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Financings and Capitalization (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2023
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is CMS Energy’s long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity | 2023 | 2022
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 3.875 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |
| 3.600 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
| 3.000 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
| 2.950 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 275 |
| 3.450 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
| 4.700 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
| 4.875 |  |  | 2044 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,975 |  |  | $ | 1,975 |
Convertible senior notes | 3.375 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 800 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |
Junior subordinated notes 1 | 4.750 |  | 2 | 2050 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 500 |
| 3.750 |  | 3 | 2050 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |
| 5.625 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 200 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 280 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2079 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 630 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 2,010 |
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 4,785 |  |  | $ | 3,985 |
CMS Energy subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  | 10,863 |  |  | $ | 10,277 |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Term loan facility | variable |  | 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,648 |  |  | $ | 14,362 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  | (975) |  |  | (1,090) |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  | (30) |  |  | (30) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  | (135) |  |  | (120) |
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,508 |  |  | $ | 13,122 |
1 These unsecured obligations rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of CMS Energy’s existing and future senior indebtedness. 2 On June 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five-year treasury rate plus 4.116 percent. 3 On December 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 2.900 percent.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is Consumers’ long-term debt—related parties at December 31, 2023:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%)
First mortgage bonds due 2060 |  | $ | 163 |  |  | 2.500 |
First mortgage bonds due 2052 |  | 106 |  |  | 2.650 |
First mortgage bonds due 2050 |  | 23 |  |  | 3.750 |
First mortgage bonds due 2050 |  | 52 |  |  | 3.100 |
First mortgage bonds due 2051 |  | 27 |  |  | 3.500 |
First mortgage bonds due 2048 |  | 60 |  |  | 4.050 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  | $ | 431 |  |  |
Unamortized discounts |  | (3) |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs |  | (4) |  |  |
Total long-term debt — related parties |  | $ | 424 |  |  |
Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2023:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Convertible senior notes |  | $ | 800 |  | 3.375 |  | May 2023 | May 2028
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 800 |  |  |  |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |
Term loan facility 1 |  | $ | 85 |  | variable | February 2023 | November 2023
Total NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 425 |  | 4.650 |  | January 2023 | March 2028
First mortgage bonds |  | 700 |  | 4.625 |  | February 2023 | May 2033
First mortgage bonds |  | 115 |  | 5.240 |  | May 2023 | May 2026
First mortgage bonds |  | 50 |  | 5.070 |  | May 2023 | May 2029
First mortgage bonds |  | 95 |  | 5.170 |  | May 2023 | May 2032
First mortgage bonds |  | 140 |  | 5.380 |  | May 2023 | May 2037
First mortgage bonds |  | 500 |  | 4.900 |  | August 2023 | February 2029
2023 Securitization bonds 2 |  | 250 |  | 5.550 |  | December 2023 | March 2028
2023 Securitization bonds 2 |  | 396 |  | 5.210 |  | December 2023 | September 2031
Total Consumers |  | $ | 2,671 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 3,556 |  |  |  |
1 In December 2022, a subsidiary of NorthStar Clean Energy entered into a $185 million unsecured term loan credit agreement. Under this credit agreement, a subsidiary of NorthStar Clean Energy borrowed $85 million in 2023. 2 For additional details on the securitization, see Note 2, Regulatory Matters— Securitized Costs. Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt retirements during 2023:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Retirement Date | Maturity Date
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |
Term loan facility |  | $ | 185 |  | variable | November 2023 | November 2023
Total NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  | $ | 185 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
Term loan facility |  | $ | 1,000 |  | variable | February 2023 | January 2024
First mortgage bonds |  | 300 |  | 0.350 | June 2023 | June 2023
First mortgage bonds |  | 325 |  | 3.375 | August 2023 | August 2023
Total Consumers |  | $ | 1,625 |  |  |  |
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2023, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |
Consumers |  | 725 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |
Total CMS Energy 1 |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2023:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 1 |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 526 |
September 22, 2024 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 25, 2025 2 |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumers 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 1,073 |
November 18, 2025 |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 202 |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2023. 2 This letter of credit facility is available to Aviator Wind Equity Holdings. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings, see Note 18, Variable Interest Entities. 3 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Forward Contracts | Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s forward sales contracts under its equity offering program at December 31, 2023:
|  |  | Forward Price Per Share
Contract Date | Maturity Date | Number of Shares | Initial | December 31, 2023
August 3, 2022 | December 31, 2024 | 328,207 |  | $ | 67.59 |  |  | $ | 68.37 |
August 24, 2022 | December 31, 2024 | 1,677,938 |  | 69.46 |  |  | 70.91 |
August 29, 2022 | December 31, 2024 | 1,783,388 |  | 68.18 |  |  | 69.54 |
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s Series C preferred stock at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Depositary Share Par Value | Depositary Share Optional Redemption Price | Number of Depositary Shares Authorized | Number of Depositary Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, redeemable perpetual |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |  | 9,200,000 |  | 9,200,000 |
Consumers Energy Company |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is Consumers’ long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2023 | 2022
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 0.350 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 300 |
|  | 3.375 |  |  | 2023 |  |  | — |  |  | 325 |
|  | 3.125 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | 3.190 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | 52 |  |  | 52 |
|  | 5.240 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 115 |  |  | — |
|  | 3.680 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 3.390 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
|  | 4.650 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 425 |  |  | — |
|  | 3.800 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.900 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 500 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.070 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.170 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 95 |  |  | — |
|  | 3.600 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 3.180 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 4.625 |  |  | 2033 |  |  | 700 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.800 |  |  | 2035 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 175 |
|  | 5.380 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 140 |  |  | — |
|  | 3.520 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 335 |
|  | 4.010 |  |  | 2038 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 215 |
|  | 6.170 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.970 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.310 |  |  | 2042 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 263 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 425 |
|  | 4.100 |  |  | 2045 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | 3.250 |  |  | 2046 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2047 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 4.050 |  |  | 2048 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2049 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.750 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 3.100 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.500 |  |  | 2051 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 575 |
|  | 2.650 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.200 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.860 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.280 |  |  | 2057 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 185 |
|  | 2.500 |  |  | 2060 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 525 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2064 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2069 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 76 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 127 |
In Millions
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2023 | 2022
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,397 |  |  | $ | 8,997 |
Tax-exempt revenue bonds |  | 0.875 |  | 2 | 2035 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
|  | 1.800 |  | 3 | 2049 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 75 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 110 |
2014 Securitization bonds |  | 3.421 |  | 4 | 2025-2029 | 5 |  | $ | 141 |  |  | $ | 170 |
2023 Securitization bonds |  | 5.342 |  | 6 | 2028-2031 | 5 |  | 646 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 787 |  |  | $ | 170 |
Term loan facility |  | variable |  | 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,000 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,294 |  |  | $ | 10,277 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (725) |  |  | (991) |
Long-term debt – related parties 7 principal amount outstanding |  |  |  | 2050-2060 |  |  | (431) |  |  | — |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (28) |  |  | (27) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (73) |  |  | (67) |
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,037 |  |  | $ | 9,192 |
1 The variable-rate bonds bear interest quarterly at a rate of three-month SOFR minus 0.038 percent, subject to a zero-percent floor. At December 31, 2023, the interest rates were 5.346 percent for bonds due September 2069, 5.329 percent for bonds due May 2070, and 5.368 percent for bonds due October 2070. The interest rate for all variable-rate bonds at December 31, 2022 was zero percent. The holders of these variable-rate bonds may put them to Consumers for redemption on certain dates prior to their stated maturity, including dates within one year of December 31, 2023. 2 The interest rate on these tax-exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 8, 2026. 3 The interest rate on these tax‑exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 1, 2024. 4 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2014 Securitization Funding, was 3.421 percent at December 31, 2023 and 3.343 percent at December 31, 2022. 5 Principal and interest payments are made semiannually. 6 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2023 Securitization Funding, was 5.342 percent at December 31, 2023. 7 Long-term debt – related parties reflects Consumers’ outstanding debt held by its parent as a result of CMS Energy’s repurchase of Consumers’ first mortgage bonds.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is Consumers’ long-term debt—related parties at December 31, 2023:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%)
First mortgage bonds due 2060 |  | $ | 163 |  |  | 2.500 |
First mortgage bonds due 2052 |  | 106 |  |  | 2.650 |
First mortgage bonds due 2050 |  | 23 |  |  | 3.750 |
First mortgage bonds due 2050 |  | 52 |  |  | 3.100 |
First mortgage bonds due 2051 |  | 27 |  |  | 3.500 |
First mortgage bonds due 2048 |  | 60 |  |  | 4.050 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  | $ | 431 |  |  |
Unamortized discounts |  | (3) |  |  |
Unamortized issuance costs |  | (4) |  |  |
Total long-term debt — related parties |  | $ | 424 |  |  |
Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2023:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Convertible senior notes |  | $ | 800 |  | 3.375 |  | May 2023 | May 2028
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 800 |  |  |  |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |
Term loan facility 1 |  | $ | 85 |  | variable | February 2023 | November 2023
Total NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  | $ | 85 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 425 |  | 4.650 |  | January 2023 | March 2028
First mortgage bonds |  | 700 |  | 4.625 |  | February 2023 | May 2033
First mortgage bonds |  | 115 |  | 5.240 |  | May 2023 | May 2026
First mortgage bonds |  | 50 |  | 5.070 |  | May 2023 | May 2029
First mortgage bonds |  | 95 |  | 5.170 |  | May 2023 | May 2032
First mortgage bonds |  | 140 |  | 5.380 |  | May 2023 | May 2037
First mortgage bonds |  | 500 |  | 4.900 |  | August 2023 | February 2029
2023 Securitization bonds 2 |  | 250 |  | 5.550 |  | December 2023 | March 2028
2023 Securitization bonds 2 |  | 396 |  | 5.210 |  | December 2023 | September 2031
Total Consumers |  | $ | 2,671 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 3,556 |  |  |  |
1 In December 2022, a subsidiary of NorthStar Clean Energy entered into a $185 million unsecured term loan credit agreement. Under this credit agreement, a subsidiary of NorthStar Clean Energy borrowed $85 million in 2023. 2 For additional details on the securitization, see Note 2, Regulatory Matters— Securitized Costs.
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2023, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2024 | 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |
Consumers |  | 725 |  |  | 116 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |
Total CMS Energy 1 |  | $ | 975 |  |  | $ | 366 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 116 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2023:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 1 |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 24 |  |  | $ | 526 |
September 22, 2024 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
September 25, 2025 2 |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 37 |  |  | $ | — |
Consumers 3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 27 |  |  | $ | 1,073 |
November 18, 2025 |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 48 |  |  | 202 |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2023. 2 This letter of credit facility is available to Aviator Wind Equity Holdings. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings, see Note 18, Variable Interest Entities. 3 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of Consumers’ preferred stock at December 31, 2023 and 2022:
| Par Value | Optional Redemption Price | Number of Shares Authorized | Number of Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, with no mandatory redemption |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 110 |  | 7,500,000 |  | 373,148 |

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