<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-4.(L)
<SEQUENCE>9
<FILENAME>k82154aexv4wxly.txt
<DESCRIPTION>REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT DATED 12/05/2003
<TEXT>
<PAGE>

                                                                    EXHIBIT 4(L)

================================================================================

                          REGISTRATION RIGHTS AGREEMENT

                          Dated as of December 5, 2003

                                       by

                             CMS Energy Corporation

                                       and

                         Citigroup Global Markets Inc.,
               Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated,
                          J.P. Morgan Securities, Inc.,
                         Deutsche Bank Securities Inc.,
                          Wachovia Capital Markets, LLC
                                       and
                         Banc One Capital Markets, Inc.

================================================================================

<PAGE>

         This Registration Rights Agreement (this "Agreement") is made and
entered into this 5th day of December, 2003 among CMS Energy Corporation, a
Michigan corporation (the "Company"), and Citigroup Global Markets Inc. and
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated, as representatives (the
"Representatives") of the Initial Purchasers (the "Initial Purchasers") listed
on Schedule I to the Purchase Agreement (as defined below).

         This Agreement is made pursuant to the Purchase Agreement dated
December 1, 2003, among the Company and the Representatives on behalf of the
Initial Purchasers (the "Purchase Agreement"), which provides for the sale by
the Company to the Initial Purchasers of an aggregate of 4,500,000 shares of the
Company's 4.50% Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock (the "Firm Shares") and
the granting by the Company to the Initial Purchasers of the option to purchase
an additional 500,000 shares of such Cumulative Convertible Preferred Stock to
cover over-allotments, if any (the "Option Shares" and, together with the Firm
Shares, the "Shares"). The Shares are convertible into shares of common stock,
par value $0.01 per share, of the Company at the initial conversion price set
forth in the Offering Memorandum dated December 1, 2003. In order to induce the
Initial Purchasers to enter into the Purchase Agreement, the Company has agreed
to provide to the Initial Purchasers and their direct and indirect transferees
the registration rights set forth in this Agreement. The execution and delivery
of this Agreement is a condition to the closing under the Purchase Agreement.

         In consideration of the foregoing, the parties hereto agree as follows:

         1.       Definitions. Capitalized terms used herein without definition
shall have their respective meanings set forth in the Purchase Agreement. As
used in this Agreement, the following capitalized defined terms shall have the
following meanings:

                  "Additional Dividends" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 2(c)(i) hereof.

                  "Additional Dividends Payment Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 2(c)(ii) hereof.

                  "Affiliate" of any specified Person shall mean any other
Person directly or indirectly controlling or controlled by or under direct or
indirect common control with such specified person. For the purposes of this
definition, "control" when used with respect to any specified Person shall mean
the power to direct the management and policies of such Person, directly or
indirectly, whether through the ownership of voting securities, by contract or
otherwise; and the terms "controlling" and "controlled" shall have meanings
correlative to the foregoing.

                  "Agreement" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.

                  "Applicable Conversion Price" shall mean, as of any date of
determination, the number of Shares as of such date of determination divided by
the Conversion Rate (as defined below) in effect as of such date of
determination or, if no Shares are then outstanding, the Conversion Rate that
would be in effect were Shares then outstanding.

                  "Business Day" shall mean each Monday, Tuesday, Wednesday,
Thursday and Friday which is not a day on which banking institutions in The City
of New York are authorized or obligated by law or executive order to close.

                                       1

<PAGE>

                  "Closing Date" shall mean the later of (i) the date on which
the Firm Shares are issued and (ii) the date on which the Option Shares are
issued.

                  "Company" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble and
shall also include the Company's successors.

                  "Conversion Rate" shall mean 5.0541 shares of common stock,
par value $0.01 per share, of the Company per share of Preferred Stock.

                  "Depositary" shall mean The Depository Trust Company, or any
other depositary for the Securities (as defined below) appointed by the Company;
provided, however, that such depositary must have an address in the Borough of
Manhattan, in The City of New York.

                  "Firm Closing Date" shall mean the date on which the Firm
Shares are issued.

                  "Firm Shares" shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.

                  "Holder" shall mean an Initial Purchaser, for so long as it
owns any Registrable Securities (as defined below), and each of its successors,
assigns and direct and indirect transferees who become owners of Registrable
Securities.

                  "Indemnified Holder" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4(a) hereof.

                  "Indemnified Person" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4(c) hereof.

                  "Indemnifying Person" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 4(c) hereof.

                  "Initial Purchasers" shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.

                  "Majority Holders" shall mean, on any date, Holders of a
majority of the outstanding shares of Stock (as defined below) constituting
Registrable Securities; provided, that whenever the consent or approval of
Holders of a specified percentage of Registrable Securities is required
hereunder, Registrable Securities held by the Company and other obligors on the
Securities or any Affiliate of the Company or other obligor shall be disregarded
in determining whether such consent or approval was given by the Holders of such
required percentage amount. For the purposes of this definition, Holders of
Shares constituting Registrable Securities shall be deemed to be Holders of the
number of shares of Stock into which such Shares are or would be convertible as
of such date.

                  "Material Event" shall have the meaning set forth in Section
3(f) hereof.

                  "Notice and Questionnaire" shall mean a written notice
delivered to the Company substantially in the form attached as Appendix I to the
Offering Memorandum.

                  "Notice Holder" shall mean, on any date, any Holder that has
delivered a Notice and Questionnaire to the Company on or prior to such date.

                  "Option Shares" shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.

                                       2

<PAGE>

                  "Person" shall mean any individual, corporation, partnership,
joint venture, trust, limited liability company, unincorporated organization or
government or any agency or political subdivision thereof.

                  "Prospectus" shall mean the prospectus included in the Shelf
Registration Statement (as defined below), including any preliminary prospectus,
and any such prospectus as amended or supplemented by any prospectus supplement,
including any such prospectus supplement with respect to the terms of the
offering of any portion of the Registrable Securities covered by a Shelf
Registration Statement, and by all other amendments and supplements to a
prospectus, including post-effective amendments, and in each case including all
material incorporated by reference therein.

                  "Purchase Agreement" shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.

                  "Registrable Securities" shall mean the Securities; provided,
however, that Securities shall cease to be Registrable Securities when (i) a
Shelf Registration Statement with respect to such Securities shall have been
declared effective under the Act and such Securities shall have been disposed of
pursuant to such Shelf Registration Statement, (ii) such Securities have been
sold to the public pursuant to Rule 144 under the Act or may be sold pursuant to
Rule 144(k) (or any similar provision then in force, but not Rule 144A) under
the Act or (iii) such Securities shall have ceased to be outstanding.

                  "Registration Default" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 2(c)(i) hereof.

                  "Registration Expenses" shall mean any and all expenses
incident to performance of or compliance by the Company with this Agreement,
including, without limitation: (i) all Commission, stock exchange or NASD
registration and filing fees, including, if applicable, the reasonable fees and
expenses of any "qualified independent underwriter" (and its counsel) that is
required to be retained by any Holder of Registrable Securities in accordance
with the rules and regulations of the NASD; (ii) all fees and expenses incurred
in connection with compliance with state securities or blue sky laws and
compliance with the rules of the NASD (including reasonable fees and
disbursements of one counsel for the placement agent or underwriters, if any, in
connection with blue sky qualification of any of the Registrable Securities and
any filings with the NASD); (iii) all expenses of any Persons in preparing or
assisting in preparing word processing, printing and distributing any Shelf
Registration Statement, any Prospectus, any amendments or supplements thereto,
any underwriting agreements, any securities sales agreements and any other
documents relating to the performance of and compliance with this Agreement;
(iv) all fees and expenses incurred in connection with the listing, if any, of
any of the Registrable Securities on any securities exchange or exchanges; (v)
all rating agency fees; (vi) the fees and disbursements of counsel for the
Company and of the independent public accountants of the Company, including the
expenses of any special audits or "cold comfort" letters required by or incident
to such performance and compliance; (vii) the fees and expenses of the transfer
agent (if not the Company) and any escrow agent or custodian; (viii) the
reasonable fees and disbursements of one firm, at any one time, of legal counsel
selected by the Representatives (subject to the reasonable approval of the
Company) to represent the Holders of Registrable Securities, which firm shall be
PW unless otherwise requested in writing by the Majority Holders; and (ix) any
reasonable fees and disbursements of the underwriters

                                       3

<PAGE>

customarily required to be paid by issuers or sellers of securities and the fees
and expenses of any special experts retained by the Company in connection with
any Shelf Registration Statement, but excluding underwriting discounts and
commissions and transfer taxes, if any, relating to the sale or disposition of
Registrable Securities by a Holder.

                  "Representatives" shall have the meaning set forth in the
preamble.

                  "Securities" shall mean collectively the Shares and the Stock.

                  "Shares" shall have the meaning set forth in the preamble.

                  "Shelf Registration" shall mean a registration effected
pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof.

                  "Shelf Registration Filing Date" shall have the meaning set
forth in Section 2(a)(i) hereof.

                  "Shelf Registration Statement" shall mean a "shelf"
registration statement of the Company pursuant to the provisions of Section 2(a)
hereof which covers all of the Registrable Securities on an appropriate form
under Rule 415 under the Act, or any similar rule that may be adopted by the
Commission, and all amendments and supplements to such registration statement,
including post-effective amendments, in each case including the Prospectus
contained therein, all exhibits thereto and all material incorporated by
reference therein.

                  "Stock" shall mean the shares of common stock of the Company,
par value $0.01 per share, into which the Shares are convertible or that have
been issued upon any conversion of the Shares into common stock of the Company.

                  "Suspension Period" shall have the meaning set forth in
Section 2(a)(i) hereof.

         2.       Registration Under the Act.

                  (a)      Shelf Registration.

                             (i)      The Company agrees to use reasonable
         commercial efforts to file under the Act as promptly as practicable
         after the time that the Company becomes eligible to file registration
         statements on Form S-3 under the Act but in any event within 11 months
         after the Firm Closing Date (the "Shelf Registration Filing Date") a
         Shelf Registration Statement providing for the registration of, and the
         sale on a continuous or delayed basis by the Holders of, all of the
         Registrable Securities, pursuant to Rule 415 under the Act or any
         similar rule that may be adopted by the Commission. If the Company is
         not eligible to file registration statements on Form S-3 under the Act
         before the Shelf Registration Filing Date, then the Company shall file
         a Shelf Registration Statement on whatever form is then available for
         the Company to use. The Company agrees to use its reasonable commercial
         efforts to cause the Shelf Registration Statement to become or be
         declared effective within 120 days after the Shelf Registration Filing
         Date and to keep such Shelf Registration Statement continuously
         effective until the earliest of (i) the date on which all Registrable
         Securities covered by the Shelf

                                       4

<PAGE>
         Registration Statement have been sold pursuant to such Shelf
         Registration Statement, (ii) the date on which all Registrable
         Securities have been sold pursuant to Rule 144 under the Act, (iii)
         such time as there are no longer any Registrable Securities outstanding
         and (iv) the second anniversary of the Closing Date (plus, in each
         case, the number of days in any Suspension Period); provided, however,
         that upon the occurrence of any event or the discovery of any facts as
         contemplated by Section 3(f)(iv) hereof, the Company shall not be
         obligated to keep the Shelf Registration Statement effective or to
         permit the use of any Prospectus forming a part of the Shelf
         Registration Statement if the Company promptly thereafter complies with
         the requirements of Section 3(k) hereof; provided, further, that the
         failure to keep the Shelf Registration Statement effective and usable
         for offers and sales of Registrable Securities for such reason shall
         last no longer than 45 consecutive calendar days or no more than an
         aggregate of 90 calendar days during any consecutive twelve-month
         period (whereafter a Registration Default shall occur and Additional
         Dividends shall accumulate as set forth in Section 2.4(A)(v) hereof);
         any such period during which the Company is so excused from keeping the
         Shelf Registration Statement effective and usable for offers and sales
         of Registrable Securities is referred to herein as a "Suspension
         Period"; a Suspension Period shall commence on and include the date
         that the Company gives notice to the Holders that the Shelf
         Registration Statement is no longer effective or the Prospectus
         included therein is no longer usable for offers and sales of
         Registrable Securities as a result of the application of the proviso of
         the foregoing sentence, stating the reason therefor, and shall end on
         the earlier to occur of the date on which each seller of Registrable
         Securities covered by the Shelf Registration Statement either receives
         the copies of the supplemented or amended Prospectus or is advised in
         writing by the Company that use of the Prospectus may be resumed.

                             (ii)     Each Holder of Registrable Securities
         agrees that if such Holder wishes to sell Registrable Securities
         pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement and related Prospectus, it
         will do so only in accordance with this Section 2(a)(ii) and the last
         paragraph of Section 3 hereof. To be named a selling holder in the
         Shelf Registration Statement when it first becomes effective, Holders
         must deliver a Notice and Questionnaire to the Company at least five
         (5) Business Days prior to the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration
         Statement. From and after the date the Shelf Registration Statement is
         declared effective, the Company shall, as promptly as is practicable
         after the date a Notice and Questionnaire is delivered, and in any
         event within five (5) Business Days after such date, (1) if required by
         applicable law, file with the Commission a post-effective amendment to
         the Shelf Registration Statement or prepare and, if required by
         applicable law, file a supplement to the related Prospectus or an
         amendment or supplement to any document incorporated therein by
         reference or file any other required document (including, if required,
         a new or amended Shelf Registration Statement) so that the Holder
         delivering such Notice and Questionnaire is named as a selling holder
         in the Shelf Registration Statement and the related Prospectus and so
         that such Holder is permitted to deliver such Prospectus to purchasers
         of the Registrable Securities in accordance with applicable law and, if
         the Company shall file a post-effective amendment to the Shelf
         Registration Statement, use commercially reasonable efforts to cause
         such post-effective amendment to be declared effective under the Act as
         promptly as is practicable, (2) provide such Holder copies of any
         documents filed pursuant to Section 2(a)(ii)(1) hereof and (3) notify
         such Holder as promptly as practicable after the

                                       5

<PAGE>

         effectiveness under the Act of any post-effective amendment filed
         pursuant to Section 2(a)(ii)(1) hereof; provided, that if such Notice
         and Questionnaire is delivered during a Suspension Period, the Company
         shall so inform the Holder delivering such Notice and Questionnaire and
         shall take the actions set forth in clauses (1), (2) and (3) above upon
         expiration of the Suspension Period. Notwithstanding anything contained
         herein to the contrary, the Company shall be under no obligation to
         name any Holder that is not a Notice Holder as a selling holder in the
         Shelf Registration Statement or related Prospectus; provided, however,
         that any Holder that becomes a Notice Holder pursuant to the provisions
         of this Section 2(a)(ii) (whether or not such Holder was a Notice
         Holder at the time the Shelf Registration Statement was declared
         effective) shall be named as a selling holder in the Shelf Registration
         Statement or related Prospectus in accordance with the requirements of
         this Section 2(a)(ii).

                             (iii)    The Company shall not permit any
         securities other than Registrable Securities to be included in the
         Shelf Registration Statement. The Company further agrees, if necessary,
         to supplement or amend the Shelf Registration Statement, as required by
         Section 3(b) hereof, and to furnish to the Holders of Registrable
         Securities copies of any such supplement or amendment promptly after
         its being used or filed with the Commission.

                  (b)      Expenses. The Company shall pay all Registration
Expenses in connection with the registration pursuant to Section 2(a) hereof and
the performance of its obligations under Section 2(a) and Section 3 hereof. Each
Holder shall pay all underwriting discounts and commissions and transfer taxes,
if any, relating to the sale or disposition of such Holder's Registrable
Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement.

                  (c)      Interest.

                             (i)    If any of the following events (any such
         event a "Registration Default") shall occur, then additional dividends
         (the "Additional Dividends") shall become payable to Holders in respect
         of the Securities as follows:

                             (1)      if the Shelf Registration Statement is not
                  filed with the Commission by the Shelf Registration Filing
                  Date, then commencing on the day immediately after the Shelf
                  Registration Filing Date, Additional Dividends shall
                  accumulate on the outstanding Shares that are Registrable
                  Securities and on the Applicable Conversion Price of any
                  outstanding Stock that are Registrable Securities at a rate of
                  0.25% per annum for the first 90 days following such day
                  immediately after the Shelf Registration Filing Date and at a
                  rate of 0.50% per annum thereafter;

                             (2)      if the Shelf Registration Statement is not
                  declared effective by the Commission within 120 days following
                  the Shelf Registration Filing Date, then commencing on the
                  121st day after the Shelf Registration Filing Date, Additional
                  Dividends shall accumulate on the outstanding Shares that are
                  Registrable Securities and on the Applicable Conversion Price
                  of any outstanding Stock that are Registrable Securities at a
                  rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90

                                       6

<PAGE>

                  days following such 121st day after the Shelf Registration
                  Filing Date and at a rate of 0.50% per annum thereafter;

                             (3)      if the Company has failed to perform its
                  obligations set forth in Section 2(a)(ii) hereof within the
                  time periods required therein, then commencing on the first
                  day after the date by which the Company was required to
                  perform such obligations, Additional Dividends shall
                  accumulate on the outstanding Shares that are Registrable
                  Securities and on the Applicable Conversion Price of any
                  outstanding Stock that are Registrable Securities at a rate of
                  0.25% per annum for the first 90 days and at a rate of 0.50%
                  per annum thereafter;

                             (4)      if the Shelf Registration Statement has
                  been declared effective but such Shelf Registration Statement
                  ceases to be effective at any time (other than as specifically
                  permitted in Section 2(a)(i) hereof) without being succeeded
                  within 30 days by an amendment thereto or an additional
                  registration statement filed and declared effective, then
                  commencing on the day such Shelf Registration Statement ceases
                  to be effective, Additional Dividends shall accumulate on the
                  outstanding Shares that are Registrable Securities and on the
                  Applicable Conversion Price of any outstanding Stock that are
                  Registrable Securities at a rate of 0.25% per annum for the
                  first 90 days following such date on which the Shelf
                  Registration Statement ceases to be effective and at a rate of
                  0.50% per annum thereafter; or

                             (5)      if the aggregate duration of Suspension
                  Periods in any period exceeds the number of days permitted in
                  respect of such period pursuant to Section 2(a)(i) hereof,
                  then commencing on the day the aggregate duration of
                  Suspension Periods in any period exceeds the number of days
                  permitted in respect of such period, Additional Dividends
                  shall accumulate on the outstanding Shares that are
                  Registrable Securities and on the Applicable Conversion Price
                  of any outstanding Stock that are Registrable Securities at a
                  rate of 0.25% per annum for the first 90 days and at a rate of
                  0.50% per annum thereafter;

         provided, however, that the Additional Dividends on the Securities
         shall not exceed in the aggregate 0.50% per annum and shall not be
         payable under more than one clause above for any given period of time,
         except that if Additional Dividends would be payable under more than
         one clause above, but at a rate of 0.25% per annum under one clause and
         at a rate of 0.50% per annum under the other, then the Additional
         Dividends rate shall be the higher rate of 0.50% per annum; provided,
         further, however, that (1) upon the filing of the Shelf Registration
         Statement (in the case of Section 2(c)(i)(1) hereof), (2) upon the
         effectiveness of the Shelf Registration Statement (in the case of
         Section 2(c)(i)(2) hereof), (3) upon the Company's performing its
         obligations set forth in Section 2(a)(ii) hereof (in the case of
         Section 2(c)(i)(3) hereof), (4) upon the effectiveness of the Shelf
         Registration Statement which had ceased to remain effective (in the
         case of Section 2(c)(i)(4) hereof) or (5) upon the termination of the
         Suspension Period that caused the limit on the aggregate duration of
         Suspension Periods in a period set forth in Section 2(a)(i) hereof to
         be exceeded (in the case of Section 2(c)(i)(5) hereof), Additional

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<PAGE>

         Dividends on the Securities as a result of such Section, as the case
         may be, shall cease to accumulate.

                             (ii)     Additional Dividends on the Securities, if
         any, will be payable in cash on March 1, June 1, September 1 and
         December 1 of each year (the "Additional Dividends Payment Date") to
         holders of record of outstanding Registrable Securities on each
         preceding February 15, May 15, August 15 and November 15, respectively.
         The date of determination of the Applicable Conversion Price of any
         outstanding Stock that are Registrable Securities shall be the Business
         Day immediately preceding the Additional Dividends Payment Date;
         provided, that in the case of an event of the type described in Section
         2(c)(i)(3) hereof, such Additional Dividends shall be paid only to the
         Holders that have delivered Notice and Questionnaires that caused the
         Company to incur the obligations set forth in Section 2(a)(ii) hereof,
         the non-performance of which is the basis of such Registration Default;
         provided, further, that any Additional Dividends accumulated with
         respect to any Shares or portion thereof called for redemption on a
         redemption date or purchased on a purchase date or converted into Stock
         on a conversion date prior to the Registration Default shall, in any
         such event, be paid instead to the Holder who submitted such Shares or
         portion thereof for redemption, purchase or conversion on the
         applicable redemption date, purchase date or conversion date, as the
         case may be, on such date (or promptly following the conversion date,
         in the case of conversion), and shall continue to accumulate on the
         Stock issuable upon conversion of any Shares to the extent any
         Registration Default has not yet been cured. Following the cure of all
         Registration Defaults requiring the payment of Additional Dividends by
         the Company to the Holders of Registrable Securities pursuant to
         Section 2(c)(i) hereof, the accumulation of Additional Dividends will
         cease without in any way limiting the effect of any subsequent
         Registration Default requiring the payment of Additional Dividends by
         the Company.

         Notwithstanding the foregoing, the parties agree that the sole monetary
damages payable for a violation of the terms of this Agreement with respect to
which Additional Dividends are expressly provided shall be as set forth in this
Section 2(c). Nothing shall preclude a Notice Holder or Holder of Registrable
Securities from pursuing or obtaining specific performance or other equitable
relief with respect to this Agreement.

         3.       Registration Procedures. In connection with the obligations of
the Company with respect to Shelf Registration Statements pursuant to Section
2(a) hereof, the Company shall:

                  (a)      use reasonable commercial efforts to prepare and file
with the Commission a Shelf Registration Statement, within the relevant time
period specified in Section 2 hereof, on the appropriate form under the Act,
which form shall (i) be selected by the Company, (ii) be available for the sale
of the Registrable Securities by the selling Holders thereof and (iii) comply as
to form in all material respects with the requirements of the applicable form
and include or incorporate by reference all financial statements required by the
Commission to be filed therewith or incorporated by reference therein, and use
its reasonable commercial efforts to cause such Shelf Registration Statement to
become effective and remain effective in accordance with Section 2 hereof;

                                       8

<PAGE>

                  (b)      use reasonable commercial efforts to cause (i) any
Shelf Registration Statement and any amendment thereto, when it becomes
effective, not to contain an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading and (ii) subject to Section 2(a)(iii) hereof,
any Prospectus forming part of any Shelf Registration Statement, and any
supplement to such Prospectus (as amended or supplemented from time to time),
not to include an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a
material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were
made, not misleading;

                  (c)      use reasonable commercial efforts to prepare and file
with the Commission such amendments and post-effective amendments to the Shelf
Registration Statement as may be necessary under applicable law to keep such
Shelf Registration Statement effective for the applicable period; and cause each
Prospectus to be supplemented by any required prospectus supplement, and as so
supplemented to be filed pursuant to Rule 424 (or any similar provision then in
force) under the Act and comply with the provisions of the Act, the Exchange Act
and the rules and regulations thereunder applicable to them with respect to the
disposition of all securities covered by the Shelf Registration Statement during
the applicable period in accordance with the intended method or methods of
distribution reasonably requested by the selling Holders thereof;

                  (d)      (i) notify each Holder of Registrable Securities, at
least fifteen (15) calendar days prior to filing, that a Shelf Registration
Statement with respect to the Registrable Securities is being filed and advising
such Holders that the distribution of Registrable Securities will be made in
accordance with the methods reasonably requested by the Majority Holders
participating in the Shelf Registration and as set forth in the Notices and
Questionnaires, (ii) furnish to each Notice Holder of Registrable Securities and
to each underwriter of an underwritten offering of Registrable Securities, if
any, without charge, as many copies of each Prospectus, including each
preliminary Prospectus, and any amendment or supplement thereto, and such other
documents as such Notice Holder or underwriter may reasonably request, including
financial statements and schedules and, if the Notice Holder so requests, all
exhibits in order to facilitate the public sale or other disposition of the
Registrable Securities and (iii) hereby consent to the use of the Prospectus or
any amendment or supplement thereto by each of the selling Notice Holders of
Registrable Securities in connection with the offering and sale of the
Registrable Securities covered by the Prospectus or any amendment or supplement
thereto, save and except during any Suspension Period;

                  (e)      use its reasonable commercial efforts to register or
qualify the Registrable Securities under such state securities or blue sky laws
of such jurisdictions as any Notice Holder of Registrable Securities covered by
a Shelf Registration Statement and each underwriter of an underwritten offering
of Registrable Securities shall reasonably request in writing (which request
shall be included in the Notice and Questionnaire) by the time such Shelf
Registration Statement is declared effective by the Commission, and do any and
all other acts and things which may be reasonably necessary or advisable to
enable each such Notice Holder and underwriter to consummate the disposition in
each such jurisdiction of such Registrable Securities owned by such Notice
Holder; provided, however, that the Company shall not be required to (i) qualify
as a foreign corporation or as a dealer in securities in any jurisdiction where
it would not otherwise be

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<PAGE>

required to qualify but for this Section 3(e) or (ii) take any action which
would require it to file general consent to service of process or taxation or
file annual reports or comply with any other requirement deemed by the Company
in its reasonable judgment to be unduly burdensome;

                  (f)      notify promptly each Notice Holder of Registrable
Securities under a Shelf Registration and, if requested by such Notice Holder,
confirm such advice in writing promptly (i) when such Shelf Registration
Statement has become effective and when any post-effective amendments and
supplements thereto become effective, (ii) of any request by the Commission or
any state securities authority for post-effective amendments and supplements to
such Shelf Registration Statement and Prospectus or for additional information
after such Shelf Registration Statement has become effective, (iii) of the
issuance by the Commission or any state securities authority of any stop order
suspending the effectiveness of such Shelf Registration Statement or the
initiation of any proceedings for that purpose, (iv) of the happening of any
event (but not the nature of the details concerning the same) or the discovery
of any facts during the period the Shelf Registration Statement is effective
which makes any statement made in such Shelf Registration Statement or the
related Prospectus untrue in any material respect or which requires the making
of any changes in such Shelf Registration Statement or Prospectus in order to
make the statements therein not misleading (a "Material Event"); provided,
however, that no notice by the Company shall be required pursuant to this clause
(iv) in the event that the Company either promptly files a Prospectus supplement
to update the Prospectus or a Form 8-K or other appropriate Exchange Act report
that is incorporated by reference into the Shelf Registration Statement, which,
in either case, contains the requisite information with respect to such Material
Event that results in such Shelf Registration Statement no longer containing any
untrue statement of material fact or omitting to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements contained therein not misleading, (v) of the receipt by
the Company of any notification with respect to the suspension of the
qualification of the Registrable Securities, as the case may be, for sale in any
jurisdiction or the initiation or threatening of any proceeding for such purpose
and (vi) of any determination by the Company that a post-effective amendment to
the Shelf Registration Statement would be appropriate other than post-effective
amendments prepared and filed in accordance with Section 2(a)(ii) hereof;

                  (g)      furnish counsel for the Holders of Registrable
Securities copies of any comment letters received from the Commission or any
other request by the Commission or any state securities authority for amendments
or supplements to a Shelf Registration Statement and Prospectus or for
additional information;

                  (h)      use its reasonable commercial efforts to obtain the
withdrawal of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Shelf Registration
Statement as soon as practicable and provide prompt notice to legal counsel for
the Holders of the withdrawal of any such order;

                  (i)      furnish to each Notice Holder of Registrable
Securities, and each underwriter, if any, without charge, at least one conformed
copy of each Shelf Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment
thereto, including financial statements and schedules (without documents
incorporated therein by reference or all exhibits thereto, unless requested);

                                       10

<PAGE>

                  (j)      use its reasonable commercial efforts to cooperate
with the selling Notice Holders of Registrable Securities to facilitate the
timely preparation and delivery of certificates representing Registrable
Securities to be sold to the extent not held with the Depositary through Cede &
Co., to remove any restrictive legends, and to enable such Registrable
Securities to be in such denominations and registered in such names as the
selling Notice Holders or the underwriters, if any, may reasonably request at
least three (3) Business Days prior to the closing of any sale of Registrable
Securities;

                  (k)      upon the occurrence of any event or the discovery of
any facts, each as contemplated by Section 3(f)(ii), Section 3(f)(iii), Section
3(f)(iv), Section 3(f)(v) and Section 3(f)(vi) hereof and subject to the
provisions of the first paragraph immediately following Section 3(s) hereof, as
promptly as practicable after the occurrence of such an event, use its
reasonable commercial efforts to prepare a supplement or post-effective
amendment to the Shelf Registration Statement or the related Prospectus or any
document incorporated therein by reference or file any other required document
so that, as thereafter delivered to the purchasers of the Registrable
Securities, such Prospectus will not contain at the time of such delivery any
untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary
to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they
were made, not misleading. At such time as such public disclosure is otherwise
made or the Company determines that such disclosure is not necessary, in each
case to correct any misstatement of a material fact or to include any omitted
material fact, the Company agrees promptly to notify each Notice Holder of such
determination and to furnish each Notice Holder such number of copies of the
Prospectus, as amended or supplemented, as such Notice Holder may reasonably
request;

                  (l)      obtain a CUSIP number for all Registrable Securities
covered by the Shelf Registration Statement not later than the effective date of
such Shelf Registration Statement, and provide the transfer agent for the Shares
and the Stock with printed certificates for the Registrable Securities that are
in a form eligible for deposit with the Depositary;

                  (m)      enter into such customary agreements (including an
underwriting or similar agreement) and make such representations and warranties
and take all such other actions in connection therewith (including, without
limitation, furnishing customary comfort letters and legal opinions pursuant to
the terms of such agreement) in order to expedite or facilitate the disposition
of the Registrable Securities pursuant to any Shelf Registration Statement
contemplated by this Agreement as may be reasonably requested by any Holder of
Registrable Securities or underwriter in connection with any sale or resale
pursuant to any Shelf Registration Statement contemplated by this Agreement;

                  (n)      upon reasonable notice, for a reasonable period prior
to the filing of the Shelf Registration Statement and until the time at which
there are no Registrable Securities, make available at reasonable times at the
Company's principal place of business or such other reasonable place for
inspection by a representative appointed by the Notice Holders in connection
with an underwritten offering (or any underwriter, placement agent or counsel
acting on their behalf), who shall certify to the Company that they have a
current intention to sell their Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf
Registration Statement, such financial and other information and books and
records of the Company, and cause the officers, directors, employees and
independent certified public accountants of the Company to respond to such
inquiries, as

                                       11

<PAGE>

shall be reasonably necessary, in the judgment of the counsel to such Notice
Holders, to conduct a reasonable "due diligence" investigation; provided,
however, that such persons shall first agree in writing with the Company that
any information that is reasonably and in good faith designated by the Company
in writing as confidential at the time of delivery of such information shall be
kept confidential by such persons, unless (i) disclosure of such information is
required by court or administrative order or is necessary to respond to
inquiries of regulatory authorities, (ii) disclosure of such information is
required by law (including any disclosure requirements pursuant to federal
securities laws in connection with the filing of the Shelf Registration
Statement or the use of any Prospectus), (iii) such information becomes
generally available to the public other than as a result of a disclosure or
failure to safeguard such information by such persons or (iv) such information
becomes available to such persons from a source other than the Company and its
subsidiaries and such source is not known by such persons to be bound by a
confidentiality agreement; provided, further, that the foregoing inspection and
information gathering shall be coordinated by (x) the managing underwriter in
connection with any underwritten offering pursuant to a Shelf Registration and
(y) the Holder or Holders designated by the participating Majority Holders in
connection with any non-underwritten offering pursuant to a Shelf Registration,
together with one counsel designated by and on behalf of such persons;

                  (o)      if reasonably requested by the Initial Purchasers or
any Notice Holder, promptly incorporate in a Prospectus supplement or
post-effective amendment to the Shelf Registration Statement such information as
the Initial Purchasers or such Notice Holder shall, on the basis of a written
opinion of nationally-recognized counsel experienced in such matters, determine
to be required to be included therein by applicable law and make any required
filings of such Prospectus supplement or such post-effective amendment;
provided, that the Company shall not be required to take any actions under this
Section 3(o) that are not, in the reasonable opinion of counsel for the Company,
in compliance with applicable law;

                  (p)      use its reasonable commercial efforts to (i) confirm
that the ratings of the Shares will apply to the Shares covered by the Shelf
Registration Statement or (ii) if the Shares were not previously rated, cause
the Shares covered by the Shelf Registration Statement to be rated with the
appropriate rating agencies, if so requested by the Majority Holders of
Securities covered by such Shelf Registration Statement, or by the managing
underwriters, if any;

                  (q)      otherwise comply with all applicable rules and
regulations of the Commission and make available to its security holders, as
soon as reasonably practicable, an earnings statement covering at least 12
months which shall satisfy the provisions of Section 11(a) of the Act and Rule
158 thereunder;

                  (r)      use its reasonable commercial efforts to cause the
Stock to remain listed on the New York Stock Exchange; and

                  (s)      cooperate and assist in any filings required to be
made with the NASD and in the performance of any due diligence investigation by
any underwriter and its counsel (including any "qualified independent
underwriter" that is required to be retained in accordance with the rules and
regulations of the NASD).

                                       12

<PAGE>

         Each Holder agrees that upon receipt of any notice from the Company of
the happening of any event or the discovery of any facts, each of the kind
described in Section 3(f)(ii), Section 3(f)(iii), Section 3(f)(iv), Section
3(f)(v) or Section 3(f)(vi) hereof, such Holder will forthwith discontinue
disposition of Registrable Securities pursuant to such Shelf Registration
Statement or Prospectus until the receipt by such Holder of either copies of the
supplemented or amended Prospectus contemplated by Section 3(k) hereof, and, if
so directed by the Company, such Holder will deliver to the Company (at its
expense) all copies in its possession of the Prospectus covering such
Registrable Securities current at the time of receipt of such notice, or notice
in writing from the Company that such Holder may resume disposition of
Registrable Securities pursuant to such Shelf Registration Statement or
Prospectus. If the Company shall give any such notice to suspend the disposition
of Registrable Securities pursuant to a Shelf Registration Statement as a result
of the happening of any event or the discovery of any facts, each of the kind
described in Section 3(f)(ii), Section 3(f)(iii), Section 3(f)(iv), Section
3(f)(v) or Section 3(f)(vi) hereof, the Company shall be deemed to have used its
reasonable commercial efforts to keep such Shelf Registration Statement
effective during such Suspension Period; provided, that the Company shall use
its reasonable commercial efforts to file and have declared effective (if an
amendment) as soon as practicable an amendment or supplement to such Shelf
Registration Statement. The Company shall extend the period during which such
Shelf Registration Statement shall be maintained effective or the Prospectus
shall be used pursuant to this Agreement by the number of days during the period
from and including the date of the giving of the notice described above to and
including the date when the Holders shall have received copies of the
supplemented or amended Prospectus necessary to resume such dispositions or
notification that they may resume such disposition under an existing Prospectus.

         If any of the Registrable Securities covered by any Shelf Registration
Statement are to be sold in an underwritten offering, the underwriter or
underwriters and manager or managers that will manage such offering will be
selected by the Majority Holders of such Registrable Securities included in such
offering and shall be reasonably acceptable to the Company. No Holder of
Registrable Securities may participate in any underwritten registration
hereunder unless such Holder (a) agrees to sell such Holder's Registrable
Securities on the basis provided in any underwriting arrangements approved by
the persons entitled hereunder to approve such arrangements and (b) completes
and executes all questionnaires, powers of attorney, indemnities, underwriting
agreements and other documents required under the terms of such underwriting
arrangements.

         The Company may require each Holder of Registrable Securities as to
which any registration pursuant to Section 2(a) is being effected to furnish to
the Company such information regarding such Holder and such Holder's intended
method of distribution of such Registrable Securities as the Company may from
time to time reasonably request in writing, but only to the extent that such
information is required in order to comply with the Act. Each such Holder agrees
to notify the Company as promptly as practicable of any inaccuracy or change in
information previously furnished by such Holder to the Company or of the
occurrence of any event in either case as a result of which any Prospectus
relating to such registration contains or would contain an untrue statement of a
material fact regarding such Holder or such Holder's intended method of
disposition of such Registrable Securities or omits to state any material fact
regarding such Holder or such Holder's intended method of disposition of such
Registrable Securities required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading, and promptly to furnish to the Company any
additional information required to

                                       13

<PAGE>

correct and update any previously furnished information or required so that such
Prospectus shall not contain, with respect to such Holder or the disposition of
such Registrable Securities, an untrue statement of a material fact or omit to
state a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to make the
statements therein not misleading.

         Each Holder agrees, by acquisition of the Registrable Securities, that
such Holder shall not be entitled to sell any of such Registrable Securities
pursuant to the Shelf Registration Statement or to receive a Prospectus related
thereto, unless such Holder has furnished the Company with a Notice and
Questionnaire. Each Notice Holder agrees to furnish to the Company all
information required to be disclosed in order to make the information previously
furnished to the Company by such Holder not misleading and any other information
regarding such Notice Holder and the distribution of such Registrable Securities
as may be required to be disclosed in the Shelf Registration Statement under
applicable law or pursuant to the Commission's comments. Each Holder further
agrees not to sell any Registrable Securities pursuant to the Shelf Registration
Statement without delivering or causing to be delivered a Prospectus to the
purchaser thereof and, following the time at which there are no Registrable
Securities, to notify the Company, within 10 business days of a request by the
Company of the amount of Registrable Securities sold pursuant to the Shelf
Registration Statement and, in the absence of a response, the Company may assume
that all of the Holder's Registrable Securities were so sold.

         4.       Indemnification; Contribution.

         (a)      The Company agrees, to the extent permitted by law, to
indemnify and hold harmless each Holder and each Person, if any, who controls
any Holder within the meaning of Section 15 of the Act or Section 20 of the
Exchange Act, against any and all losses, claims, damages or liabilities, joint
or several, to which they or any of them may become subject under the Act or
otherwise ("Indemnified Holder"), and to reimburse the Holders and such
controlling Person or Persons, if any, for any legal or other expenses incurred
by them in connection with defending any action, suit or proceeding (including
governmental investigations) as provided in Section 4(c) hereof, insofar as such
losses, claims, damages, liabilities or actions, suits or proceedings (including
governmental investigations) arise out of or are based upon any untrue statement
or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in any Shelf
Registration Statement, or, if any Shelf Registration Statement shall be amended
or supplemented, in the Shelf Registration Statement as so amended or
supplemented, or arise out of or are based upon any omission or alleged omission
to state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary to
make the statements therein not misleading, except insofar as such losses,
claims, damages, liabilities or actions arise out of or are based upon any such
untrue statement or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission
which was made in the Shelf Registration Statement or in the Shelf Registration
Statement as so amended or supplemented, in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished in writing to the Company by any Holder expressly for use
therein.

         The Company's indemnity agreement contained in this Section 4(a), and
the covenants, representations and warranties of the Company contained in this
Agreement, shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation
made by or on behalf of any Person, and the indemnity agreement contained in
this Section 4 shall survive any termination of this Agreement.

                                       14

<PAGE>

The liabilities of the Company in this Section 4 are in addition to any other
liabilities of the Company under this Agreement or otherwise.

         (b)      Each Holder agrees, severally and not jointly, to the extent
permitted by law, to indemnify, hold harmless and reimburse the Company and each
Person, if any, who controls the Company within the meaning of Section 15 of the
Act or Section 20 of the Exchange Act, to the same extent and upon the same
terms as the indemnity agreement of the Company set forth in Section 4(a)
hereof, but only with respect to alleged untrue statements or omissions made in
the Shelf Registration Statement or in the Shelf Registration Statement, as
amended or supplemented (if applicable), in reliance upon and in conformity with
information furnished in writing to the Company by such Holder expressly for use
therein.

         The indemnity agreement on the part of each Holder contained in this
Section 4(b) shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any
investigation made by or on behalf of the Company or any other Person, and the
indemnity agreement contained in this Section 4(b) shall survive any termination
of this Agreement.

         (c)      If a claim is made or an action, suit or proceeding (including
governmental investigations) is commenced or threatened against any person as to
which indemnity may be sought under Section 4(a) or 4(b) hereof, such Person
(the "Indemnified Person") shall notify the Person against whom such indemnity
may be sought (the "Indemnifying Person") promptly after any assertion of such
claim threatening to institute an action, suit or proceeding or, if such an
action, suit or proceeding is commenced against such Indemnified Person,
promptly after such Indemnified Person shall have been served with a summons or
other first legal process, giving information as to the nature and basis of the
claim. Failure to so notify the Indemnifying Person shall not, however, relieve
the Indemnifying Person from any liability which it may have on account of the
indemnity under Section 4(a) or 4(b) hereof if the Indemnifying Person has not
been prejudiced in any material respect by such failure. Subject to the
immediately succeeding sentence, the Indemnifying Person shall assume the
defense of any such litigation or proceeding, including the employment of
counsel and the payment of all expenses, with such counsel being designated,
subject to the immediately succeeding sentence, in writing by a majority in
interest of the Holders in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to Section
4(b) hereof and by the Company in the case of parties indemnified pursuant to
Section 4(a) hereof. Any Indemnified Person shall have the right to participate
in such litigation or proceeding and to retain its own counsel, but the fees and
expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person
unless (i) the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have
mutually agreed to the retention of such counsel or (ii) the named parties to
any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include (x) the
Indemnifying Person and (y) the Indemnified Person and, in the written opinion
of counsel to such Indemnified Person, representation of both parties by the
same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or likely conflicts of
interest between them, in either of which cases the reasonable fees and expenses
of counsel (including disbursements) for such Indemnified Person shall be
reimbursed by the Indemnifying Person to the Indemnified Person. If there is a
conflict as described in clause (ii) above, and the Indemnified Persons have
participated in the litigation or proceeding utilizing separate counsel whose
fees and expenses have been reimbursed by the Indemnifying Person, and the
Indemnified Persons, or any of them, are found to be solely liable, such
Indemnified Person shall repay to the Indemnifying Parties such fees and
expenses of such separate counsel as the Indemnifying

                                       15

<PAGE>

Person shall have reimbursed. It is understood that the Indemnifying Person
shall not, in connection with any litigation or proceeding or related litigation
or proceedings in the same jurisdiction as to which the Indemnified Persons are
entitled to such separate representation, be liable under this Agreement for the
reasonable fees and out-of-pocket expenses of more than one separate firm
(together with not more than one appropriate local counsel) for all such
Indemnified Persons. Subject to the next paragraph, all such fees and expenses
shall be reimbursed by payment to the Indemnified Persons of such reasonable
fees and expenses of counsel promptly after payment thereof by the Indemnified
Persons.

         In furtherance of the requirement above that fees and expenses of any
separate counsel for the Indemnified Persons shall be reasonable, the Holders
and the Company agree that the Indemnifying Person's obligations to pay such
fees and expenses shall be conditioned upon the following:

                           (1)      in case separate counsel is proposed to be
                  retained by the Indemnified Persons pursuant to clause (ii) of
                  the preceding paragraph, the Indemnified Persons shall in good
                  faith fully consult with the Indemnifying Person in advance as
                  to the selection of such counsel;

                           (2)      reimbursable fees and expenses of such
                  separate counsel shall be detailed and supported in a manner
                  reasonably acceptable to the Indemnifying Person (but nothing
                  herein shall be deemed to require the furnishing to the
                  Indemnifying Person of any information, including, without
                  limitation, computer print-outs of lawyers' daily time
                  entries, to the extent that, in the judgment of such counsel,
                  furnishing such information might reasonably be expected to
                  result in a waiver of any attorney-client privilege); and

                           (3)      the Company and the Holders shall cooperate
                  in monitoring and controlling the fees and expenses of
                  separate counsel for Indemnified Persons for which the
                  Indemnifying Person is liable hereunder, and the Indemnified
                  Person shall use every reasonable effort to cause such
                  separate counsel to minimize the duplication of activities as
                  between themselves and counsel to the Indemnifying Person.

         The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any
litigation or proceeding effected without the written consent of the
Indemnifying Person, but if settled with such consent or if there be a final
judgment against the Indemnified Person, the Indemnifying Person agrees, subject
to the provisions of this Section 4, to indemnify the Indemnified Person from
and against any loss, damage, liability or expenses by reason of such settlement
or judgment. The Indemnifying Person shall not, without the prior written
consent of the Indemnified Persons, effect any settlement of any pending or
threatened litigation, proceeding or claim in respect of which indemnity has
been properly sought by the Indemnified Persons hereunder, unless such
settlement includes an unconditional release by the claimant of all Indemnified
Persons from all liability with respect to claims which are the subject matter
of such litigation, proceeding or claim.

                                       16

<PAGE>

         (d)      If the indemnification provided for in this Section 4 is
unavailable to or insufficient to hold harmless an Indemnified Person under this
Section 4 in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions,
suits or proceedings (including governmental investigations) in respect thereof)
referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under this Section 4 shall
contribute to the amount paid or payable by such Indemnified Person as a result
of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions in respect thereof)
in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received
by the Indemnifying Person on the one hand and the Indemnified Person on the
other from the sale of the Registrable Securities. If, however, the allocation
provided by the immediately preceding sentence is not permitted by applicable
law, then each Indemnifying Person shall contribute to such amount paid or
payable by such Indemnified Person in such proportion as is appropriate to
reflect not only such relative benefits but also the relative fault of each
Indemnifying Person, if any, on the one hand and the Indemnified Person on the
other in connection with the statements or omissions which resulted in such
losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or actions, suits or proceedings
(including governmental investigations) in respect thereof), as well as any
other relevant equitable considerations. The relative fault shall be determined
by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue
statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a
material fact relates to information supplied by the Company on the one hand or
the Holders on the other and the parties' relative intent, knowledge, access to
information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission.
The Company and the Holders agree that it would not be just and equitable if
contribution pursuant to this Section 4 were determined by pro rata allocation
(even if the Holders were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any
other method of allocation which does not take account of the equitable
considerations referred to in this Section 4. The amount paid or payable by an
Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages or liabilities (or
actions, suits or proceedings (including governmental proceedings) in respect
thereof) referred to in this Section 4 shall be deemed to include any legal or
other expenses reasonably incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with
investigating or defending any such actions, suits or proceedings (including
governmental proceedings) or claims, provided that the provisions of this
Section 4 have been complied with (in all material respects) in respect of any
separate counsel for such Indemnified Person. Notwithstanding the provisions of
this Section 4, no Holder shall be required to contribute any amount greater
than the excess of the amount by which the total received by such Holder with
respect to the sale of its Registrable Securities pursuant to a Shelf
Registration Statement exceeds the sum of (A) the amount paid by such Holder for
such Registrable Securities plus (B) the amount of any damages which such Holder
has otherwise been required to pay by reason of such untrue or alleged untrue
statement or omission or alleged omission. No Person guilty of fraudulent
misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section 11(f) of the Act) shall be
entitled to contribution from any person who was not guilty of such fraudulent
misrepresentation. The Holders' obligations in this Section 4 to contribute are
several in proportion to their respective obligations and not joint.

         The agreement with respect to contribution contained in this Section 4
shall remain in full force and effect regardless of any investigation made by or
on behalf of the Company or any Holder, and shall survive any termination of
this Agreement.

         5.       Miscellaneous.

                                       17

<PAGE>

                  (a)      Rule 144 and Rule 144A. For so long as the Company is
subject to the reporting requirements of Section 13 or 15 of the Exchange Act,
the Company covenants that it will file the reports required to be filed by it
under the Act and Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act and the rules and
regulations adopted by the Commission thereunder. If the Company ceases to be so
required to file such reports, the Company covenants that it will, upon the
request of any Holder of Registrable Securities, (i) make publicly available
such information as is necessary to permit sales pursuant to Rule 144 under the
Act, (ii) deliver such information to a prospective purchaser as is necessary to
permit sales pursuant to Rule 144A under the Act and (iii) take such further
action that is reasonable in the circumstances, in each case, to the extent
required from time to time to enable such Holder to sell its Registrable
Securities without registration under the Act within the limitation of the
exemptions provided by (A) Rule 144 under the Act, as such Rule may be amended
from time to time, (B) Rule 144A under the Act, as such Rule may be amended from
time to time or (C) any similar rules or regulations hereafter adopted by the
Commission. Upon the request of any Holder of Registrable Securities, the
Company will deliver to such Holder a written statement as to whether it has
complied with such requirements.

                  (b)      No Inconsistent Agreements. The Company has not
entered into and the Company will not after the date of this Agreement enter
into any agreement which is inconsistent with the rights granted to the Holders
of Registrable Securities in this Agreement or otherwise conflicts with the
provisions hereof. The rights granted to the Holders hereunder do not and will
not for the term of this Agreement in any way conflict with the rights granted
to the holders of the Company's other issued and outstanding securities under
any such agreements.

                  (c)      Amendments and Waivers. The provisions of this
Agreement, including the provisions of this sentence, may not be amended,
modified or supplemented, and waivers or consents to departures from the
provisions hereof may not be given, unless the Company has obtained the written
consent of the Majority Holders of the Registrable Securities affected by such
amendment, modification, supplement, waiver or departure. Without the consent of
the Holder of each Security, however, no modification may change the provisions
relating to the payment of Additional Dividends.

                  (d)      Notices. All notices and other communications
provided for or permitted hereunder shall be made in writing by hand delivery,
registered first-class mail, telecopier or any courier guaranteeing overnight
delivery: (a) if to a Holder, at the most current address given by such Holder
to the Company by means of a notice given in accordance with the provisions of
this Section 5(d), which address initially is the address set forth in the
Purchase Agreement with respect to the Initial Purchasers; and (b) if to the
Company, initially at the Company's address set forth in the Purchase Agreement,
and thereafter at such other address of which notice is given in accordance with
the provisions of this Section 5(d).

         All such notices and communications shall be deemed to have been duly
given: at the time delivered by hand, if personally delivered; two (2) Business
Days after being deposited in the mail, postage prepaid, if mailed; when receipt
is acknowledged, if telecopied; and on the next Business Day if timely delivered
to an air courier guaranteeing overnight delivery.

                                       18

<PAGE>

                  (e)      Successors and Assigns. This Agreement shall inure to
the benefit of and be binding upon the successors, assigns and transferees of
each of the parties, including, without limitation and without the need for an
express assignment, subsequent Holders; provided, that nothing herein shall be
deemed to permit any assignment, transfer or other disposition of Registrable
Securities in violation of the terms of the Purchase Agreement. If any
transferee of any Holder shall acquire Registrable Securities, in any manner,
whether by operation of law or otherwise, such Registrable Securities shall be
held subject to all of the terms of this Agreement, and by taking and holding
such Registrable Securities such person shall be conclusively deemed to have
agreed to be bound by and to perform all of the terms and provisions of this
Agreement, including the restrictions on resale set forth in this Agreement and,
if applicable, the Purchase Agreement, and such person shall be entitled to
receive the benefits hereof.

                  (f)      Third Party Beneficiaries. The Initial Purchasers
(even if the Initial Purchasers are not Holders of Registrable Securities) shall
be third party beneficiaries to the agreements made hereunder between the
Company, on the one hand, and the Holders, on the other hand, and shall have the
right to enforce such agreements directly to the extent they deem such
enforcement necessary or advisable to protect their rights or the rights of
Holders hereunder. Each Holder of Registrable Securities shall be a third party
beneficiary to the agreements made hereunder between the Company, on the one
hand, and the Initial Purchasers, on the other hand, and shall have the right to
enforce such agreements directly to the extent it deems such enforcement
necessary or advisable to protect its rights hereunder.

                  (g)      Specific Performance. Without limiting the remedies
available to the Initial Purchasers and the Holders, the Company acknowledges
that any failure by the Company to comply with its obligations under Section 2
hereof may result in material irreparable injury to the Initial Purchasers or
the Holders for which there is no adequate remedy at law, that it would not be
possible to measure damages for such injuries precisely and that, in the event
of any such failure, the Initial Purchasers or any Holder may obtain such relief
as may be required to specifically enforce the Company's obligations under
Section 2 hereof.

                  (h)      Counterparts. This Agreement may be executed in any
number of counterparts and by the parties hereto in separate counterparts, each
of which when so executed shall be deemed to be an original and all of which
taken together shall constitute one and the same agreement.

                  (i)      Headings. The headings in this Agreement are for the
convenience of reference only and shall not limit or otherwise affect the
meaning hereof.

                  (j)      GOVERNING LAW. THIS AGREEMENT SHALL BE GOVERNED BY
AND CONSTRUED IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE LAWS OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK WITHOUT
REGARD TO THE PRINCIPLES OF CONFLICT OF LAWS THEREOF.

                  (k)      Severability. In the event that any one or more of
the provisions contained herein, or the application thereof in any circumstance,
is held invalid, illegal or unenforceable, the validity, legality and
enforceability of any such provision in every other respect and of the remaining
provisions contained herein shall not be affected or impaired thereby.

                                       19

<PAGE>

                  (l)      Entire Agreement. This Agreement and other writings
referred to herein (including the Purchase Agreement) represent the entire
agreement among the parties hereto with respect to the subject matter hereof and
supercedes and replaces any and all prior agreements and understandings, whether
oral or written, with respect thereto.

                                       20

<PAGE>

         IN WITNESS WHEREOF, the parties have executed this Agreement as of the
date first above written.

                                       CMS ENERGY CORPORATION

                                       By: /s/ Thomas J. Webb
                                           ----------------------
                                           Name:  Thomas J. Webb
                                           Title: Executive Vice President and
                                                  Chief Financial Officer

CONFIRMED AND ACCEPTED
AS OF THE DATE FIRST ABOVE WRITTEN:

CITIGROUP GLOBAL MARKETS INC.,
for itself and as Representative
of the Initial Purchasers

By: /s/ Jane Sadowsky
    -------------------
    Name:  Jane Sadowsky
    Title: Managing Director

MERRILL LYNCH, PIERCE, FENNER & SMITH
                  INCORPORATED,
for itself and as Representative
of the Initial Purchasers

By: /s/ Jeff Kulik
    ----------------------
    Name:  Jeff Kulik
    Title: Vice President

</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
