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Leases | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2015
Leases | 10:L eases CMS Energy and Consumers lease various assets, including railcars, service vehicles, gas pipeline capacity, and buildings. In addition, CMS Energy and Consumers account for a number of their PPAs as capital and operating leases. Operating leases for coal-carrying railcars have original lease terms ranging from one to 15 years, expiring without extension provisions over the next ten years and with extension provisions over the next 11 years. These leases contain fair market value extension and buyout provisions. Capital leases for Consumers’ vehicle fleet operations have a maximum term of 120 months with some having end-of-lease rental adjustment clauses based on the proceeds received from the sale or disposition of the vehicles, and others having fixed percentage purchase options. Consumers has capital leases for gas transportation pipelines to the D.E. Karn generating complex and Zeeland. The capital lease for the gas transportation pipeline into the D.E. Karn generating complex has a term of 15 years with a provision to extend the contract from month to month. The remaining term of the contract was six years at December 31, 2015. The capital lease for the gas transportation pipeline to Zeeland has a term of five years with a renewal provision of an additional five years at the end of the contract. The remaining term of the contract was two years at December 31, 2015. The remaining terms of Consumers’ long-term PPAs accounted for as leases range between one and 17 years. Most of these PPAs contain provisions at the end of the initial contract terms to renew the agreements annually. Presented in the following table are Consumers’ minimum lease expense and contingent rental expense. For each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, all of CMS Energy’s minimum lease expense and contingent rental expense were attributable to Consumers.
In Millions
Years Ended December 31 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 |
Consumers
Minimum operating lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PPAs |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 6 |
Other agreements |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 21 |
Contingent rental expense 1 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 77 |
| 1 |  | Contingent rental expense is related to capital and operating lease PPAs and is based on delivery of energy and capacity in excess of minimum lease payments.
Consumers is authorized by the MPSC to record operating lease payments as operating expense and recover the total cost from customers. Presented in the following table are the minimum annual rental commitments under Consumers’ non‑cancelable leases at December 31, 2015. All of CMS Energy’s non‑cancelable leases at December 31, 2015 were attributable to Consumers.
In Millions
| Capital Leases | Financing 1 | Operating Leases |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  | $ | 14 |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 20 |
2017 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 19 |
2018 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 |
2019 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 10 |
2020 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |
2021 and thereafter |  |  | 36 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 29 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | $ | 101 |  | $ | 96 |  | $ | 104 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 43 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |
Present value of net minimum lease payments |  | $ | 58 |  | $ | 82 |  |  |  |
Less current portion |  |  | 9 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |
Non-current portion |  | $ | 49 |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |
| 1 |  | In 2007, Consumers sold Palisades to Entergy and entered into a 15-year PPA to buy all of the capacity and energy then capable of being produced by Palisades. Consumers has continuing involvement with Palisades through security provided to Entergy for Consumers’ PPA obligation and other arrangements. Because of these ongoing arrangements, Consumers accounted for the transaction as a financing of Palisades and not a sale. Accordingly, no gain on the sale of Palisades was recognized on the consolidated statements of income. Consumers accounted for the remaining non-real-estate assets and liabilities associated with the transaction as a sale.
Palisades remains on Consumers’ consolidated balance sheets and Consumers continues to depreciate it. Consumers recorded the related proceeds as a financing obligation with payments recorded to interest expense and the financing obligation based on the amortization of the obligation over the life of the Palisades PPA. The value of the financing obligation was determined based on an allocation of the transaction proceeds to the fair values of the net assets sold and fair value of the plant asset under the financing. Total amortization and interest charges under the financing were $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $19 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and $20 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.
Consumers Energy Company [Member] |
Leases | 10:L eases CMS Energy and Consumers lease various assets, including railcars, service vehicles, gas pipeline capacity, and buildings. In addition, CMS Energy and Consumers account for a number of their PPAs as capital and operating leases. Operating leases for coal-carrying railcars have original lease terms ranging from one to 15 years, expiring without extension provisions over the next ten years and with extension provisions over the next 11 years. These leases contain fair market value extension and buyout provisions. Capital leases for Consumers’ vehicle fleet operations have a maximum term of 120 months with some having end-of-lease rental adjustment clauses based on the proceeds received from the sale or disposition of the vehicles, and others having fixed percentage purchase options. Consumers has capital leases for gas transportation pipelines to the D.E. Karn generating complex and Zeeland. The capital lease for the gas transportation pipeline into the D.E. Karn generating complex has a term of 15 years with a provision to extend the contract from month to month. The remaining term of the contract was six years at December 31, 2015. The capital lease for the gas transportation pipeline to Zeeland has a term of five years with a renewal provision of an additional five years at the end of the contract. The remaining term of the contract was two years at December 31, 2015. The remaining terms of Consumers’ long-term PPAs accounted for as leases range between one and 17 years. Most of these PPAs contain provisions at the end of the initial contract terms to renew the agreements annually. Presented in the following table are Consumers’ minimum lease expense and contingent rental expense. For each of the years ended December 31, 2015, 2014, and 2013, all of CMS Energy’s minimum lease expense and contingent rental expense were attributable to Consumers.
In Millions
Years Ended December 31 | 2015 | 2014 | 2013 |
Consumers
Minimum operating lease expense |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PPAs |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 6 |  | $ | 6 |
Other agreements |  |  | 19 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 21 |
Contingent rental expense 1 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 85 |  |  | 77 |
| 1 |  | Contingent rental expense is related to capital and operating lease PPAs and is based on delivery of energy and capacity in excess of minimum lease payments.
Consumers is authorized by the MPSC to record operating lease payments as operating expense and recover the total cost from customers. Presented in the following table are the minimum annual rental commitments under Consumers’ non‑cancelable leases at December 31, 2015. All of CMS Energy’s non‑cancelable leases at December 31, 2015 were attributable to Consumers.
In Millions
| Capital Leases | Financing 1 | Operating Leases |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2016 |  | $ | 14 |  | $ | 17 |  | $ | 20 |
2017 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 19 |
2018 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 16 |
2019 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 10 |
2020 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 10 |
2021 and thereafter |  |  | 36 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 29 |
Total minimum lease payments |  | $ | 101 |  | $ | 96 |  | $ | 104 |
Less imputed interest |  |  | 43 |  |  | 14 |  |  |  |
Present value of net minimum lease payments |  | $ | 58 |  | $ | 82 |  |  |  |
Less current portion |  |  | 9 |  |  | 13 |  |  |  |
Non-current portion |  | $ | 49 |  | $ | 69 |  |  |  |
| 1 |  | In 2007, Consumers sold Palisades to Entergy and entered into a 15-year PPA to buy all of the capacity and energy then capable of being produced by Palisades. Consumers has continuing involvement with Palisades through security provided to Entergy for Consumers’ PPA obligation and other arrangements. Because of these ongoing arrangements, Consumers accounted for the transaction as a financing of Palisades and not a sale. Accordingly, no gain on the sale of Palisades was recognized on the consolidated statements of income. Consumers accounted for the remaining non-real-estate assets and liabilities associated with the transaction as a sale.
Palisades remains on Consumers’ consolidated balance sheets and Consumers continues to depreciate it. Consumers recorded the related proceeds as a financing obligation with payments recorded to interest expense and the financing obligation based on the amortization of the obligation over the life of the Palisades PPA. The value of the financing obligation was determined based on an allocation of the transaction proceeds to the fair values of the net assets sold and fair value of the plant asset under the financing. Total amortization and interest charges under the financing were $18 million for the year ended December 31, 2015, $19 million for the year ended December 31, 2014, and $20 million for the year ended December 31, 2013.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for lessee entity's leasing arrangements including, but not limited to, all of the following: (a.) The basis on which contingent rental payments are determined, (b.) The existence and terms of renewal or purchase options and escalation clauses, (c.) Restrictions imposed by lease agreements, such as those concerning dividends, additional debt, and further leasing. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 840 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6455398&loc=d3e45280-112737 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 840 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6452660&loc=d3e36991-112694 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 840 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6453985&loc=d3e41499-112717 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 840 -SubTopic 10 -Section 55 -Paragraph 40 -Subparagraph (Note 1,3) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6584154&loc=d3e38371-112697 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 460 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 4 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6851643&loc=d3e12069-110248 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 840 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6453985&loc=d3e41502-112717 + Details
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