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Consolidated Statements Of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2018 | Dec. 31, 2017 | Dec. 31, 2016
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Income | $ 659 | $ 462 | $ 553
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 933 | 881 | 811
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credit | 182 | 417 | 264
Bad debt expense | 54 | 49 | 50
Other non-cash operating activities and reconciling adjustments | 22 | 82 | 52
Postretirement benefits contributions | (252) | (12) | (108)
Cash provided by (used in) changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable and accrued revenue | 15 | (66) | (155)
Inventories | 14 | (46) | 146
Accounts payable and accrued rate refunds | 22 | 49 | 59
Other current and non-current assets and liabilities | 54 | (111) | (43)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,703 | 1,705 | 1,629
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under capital lease) | (2,074) | (1,665) | (1,672)
Increase in EnerBank notes receivable | (307) | (138) | (136)
Purchase of notes receivable by EnerBank | (225) | 0 | 0
Proceeds from DB SERP investments | 146 | 0 | 0
Proceeds from the sale of EnerBank notes receivable | 0 | 50 | 0
Cost to retire property and other investing activities | (146) | (115) | (107)
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,606) | (1,868) | (1,915)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 2,767 | 1,633 | 1,049
Retirement of debt | (1,870) | (980) | (728)
Increase in EnerBank certificates of deposit | 513 | 47 | 100
Increase (decrease) in notes payable | (73) | (228) |
Increase (decrease) in notes payable |  |  | 149
Issuance of common stock | 41 | 83 | 72
Payment of dividends on common and preferred stock | (407) | (377) | (347)
Debt prepayment costs | (36) | (22) | (18)
Payment of capital lease obligations and other financing costs | (61) | (46) | (22)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 874 | 110 | 255
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts | (29) | (53) | (31)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, Beginning of Period | 204 | 257 | 288
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, End of Period | 175 | 204 | 257
Cash transactions |  |  |
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) | 458 | 418 | 427
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net | (123) | 5 | 32
Non-cash transactions |  |  |
Capital expenditures not paid | 158 | 172 | 138
Note receivable recorded for future refund of use taxes paid and capitalized | 0 | 0 | 29
Other assets placed under capital lease | 0 | 3 | 13
Consumers Energy Company |  |  |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Income | 705 | 632 | 616
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 921 | 872 | 803
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credit | 123 | 163 | 289
Bad debt expense |  | 29 | 31
Other non-cash operating activities and reconciling adjustments | 13 | 59 | 25
Postretirement benefits contributions | (242) | (8) | (98)
Cash provided by (used in) changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable and accrued revenue | (26) | (63) | (138)
Inventories | 15 | (45) | 145
Accounts payable and accrued rate refunds | 12 | 43 | 57
Other current and non-current assets and liabilities | (101) | 33 | (49)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,449 | 1,715 | 1,681
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under capital lease) | (1,822) | (1,632) | (1,656)
DB SERP investment in note receivable – related party | (106) | 0 | 0
Proceeds from DB SERP investments | 106 | 0 | 0
Cost to retire property and other investing activities | (149) | (119) | (112)
Net cash used in investing activities | (1,971) | (1,751) | (1,768)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 2,106 | 834 | 446
Retirement of debt | (1,193) | (555) | (198)
Increase (decrease) in notes payable | (73) | (228) |
Increase (decrease) in notes payable |  |  | 149
Stockholder contribution | 250 | 450 | 275
Payment of dividends on common and preferred stock | (533) | (524) | (501)
Debt prepayment costs | (20) | (4) | 0
Payment of capital lease obligations and other financing costs | (24) | (24) | (3)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 513 | (51) | 168
Net Decrease in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts | (9) | (87) | 81
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, Beginning of Period | 65 | 152 | 71
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, End of Period | 56 | 65 | 152
Cash transactions |  |  |
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) | 287 | 266 | 256
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net | 156 | (1) | 50
Non-cash transactions |  |  |
Capital expenditures not paid | 143 | 160 | 127
Note receivable recorded for future refund of use taxes paid and capitalized | 0 | 0 | 29
Other assets placed under capital lease | $ 0 | $ 3 | $ 13

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- Definition The net cash inflow or outflow in Interest-bearing Deposits by banks in other financial institutions for relatively short periods of time including, for example, certificates of deposits. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 230 -SubTopic 10 -Section 45 -Paragraph 9 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=109223946&loc=d3e3098-108585 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 942 -SubTopic 230 -Section 45 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6477933&loc=d3e60009-112784 + Details
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