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Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2020 | Dec. 31, 2019 | Dec. 31, 2018
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Income | $ 752 | $ 682 | $ 659
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,048 | 992 | 933
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits | 170 | 150 | 182
Bad debt expense | 90 | 67 | 54
Other non‑cash operating activities and reconciling adjustments | (22) | (58) | 22
Postretirement benefits contributions | (712) | (10) | (252)
Cash provided by (used in) changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable and accrued revenue | (12) | 45 | 15
Inventories | 28 | 44 | 14
Accounts payable and accrued rate refunds | 54 | (69) | 22
Other current and non‑current assets and liabilities | (120) | (53) | 54
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,276 | 1,790 | 1,703
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under finance lease) | (2,317) | (2,104) | (2,074)
Increase in EnerBank notes receivable | (657) | (401) | (307)
Purchase of notes receivable by EnerBank | (17) | (343) | (225)
Proceeds from DB SERP investments | 0 | 0 | 146
Proceeds from sale of EnerBank notes receivable | 197 | 67 | 0
Proceeds from sale of transmission equipment | 58 | 97 | 0
Cost to retire property and other investing activities | (131) | (132) | (146)
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,867) | (2,816) | (2,606)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 3,179 | 2,151 | 2,767
Retirement of debt | (2,010) | (1,285) | (1,870)
Increase in EnerBank certificates of deposit | 416 | 631 | 513
Decrease in notes payable | (90) | (7) | (73)
Issuance of common stock, net of issuance costs | 253 | 12 | 41
Payment of dividends on common and preferred stock | (467) | (436) | (407)
Debt prepayment costs | (59) | (8) | (36)
Proceeds from the sale of membership interest in VIE to tax equity investor | 417 | 0 | 0
Contribution from noncontrolling interest | 31 | 0 | 0
Other financing costs | (51) | (50) | (61)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,619 | 1,008 | 874
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts | 28 | (18) | (29)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, Beginning of Period | 157 | 175 | 204
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, End of Period | 185 | 157 | 175
Cash transactions |  |  |
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) | 549 | 498 | 458
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net | (58) | (58) | (123)
Non‑cash transactions |  |  |
Capital expenditures not paid | 141 | 170 | 158
Consumers Energy Company |  |  |
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Income | 816 | 743 | 705
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,023 | 975 | 921
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits | 177 | 37 | 123
Bad debt expense |  |  | 29
Other non‑cash operating activities and reconciling adjustments | (30) | (32) | 13
Postretirement benefits contributions | (690) | (7) | (242)
Cash provided by (used in) changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Accounts and notes receivable and accrued revenue | (46) | 8 | (26)
Inventories | 26 | 40 | 15
Accounts payable and accrued rate refunds | 45 | (63) | 12
Other current and non‑current assets and liabilities | (136) | (129) | (101)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 1,218 | 1,601 | 1,449
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under finance lease) | (2,170) | (2,085) | (1,822)
Proceeds from DB SERP investments | 0 | 0 | 106
DB SERP investment in note receivable – related party | (5) | 0 | (106)
Proceeds from sale of transmission equipment | 58 | 77 | 0
Cost to retire property and other investing activities | (129) | (129) | (149)
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,246) | (2,137) | (1,971)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 1,954 | 993 | 2,106
Retirement of debt | (1,086) | (541) | (1,193)
Decrease in notes payable | (90) | (7) | (73)
Increase in notes payable – related parties | 307 | 0 | 0
Stockholder contribution | 650 | 675 | 250
Payment of dividends on common and preferred stock | (639) | (594) | (533)
Debt prepayment costs | (43) | (8) | (20)
Other financing costs | (18) | (10) | (24)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 1,035 | 508 | 513
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts | 7 | (28) | (9)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, Beginning of Period | 28 | 56 | 65
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, End of Period | 35 | 28 | 56
Cash transactions |  |  |
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) | 305 | 279 | 287
Income taxes paid (refunds received), net | 51 | 132 | 156
Non‑cash transactions |  |  |
Capital expenditures not paid | $ 130 | $ 160 | $ 143

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