732
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |  | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)

1600 West 7th Street, Fort Worth, Texas 76102
(Address of principal executive offices) (Zip code)
(817) 335-1100
(Registrant’s telephone number, including area code)
Not Applicable
(Former name, former address and former fiscal year, if changed since last report)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $.01 per share | FCFS | The Nasdaq Stock Market

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. ☒ Yes ☐ No
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). ☒ Yes ☐ No

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Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.

☒ | Large accelerated filer | ☐ | Accelerated filer
☐ | Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company
|  | ☐ | Emerging growth company

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). ☐ Yes ☒ No
As of October 23, 2024, there were 44,752,348 shares of common stock outstanding.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
FORM 10-Q FOR THE QUARTER ENDED SEPTEMBER 30, 2024
INDEX

PART I. | FINANCIAL INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 1
| Consolidated Balance Sheets | 1
| Consolidated Statements of Income | 2
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income | 3
| Consolidated Statements of Changes in Stockholders’ Equity | 4
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows | 6
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements | 8
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 54
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 54
PART II. | OTHER INFORMATION |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 55
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 55
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 55
Item 3. | Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 55
Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures | 55
Item 5. | Other Information | 56
Item 6. | Exhibits | 57
SIGNATURES | 58

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CAUTIONARY STATEMENT REGARDING RISKS AND UNCERTAINTIES THAT MAY AFFECT FUTURE RESULTS
Forward-Looking Information
This quarterly report contains forward-looking statements about the business, financial condition, outlook and prospects of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”). Forward-looking statements, as that term is defined in the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, can be identified by the use of forward-looking terminology such as “believes,” “projects,” “expects,” “may,” “estimates,” “should,” “plans,” “targets,” “intends,” “could,” “would,” “anticipates,” “potential,” “confident,” “optimistic” or the negative thereof, or other variations thereon, or comparable terminology, or by discussions of strategy, objectives, estimates, guidance, expectations, outlook and future plans. Forward-looking statements can also be identified by the fact these statements do not relate strictly to historical or current matters. Rather, forward-looking statements relate to anticipated or expected events, activities, trends or results. Because forward-looking statements relate to matters that have not yet occurred, these statements are inherently subject to risks and uncertainties.
While the Company believes the expectations reflected in forward-looking statements are reasonable, there can be no assurances such expectations will prove to be accurate. Security holders are cautioned that such forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainties. Certain factors may cause results to differ materially from those anticipated by the forward-looking statements made in this quarterly report. Such factors may include, without limitation, risks related to the extensive regulatory environment in which the Company operates; risks associated with the legal and regulatory proceedings that the Company is a party to or may become a party to in the future, including the Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (the “CFPB”) lawsuit filed against the Company; risks related to the Company’s acquisitions, including the failure of the Company’s acquisitions to deliver the estimated value and benefits expected by the Company and the ability of the Company to continue to identify and consummate acquisitions on favorable terms, if at all; potential changes in consumer behavior and shopping patterns which could impact demand for the Company’s pawn loan, retail, lease-to-own (“LTO”) and retail finance products; labor shortages and increased labor costs; a deterioration in the economic conditions in the United States and Latin America, including as a result of inflation, elevated interest rates and higher gas prices, which potentially could have an impact on discretionary consumer spending and demand for the Company’s products; currency fluctuations, primarily involving the Mexican peso; competition the Company faces from other retailers and providers of retail payment solutions; the ability of the Company to successfully execute on its business strategies; contraction in sales activity at merchant partners of the Company’s retail POS payment solutions business; impact of store closures, financial difficulties or even bankruptcies at the merchant partners of the Company’s retail POS payment solutions business; and other risks discussed and described in the Company’s most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (the “SEC”), including the risks described in Part 1, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” thereof, and other reports filed with the SEC. Many of these risks and uncertainties are beyond the ability of the Company to control, nor can the Company predict, in many cases, all of the risks and uncertainties that could cause its actual results to differ materially from those indicated by the forward-looking statements. The forward-looking statements contained in this quarterly report speak only as of the date of this quarterly report, and the Company expressly disclaims any obligation or undertaking to report any updates or revisions to any such statement to reflect any change in the Company’s expectations or any change in events, conditions or circumstances on which any such statement is based, except as required by law.

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PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | September 30, |  | December 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023
ASSETS |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 127,018 |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 74,378 |  |  | 72,336 |  |  | 71,922 |
Pawn loans |  | 517,877 |  |  | 483,785 |  |  | 471,846 |
Finance receivables, net |  | 123,751 |  |  | 113,307 |  |  | 113,901 |
Inventories |  | 334,394 |  |  | 314,382 |  |  | 312,089 |
Leased merchandise, net |  | 137,769 |  |  | 143,169 |  |  | 171,191 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |  | 34,861 |  |  | 21,114 |  |  | 38,634 |
Total current assets |  | 1,329,350 |  |  | 1,234,640 |  |  | 1,306,601 |
Property and equipment, net |  | 689,075 |  |  | 604,673 |  |  | 632,724 |
Operating lease right of use asset |  | 329,228 |  |  | 312,097 |  |  | 328,458 |
Goodwill |  | 1,788,795 |  |  | 1,713,354 |  |  | 1,727,652 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 241,389 |  |  | 291,690 |  |  | 277,724 |
Other assets |  | 10,339 |  |  | 10,057 |  |  | 10,242 |
Deferred tax assets, net |  | 4,671 |  |  | 8,052 |  |  | 6,514 |
Total assets |  | $ | 4,392,847 |  |  | $ | 4,174,563 |  |  | $ | 4,289,915 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |  |  |  |
Accounts payable and accrued liabilities |  | $ | 133,792 |  |  | $ | 146,873 |  |  | $ | 163,050 |
Customer deposits and prepayments |  | 78,083 |  |  | 71,752 |  |  | 70,580 |
Lease liability, current |  | 96,598 |  |  | 98,745 |  |  | 101,962 |
Total current liabilities |  | 308,473 |  |  | 317,370 |  |  | 335,592 |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | 200,000 |  |  | 560,229 |  |  | 568,000 |
Senior unsecured notes |  | 1,530,604 |  |  | 1,037,151 |  |  | 1,037,647 |
Deferred tax liabilities, net |  | 127,425 |  |  | 139,713 |  |  | 136,773 |
Lease liability, non-current |  | 227,151 |  |  | 202,516 |  |  | 215,485 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,393,653 |  |  | 2,256,979 |  |  | 2,293,497 |
Stockholders’ equity: |  |  |  |  |  |
Common stock |  | 575 |  |  | 573 |  |  | 573 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 1,764,351 |  |  | 1,737,497 |  |  | 1,741,046 |
Retained earnings |  | 1,344,542 |  |  | 1,164,228 |  |  | 1,218,029 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (114,807) |  |  | (64,521) |  |  | (43,037) |
Common stock held in treasury, at cost |  | (995,467) |  |  | (920,193) |  |  | (920,193) |
Total stockholders’ equity |  | 1,999,194 |  |  | 1,917,584 |  |  | 1,996,418 |
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity |  | $ | 4,392,847 |  |  | $ | 4,174,563 |  |  | $ | 4,289,915 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

1

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales | $ | 363,141 |  |  | $ | 335,081 |  |  | $ | 1,093,425 |  |  | $ | 983,860 |
Pawn loan fees | 186,561 |  |  | 174,560 |  |  | 547,142 |  |  | 480,298 |
Leased merchandise income | 188,560 |  |  | 189,382 |  |  | 588,801 |  |  | 562,625 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 61,198 |  |  | 61,413 |  |  | 175,384 |  |  | 174,247 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales | 37,861 |  |  | 25,865 |  |  | 99,951 |  |  | 98,632 |
Total revenue | 837,321 |  |  | 786,301 |  |  | 2,504,703 |  |  | 2,299,662 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold | 218,178 |  |  | 199,719 |  |  | 659,854 |  |  | 590,991 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise | 104,928 |  |  | 103,698 |  |  | 335,369 |  |  | 307,824 |
Provision for lease losses | 39,171 |  |  | 39,736 |  |  | 129,834 |  |  | 141,674 |
Provision for loan losses | 40,557 |  |  | 33,096 |  |  | 102,091 |  |  | 90,571 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold | 29,880 |  |  | 21,405 |  |  | 81,711 |  |  | 79,012 |
Total cost of revenue | 432,714 |  |  | 397,654 |  |  | 1,308,859 |  |  | 1,210,072 |
Net revenue | 404,607 |  |  | 388,647 |  |  | 1,195,844 |  |  | 1,089,590 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 224,926 |  |  | 211,524 |  |  | 674,431 |  |  | 615,366 |
Administrative expenses | 40,930 |  |  | 45,056 |  |  | 129,563 |  |  | 124,428 |
Depreciation and amortization | 25,933 |  |  | 27,365 |  |  | 78,507 |  |  | 81,526 |
Interest expense | 27,424 |  |  | 24,689 |  |  | 78,029 |  |  | 66,657 |
Interest income | (403) |  |  | (328) |  |  | (1,407) |  |  | (1,253) |
Loss (gain) on foreign exchange | 882 |  |  | (286) |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | (1,905) |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 225 |  |  | 3,387 |  |  | 2,186 |  |  | 3,670 |
Other expenses (income), net | (490) |  |  | (384) |  |  | (841) |  |  | (260) |
Total expenses and other income | 319,427 |  |  | 311,023 |  |  | 962,601 |  |  | 888,229 |
Income before income taxes | 85,180 |  |  | 77,624 |  |  | 233,243 |  |  | 201,361 |
Provision for income taxes | 20,353 |  |  | 20,480 |  |  | 57,975 |  |  | 51,649 |
Net income | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.45 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 3.89 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |
Diluted | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

2

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME
(unaudited, in thousands)
| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |
Other comprehensive income (loss): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment | (30,441) |  |  | (15,263) |  |  | (71,770) |  |  | 42,052 |
Comprehensive income | $ | 34,386 |  |  | $ | 41,881 |  |  | $ | 103,498 |  |  | $ | 191,764 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

3

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC. |  |
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts) |  |
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 |  |
|  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accum- ulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Common Stock Held in Treasury |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity |  |
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |
As of 12/31/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,741,046 |  |  | $ | 1,218,029 |  |  | $ | (43,037) |  |  | 12,214 |  |  | $ | (920,193) |  |  | $ | 1,996,418 |  |  |
Shares issued under share-based compensation plan, net of 59 shares net-settled |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,583) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (140) |  |  | 10,576 |  |  | (7,007) |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,101 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,101 |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,368 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,368 |  |  |
Cash dividends ($0.35 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,833) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,833) |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,335 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,335 |  |  |
As of 3/31/2024 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,727,564 |  |  | $ | 1,263,564 |  |  | $ | (36,702) |  |  | 12,074 |  |  | $ | (909,617) |  |  | $ | 2,045,382 |  |  |
Shares issued upon acquisition of pawn stores |  |  |  |  | 225 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 29,320 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,322 |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,102 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,102 |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,073 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 49,073 |  |  |
Cash dividends ($0.35 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,916) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,916) |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47,664) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (47,664) |  |  |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 721 |  |  | (85,850) |  |  | (85,850) |  |  |
As of 6/30/2024 |  |  |  |  | 57,547 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 1,760,986 |  |  | $ | 1,296,721 |  |  | $ | (84,366) |  |  | 12,795 |  |  | $ | (995,467) |  |  | $ | 1,978,449 |  |  |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,365 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,365 |  |  |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,827 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 64,827 |  |  |
Cash dividends ($0.38 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,006) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,006) |  |  |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,441) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (30,441) |  |  |
As of 9/30/2024 |  |  |  |  | 57,547 |  |  | $ | 575 |  |  | $ | 1,764,351 |  |  | $ | 1,344,542 |  |  | $ | (114,807) |  |  | 12,795 |  |  | $ | (995,467) |  |  | $ | 1,999,194 |  |  |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements. |  |

4

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
CONTINUED
(unaudited, in thousands, except per share amounts)
Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  |  | Common Stock |  | Additional Paid-In Capital |  | Retained Earnings |  | Accum- ulated Other Compre- hensive Loss |  | Common Stock Held in Treasury |  | Total Stock- holders’ Equity
|  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Shares |  | Amount |  |
As of 12/31/2022 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,734,528 |  |  | $ | 1,060,603 |  |  | $ | (106,573) |  |  | 11,030 |  |  | $ | (809,365) |  |  | $ | 1,879,766 |
Shares issued under share-based compensation plan, net of 28 shares net-settled |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,156) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (64) |  |  | 4,693 |  |  | (2,463) |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,388 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 47,388 |
Cash dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,294) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,294) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,513 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,513 |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 782 |  |  | (71,411) |  |  | (71,411) |
As of 3/31/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,730,747 |  |  | $ | 1,092,697 |  |  | $ | (77,060) |  |  | 11,748 |  |  | $ | (876,083) |  |  | $ | 1,870,874 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,180 |
Cash dividends ($0.33 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,298) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,298) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,802 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,802 |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 371 |  |  | (35,214) |  |  | (35,214) |
As of 6/30/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,734,122 |  |  | $ | 1,122,579 |  |  | $ | (49,258) |  |  | 12,119 |  |  | $ | (911,297) |  |  | $ | 1,896,719 |
Share-based compensation expense |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,375 |
Net income |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,144 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 57,144 |
Cash dividends ($0.35 per share) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,495) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,495) |
Currency translation adjustment |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,263) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,263) |
Purchases of treasury stock, including excise tax |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 95 |  |  | (8,896) |  |  | (8,896) |
As of 9/30/2023 |  |  |  |  | 57,322 |  |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 1,737,497 |  |  | $ | 1,164,228 |  |  | $ | (64,521) |  |  | 12,214 |  |  | $ | (920,193) |  |  | $ | 1,917,584 |
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flow from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net income |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash flow provided by operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | 335,369 |  |  | 307,824 |
Provision for lease losses |  | 129,834 |  |  | 141,674 |
Provision for loan losses |  | 102,091 |  |  | 90,571 |
Share-based compensation expense |  | 11,568 |  |  | 10,125 |
Depreciation and amortization expense |  | 78,507 |  |  | 81,526 |
Amortization of debt issuance costs |  | 2,707 |  |  | 2,067 |
Net amortization of premiums, discounts and unearned origination fees on finance receivables |  | (25,755) |  |  | (12,390) |
Impairments and dispositions of certain other assets |  | 1,415 |  |  | 346 |
Deferred income taxes, net |  | (8,337) |  |  | (12,000) |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of business combinations: |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable, net |  | (4,244) |  |  | (9,998) |
Inventories purchased directly from customers, wholesalers or manufacturers |  | (9,219) |  |  | (939) |
Leased merchandise, net |  | (431,783) |  |  | (439,365) |
Prepaid expenses and other assets |  | 420 |  |  | (427) |
Accounts payable, accrued liabilities and other liabilities |  | (17,513) |  |  | (7,594) |
Income taxes |  | 1,481 |  |  | 15,905 |
Net cash flow provided by operating activities |  | 341,809 |  |  | 317,037 |
Cash flow from investing activities: |  |  |  |
Pawn loans, net (1) |  | (69,723) |  |  | (59,426) |
Finance receivables, net |  | (86,186) |  |  | (87,994) |
Purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements |  | (56,032) |  |  | (46,723) |
Purchases of store real property |  | (54,304) |  |  | (46,677) |
Acquisitions of pawn stores, net of cash acquired |  | (69,238) |  |  | (168,353) |
Net cash flow used in investing activities |  | (335,483) |  |  | (409,173) |
Cash flow from financing activities: |  |  |  |
Borrowings from unsecured credit facilities |  | 389,000 |  |  | 545,835 |
Repayments of unsecured credit facilities |  | (757,000) |  |  | (322,967) |
Issuance of senior unsecured notes |  | 500,000 |  |  | — |
Debt issuance costs paid |  | (10,425) |  |  | (90) |
Purchases of treasury stock |  | (85,000) |  |  | (115,521) |
Payment of withholding taxes on net share settlements of restricted stock unit awards |  | (7,007) |  |  | (2,463) |
Dividends paid |  | (48,755) |  |  | (46,087) |
Net cash flow (used in) provided by financing activities |  | (19,187) |  |  | 58,707 |

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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
CONTINUED
(unaudited, in thousands)
|  | Nine Months Ended
|  | September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Effect of exchange rates on cash |  | (7,837) |  |  | 2,646 |
Change in cash and cash equivalents |  | (20,698) |  |  | (30,783) |
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of the period |  | 127,018 |  |  | 117,330 |
Cash and cash equivalents at end of the period |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |

(1)Includes the funding of new pawn loans net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral.
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (unaudited)
Note 1 - General
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2023, which is derived from audited consolidated financial statements, and the unaudited consolidated financial statements, including the notes thereto, includes the accounts of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”). The Company regularly makes acquisitions, and the results of operations for the acquisitions have been consolidated since the acquisition dates. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated.
These unaudited consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles (“GAAP”) for interim financial information and with the rules and regulations for reporting on Form 10-Q. Accordingly, they do not include certain information and disclosures required for comprehensive financial statements. These interim period financial statements should be read in conjunction with the Company’s audited consolidated financial statements, which are included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023, filed with the SEC on February 5, 2024. The consolidated financial statements as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, and for the three month and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, are unaudited, but in management’s opinion include all adjustments (consisting of only normal recurring adjustments) considered necessary to present fairly the financial position, results of operations and cash flow for such interim periods. Operating results for the periods ended September 30, 2024 are not necessarily indicative of the results that may be expected for the full year.
The Company has pawn operations in Latin America, where in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia, the functional currency is the Mexican peso, Guatemalan quetzal and Colombian peso. Accordingly, the assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at the exchange rate in effect at each balance sheet date, and the resulting adjustments are accumulated in other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Revenues and expenses are translated at the average exchange rates occurring during the respective period. The Company also has pawn operations in El Salvador, where the reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar.
Use of Estimates
The preparation of interim financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, and related revenue and expenses, and the disclosure of gain and loss contingencies at the date of the financial statements. Such estimates and assumptions are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, which may cause actual results to differ materially from the Company’s estimates.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements
In October 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-06, “Disclosure Agreements – Codification Amendments in Response to the SEC’s Disclosure Update and Simplification Initiative” (“ASU 2023-06”). ASU 2023-06 will align the disclosure and presentation requirements in the FASB Accounting Standards Codification with the SEC’s regulations. The amendments in ASU 2023-06 will be applied prospectively and are effective when the SEC removes the related requirements from Regulations S-X or S-K. Any amendments the SEC does not remove by June 30, 2027 will not be effective. As the Company is currently subject to these SEC requirements, ASU 2023-06 is not expected to have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-07, “Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-07”). ASU 2023-07 expands disclosures about a public entity’s reportable segments and requires more enhanced information about a reportable segment’s expenses, interim segment profit or loss, and how a public entity’s chief operating decision maker uses reported segment profit or loss information in assessing segment performance and allocating resources. ASU 2023-07 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023 and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-07 should be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-07 to have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU No 2023-09, “Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures” (“ASU 2023-09”). ASU 2023-09 expands disclosures in the rate reconciliation and requires disclosure of income taxes paid by jurisdiction. ASU 2023-09 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2023-09 should be applied prospectively, however, retrospective application is permitted. The Company does not expect ASU 2023-09 to have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU No 2024-02, “Codification Improvements - Amendments to Remove References to the Concepts Statements” (“ASU 2024-02”). ASU 2024-02 removes references to various Concepts Statements. In most instances, the references are extraneous and not required to understand or apply the guidance. ASU 2024-02 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024. Early adoption is permitted. ASU 2024-02 can be applied prospectively or retrospectively. The Company adopted ASU 2024-02 effective January 1, 2024 on a prospective basis. The adoption of ASU 2024-02 did not have a material effect on the Company’s current financial position, results of operations or financial statement disclosures.
Note 2 - Earnings Per Share
The following table sets forth the computation of basic and diluted earnings per share (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Numerator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |
Denominator: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average common shares for calculating basic earnings per share | 44,752 |  |  | 45,114 |  |  | 45,039 |  |  | 45,531 |
Effect of dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Restricted stock unit awards | 218 |  |  | 260 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 216 |
Weighted-average common shares for calculating diluted earnings per share | 44,970 |  |  | 45,374 |  |  | 45,214 |  |  | 45,747 |
Earnings per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.45 |  |  | $ | 1.27 |  |  | $ | 3.89 |  |  | $ | 3.29 |
Diluted | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |

Note 3 - Acquisitions
Consistent with the Company’s strategy to continue its expansion of pawn stores in strategic markets, during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company acquired 28 pawn stores in the U.S. in five separate transactions and acquired one pawn license that was used to open one new pawn store in the state of Nevada. The aggregate purchase price for these acquisitions totaled $102.8 million, net of cash acquired and subject to future post-closing adjustments. The aggregate purchase price was composed of $68.6 million in cash, $29.3 million in stock consideration and remaining short-term amounts payable to certain of the sellers of approximately $4.9 million. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company also paid $0.6 million of purchase price amounts payable related to prior-year pawn acquisitions.
The purchase price of each of the 2024 acquisitions was allocated to assets acquired and liabilities assumed based upon the estimated fair values at the date of acquisition. The excess purchase price over the estimated fair value of the net assets acquired has been recorded as goodwill. The goodwill arising from these acquisitions consists largely of the synergies and economies of scale expected from combining the operations of the Company and the pawn stores acquired. These acquisitions were not material individually or in the aggregate to the Company’s consolidated financial statements.
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The estimated fair value of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed are preliminary, as the Company is gathering information to finalize the valuation of these assets and liabilities. The preliminary allocation of the aggregate purchase prices for these individually immaterial acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 is as follows (in thousands):

Pawn loans | $ | 11,669 |
Accounts receivable | 816 |
Inventories | 8,743 |
Prepaid expenses and other current assets | 5 |
Property and equipment | 561 |
Operating lease right of use asset | 13,258 |
Goodwill (1) | 82,357 |
Intangible assets | 1,280 |
Current liabilities | (2,665) |
Lease liability | (13,258) |
Aggregate purchase price | $ | 102,766 |

(1)Substantially all of the goodwill is expected to be deductible for U.S. income tax purposes.
The results of operations for the acquired stores have been consolidated since the respective acquisition dates. During 2024, revenue from the acquired stores was $20.7 million and the earnings from the combined acquisitions since the acquisition dates (including $1.7 million of transaction and integration costs, net of tax) was $4.2 million.
Note 4 - Operating Leases
Lessor
For information about the Company’s revenue-generating activities as a lessor, refer to the “Leased merchandise and revenue recognition” section of Note 2 to the consolidated financial statements included in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. All of the Company’s lease agreements are considered operating leases.
Lessee
The Company leases the majority of its pawnshop locations and certain administrative offices under operating leases and determines if an arrangement is or contains a lease at inception. Many leases include both lease and non-lease components for which the Company accounts separately. Lease components include rent, taxes and insurance costs while non-lease components include common area or other maintenance costs. Operating leases are included in operating lease right of use assets, lease liability, current and lease liability, non-current in the consolidated balance sheets. The Company does not have any finance leases.
Leased facilities are generally leased for a term of three to five years with one or more options to renew for an additional three to five years, typically at the Company’s sole discretion. In addition, the majority of these leases can be terminated early upon an adverse change in law which negatively affects the store’s profitability. The Company regularly evaluates renewal and termination options to determine if the Company is reasonably certain to exercise the option, and excludes these options from the lease term included in the recognition of the operating lease right of use asset and lease liability until such certainty exists. The weighted-average remaining lease term for operating leases was 4.2 years as of September 30, 2024 and 3.9 years as of September 30, 2023.
The operating lease right of use asset and lease liability is recognized based on the present value of the future minimum lease payments over the lease term at the commencement date. The Company’s leases do not provide an implicit rate, and therefore, it uses its incremental borrowing rate based on the information available at the lease commencement date in determining the present value of the lease payments. The Company utilizes a portfolio approach for determining the incremental borrowing rate to apply to groups of leases with similar characteristics. The weighted-average discount rate used to measure the lease liability as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 was 8.4% and 7.7%, respectively.
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The Company has certain operating leases in Mexico which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The liability related to these leases is considered a monetary liability and requires remeasurement each reporting period into the functional currency (Mexican pesos) using reporting date exchange rates. The remeasurement results in the recognition of foreign currency exchange gains or losses each reporting period, which can produce a certain level of earnings volatility. The Company recognized a foreign currency loss of $1.4 million and $0.6 million during the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the remeasurement of these U.S. dollar-denominated operating leases, which is included in loss (gain) on foreign exchange in the accompanying consolidated statements of income. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, the Company recognized a foreign currency loss of $3.0 million and a gain of $1.7 million, respectively, related to these U.S. dollar denominated leases.
Lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, with variable lease expense recognized in the period such payments are incurred. The following table details the components of lease expense included in operating expenses in the consolidated statements of income during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Operating lease expense | $ | 36,288 |  |  | $ | 36,687 |  |  | $ | 110,760 |  |  | $ | 104,702 |
Variable lease expense (1) | 4,917 |  |  | 4,744 |  |  | 14,945 |  |  | 13,777 |
Total operating lease expense | $ | 41,205 |  |  | $ | 41,431 |  |  | $ | 125,705 |  |  | $ | 118,479 |

(1)Variable lease costs consist primarily of taxes, insurance and common area or other maintenance costs paid based on actual costs incurred by the lessor and can therefore vary over the lease term.
The following table details the maturity of lease liabilities for all operating leases as of September 30, 2024 (in thousands):

Three months ending December 31, 2024 | $ | 31,733 |
2025 | 113,581 |
2026 | 90,355 |
2027 | 63,051 |
2028 | 41,367 |
Thereafter | 43,244 |
Total | $ | 383,331 |
Less amount of lease payments representing interest | (59,582) |
Total present value of lease payments | $ | 323,749 |

The following table details supplemental cash flow information related to operating leases for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended
| September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of operating lease liabilities | $ | 99,910 |  |  | $ | 92,233 |
Leased assets obtained in exchange for new operating lease liabilities | $ | 104,584 |  |  | $ | 72,663 |

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Note 5 - Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The fair value of financial instruments is determined by reference to various market data and other valuation techniques, as appropriate. Financial assets and liabilities are classified based on the lowest level of input that is significant to the fair value measurement. The Company’s assessment of the significance of a particular input to the fair value measurement requires judgment, and may affect the valuation of the fair value of assets and liabilities and their placement within the fair value hierarchy levels. The three fair value levels are (from highest to lowest):
Level 1: Quoted market prices in active markets for identical assets or liabilities.
Level 2: Observable market-based inputs or unobservable inputs that are corroborated by market data.
Level 3: Unobservable inputs that are not corroborated by market data.
Recurring Fair Value Measurements
The Company did not have any financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023.
Fair Value Measurements on a Non-Recurring Basis
The Company measures non-financial assets and liabilities, such as property and equipment and intangible assets, at fair value on a non-recurring basis, or when events or circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets may be impaired. There were no such events or conditions identified during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Financial Assets and Liabilities Not Measured at Fair Value, But for Which Fair Value is Disclosed
The Company’s financial assets and liabilities as of September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023 that are not measured at fair value in the consolidated balance sheets are as follows (in thousands):

|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2024 |  | 2024 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 74,378 |  |  | 74,378 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 74,378 |
Pawn loans |  | 517,877 |  |  | 517,877 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 517,877 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 123,751 |  |  | 264,517 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 264,517 |
|  | $ | 822,326 |  |  | $ | 963,092 |  |  | $ | 106,320 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 856,772 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,550,000 |  |  | 1,534,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,534,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,750,000 |  |  | $ | 1,734,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,734,000 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of September 30, 2024 was $259.5 million. See Note 6.
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|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 72,336 |  |  | 72,336 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 72,336 |
Pawn loans |  | 483,785 |  |  | 483,785 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 483,785 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 113,307 |  |  | 230,357 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 230,357 |
|  | $ | 755,975 |  |  | $ | 873,025 |  |  | $ | 86,547 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 786,478 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 560,229 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,050,000 |  |  | 938,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 938,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,610,229 |  |  | $ | 1,498,229 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,498,229 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of September 30, 2023 was $224.6 million. See Note 6.

|  | Carrying Value |  | Estimated Fair Value
|  | December 31, |  | December 31, |  | Fair Value Measurements Using
|  | 2023 |  | 2023 |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
Financial assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 127,018 |  |  | $ | 127,018 |  |  | $ | 127,018 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable, net |  | 71,922 |  |  | 71,922 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 71,922 |
Pawn loans |  | 471,846 |  |  | 471,846 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 471,846 |
Finance receivables, net (1) |  | 113,901 |  |  | 227,732 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 227,732 |
|  | $ | 784,687 |  |  | $ | 898,518 |  |  | $ | 127,018 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 771,500 |
Financial liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facilities |  | $ | 568,000 |  |  | $ | 568,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 568,000 |  |  | $ | — |
Senior unsecured notes (outstanding principal) |  | 1,050,000 |  |  | 987,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 987,000 |  |  | — |
|  | $ | 1,618,000 |  |  | $ | 1,555,000 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,555,000 |  |  | $ | — |

(1)Finance receivables, gross as of December 31, 2023 were $227.5 million. See Note 6.
As cash and cash equivalents have maturities of less than three months, the carrying value of cash and cash equivalents approximates fair value. Due to their short-term maturities, the carrying value of pawn loans and accounts receivable, net approximate fair value.
Finance receivables are measured at amortized cost, net of an allowance for loan losses on the consolidated balance sheets. In estimating fair value for finance receivables, the Company utilized a discounted cash flow methodology. The Company used various unobservable inputs reflecting its own assumptions, such as contractual future principal and interest cash flows, future charge-off rates and discount rates (which consider current interest rates and are adjusted for credit risk, among other factors).
The carrying value of the unsecured credit facilities approximates fair value as of September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023. The fair value of the unsecured credit facilities is estimated based on market values for debt issuances with similar characteristics or rates currently available for debt with similar terms. In addition, the unsecured credit facilities have a variable interest rate based on the prevailing secured overnight financing rate (“SOFR”) or the Mexican Central Bank’s interbank equilibrium rate (“TIIE”) and reprice with any changes in SOFR or TIIE. The fair value of the senior unsecured notes is estimated based on quoted prices in markets that are not active.
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Note 6 - Finance Receivables, Net
Finance receivables, net, which include retail installment sales agreements and bank-originated loans, consist of the following (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023
Finance receivables, gross | $ | 259,485 |  |  | $ | 224,618 |  |  | $ | 227,474 |
Merchant partner discounts and premiums, net | (20,227) |  |  | (9,730) |  |  | (11,907) |
Unearned origination fees | (6,310) |  |  | (4,897) |  |  | (5,212) |
Finance receivables, amortized cost | 232,948 |  |  | 209,991 |  |  | 210,355 |
Less allowance for loan losses | (109,197) |  |  | (96,684) |  |  | (96,454) |
Finance receivables, net | $ | 123,751 |  |  | $ | 113,307 |  |  | $ | 113,901 |

The following table details the changes in the allowance for loan losses (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 99,961 |  |  | $ | 93,054 |  |  | $ | 96,454 |  |  | $ | 84,833 |
Provision for loan losses | 40,557 |  |  | 33,096 |  |  | 102,091 |  |  | 90,571 |
Charge-offs | (32,969) |  |  | (30,890) |  |  | (95,061) |  |  | (83,281) |
Recoveries | 1,648 |  |  | 1,424 |  |  | 5,713 |  |  | 4,561 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 109,197 |  |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  | $ | 109,197 |  |  | $ | 96,684 |

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The following is an assessment of the credit quality indicators of the amortized cost of finance receivables as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, by origination year (in thousands):

| Origination Year |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | Total
As of September 30, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 to 30 days past due | $ | 16,957 |  |  | $ | 4,739 |  |  | $ | 173 |  |  | $ | 21,869 |
31 to 60 days past due | 9,835 |  |  | 3,471 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 13,437 |
61 to 89 days past due (1) | 7,060 |  |  | 3,162 |  |  | 155 |  |  | 10,377 |
Total past due finance receivables | 33,852 |  |  | 11,372 |  |  | 459 |  |  | 45,683 |
Current finance receivables | 152,138 |  |  | 34,253 |  |  | 874 |  |  | 187,265 |
Finance receivables, amortized cost | $ | 185,990 |  |  | $ | 45,625 |  |  | $ | 1,333 |  |  | $ | 232,948 |
| Origination Year |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Total
As of September 30, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Delinquency: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
1 to 30 days past due | $ | 18,395 |  |  | $ | 5,014 |  |  | $ | 224 |  |  | $ | 23,633 |
31 to 60 days past due | 9,193 |  |  | 2,865 |  |  | 151 |  |  | 12,209 |
61 to 89 days past due (1) | 7,240 |  |  | 2,858 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 10,272 |
Total past due finance receivables | 34,828 |  |  | 10,737 |  |  | 549 |  |  | 46,114 |
Current finance receivables | 132,635 |  |  | 30,243 |  |  | 999 |  |  | 163,877 |
Finance receivables, amortized cost | $ | 167,463 |  |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  | $ | 1,548 |  |  | $ | 209,991 |

(1)The Company charges off finance receivables when a receivable is 90 days or more contractually past due.
The following table details the gross charge-offs of finance receivables for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, by origination year (in thousands):

| Origination Year |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  | Total
Finance receivables gross charge-offs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 | $ | 25,359 |  |  | $ | 63,525 |  |  | $ | 6,177 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 95,061 |
Gross charge-offs during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 | — |  |  | 24,676 |  |  | 51,150 |  |  | 7,455 |  |  | 83,281 |

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Note 7 - Leased Merchandise, Net
Leased merchandise, net consists of the following (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023
Leased merchandise | $ | 348,675 |  |  | $ | 365,677 |  |  | $ | 384,129 |
Processing fees | (3,809) |  |  | (4,155) |  |  | (4,348) |
Merchant partner discounts and premiums, net | 1,034 |  |  | 2,566 |  |  | 2,501 |
Accumulated depreciation | (114,762) |  |  | (115,774) |  |  | (115,964) |
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses | 231,138 |  |  | 248,314 |  |  | 266,318 |
Less allowance for lease losses | (93,369) |  |  | (105,145) |  |  | (95,127) |
Leased merchandise, net | $ | 137,769 |  |  | $ | 143,169 |  |  | $ | 171,191 |

The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease losses (in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended
| September 30, |  | September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 102,778 |  |  | $ | 110,972 |  |  | $ | 95,127 |  |  | $ | 79,189 |
Provision for lease losses | 39,171 |  |  | 39,736 |  |  | 129,834 |  |  | 141,674 |
Charge-offs | (50,228) |  |  | (47,225) |  |  | (136,907) |  |  | (120,726) |
Recoveries | 1,648 |  |  | 1,662 |  |  | 5,315 |  |  | 5,008 |
Balance at end of period | $ | 93,369 |  |  | $ | 105,145 |  |  | $ | 93,369 |  |  | $ | 105,145 |

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Note 8 - Long-Term Debt
The following table details the Company’s long-term debt at the respective principal amounts, net of unamortized debt issuance costs on the senior unsecured notes (in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | As of December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023
Revolving unsecured credit facilities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving unsecured credit facility, maturing 2029 (1) | $ | 200,000 |  |  | $ | 531,000 |  |  | $ | 568,000 |
Revolving unsecured uncommitted credit facility, maturing 2027 (1) | — |  |  | 29,229 |  |  | — |
Total revolving unsecured credit facilities | 200,000 |  |  | 560,229 |  |  | 568,000 |
Senior unsecured notes: |  |  |  |  |
4.625% senior unsecured notes due 2028 (2) | 495,304 |  |  | 494,239 |  |  | 494,499 |
5.625% senior unsecured notes due 2030 (3) | 543,879 |  |  | 542,912 |  |  | 543,148 |
6.875% senior unsecured notes due 2032 (4) | 491,421 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total senior unsecured notes | 1,530,604 |  |  | 1,037,151 |  |  | 1,037,647 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 1,730,604 |  |  | $ | 1,597,380 |  |  | $ | 1,605,647 |

(1)Debt issuance costs related to the Company’s revolving unsecured credit facilities are included in other assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(2)As of September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023, deferred debt issuance costs of $4.7 million, $5.8 million and $5.5 million, respectively, are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the senior unsecured notes due 2028 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(3)As of September 30, 2024, September 30, 2023 and December 31, 2023, deferred debt issuance costs of $6.1 million, $7.1 million and $6.9 million, respectively, are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the senior unsecured notes due 2030 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
(4)As of September 30, 2024, deferred debt issuance costs of $8.6 million are included as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the senior unsecured notes due 2032 in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
Revolving Unsecured Credit Facility
During the period from January 1, 2024 through August 8, 2024, the Company maintained an unsecured line of credit with a group of U.S.-based commercial lenders (the “Credit Facility”) in the amount of $640.0 million, which was scheduled to mature on August 30, 2027. The Credit Facility charged interest, at the Company’s option, of either (i) the prevailing SOFR (with interest periods of 1, 3 or 6 months at the Company’s option) plus a fixed spread of 2.5% and a fixed SOFR adjustment of 0.1% or (ii) the prevailing prime or base rate plus a fixed spread of 1.5% .
On August 8, 2024, the Credit Facility was amended (the “2024 Amendment”) in order to increase the total lender commitment, extend the term of the Credit Facility, amend certain financial covenants and modify the benchmark interest rate. Under the 2024 Amendment, the total lender commitment was increased from $640.0 million to $700.0 million and the term of the Credit Facility was extended to August 8, 2029. In addition, the permitted consolidated leverage ratio was increased to 3.25 times adjusted EBITDA for the full term of the agreement, while the other financial covenants remain substantially unchanged.
The Credit Facility, as amended by the 2024 Amendment, now bears interest at the Company’s option of either (i) the prevailing SOFR (with interest periods of 1, 3 or 6 months at the Company’s option) plus a fixed spread of 2.5% or (ii) the prevailing prime or base rate plus a fixed spread of 1.5%.
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As of September 30, 2024, the Company had $200.0 million in outstanding borrowings and $2.8 million in outstanding letters of credit under the Credit Facility, leaving $497.2 million available for future borrowings, subject to certain financial covenants. The agreement has an interest rate floor of 0%. Additionally, the Company is required to pay an annual commitment fee of 0.325% on the average daily unused portion of the Credit Facility commitment. The weighted-average interest rate on amounts outstanding under the Credit Facility at September 30, 2024 was 7.41% based on 1-month SOFR. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain financial covenants. The Credit Facility also contains customary restrictions on the Company’s ability to incur additional debt, grant liens, make investments, consummate acquisitions and similar negative covenants with customary carve-outs and baskets. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Credit Facility as of September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company made net payments of $368.0 million pursuant to the Credit Facility.
Revolving Unsecured Uncommitted Credit Facility
As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s primary subsidiary in Mexico, First Cash S.A. de C.V., maintained an unsecured and uncommitted line of credit guaranteed by FirstCash, Inc. with a bank in Mexico (the “Mexico Credit Facility”) in the amount of $600.0 million Mexican pesos. The Mexico Credit Facility bears interest at TIIE plus a fixed spread of 2.25% and matures on August 24, 2027. Under the terms of the Mexico Credit Facility, the Company is required to maintain certain financial ratios and comply with certain financial covenants. The Company was in compliance with the covenants of the Mexico Credit Facility as of September 30, 2024. At September 30, 2024, the Company had no amount outstanding under the Mexico Credit Facility and $30.6 million ($600.0 million pesos) available for future borrowings.
Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2028
On August 26, 2020, the Company issued $500.0 million of 4.625% senior unsecured notes due on September 1, 2028 (the “2028 Notes”), all of which are currently outstanding. Interest on the 2028 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1. The 2028 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis jointly and severally by all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its Credit Facility. The 2028 Notes will permit the Company to make restricted payments, such as purchasing shares of its stock and paying cash dividends, in an unlimited amount if, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of any indebtedness to make such payment, the Company's consolidated total debt ratio is less than 2.75 to 1. The consolidated total debt ratio is defined generally in the indenture governing the 2028 Notes as the ratio of (i) the total consolidated debt of the Company minus cash and cash equivalents of the Company to (ii) the Company’s consolidated trailing twelve months EBITDA, as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring expenses and giving pro forma effect to operations acquired during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio was 2.8 to 1. While the 2028 Notes generally limit the Company’s ability to make restricted payments if the consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1, restricted payments are allowable within certain permitted baskets, which currently provide the Company with continued flexibility to make restricted payments when the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 2.75 to 1.
Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2030
On December 13, 2021, the Company issued $550.0 million of 5.625% senior unsecured notes due on January 1, 2030 (the “2030 Notes”), all of which are currently outstanding. Interest on the 2030 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on January 1 and July 1. The 2030 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis jointly and severally by all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its Credit Facility. The 2030 Notes will permit the Company to make restricted payments, such as purchasing shares of its stock and paying cash dividends, in an unlimited amount if, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of any indebtedness to make such payment, the Company's consolidated total debt ratio is less than 3.0 to 1. The consolidated total debt ratio is defined generally in the indenture governing the 2030 Notes as the ratio of (i) the total consolidated debt of the Company minus cash and cash equivalents of the Company to (ii) the Company’s consolidated trailing twelve months EBITDA, as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring expenses and giving pro forma effect to operations acquired during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio was 2.8 to 1. While the 2030 Notes generally limit the Company’s ability to make restricted payments if the consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1, restricted payments are allowable within certain permitted baskets, which currently provides the Company with continued flexibility to make restricted payments when the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1.
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Senior Unsecured Notes Due 2032
On February 21, 2024, the Company issued $500.0 million of 6.875% senior unsecured notes due on March 1, 2032 (the “2032 Notes”), all of which are currently outstanding. Interest on the 2032 Notes is payable semi-annually in arrears on March 1 and September 1, commencing on September 1, 2024. The 2032 Notes were sold in a private placement in reliance on Rule 144A and Regulation S under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended. The Company used the net proceeds from the offering to repay a portion of the outstanding balance on the Credit Facility, after payment of fees and expenses related to the offering. The Company capitalized $9.1 million in debt issuance costs, which consisted primarily of the initial purchaser’s discount and fees and legal and other professional expenses. The debt issuance costs are being amortized over the life of the 2032 Notes as a component of interest expense and are carried as a direct deduction from the carrying amount of the 2032 Notes in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets.
The 2032 Notes are fully and unconditionally guaranteed on a senior unsecured basis jointly and severally by all of the Company's existing and future domestic subsidiaries that guarantee its Credit Facility. The 2032 Notes will permit the Company to make restricted payments, such as purchasing shares of its stock and paying cash dividends, in an unlimited amount if, after giving pro forma effect to the incurrence of any indebtedness to make such payment, the Company's consolidated total debt ratio is less than 3.0 to 1. The consolidated total debt ratio is defined generally in the indenture governing the 2032 Notes (the “2032 Notes Indenture”) as the ratio of (i) the total consolidated debt of the Company minus cash and cash equivalents of the Company to (ii) the Company’s consolidated trailing twelve months EBITDA, as adjusted to exclude certain non-recurring expenses and giving pro forma effect to operations acquired during the measurement period. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio was 2.8 to 1. While the 2032 Notes generally limit the Company’s ability to make restricted payments if the consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1, restricted payments are allowable within certain permitted baskets, which currently provides the Company with continued flexibility to make restricted payments when the Company’s consolidated total debt ratio is greater than 3.0 to 1.
The Company may redeem some or all of the 2032 Notes at any time on or after March 1, 2027, at the redemption prices set forth in the 2032 Notes Indenture, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any. In addition, prior to March 1, 2027, the Company may redeem some or all of the 2032 Notes at a price equal to 100% of the principal amount thereof, plus accrued and unpaid interest, if any, plus a “make-whole” premium set forth in the 2032 Notes Indenture. The Company may redeem up to 40% of the 2032 Notes on or prior to March 1, 2027 with the proceeds of certain equity offerings at the redemption prices set forth in the 2032 Notes Indenture. If the Company or any of its restricted subsidiaries sells certain assets or if the Company consummates certain change in control transactions, the Company will be required to make an offer to repurchase the 2032 Notes.
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Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies
Litigation
The Company, in the ordinary course of business, is a party to various legal and regulatory proceedings and other general claims. Although no assurances can be given, in management’s opinion, such outstanding proceedings are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
The Company believes it has meritorious defenses to all of the claims described below and intends to vigorously defend itself against such claims. However, legal and regulatory proceedings involve an inherent level of uncertainty and no assurances can be given regarding the ultimate outcome of any such matters or whether an adverse outcome would not have a material adverse impact on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. At this stage, the Company is unable to determine whether a future loss will be incurred for any of its material outstanding legal and regulatory proceedings or to estimate a range of loss with respect to such proceeding, if any, and accordingly, no material amounts have been accrued in the Company’s financial statements for legal and regulatory proceedings.
On November 12, 2021, the CFPB initiated a civil action in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas (the “N.D. Texas Court”) against FirstCash, Inc. and Cash America West, Inc., two of the Company’s subsidiaries, alleging violations of the Military Lending Act (“MLA”) in connection with pawn transactions. The CFPB also alleges that these same alleged violations of the MLA constitute breaches of a 2013 CFPB consent order entered into by its predecessor company that, among other things, allegedly required the company and its successors to cease and desist from further MLA violations. The CFPB is seeking an injunction, redress for affected borrowers and a civil monetary penalty. After an initial period of pre-trial activity, the case was stayed on November 4, 2022, pending the Supreme Court review of the Fifth Circuit's decision in Community Financial v. CFPB, where the Fifth Circuit held the CFPB’s funding mechanism was unconstitutional and its ensuing actions were void. The Supreme Court reversed that decision through an opinion issued on May 16, 2024. The N.D. Texas Court then issued a scheduling order on June 18, 2024, with the case currently scheduled for trial in June of 2025. On July 2, 2024, the CFPB renewed their prior motion to strike certain affirmative defenses of the Company, which the Company has opposed, including through the submission of a motion for partial summary judgment. That motion remains under submission. The Company intends to vigorously defend the action.
Gold Forward Sales Contracts
As of September 30, 2024, the Company had contractual commitments to deliver a total of 72,500 gold ounces between the months of October 2024 and June 2026 at a weighted-average price of $2,188 per ounce. The ounces required to be delivered over this time period are less than the historical volume of scrap gold normally produced, and the Company expects to have the required gold ounces to meet the commitments as they come due.
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Note 10 - Segment Information
The Company organizes its operations into three reportable segments as follows:
•U.S. pawn
•Latin America pawn
•Retail POS payment solutions (AFF)
Corporate expenses and income, which include administrative expenses, corporate depreciation and amortization, interest expense, interest income, loss (gain) on foreign exchange, merger and acquisition expenses, and other expenses (income), net, are presented on a consolidated basis and are not allocated between the U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment or retail POS payment solutions segment. Intersegment transactions relate to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores and are eliminated to arrive at consolidated totals.
The following tables present reportable segment information for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 as well as segment earning assets (in thousands):

|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 235,037 |  |  | $ | 129,081 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (977) |  | (1) | $ | 363,141 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 128,393 |  |  | 58,168 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 186,561 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 188,560 |  |  | — |  |  | 188,560 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,198 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,198 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 26,685 |  |  | 11,176 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,861 |
Total revenue |  | 390,115 |  |  | 198,425 |  |  | 249,758 |  |  | (977) |  |  | 837,321 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 134,966 |  |  | 83,729 |  |  | — |  |  | (517) |  | (1) | 218,178 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 105,308 |  |  | (380) |  | (1) | 104,928 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,268 |  |  | (97) |  | (1) | 39,171 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,557 |  |  | — |  |  | 40,557 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 21,393 |  |  | 8,487 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 29,880 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 156,359 |  |  | 92,216 |  |  | 185,133 |  |  | (994) |  |  | 432,714 |
Net revenue |  | 233,756 |  |  | 106,209 |  |  | 64,625 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 404,607 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 128,104 |  |  | 63,062 |  |  | 33,760 |  |  | — |  |  | 224,926 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 40,930 |  |  | 40,930 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 7,365 |  |  | 4,676 |  |  | 679 |  |  | 13,213 |  |  | 25,933 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 27,424 |  |  | 27,424 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (403) |  |  | (403) |
Loss on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 882 |  |  | 882 |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |  |  | 225 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (490) |  |  | (490) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 135,469 |  |  | 67,738 |  |  | 34,439 |  |  | 81,781 |  |  | 319,427 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 98,287 |  |  | $ | 38,471 |  |  | $ | 30,186 |  |  | $ | (81,764) |  |  | $ | 85,180 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 702,120 |  |  | $ | 394,375 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (3,070) |  | (1) | $ | 1,093,425 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 371,699 |  |  | 175,443 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 547,142 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 588,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 588,801 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 175,384 |  |  | — |  |  | 175,384 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 70,722 |  |  | 29,229 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 99,951 |
Total revenue |  | 1,144,541 |  |  | 599,047 |  |  | 764,185 |  |  | (3,070) |  |  | 2,504,703 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 407,329 |  |  | 254,188 |  |  | — |  |  | (1,663) |  | (1) | 659,854 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 336,649 |  |  | (1,280) |  | (1) | 335,369 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,272 |  |  | (438) |  | (1) | 129,834 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,091 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,091 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 57,928 |  |  | 23,783 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 81,711 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 465,257 |  |  | 277,971 |  |  | 569,012 |  |  | (3,381) |  |  | 1,308,859 |
Net revenue |  | 679,284 |  |  | 321,076 |  |  | 195,173 |  |  | 311 |  |  | 1,195,844 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 372,191 |  |  | 198,389 |  |  | 103,851 |  |  | — |  |  | 674,431 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 129,563 |  |  | 129,563 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 21,609 |  |  | 15,199 |  |  | 2,078 |  |  | 39,621 |  |  | 78,507 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 78,029 |  |  | 78,029 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,407) |  |  | (1,407) |
Loss on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,133 |  |  | 2,133 |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 2,186 |  |  | 2,186 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (841) |  |  | (841) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 393,800 |  |  | 213,588 |  |  | 105,929 |  |  | 249,284 |  |  | 962,601 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 285,484 |  |  | $ | 107,488 |  |  | $ | 89,244 |  |  | $ | (248,973) |  |  | $ | 233,243 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.

|  | As of September 30, 2024
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans |  | $ | 380,962 |  |  | $ | 136,915 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 517,877 |
Finance receivables, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 123,751 |  |  | — |  |  | 123,751 |
Inventories |  | 238,668 |  |  | 95,726 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 334,394 |
Leased merchandise, net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 137,973 |  |  | (204) |  | (1) | 137,769 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 203,769 |  |  | $ | 132,784 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (1,472) |  | (1) | $ | 335,081 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 114,022 |  |  | 60,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174,560 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 189,382 |  |  | — |  |  | 189,382 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 61,413 |  |  | — |  |  | 61,413 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 17,140 |  |  | 8,725 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 25,865 |
Total revenue |  | 334,931 |  |  | 202,047 |  |  | 250,795 |  |  | (1,472) |  |  | 786,301 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 115,670 |  |  | 84,816 |  |  | — |  |  | (767) |  | (1) | 199,719 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,198 |  |  | (500) |  | (1) | 103,698 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39,640 |  |  | 96 |  | (1) | 39,736 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33,096 |  |  | — |  |  | 33,096 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 14,297 |  |  | 7,108 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21,405 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 129,967 |  |  | 91,924 |  |  | 176,934 |  |  | (1,171) |  |  | 397,654 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 204,964 |  |  | 110,123 |  |  | 73,861 |  |  | (301) |  |  | 388,647 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 113,976 |  |  | 63,907 |  |  | 33,641 |  |  | — |  |  | 211,524 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,056 |  |  | 45,056 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 6,586 |  |  | 5,236 |  |  | 771 |  |  | 14,772 |  |  | 27,365 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 24,689 |  |  | 24,689 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (328) |  |  | (328) |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (286) |  |  | (286) |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,387 |  |  | 3,387 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (384) |  |  | (384) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 120,562 |  |  | 69,143 |  |  | 34,412 |  |  | 86,906 |  |  | 311,023 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 84,402 |  |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  | $ | 39,449 |  |  | $ | (87,207) |  |  | $ | 77,624 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.
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|  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 610,493 |  |  | $ | 378,302 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (4,935) |  | (1) | $ | 983,860 |
Pawn loan fees |  | 315,679 |  |  | 164,619 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 480,298 |
Leased merchandise income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 562,625 |  |  | — |  |  | 562,625 |
Interest and fees on finance receivables |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 174,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 174,247 |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 61,108 |  |  | 37,524 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98,632 |
Total revenue |  | 987,280 |  |  | 580,445 |  |  | 736,872 |  |  | (4,935) |  |  | 2,299,662 |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 349,138 |  |  | 244,439 |  |  | — |  |  | (2,586) |  | (1) | 590,991 |
Depreciation of leased merchandise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 309,432 |  |  | (1,608) |  | (1) | 307,824 |
Provision for lease losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141,854 |  |  | (180) |  | (1) | 141,674 |
Provision for loan losses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 90,571 |  |  | — |  |  | 90,571 |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 49,604 |  |  | 29,408 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 79,012 |
Total cost of revenue |  | 398,742 |  |  | 273,847 |  |  | 541,857 |  |  | (4,374) |  |  | 1,210,072 |
Net revenue (loss) |  | 588,538 |  |  | 306,598 |  |  | 195,015 |  |  | (561) |  |  | 1,089,590 |
Expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 331,916 |  |  | 179,170 |  |  | 104,280 |  |  | — |  |  | 615,366 |
Administrative expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 124,428 |  |  | 124,428 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 18,786 |  |  | 15,884 |  |  | 2,258 |  |  | 44,598 |  |  | 81,526 |
Interest expense |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 66,657 |  |  | 66,657 |
Interest income |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,253) |  |  | (1,253) |
Gain on foreign exchange |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (1,905) |  |  | (1,905) |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3,670 |  |  | 3,670 |
Other expenses (income), net |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (260) |  |  | (260) |
Total expenses and other income |  | 350,702 |  |  | 195,054 |  |  | 106,538 |  |  | 235,935 |  |  | 888,229 |
Income (loss) before income taxes |  | $ | 237,836 |  |  | $ | 111,544 |  |  | $ | 88,477 |  |  | $ | (236,496) |  |  | $ | 201,361 |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.

|  | As of September 30, 2023
|  | U.S. Pawn |  | Latin America Pawn |  | Retail POS Payment Solutions |  | Corporate/ Eliminations |  | Consolidated
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans |  | $ | 341,123 |  | $ | 142,662 |  | $ | — |  | $ | — |  | $ | 483,785
Finance receivables, net |  | — |  | — |  | 113,307 |  | — |  | 113,307
Inventories |  | 217,406 |  | 96,976 |  | — |  | — |  | 314,382
Leased merchandise, net |  | — |  | — |  | 144,826 |  | (1,657) | (1) | 143,169

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion of financial condition, results of operations, liquidity and capital resources of FirstCash Holdings, Inc. and its wholly-owned subsidiaries (together, the “Company”) should be read in conjunction with the Company’s consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes included under Part I, Item 1 of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q, as well as with the audited consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes and Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations included in the Company’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
GENERAL
The Company’s primary line of business is the operation of retail pawn stores, also known as “pawnshops,” which focus on serving cash- and credit-constrained consumers. The Company is the leading operator of pawn stores in the U.S. and Latin America. Pawn stores help customers meet small short-term cash needs by providing non-recourse pawn loans and buying merchandise directly from customers. Personal property, such as jewelry, electronics, tools, appliances, sporting goods and musical instruments, is pledged and held as collateral for the pawn loans over the typical 30-day term of the loan. Pawn stores also generate retail sales primarily from the merchandise acquired through collateral forfeitures and over-the-counter purchases from customers.
The Company is also a leading provider of technology-driven, retail POS payment solutions focused on serving credit-constrained consumers. The Company’s retail POS payment solutions business line consists solely of the operations of AFF, which focuses on LTO products and facilitating other retail financing payment options across a large network of traditional and e-commerce merchant partners in all 50 states in the U.S., the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. AFF’s retail partners provide consumer goods and services to their customers and use AFF’s LTO and retail finance solutions to facilitate payments on such transactions.
The Company’s two business lines are organized into three reportable segments. The U.S. pawn segment consists of pawn operations in the U.S. while the Latin America pawn segment consists of pawn operations in Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia and El Salvador. The retail POS payment solutions segment consists of the operations of AFF in the U.S. and Puerto Rico.
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OPERATIONS AND LOCATIONS
Pawn Operations
As of September 30, 2024, the Company operated 3,025 pawn store locations composed of 1,201 stores in 29 U.S. states and the District of Columbia, 1,723 stores in 32 states in Mexico, 72 stores in Guatemala, 17 stores in El Salvador and 12 stores in Colombia.
The following tables detail pawn store count activity for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2024:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2024
| U.S. |  | Latin America |  | Total
Total locations, beginning of period | 1,201 |  |  | 1,817 |  |  | 3,018 |
New locations opened (1) | — |  |  | 15 |  |  | 15 |
Locations acquired | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 1 |
Consolidation of existing pawn locations (2) | (1) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (9) |
Total locations, end of period | 1,201 |  |  | 1,824 |  |  | 3,025 |
| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024
| U.S. |  | Latin America |  | Total
Total locations, beginning of period | 1,183 |  |  | 1,814 |  |  | 2,997 |
New locations opened (1) | 1 |  |  | 54 |  |  | 55 |
Locations acquired | 28 |  |  | — |  |  | 28 |
Consolidation of existing pawn locations (2) (3) | (11) |  |  | (44) |  |  | (55) |
Total locations, end of period | 1,201 |  |  | 1,824 |  |  | 3,025 |

(1)In addition to new store openings, the Company strategically relocated three stores in the U.S and one store in Latin America. during the three months ended September 30, 2024. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company strategically relocated nine stores in the U.S and one store in Latin America.
(2)Store consolidations were primarily acquired locations which have been combined with overlapping stores and for which the Company expects to maintain a significant portion of the acquired customer base in the consolidated location.
(3)Includes 10 pawnshops located in Acapulco, Mexico that were severely damaged by a hurricane in the fall of 2023 which the Company elected to consolidate with other stores in this market. The Company expects to replace certain of these locations in this market over time as the city’s infrastructure recovers.
POS Payment Solutions
As of September 30, 2024, AFF provided LTO and retail POS payment solutions for consumer goods and services through a network of approximately 13,500 active retail merchant partner locations located in all 50 U.S. states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. This compares to the active door count of approximately 10,800 locations at September 30, 2023.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING ESTIMATES
The financial statements have been prepared in accordance with GAAP. The significant accounting policies and estimates that the Company believes are the most critical to aid in fully understanding and evaluating its reported financial results have been reported in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no changes to the Company’s significant accounting policies for the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS (unaudited)
Operating Results for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Three Months Ended September 30, 2023
U.S. Pawn Segment
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the U.S. pawn segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales (1) | $ | 235,037 |  |  | $ | 203,769 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 128,393 |  |  |  | 114,022 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 26,685 |  |  |  | 17,140 |  |  |  | 56 | % |
Total revenue |  | 390,115 |  |  |  | 334,931 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold (2) |  | 134,966 |  |  |  | 115,670 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 21,393 |  |  |  | 14,297 |  |  |  | 50 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 156,359 |  |  |  | 129,967 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Net revenue |  | 233,756 |  |  |  | 204,964 |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 128,104 |  |  |  | 113,976 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 7,365 |  |  |  | 6,586 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 135,469 |  |  |  | 120,562 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 98,287 |  |  | $ | 84,402 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 43 | % |  | 43 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 60 | % |  | 61 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 25 | % |  | 25 | % |  |  |  |

(1)Includes $1.0 million and $1.5 million of retail merchandise sales from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment sales, consolidated U.S. retail merchandise sales for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $234.1 million and $202.3 million, respectively.
(2)Includes $0.5 million and $0.8 million of cost of retail merchandise sold from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment sales, consolidated U.S. cost of retail merchandise sold for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $134.4 million and $114.9 million, respectively.
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The following table details earning assets, which consist of pawn loans and inventories as well as other earning asset metrics of the U.S. pawn segment, as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except as otherwise noted):

| As of September 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans | $ | 380,962 |  |  | $ | 341,123 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Inventories |  | 238,668 |  |  |  | 217,406 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
| $ | 619,630 |  |  | $ | 558,529 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Average outstanding pawn loan amount (in ones) | $ | 264 |  |  | $ | 245 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Composition of pawn collateral: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 30 | % |  | 31 | % |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 70 | % |  | 69 | % |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
Composition of inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 43 | % |  | 45 | % |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 57 | % |  | 55 | % |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |
Percentage of inventory aged greater than one year | 2 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |
Inventory turns (trailing twelve months cost of merchandise sales divided by average inventories) | 2.8 times |  | 2.8 times |  |  |  |

Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
U.S. retail merchandise sales increased 15%, totaling $235.0 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $203.8 million for the third quarter of 2023. Same-store retail sales increased 7% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase in total retail sales was due to incremental sales contributions from acquired stores and the same-store sales increase. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales in the U.S. was 43% for both comparative periods, reflecting continued demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise and low levels of aged inventory.
U.S. inventories increased 10% from $217.4 million at September 30, 2023 to $238.7 million at September 30, 2024. The increase was primarily due to incremental inventories from acquired stores and an increase in same-store inventories as a result of the higher pawn loan balances noted below. Inventories aged greater than one year in the U.S. were 2% at September 30, 2024 compared to 1% at September 30, 2023.
Pawn Lending Operations
U.S. pawn loan receivables as of September 30, 2024 increased 12% in total and 10% on a same-store basis compared to September 30, 2023. The Company believes the increase in same-store pawn receivables was primarily due to continued inflationary pressures driving additional demand for pawn loans and higher gold prices, which increased customers’ collateral value.
U.S. pawn loan fees increased 13% to $128.4 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $114.0 million for the third quarter of 2023. Same-store pawn fees in the third quarter of 2024 increased 8% compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase in total and same-store pawn loan fees was primarily due to store growth and continued growth in demand for pawn loans.
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Segment Expenses
U.S. operating expenses increased 12% to $128.1 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $114.0 million during the third quarter of 2023 while same-store operating expenses increased 6% compared with the prior-year period. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to store growth.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The U.S. segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2024 was $98.3 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 25% compared to $84.4 million and 25% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income reflected increased net revenue from both acquired and existing stores partially offset by an increase in segment expenses.
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Latin America Pawn Segment
Latin American segment pre-tax operating income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 was impacted by an 11% unfavorable change in the average value of the Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. The translated value of Latin American earning assets as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023 was also impacted by an 11% unfavorable change in the end-of-period Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar. Constant currency results are non-GAAP financial measures, which exclude the effects of foreign currency translation and are calculated by translating current-year results at prior-year average exchange rates. See the “Constant Currency Results” section in “Non-GAAP Financial Information” below for additional discussion of constant currency operating results.
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the Latin America pawn segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Three Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
|  | Three Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | September 30, |  | Increase / |  | 2024 |  | (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 129,081 |  |  |  | $ | 132,784 |  |  |  | (3) | % |  |  | $ | 142,147 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 58,168 |  |  |  | 60,538 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | 64,130 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 11,176 |  |  |  | 8,725 |  |  |  | 28 | % |  |  | 11,176 |  |  |  | 28 | % |
Total revenue |  | 198,425 |  |  |  | 202,047 |  |  |  | (2) | % |  |  | 217,453 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 83,729 |  |  |  | 84,816 |  |  |  | (1) | % |  |  | 92,131 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 8,487 |  |  |  | 7,108 |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  | 9,378 |  |  |  | 32 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 92,216 |  |  |  | 91,924 |  |  |  | — | % |  |  | 101,509 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Net revenue |  | 106,209 |  |  |  | 110,123 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | 115,944 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 63,062 |  |  |  | 63,907 |  |  |  | (1) | % |  |  | 69,199 |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 4,676 |  |  |  | 5,236 |  |  |  | (11) | % |  |  | 5,117 |  |  |  | (2) | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 67,738 |  |  |  | 69,143 |  |  |  | (2) | % |  |  | 74,316 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income |  | $ | 38,471 |  |  |  | $ | 40,980 |  |  |  | (6) | % |  |  | $ | 41,628 |  |  |  | 2 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 35 | % |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 54 | % |  | 55 | % |  |  |  |  | 53 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 19 | % |  | 20 | % |  |  |  |  | 19 | % |  |  |  |

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The following table details earning assets, which consist of pawn loans and inventories as well as other earning asset metrics of the Latin America pawn segment, as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands, except as otherwise noted):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | As of |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  |
| As of September 30, |  |  |  | 2024 | Increase
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Earning assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans | $ | 136,915 |  |  | $ | 142,662 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | $ | 151,486 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Inventories |  | 95,726 |  |  |  | 96,976 |  |  |  | (1) | % |  |  | 105,792 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
| $ | 232,641 |  |  | $ | 239,638 |  |  |  | (3) | % |  |  | $ | 257,278 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Average outstanding pawn loan amount (in ones) | $ | 85 |  |  | $ | 89 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | $ | 94 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Composition of pawn collateral: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 62 | % |  | 66 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 38 | % |  | 34 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Composition of inventories: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
General merchandise | 70 | % |  | 68 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Jewelry | 30 | % |  | 32 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 100 | % |  | 100 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Percentage of inventory aged greater than one year | 1 | % |  | 1 | % |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Inventory turns (trailing twelve months cost of merchandise sales divided by average inventories) | 4.2 times |  | 4.3 times |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
Latin America retail merchandise sales decreased 3% (7% increase on a constant currency basis) to $129.1 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $132.8 million for the third quarter of 2023. Same-store retail sales also decreased 3% (7% increase on a constant currency basis) during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase in constant currency total and same-store retail sales was primarily due to increased inventory levels during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023 and greater demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales was 35% during the third quarter of 2024 compared to 36% during the third quarter of 2023.
Latin America inventories decreased 1% (9% increase on a constant currency basis) from $97.0 million at September 30, 2023 to $95.7 million at September 30, 2024. The increase in constant currency inventories was primarily due to increases in pawn loan receivable balances over the past several quarters creating more forfeited inventory. Inventories aged greater than one year in Latin America were 1% at both September 30, 2024 and 2023.
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Pawn Lending Operations
Latin America pawn loan receivables decreased 4% (6% increase on a constant currency basis) as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023. On a same-store basis, pawn loan receivables also decreased 4% (6% increase on a constant currency basis) as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023. The increase in constant currency total and same-store pawn receivables is primarily due to increasing demand for pawn loans and larger loan sizes driven in part by higher gold prices and a slightly increased mix of higher value jewelry loans.
Latin America pawn loan fees decreased 4% (6% increase on a constant currency basis), totaling $58.2 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $60.5 million for the third quarter of 2023. Same-store pawn fees also decreased 4% (6% increase on a constant currency basis) in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023. The increase in total and same-store constant currency pawn loan fees was primarily due to increased constant currency average pawn loan receivable balances outstanding during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses decreased 1% (8% increase on a constant currency basis) to $63.1 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $63.9 million during the third quarter of 2023. Same-store operating expenses decreased 2% (8% increase on a constant currency basis) compared to the prior-year period. The constant currency increase in total and same-store constant currency operating expenses was primarily driven by increased store counts, accelerated store opening activity, general inflationary impacts and continued increases in the federally mandated minimum wage and increased costs associated with required employee benefit programs.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2024 was $38.5 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 19% compared to $41.0 million and 20% in the prior year, respectively. The decrease in the segment pre-tax operating income and margin reflected the decrease in net revenue, partially offset by a decrease in operating expenses.
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Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment
Retail POS Payment Solutions Operating Results
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income of the retail POS payment solutions segment for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of certain operations-focused departments, merchant partner incentives, bank and other payment processing charges, credit reporting costs, information technology costs, advertising costs and other operational costs incurred by AFF. Administrative expenses and amortization expense of intangible assets related to the purchase of AFF are not included in the segment pre-tax operating income.

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise income | $ | 188,560 |  |  | $ | 189,382 |  |  |  | — | % |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 61,198 |  |  | 61,413 |  |  |  | — | % |
Total revenue | 249,758 |  |  | 250,795 |  |  |  | — | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise (1) | 105,308 |  |  | 104,198 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Provision for lease losses (2) | 39,268 |  |  | 39,640 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Provision for loan losses | 40,557 |  |  | 33,096 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Total cost of revenue | 185,133 |  |  | 176,934 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Net revenue | 64,625 |  |  | 73,861 |  |  |  | (13) | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 33,760 |  |  | 33,641 |  |  |  | — | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 679 |  |  | 771 |  |  |  | (12) | % |
Total segment expenses | 34,439 |  |  | 34,412 |  |  |  | — | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 30,186 |  |  | $ | 39,449 |  |  |  | (23) | % |

(1)Includes $0.4 million and $0.5 million of depreciation of leased merchandise from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated depreciation of leased merchandise for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $104.9 million and $103.7 million, respectively.
(2)Includes a provision increase of $0.1 million and a provision reduction of $0.1 million from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated provision for lease losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $39.2 million and $39.7 million, respectively.
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The following table provides a detail of gross transaction volumes originated during the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Leased merchandise | $ | 143,146 |  |  | $ | 147,513 |  |  |  | (3) | % |
Finance receivables | 142,910 |  |  | 103,183 |  |  |  | 39 | % |
Total gross transaction volume | $ | 286,056 |  |  | $ | 250,696 |  |  |  | 14 | % |

The following table details retail POS payment solutions earning assets as of September 30, 2024 as compared to September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| As of September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Leased merchandise, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses | $ | 231,796 |  |  | $ | 250,298 |  |  |  | (7) | % |
Less allowance for lease losses | (93,823) |  |  | (105,472) |  |  |  | (11) | % |
Leased merchandise, net (1) | $ | 137,973 |  |  | $ | 144,826 |  |  |  | (5) | % |
Finance receivables, net: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Finance receivables, before allowance for loan losses | $ | 232,948 |  |  | $ | 209,991 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Less allowance for loan losses | (109,197) |  |  | (96,684) |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Finance receivables, net | $ | 123,751 |  |  | $ | 113,307 |  |  |  | 9 | % |

(1)Includes $0.2 million and $1.7 million of intersegment transactions as of September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated net leased merchandise as of September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $137.8 million and $143.2 million, respectively.
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The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease and loan losses and other portfolio metrics for the three months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Allowance for lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 103,301 |  |  |  | $ | 110,964 |  |  |  | (7) | % |
Provision for lease losses (1) |  | 39,268 |  |  |  | 39,640 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Charge-offs |  | (50,394) |  |  |  | (46,794) |  |  |  | 8 | % |
Recoveries |  | 1,648 |  |  |  | 1,662 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 93,823 |  |  |  | $ | 105,472 |  |  |  | (11) | % |
Leased merchandise portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision rate (2) | 27 | % |  | 27 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 6.8 | % |  | 5.9 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 23.6 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 99,961 |  |  |  | $ | 93,054 |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Provision for loan losses |  | 40,557 |  |  |  | 33,096 |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Charge-offs |  | (32,969) |  |  |  | (30,890) |  |  |  | 7 | % |
Recoveries |  | 1,648 |  |  |  | 1,424 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 109,197 |  |  |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Finance receivables portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision rate (2) | 28 | % |  | 32 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 4.8 | % |  | 4.7 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 19.4 | % |  | 21.9 | % |  |  |  |

(1)Includes a provision increase of $0.1 million and a provision reduction of $0.1 million from intersegment transactions for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated provision for lease losses for the three months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $39.2 million and $39.7 million, respectively.
(2)Calculated as provision for lease or loan losses as a percentage of the respective gross transaction volume originated.
(3)Calculated as charge-offs, net of recoveries, as a percentage of the respective average earning asset balance before allowance for lease or loan losses.
(4)Calculated as the percentage of the respective contractual earning asset balance owed that is 1 to 89 days past due (the Company charges off leases and finance receivables when they are 90 days or more contractually past due).
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LTO Operations
Leased merchandise, before allowance for lease losses, decreased 7% as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023. The decrease was primarily due to decreased gross transaction volumes originated by retail furniture merchant partners.
The allowance for lease losses decreased 11% to $93.8 million as of September 30, 2024 compared to $105.5 million as of September 30, 2023, which was primarily due to the decrease in leased merchandise. As a percentage of lease merchandise, the allowance was 40% at September 30, 2024 and 42% at September 30, 2023.
Leased merchandise income decreased slightly to $188.6 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $189.4 million during the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily due to lower average leased merchandise balances outstanding during the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023.
Depreciation of leased merchandise increased 1% to $105.3 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $104.2 million during the third quarter of 2023. As a percentage of leased merchandise income, depreciation of leased merchandise increased slightly from 55% during the third quarter of 2023 to 56% during the third quarter of 2024.
Provision for lease losses decreased 1% to $39.3 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $39.6 million during the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily due to the 3% decrease in gross transaction volumes. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for lease losses was consistent at 27% during both the third quarter of 2024 and 2023.
Retail Finance Operations
Finance receivables, before allowance for loan losses, increased 11% as of September 30, 2024 compared to September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to increased gross transaction volumes in certain non-furniture industry verticals.
The allowance for loan losses increased 13% to $109.2 million as of September 30, 2024 compared to $96.7 million as of September 30, 2023, which was primarily due to the increase in finance receivables. As a percentage of finance receivables, the allowance was 47% at September 30, 2024 compared to 46% at September 30, 2023.
Interest and fees on finance receivables decreased slightly to $61.2 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $61.4 million during the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily due to a slight decline in portfolio yield primarily as a result of AFF expanding its offerings and merchant relationships in certain services sector verticals in the third quarter of 2024, some of which provide slightly lower interest rates.
Provision for loan losses increased 23% to $40.6 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $33.1 million during the third quarter of 2023, which was primarily due to the 39% increase in gross transaction volume, partially offset by a reduction in the net provisioning rates used during the third quarter of 2024 based on lower than expected loss rates on older vintages. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for loan losses decreased from 32% during the third quarter of 2023 to 28% during the third quarter of 2024.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses were essentially flat at $33.8 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $33.6 million during the third quarter of 2023. As a percentage of segment revenues, operating expenses increased slightly from 13% during the third quarter of 2023 to 14% during the third quarter of 2024.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income for the third quarter of 2024 was $30.2 million compared to $39.4 million in the third quarter of 2023. The decrease was primarily the result of the decrease in segment net revenue.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table reconciles pre-tax operating income of the Company’s U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment and retail POS payment solutions segment, discussed above, to consolidated net income for the three months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the three months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Three Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Consolidated Results of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. pawn | $ | 98,287 |  |  | $ | 84,402 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Latin America pawn | 38,471 |  |  | 40,980 |  |  |  | (6) | % |
Retail POS payment solutions | 30,186 |  |  | 39,449 |  |  |  | (23) | % |
Intersegment elimination (1) | 17 |  |  | (301) |  |  |  | (106) | % |
Consolidated segment pre-tax operating income | 166,961 |  |  | 164,530 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Corporate expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative expenses | 40,930 |  |  | 45,056 |  |  |  | (9) | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 13,213 |  |  | 14,772 |  |  |  | (11) | % |
Interest expense | 27,424 |  |  | 24,689 |  |  |  | 11 | % |
Interest income | (403) |  |  | (328) |  |  |  | 23 | % |
Loss (gain) on foreign exchange | 882 |  |  | (286) |  |  |  | (408) | % |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 225 |  |  | 3,387 |  |  |  | (93) | % |
Other expenses (income), net | (490) |  |  | (384) |  |  |  | 28 | % |
Total corporate expenses and other income | 81,781 |  |  | 86,906 |  |  |  | (6) | % |
Income before income taxes | 85,180 |  |  | 77,624 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Provision for income taxes | 20,353 |  |  | 20,480 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Net income | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  |  | 13 | % |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores. For further detail, see Note 10 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Corporate Expenses and Taxes
Administrative expenses decreased 9% to $40.9 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $45.1 million in the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to decreased management incentive compensation expense and an 11% change in the average value of the Mexican peso resulting in lower U.S. dollar translated administrative expenses in Latin America, partially offset by the increase in the pawn store count. As a percentage of revenue, administrative expenses were 5% in the third quarter of 2024 compared to 6% during the third quarter of 2023.
Depreciation and amortization decreased 11% to $13.2 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $14.8 million in the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to a $1.7 million decrease in amortization of acquired AFF intangible assets.
Interest expense increased 11% to $27.4 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $24.7 million in the third quarter of 2023, primarily due to higher floating interest rates on the Company’s unsecured bank credit facilities and slightly higher average outstanding debt balances. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
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Merger and acquisition expenses decreased 93% to $0.2 million during the third quarter of 2024 compared to $3.4 million in the third quarter of 2023, due to timing of acquisition activity.
Consolidated effective income tax rates for the third quarter of 2024 and 2023 were 23.9% and 26.4%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in U.S.-sourced income as a result of the U.S. store acquisition activity since the beginning of 2023, which is taxed at a lower rate than the Latin American countries in which the Company operates. In addition, the Company recorded an increased foreign permanent tax benefit in the third quarter of 2024 compared to the third quarter of 2023, related to an inflation index adjustment allowed in Mexico.
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Operating Results for the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2024 Compared to the Nine Months Ended September 30, 2023
U.S. Pawn Segment
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the U.S. pawn segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | Increase
U.S. Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales (1) | $ | 702,120 |  |  | $ | 610,493 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 371,699 |  |  |  | 315,679 |  |  |  | 18 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 70,722 |  |  |  | 61,108 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Total revenue |  | 1,144,541 |  |  |  | 987,280 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold (2) |  | 407,329 |  |  |  | 349,138 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 57,928 |  |  |  | 49,604 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 465,257 |  |  |  | 398,742 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Net revenue |  | 679,284 |  |  |  | 588,538 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 372,191 |  |  |  | 331,916 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 21,609 |  |  |  | 18,786 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 393,800 |  |  |  | 350,702 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 285,484 |  |  | $ | 237,836 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 42 | % |  | 43 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 59 | % |  | 60 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 25 | % |  | 24 | % |  |  |  |

(1)Includes $3.1 million and $4.9 million of retail merchandise sales from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment sales, consolidated U.S. retail merchandise sales for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $699.1 million and $605.6 million, respectively.
(2)Includes $1.7 million and $2.6 million of cost of retail merchandise sold from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment sales, consolidated U.S. cost of retail merchandise sold for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $405.7 million and $346.6 million, respectively.
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Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
U.S. retail merchandise sales increased 15% to $702.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $610.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same-store retail sales increased 6% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in total retail sales was primarily due to incremental sales contributions from acquired stores and the same-store sales increase. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales in the U.S. was 42% compared to a margin of 43% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, reflecting continued demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise and low levels of aged inventory.
Pawn Lending Operations
U.S. pawn loan fees increased 18% to $371.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $315.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same-store pawn fees increased 11% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in total and same-store pawn loan fees was primarily due to store growth and continued growth in demand for pawn loans.
Segment Expenses
U.S. operating expenses increased 12% to $372.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $331.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 while same-store operating expenses increased 4% compared with the prior-year period. The increase in operating expenses was primarily due to store growth.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The U.S. segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $285.5 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 25% compared to $237.8 million and 24% in the prior year, respectively. The increase in the segment pre-tax operating income and margin reflected increased net revenue from both acquired and existing stores partially offset by the increase in segment expenses.
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Latin America Pawn Segment
Latin American segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 benefited from a 1% favorable change in the average value of the Mexican peso compared to the U.S. dollar.
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income and other operating metrics of the Latin America pawn segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of pawn store-level employees, occupancy costs, bank charges, security, insurance, utilities, supplies and other costs incurred by the pawn stores.

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Constant Currency Basis
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Nine Months |  |  |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Ended |  |  |  |
|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |  |  | September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | September 30, |  | Increase / |  | 2024 |  | (Decrease)
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease) |  | (Non-GAAP) |  | (Non-GAAP)
Latin America Pawn Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales |  | $ | 394,375 |  |  |  | $ | 378,302 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | $ | 391,606 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Pawn loan fees |  | 175,443 |  |  |  | 164,619 |  |  |  | 7 | % |  |  | 174,228 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Wholesale scrap jewelry sales |  | 29,229 |  |  |  | 37,524 |  |  |  | (22) | % |  |  | 29,229 |  |  |  | (22) | % |
Total revenue |  | 599,047 |  |  |  | 580,445 |  |  |  | 3 | % |  |  | 595,063 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of retail merchandise sold |  | 254,188 |  |  |  | 244,439 |  |  |  | 4 | % |  |  | 252,377 |  |  |  | 3 | % |
Cost of wholesale scrap jewelry sold |  | 23,783 |  |  |  | 29,408 |  |  |  | (19) | % |  |  | 23,627 |  |  |  | (20) | % |
Total cost of revenue |  | 277,971 |  |  |  | 273,847 |  |  |  | 2 | % |  |  | 276,004 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Net revenue |  | 321,076 |  |  |  | 306,598 |  |  |  | 5 | % |  |  | 319,059 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses |  | 198,389 |  |  |  | 179,170 |  |  |  | 11 | % |  |  | 196,986 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 15,199 |  |  |  | 15,884 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | 15,072 |  |  |  | (5) | % |
Total segment expenses |  | 213,588 |  |  |  | 195,054 |  |  |  | 10 | % |  |  | 212,058 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income |  | $ | 107,488 |  |  |  | $ | 111,544 |  |  |  | (4) | % |  |  | $ | 107,001 |  |  |  | (4) | % |
Operating metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail merchandise sales margin | 36 | % |  | 35 | % |  |  |  |  | 36 | % |  |  |  |
Net revenue margin | 54 | % |  | 53 | % |  |  |  |  | 54 | % |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating margin | 18 | % |  | 19 | % |  |  |  |  | 18 | % |  |  |  |

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Retail Merchandise Sales Operations
Latin America retail merchandise sales increased 4% (also 4% on a constant currency basis) to $394.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $378.3 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same-store retail sales increased 4% (3% on a constant currency basis) during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase in total and same-store retail sales was primarily due to increased inventory levels throughout the first nine months of 2024 and greater demand for value-priced, pre-owned merchandise. The gross profit margin on retail merchandise sales was 36% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 35% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Pawn Lending Operations
Latin America pawn loan fees increased 7% (6% on a constant currency basis) to $175.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $164.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same-store pawn fees increased 6% (also 6% on a constant currency basis) during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The constant currency increase in total and same-store pawn loan fees was primarily due to increased average receivable balances outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses increased 11% (10% on a constant currency basis) to $198.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $179.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. Same-store operating expenses increased 9% (8% on a constant currency basis) compared to the prior-year period. The increase in total and same-store operating expenses was primarily driven by increased store counts, accelerated store opening activity, general inflationary impacts and continued increases in the federally mandated minimum wage and increased costs associated with required employee benefit programs.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $107.5 million, which generated a pre-tax segment operating margin of 18% compared to $111.5 million and 19% in the prior year, respectively. The decrease in the segment pre-tax operating income and margin reflected an increase in operating expenses, partially offset by an increase in net revenue.
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Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment
Retail POS Payment Solutions Operating Results
The following table presents segment pre-tax operating income of the retail POS payment solutions segment for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands). Operating expenses include salary and benefit expenses of certain operations-focused departments, merchant partner incentives, bank and other payment processing charges, credit reporting costs, information technology costs, advertising costs and other operational costs incurred by AFF. Administrative expenses and amortization expense of intangible assets related to the purchase of AFF are not included in the segment pre-tax operating income.

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Retail POS Payment Solutions Segment |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Leased merchandise income | $ | 588,801 |  |  | $ | 562,625 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Interest and fees on finance receivables | 175,384 |  |  | 174,247 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Total revenue | 764,185 |  |  | 736,872 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Cost of revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation of leased merchandise (1) | 336,649 |  |  | 309,432 |  |  |  | 9 | % |
Provision for lease losses (2) | 130,272 |  |  | 141,854 |  |  |  | (8) | % |
Provision for loan losses | 102,091 |  |  | 90,571 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Total cost of revenue | 569,012 |  |  | 541,857 |  |  |  | 5 | % |
Net revenue | 195,173 |  |  | 195,015 |  |  |  | — | % |
Segment expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses | 103,851 |  |  | 104,280 |  |  |  | — | % |
Depreciation and amortization | 2,078 |  |  | 2,258 |  |  |  | (8) | % |
Total segment expenses | 105,929 |  |  | 106,538 |  |  |  | (1) | % |
Segment pre-tax operating income | $ | 89,244 |  |  | $ | 88,477 |  |  |  | 1 | % |

(1)Includes $1.3 million and $1.6 million of depreciation of leased merchandise from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated depreciation of leased merchandise for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $335.4 million and $307.8 million, respectively.
(2)Includes $0.4 million and $0.2 million of provision for lease losses from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated provision for lease losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $129.8 million and $141.7 million, respectively.
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The following table provides a detail of gross transaction volumes originated during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |
| September 30, | Increase /
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Leased merchandise | $ | 444,045 |  |  | $ | 452,792 |  |  |  | (2) | % |
Finance receivables | 350,332 |  |  | 303,485 |  |  |  | 15 | % |
Total gross transaction volume | $ | 794,377 |  |  | $ | 756,277 |  |  |  | 5 | % |

The following table details the changes in the allowance for lease and loan losses and other portfolio metrics for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

| Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
| September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | 2024 |  |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Allowance for lease losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 95,752 |  |  |  | $ | 79,576 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Provision for lease losses (1) |  | 130,272 |  |  |  | 141,854 |  |  |  | (8) | % |
Charge-offs |  | (137,516) |  |  |  | (120,966) |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Recoveries |  | 5,315 |  |  |  | 5,008 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 93,823 |  |  |  | $ | 105,472 |  |  |  | (11) | % |
Leased merchandise portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision rate (2) | 29 | % |  | 31 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 5.9 | % |  | 5.3 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 23.6 | % |  | 23.2 | % |  |  |  |
Allowance for loan losses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period |  | $ | 96,454 |  |  |  | $ | 84,833 |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Provision for loan losses |  | 102,091 |  |  |  | 90,571 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Charge-offs |  | (95,061) |  |  |  | (83,281) |  |  |  | 14 | % |
Recoveries |  | 5,713 |  |  |  | 4,561 |  |  |  | 25 | % |
Balance at end of period |  | $ | 109,197 |  |  |  | $ | 96,684 |  |  |  | 13 | % |
Finance receivables portfolio metrics: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Provision rate (2) | 29 | % |  | 30 | % |  |  |  |
Average monthly net charge-off rate (3) | 4.5 | % |  | 4.4 | % |  |  |  |
Delinquency rate (4) | 19.4 | % |  | 21.9 | % |  |  |  |

(1)Includes $0.4 million and $0.2 million of provision for lease losses from intersegment transactions for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively, related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores that are eliminated upon consolidation. Excluding these intersegment transactions, consolidated provision for lease losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 totaled $129.8 million and $141.7 million, respectively.
(2)Calculated as provision for lease or loan losses as a percentage of the respective gross transaction volume originated.
(3)Calculated as charge-offs, net of recoveries, as a percentage of the respective average earning asset balance before allowance for lease or loan losses.
(4)Calculated as the percentage of the respective contractual earning asset balance owed that is 1 to 89 days past due (the Company charges off leases and finance receivables when they are 90 days or more contractually past due).
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LTO Operations
Leased merchandise income increased 5% to $588.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $562.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily due to higher average leased merchandise balances outstanding during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Depreciation of leased merchandise increased 9% to $336.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $309.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As a percentage of leased merchandise income, depreciation of leased merchandise increased from 55% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to 57% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 primarily as a result of a slight increase in customers taking advantage of early buyout or other early payment options.
Provision for lease losses decreased 8% to $130.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $141.9 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily due to a slight decrease in lease loss provisioning rates used during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and the 2% decrease in gross transaction volumes. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for lease losses decreased from 31% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to 29% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Retail Finance Operations
Interest and fees on finance receivables increased 1% to $175.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $174.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily due to the higher year-over-year finance receivable balances, partially offset by a slight decline in portfolio yield primarily as a result of AFF expanding its offerings and merchant relationships in certain services sector verticals in the nine months ended September 30, 2024, some of which provide slightly lower interest rates.
Provision for loan losses increased 13% to $102.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $90.6 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, which was primarily due to the 15% increase in gross transaction volumes partially offset by a slight decrease in the net provisioning rates used during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 based on lower than expected loss rates on older vintages. As a percentage of gross transaction volume, the provision for loan losses decreased from 30% during the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to 29% during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Segment Expenses
Operating expenses decreased slightly to $103.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $104.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. As a percentage of segment revenues, operating expenses were 14% during both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2024.
Segment Pre-Tax Operating Income
The retail POS payment solutions segment pre-tax operating income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 was $89.2 million compared to $88.5 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The increase was primarily the result of increased segment income resulting from slight increases in net revenue and a slight decrease in segment expenses.
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Consolidated Results of Operations
The following table reconciles pre-tax operating income of the Company’s U.S. pawn segment, Latin America pawn segment and retail POS payment solutions segment, discussed above, to consolidated net income for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023 (dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended |  |  |  |
|  | September 30, |  | Increase /
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Decrease)
Consolidated Results of Operations |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Segment pre-tax operating income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. operations |  | $ | 285,484 |  |  | $ | 237,836 |  |  |  | 20 | % |
Latin America pawn |  | 107,488 |  |  | 111,544 |  |  |  | (4) | % |
Retail POS payment solutions |  | 89,244 |  |  | 88,477 |  |  |  | 1 | % |
Intersegment eliminations (1) |  | 311 |  |  | (561) |  |  |  | (155) | % |
Consolidated segment pre-tax operating income |  | 482,527 |  |  | 437,296 |  |  |  | 10 | % |
Corporate expenses and other income: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative expenses |  | 129,563 |  |  | 124,428 |  |  |  | 4 | % |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 39,621 |  |  | 44,598 |  |  |  | (11) | % |
Interest expense |  | 78,029 |  |  | 66,657 |  |  |  | 17 | % |
Interest income |  | (1,407) |  |  | (1,253) |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Loss (gain) on foreign exchange |  | 2,133 |  |  | (1,905) |  |  |  | (212) | % |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  | 2,186 |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | (40) | % |
Other expenses (income), net |  | (841) |  |  | (260) |  |  |  | 223 | % |
Total corporate expenses and other income |  | 249,284 |  |  | 235,935 |  |  |  | 6 | % |
Income before income taxes |  | 233,243 |  |  | 201,361 |  |  |  | 16 | % |
Provision for income taxes |  | 57,975 |  |  | 51,649 |  |  |  | 12 | % |
Net income |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  |  | 17 | % |

(1)Represents the elimination of intersegment transactions related to the Company offering AFF’s LTO payment solution in its U.S. pawn stores. For further detail, see Note 10 o f Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Corporate Expenses and Taxes
Administrative expenses increased 4% to $129.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $124.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to the increase in pawn store count partially offset by decreased management incentive compensation expense. As a percentage of revenue, administrative expenses were 5% during both the nine months ended September 30, 2023 and 2024.
Depreciation and amortization decreased 11% to $39.6 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $44.6 million in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to a $5.4 million decrease in amortization of acquired AFF intangible assets.
Interest expense increased 17% to $78.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $66.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023, primarily due to higher floating interest rates on the Company’s unsecured bank credit facilities and higher average total long-term debt balances outstanding. See Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements and “Liquidity and Capital Resources.”
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Consolidated effective income tax rates for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 were 24.9% and 25.7%, respectively. The decrease in the effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in U.S.-sourced income as a result of the U.S. store acquisition activity since the beginning of 2023, which is taxed at a lower rate than the Latin American countries in which the Company operates. In addition, the Company recorded an increased foreign permanent tax benefit in the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2023, related to an inflation index adjustment allowed in Mexico.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Material Capital Requirements
The Company’s primary capital requirements include:
•Expand pawn operations through growth of pawn receivables and inventories in existing stores, new store openings, strategic acquisitions of pawn stores and purchases of underlying real estate at existing locations;
•Expand retail POS payment solutions operations through growth of the business generated from new and existing merchant partners; and
•Return capital to shareholders through dividends and stock repurchases.
Other material capital requirements include operating expenses (see Note 4 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements regarding operating lease commitments), maintenance capital expenditures related to its facilities, technology platforms, general corporate operating activities, income tax payments and debt service, among others. Net interest expense is expected to increase in 2024 compared to 2023 due to (i) increased borrowings primarily undertaken to fund recent acquisitions and (ii) anticipated higher floating interest rates on the borrowings under the revolving credit facilities. The Company believes that net cash provided by operating activities and available and unused funds under its revolving unsecured credit facilities will be adequate to meet its liquidity and capital needs for these items over the next 12 months and also in the longer-term beyond the next 12 months.
Expand Pawn Operations
The Company intends to continue expansion of its pawn operations through growth of pawn receivables and inventories in existing stores along with new store openings and acquisitions.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company acquired 28 pawn stores in the U.S. and acquired one pawn license that was used to open a pawn store in the state of Nevada for a cumulative purchase price of $102.8 million, net of cash acquired and subject to future post-closing adjustments. The Company evaluates potential acquisitions based upon growth potential, purchase price, available liquidity, strategic fit and quality of management personnel, among other factors.
The Company has opened 55 new (“de novo”) stores in total through September 30, 2024 and for the full year of 2024 expects to add approximately 60 de novo locations. Future store openings are subject to the Company’s ability to identify locations in markets with attractive demographics, available real estate with favorable leases and limited competition.
Although viewed by management as a discretionary expenditure not required to operate its pawn stores, the Company may continue to strategically purchase real estate from its landlords at existing stores or in conjunction with pawn store acquisitions as opportunities arise at reasonable valuations. The Company purchased the real estate at 43 store locations, primarily from landlords at existing stores, for a cumulative purchase price of $54.3 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024.
Expand Retail POS Payment Solutions Operations
AFF expects to expand its business primarily by promoting and expanding relationships with both new and existing customers and retail merchant partners. In addition, AFF has made, and intends to continue to make, investments in its customer and merchant support operations and facilities, its technology platforms and its proprietary decisioning platforms and processes. In addition to utilizing cash flows generated from its own operations to fund expected 2024 growth, AFF has access to the additional sources of liquidity described below if needed to fund further expansion activities.
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Return of Capital to Shareholders
In October 2024, the Company’s Board of Directors declared a $0.38 per share fourth quarter cash dividend on common shares outstanding, or an aggregate of $17.0 million based on the September 30, 2024 share count, to be paid on November 27, 2024 to stockholders of record as of November 15, 2024. While the Company currently expects to continue the payment of quarterly cash dividends, the amount, declaration and payment of cash dividends in the future (quarterly or otherwise) will be made by the Board of Directors, from time to time, subject to the Company’s financial condition, results of operations, business requirements, compliance with legal requirements, debt covenant restrictions and other relevant factors.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company repurchased a total of 721,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $85.0 million and an average cost per share of $117.90. During the nine months ended September 30, 2023, the Company repurchased 1,248,000 shares of common stock at an aggregate cost of $114.4 million and an average cost per share of $91.58. The aggregate cost and average cost per share do not include the effect of the 1% excise tax on certain share repurchases enacted under the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022. The Company incurred $0.9 million and $1.1 million of excise taxes during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023, respectively.
In July 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a common stock repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, of which $115.0 million is currently remaining. The Company intends to continue repurchases under its active share repurchase program, including through open market transactions under trading plans in accordance with Rule 10b5-1 and Rule 10b-18 under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”), subject to a variety of factors, including, but not limited to, the level of cash balances, liquidity needs, credit availability, debt covenant restrictions, general business and economic conditions, regulatory requirements, the market price of the Company’s stock, the Company’s dividend policy and the availability of alternative investment opportunities.
Sources of Liquidity
The Company regularly evaluates opportunities to optimize its capital structure, including through consideration of the issuance of debt or equity, to refinance existing debt and to enter into interest rate hedge transactions, such as interest rate swap agreements. As of September 30, 2024, the Company’s primary sources of liquidity were $106.3 million in cash and cash equivalents and $527.8 million of available and unused funds under the Company’s revolving unsecured credit facilities, subject to certain financial covenants (see Note 8 of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements). The Company had working capital of $1,020.9 million as of September 30, 2024.
The Company’s cash and cash equivalents as of September 30, 2024 included $33.9 million held by its foreign subsidiaries. These cash balances, which are primarily held in Mexican pesos, are associated with foreign earnings the Company has asserted are indefinitely reinvested and which the Company primarily plans to use to support its continued growth plans outside the U.S. through funding of capital expenditures, acquisitions, operating expenses or other similar cash needs of the Company’s foreign operations.
The Company’s liquidity is affected by a number of factors, including changes in general customer traffic and demand, pawn loan balances, loan-to-value ratios, collection of pawn fees, merchandise sales, inventory levels, LTO merchandise, finance receivable balances, collection of lease and finance receivable payments, seasonality, operating expenses, administrative expenses, expenses related to merger and acquisition activities, litigation-related expenses, tax rates, gold prices, foreign currency exchange rates and the pace of new pawn store expansion and acquisitions. Additionally, a prolonged reduction in earnings and EBITDA could limit the Company’s future ability to fully borrow on its credit facilities under current leverage covenants. Regulatory developments affecting the Company’s operations may also impact profitability and liquidity. See “Governmental Regulation Update.”
If needed, the Company could seek to raise additional funds from a variety of sources, including, but not limited to, repatriation of excess cash held in Latin America, the sale of assets, reductions in operating expenses, capital expenditures and dividends, the forbearance or deferral of operating expenses, the issuance of debt or equity securities, utilizing other structured financing arrangements, the leveraging of currently unencumbered real estate owned by the Company and/or changes to its management of current assets. The characteristics of the Company’s current assets, specifically the ability to rapidly liquidate gold jewelry inventory, which accounts for 49% of total inventory, give the Company flexibility to quickly increase cash flow if necessary.
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Cash Flows and Liquidity Metrics
The following tables set forth certain historical information with respect to the Company’s sources and uses of cash and other key indicators of liquidity (dollars in thousands):

|  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flow provided by operating activities |  | $ | 341,809 |  |  | $ | 317,037 |
Cash flow used in investing activities |  | $ | (335,483) |  |  | $ | (409,173) |
Cash flow (used in) provided by financing activities |  | $ | (19,187) |  |  | $ | 58,707 |

|  | As of September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023
Working capital |  | $ | 1,020,877 |  |  | $ | 917,270 |
Current ratio | 4.3:1 | 3.9:1

Cash Flow Provided by Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities increased $24.8 million, or 8%, from $317.0 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $341.8 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024 due to net changes in certain non-cash adjustments to reconcile net income to operating cash flow and net changes in other operating assets and liabilities (as detailed in the consolidated statements of cash flows) and an increase in net income of $25.6 million.
Cash Flow Used in Investing Activities
Net cash used in investing activities decreased $73.7 million, or 18%, from $409.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to $335.5 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Cash flows from investing activities are utilized primarily to fund acquisitions, purchase furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements, which includes capital expenditures for improvements to existing stores and for new pawn store openings and other corporate assets, and discretionary purchases of store real property. In addition, cash flows related to the funding of new pawn loans, net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral and changes in net finance receivables, are included in investing activities. The Company paid $56.0 million for furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements and $54.3 million for discretionary pawn store real property purchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $46.7 million and $46.7 million in the prior-year period, respectively. The Company paid $69.2 million in cash related to pawn store acquisitions during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to $168.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company funded a net increase in pawn loans of $69.7 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $59.4 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company funded a net increase in finance receivables of $86.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 and $88.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
Cash Flow Used in Financing Activities
Net cash provided by financing activities decreased $77.9 million, or 133%, from net cash provided by financing activities of $58.7 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2023 to net cash used in financing activities of $19.2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2024. Net payments on the credit facilities were $368.0 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 compared to net borrowings of $222.9 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. During the nine months ended September 30, 2024, the Company received $500.0 million in proceeds from the private offering of senior unsecured notes and paid $10.4 million in debt issuance costs which was used to repay a portion of the outstanding balance on the Credit Facility, after payment of fees and expenses related to the offering. The Company funded $85.0 million of share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 while it funded $115.5 million of share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. The Company paid dividends of $48.8 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2024, compared to $46.1 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023. In addition, the Company paid withholding taxes on net share settlements of restricted stock awards during the nine months ended September 30, 2024 of $7.0 million compared to $2.5 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2023.
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GOVERNMENTAL REGULATION UPDATE
The Company’s pawn and retail POS payment solutions businesses are subject to significant regulation in all of the jurisdictions in which it operates. Existing regulations and regulatory developments are further and more completely described under “Governmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K filed with the SEC on February 5, 2024 and in subsequent documents filed with the SEC. Other than as described below, there have been no changes to the significant regulation that the Company’s businesses are subject to that the Company believes would have a material impact on its businesses or results of operation from those described in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023.
On October 5, 2017, the CFPB released its small-dollar loan rule (the “SDL Rule”), which was subsequently revised on July 7, 2020. Traditional possessory, non-recourse pawn loans are not covered under the SDL Rule. The SDL Rule defines some of the RISA transactions that AFF purchases and some of the bank loans that AFF sub-services as transactions that are covered under the rule. After resolution of some challenges to the SDL Rule itself and the constitutionality of the CFPB, on July 3, 2024, trade groups filed a petition for a rehearing with the Fifth Circuit en banc. If the Fifth Circuit does not grant the petition, the SDL Rule is expected to go into effect on March 30, 2025. The SDL Rule imposes certain obligations and limitations associated with the origination and servicing of covered transactions as of its effective date. At this time, the Company does not believe that the implementation of the SDL Rule, as proposed, will have a material impact on the Company’s future results of operations or financial condition.
NON-GAAP FINANCIAL INFORMATION
The Company uses certain financial calculations such as adjusted net income, adjusted diluted earnings per share, EBITDA, adjusted EBITDA, free cash flow, adjusted free cash flow and constant currency results as factors in the measurement and evaluation of the Company’s operating performance and period-over-period growth. The Company derives these financial calculations on the basis of methodologies other than GAAP, primarily by excluding from a comparable GAAP measure certain items the Company does not consider to be representative of its actual operating performance. These financial calculations are “non-GAAP financial measures” as defined under the SEC rules. The Company uses these non-GAAP financial measures in operating its business because management believes they are less susceptible to variances in actual operating performance that can result from the excluded items, other infrequent charges and currency fluctuations. The Company presents these financial measures to investors because management believes they are useful to investors in evaluating the primary factors that drive the Company’s core operating performance and provide greater transparency into the Company’s results of operations. However, items that are excluded and other adjustments and assumptions that are made in calculating these non-GAAP financial measures are significant components in understanding and assessing the Company’s financial performance. These non-GAAP financial measures should be evaluated in conjunction with, and are not a substitute for, the Company’s GAAP financial measures. Further, because these non-GAAP financial measures are not determined in accordance with GAAP and are thus susceptible to varying calculations, the non-GAAP financial measures, as presented, may not be comparable to other similarly-titled measures of other companies.
While acquisitions are an important part of the Company’s overall strategy, the Company has adjusted the applicable financial calculations to exclude merger and acquisition expenses and amortization of acquired AFF intangible assets. The Company does not consider these items to be related to the organic operations of the acquired businesses or its continuing operations and are generally not relevant to assessing or estimating the long-term performance of the acquired businesses. In addition, excluding these items allows for more accurate comparisons of the financial results to prior periods. Merger and acquisition expenses include incremental costs directly associated with merger and acquisition activities, including professional fees, legal expenses, severance, retention and other employee-related costs, contract breakage costs and costs related to the consolidation of technology systems and corporate facilities, among others.
The Company has certain leases in Mexico which are denominated in U.S. dollars. The lease liability of these U.S. dollar-denominated leases, which is considered a monetary liability, is remeasured into Mexican pesos using current period exchange rates, resulting in the recognition of foreign currency exchange gains or losses. The Company has adjusted the applicable financial measures to exclude these remeasurement gains or losses (i) because they are non-cash, non-operating items that could create volatility in the Company’s consolidated results of operations due to the magnitude of the end of period lease liability being remeasured and (ii) to improve comparability of current periods presented with prior periods.
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Adjusted Net Income and Adjusted Diluted Earnings Per Share
Management believes the presentation of adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share provides investors with greater transparency and provides a more complete understanding of the Company’s financial performance and prospects for the future by excluding items that management believes are non-operating in nature and are not representative of the Company’s core operating performance. In addition, management believes the adjustments shown below are useful to investors in order to allow them to compare the Company’s financial results for the current periods presented with the prior periods presented.
The following table provides a reconciliation between net income and diluted earnings per share calculated in accordance with GAAP to adjusted net income and adjusted diluted earnings per share, which are shown net of tax (in thousands, except per share amounts):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| In Thousands |  | In Thousands |  | Per Share |  | Per Share |  | In Thousands |  | In Thousands |  | Per Share |  | Per Share
Net income and diluted earnings per share, as reported | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 1.44 |  |  | $ | 1.26 |  |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 3.88 |  |  | $ | 3.27 |
Adjustments, net of tax: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merger and acquisition expenses | 171 |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 0.06 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 0.04 |  |  | 0.06 |
Non-cash foreign currency loss (gain) related to lease liability | 986 |  |  | 442 |  |  | 0.02 |  |  | 0.01 |  |  | 2,124 |  |  | (1,171) |  |  | 0.05 |  |  | (0.03) |
Amortization of acquired AFF intangible assets | 9,572 |  |  | 10,880 |  |  | 0.21 |  |  | 0.24 |  |  | 28,717 |  |  | 32,869 |  |  | 0.63 |  |  | 0.72 |
Other expenses (income), net | (377) |  |  | (296) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | (0.01) |  |  | (518) |  |  | (200) |  |  | (0.02) |  |  | — |
Adjusted net income and diluted earnings per share | $ | 75,179 |  |  | $ | 70,775 |  |  | $ | 1.67 |  |  | $ | 1.56 |  |  | $ | 207,266 |  |  | $ | 184,028 |  |  | $ | 4.58 |  |  | $ | 4.02 |

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Earnings Before Interest, Taxes, Depreciation and Amortization (EBITDA) and Adjusted EBITDA
The Company defines EBITDA as net income before income taxes, depreciation and amortization, interest expense and interest income and adjusted EBITDA as EBITDA adjusted for certain items, as listed below, that management considers to be non-operating in nature and not representative of its actual operating performance. The Company believes EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA are commonly used by investors to assess a company’s financial performance, and adjusted EBITDA is used as a starting point in the calculation of the consolidated total debt ratio as defined in the Company’s senior unsecured notes. The following table provides a reconciliation of net income to EBITDA and adjusted EBITDA (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trailing Twelve
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Net income |  | $ | 64,827 |  |  | $ | 57,144 |  |  | $ | 175,268 |  |  | $ | 149,712 |  |  | $ | 244,857 |  |  | $ | 229,778 |
Income taxes |  |  | 20,353 |  |  |  | 20,480 |  |  |  | 57,975 |  |  |  | 51,649 |  |  |  | 79,874 |  |  |  | 73,189 |
Depreciation and amortization (1) |  |  | 25,933 |  |  |  | 27,365 |  |  |  | 78,507 |  |  |  | 81,526 |  |  |  | 106,142 |  |  |  | 107,863 |
Interest expense |  |  | 27,424 |  |  |  | 24,689 |  |  |  | 78,029 |  |  |  | 66,657 |  |  |  | 104,615 |  |  |  | 86,616 |
Interest income |  |  | (403) |  |  |  | (328) |  |  |  | (1,407) |  |  |  | (1,253) |  |  |  | (1,623) |  |  |  | (1,462) |
EBITDA |  |  | 138,134 |  |  |  | 129,350 |  |  |  | 388,372 |  |  |  | 348,291 |  |  |  | 533,865 |  |  |  | 495,984 |
Adjustments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Merger and acquisition expenses |  |  | 225 |  |  |  | 3,387 |  |  |  | 2,186 |  |  |  | 3,670 |  |  |  | 6,438 |  |  |  | 5,697 |
Non-cash foreign currency loss (gain) related to lease liability |  |  | 1,409 |  |  |  | 632 |  |  |  | 3,035 |  |  |  | (1,673) |  |  |  | 2,168 |  |  |  | (2,652) |
AFF purchase accounting and other adjustments (2) |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 13,968 |  |  |  | 8,760 |
Gain on revaluation of contingent acquisition consideration |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (26,760) |
Other expenses (income), net |  |  | (490) |  |  |  | (384) |  |  |  | (841) |  |  |  | (260) |  |  |  | (1,983) |  |  |  | (270) |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | $ | 139,278 |  |  | $ | 132,985 |  |  | $ | 392,752 |  |  | $ | 350,028 |  |  | $ | 554,456 |  |  | $ | 480,759 |

(1)Includes $12.4 million, $37.3 million and $51.2 million of amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets as a result of the AFF acquisition for the three months, nine months and trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2024, respectively. Includes $14.1 million, $42.7 million and $56.9 million of amortization expense related to identifiable intangible assets as a result of the AFF acquisition for the three months, nine months and trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2023, respectively.
(2)The following table details AFF purchase accounting and other adjustments for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2024 and 2023 (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trailing Twelve
|  |  |  |  | Months Ended
|  |  |  |  | September 30,
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired finance receivables included in interest and fees on finance receivables |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 7,859 |
Amortization of fair value adjustment on acquired leased merchandise included in depreciation of leased merchandise |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 901 |
Other non-recurring costs included in administrative expenses related to a discontinued finance product |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 13,968 |  |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,968 |  |  | $ | 8,760 |

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Free Cash Flow and Adjusted Free Cash Flow
For purposes of its internal liquidity assessments, the Company considers free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow. The Company defines free cash flow as cash flow from operating activities less purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements and net fundings/repayments of pawn loan and finance receivables, which are considered to be operating in nature by the Company but are included in cash flow from investing activities. Adjusted free cash flow is defined as free cash flow adjusted for merger and acquisition expenses paid that management considers to be non-operating in nature.
Free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow are commonly used by investors as additional measures of cash generated by business operations that may be used to repay scheduled debt maturities and debt service or, following payment of such debt obligations and other non-discretionary items, that may be available to invest in future growth through new business development activities or acquisitions, repurchase stock, pay cash dividends or repay debt obligations prior to their maturities. These metrics can also be used to evaluate the Company’s ability to generate cash flow from business operations and the impact that this cash flow has on the Company’s liquidity. However, free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow have limitations as analytical tools and should not be considered in isolation or as a substitute for cash flow from operating activities or other income statement data prepared in accordance with GAAP. The following table reconciles cash flow from operating activities to free cash flow and adjusted free cash flow (in thousands):

|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Trailing Twelve
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Nine Months Ended |  | Months Ended
|  | September 30, |  | September 30, |  | September 30,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Cash flow from operating activities |  | $ | 113,090 |  |  | $ | 111,368 |  |  | $ | 341,809 |  |  | $ | 317,037 |  |  | $ | 440,914 |  |  | $ | 460,544 |
Cash flow from certain investing activities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Pawn loans, net (1) |  | (48,836) |  |  | (59,614) |  |  | (69,723) |  |  | (59,426) |  |  | (45,275) |  |  | (20,536) |
Finance receivables, net |  | (48,623) |  |  | (30,869) |  |  | (86,186) |  |  | (87,994) |  |  | (113,634) |  |  | (123,713) |
Purchases of furniture, fixtures, equipment and improvements |  | (13,368) |  |  | (18,375) |  |  | (56,032) |  |  | (46,723) |  |  | (69,457) |  |  | (52,679) |
Free cash flow |  | 2,263 |  |  | 2,510 |  |  | 129,868 |  |  | 122,894 |  |  | 212,548 |  |  | 263,616 |
Merger and acquisition expenses paid, net of tax benefit |  | 171 |  |  | 2,605 |  |  | 1,675 |  |  | 2,818 |  |  | 4,946 |  |  | 4,379 |
Adjusted free cash flow |  | $ | 2,434 |  |  | $ | 5,115 |  |  | $ | 131,543 |  |  | $ | 125,712 |  |  | $ | 217,494 |  |  | $ | 267,995 |

(1)Includes the funding of new loans net of cash repayments and recovery of principal through the sale of inventories acquired from forfeiture of pawn collateral.
Constant Currency Results
The Company’s reporting currency is the U.S. dollar, however, certain performance metrics discussed in this report are presented on a “constant currency” basis, which is considered a non-GAAP financial measure. The Company’s management uses constant currency results to evaluate operating results of business operations in Latin America, which are transacted in local currencies in Mexico, Guatemala and Colombia. The Company also has operations in El Salvador, where the reporting and functional currency is the U.S. dollar.
The Company believes constant currency results provide valuable supplemental information regarding the underlying performance of its business operations in Latin America, consistent with how the Company’s management evaluates such performance and operating results. Constant currency results reported herein are calculated by translating certain balance sheet and income statement items denominated in local currencies using the exchange rate from the prior-year comparable period, as opposed to the current comparable period, in order to exclude the effects of foreign currency rate fluctuations for purposes of evaluating period-over-period comparisons. See the Latin America pawn segment tables in “Results of Operations” above for additional reconciliation of certain constant currency amounts to as reported GAAP amounts.
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The following table provides exchange rates for the Mexican peso, Guatemalan quetzal and Colombian peso for the current and prior-year periods:

|  | September 30, |  | Favorable /
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | (Unfavorable)
Mexican peso / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 19.6 |  | 17.6 |  |  | (11) | % |
Three months ended |  | 18.9 |  | 17.1 |  |  | (11) | % |
Nine months ended |  | 17.7 |  | 17.8 |  |  | 1 | % |
Guatemalan quetzal / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 7.7 |  | 7.9 |  |  | 3 | % |
Three months ended |  | 7.7 |  | 7.9 |  |  | 3 | % |
Nine months ended |  | 7.8 |  | 7.8 |  |  | — | % |
Colombian peso / U.S. dollar exchange rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
End-of-period |  | 4,164 |  | 4,054 |  |  | (3) | % |
Three months ended |  | 4,095 |  | 4,048 |  |  | (1) | % |
Nine months ended |  | 3,979 |  | 4,413 |  |  | 10 | % |

ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
Market risks relating to the Company’s operations result primarily from changes in interest rates, gold prices and foreign currency exchange rates and are described in detail in the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. The impact of current-year fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates, in particular, are further discussed in Part I, Item 2 herein. The Company does not engage in speculative or leveraged transactions, nor does it hold or issue financial instruments for trading purposes. There have been no material changes to the Company’s exposure to market risks since December 31, 2023.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, under the supervision and with the participation of the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, has evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) under the Exchange Act) as of September 30, 2024 (the “Evaluation Date”). Based upon that evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that, as of the Evaluation Date, the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting during the quarter ended September 30, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting.
Limitations on Effectiveness of Controls and Procedures
The Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, does not expect that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures or internal controls will prevent all possible error and fraud. The Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are, however, designed to provide reasonable assurance of achieving their objectives, and the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures are effective at that reasonable assurance level.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 9 - Commitments and Contingencies of Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements contained in Part I, Item 1 of this report which is incorporated to this Part II, Item 1 by reference.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Important risk factors that could materially affect the Company’s business, financial condition or results of operations in future periods are described in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. These factors are supplemented by those discussed under “Management’s Discussion And Analysis Of Financial Condition And Results Of Operations” and “Governmental Regulation Update” in Part I, Item 2 of this quarterly report and in “Governmental Regulation” in Part I, Item 1 of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. There have been no material changes in the Company’s risk factors from those in Part I, Item 1A, “Risk Factors” of the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table provides information about purchases made by the Company of shares of its common stock during the three months ended September 30, 2024 (dollars in thousands, except per share amounts):

|  | Total Number Of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number Of Shares Purchased As Part Of Publicly Announced Plans |  |  |  | Approximate Dollar Value Of Shares That May Yet Be Purchased Under The Plans (1)
July 1 through July 31, 2024 |  | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 115,000 |
August 1 through August 31, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 115,000 |
September 1 through September 30, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 115,000 |
Total |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |

(1)In July 2023, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized an additional common stock repurchase program for up to $200.0 million of the Company’s outstanding common stock, of which $115.0 million is currently remaining.
Recent Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
Not Applicable.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
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ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans and Other Non-Rule 10b5-1 Trading Plans
None of the Company’s directors or officers adopted, modified or terminated a Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement or a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement, as such terms are defined under Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K, during the three months ended September 30, 2024, except as follows:
On August 1, 2024, Randel G. Owen, Director, adopted a written plan for the sale of up to 2,000 shares of the Company’s common stock that is intended to satisfy the affirmative defense conditions of Rule 10b5-1(c) under the Exchange Act. The plan will expire on November 4, 2025, or on any earlier date on which all of the shares have been sold.
On August 26, 2024, AFF Services, Inc., adopted a non-Rule 10b5-1 trading plan as defined in Item 408(c) of Regulation S-K. The arrangement provided for the sale of up to 1,494,415 shares of the Company’s common stock and it will expire on November 23, 2024, or on any earlier date on which all of the shares have been sold. The trading arrangement was adopted during an open trading window and satisfied the Company’s policies regarding insider transactions. AFF Services, Inc. is partially owned and 100% controlled by the Douglas R. Rippel Revocable Trust (the “Trust”). Douglas R. Rippel, a member of the Company’s board of directors, is a co-trustee of the Trust and an indirect beneficial owner of the shares held by AFF Services, Inc.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS

|  |  |  | Incorporated by Reference |  |
Exhibit No. |  | Exhibit Description |  | Form |  | File No. |  | Exhibit |  | Filing Date |  | Filed Herewith
3.1 |  | Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of FirstCash Holdings, Inc., dated December 16, 2021 |  | 8-K12B |  | 001-10960 |  | 3.1 |  | 12/16/2021 |  |
3.2 |  | Amended and Restated Bylaws of FirstCash Holdings, Inc., dated December 16, 2021 |  | 8-K12B |  | 001-10960 |  | 3.2 |  | 12/16/2021 |  |
4.1 |  | Indenture, dated as of February 21, 2024, by and among FirstCash, Inc., the guarantors listed therein and BOKF, NA (including the form of Note attached as an exhibit thereto). |  | 8-K |  | 001-10960 |  | 4.1 |  | 02/21/2024 |  |
10.1 |  | Eighth Amendment to Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated August 8, 2024, between FirstCash Holdings, Inc., FirstCash, Inc., certain subsidiaries of the borrower from time to time party thereto, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent * |  | 8-K |  | 001-10960 |  | 10.1 |  | 08/09/2024 |  |
31.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to Exchange Act Section 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, provided by Rick L. Wessel, Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
31.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to Exchange Act Section 13(a)-14(a)/15d-14(a), as Adopted Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, provided by R. Douglas Orr, Chief Financial Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.1 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, provided by Rick L. Wessel, Chief Executive Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
32.2 |  | Certification Pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as Adopted Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002, provided by R. Douglas Orr, Chief Financial Officer |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.INS |  | Inline XBRL Instance Document - the instance document does not appear in the Interactive Data File because its XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X
104 |  | Cover Page Interactive Data File (embedded within the Inline XBRL document contained in Exhibit 101) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | X

* Portions of this exhibit are redacted pursuant to Item 601(b)(10)(iv) of Regulation S-K.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

Dated: October 28, 2024 | FIRSTCASH HOLDINGS, INC.
| (Registrant)
| /s/ RICK L. WESSEL
| Rick L. Wessel
| Chief Executive Officer
| (On behalf of the Registrant)
| /s/ R. DOUGLAS ORR
| R. Douglas Orr
| Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (As Principal Financial and Accounting Officer)

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