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Financings and Capitalization (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2024
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is CMS Energy’s long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity | 2024 | 2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 3.875 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250 |
| 3.600 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
| 3.000 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
| 2.950 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 275 |
| 3.450 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
| 4.700 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
| 4.875 |  |  | 2044 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,725 |  |  | $ | 1,975 |
Convertible senior notes 1 | 3.375 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 800 |
Junior subordinated notes 2 | 4.750 |  | 3 | 2050 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 500 |
| 3.750 |  | 4 | 2050 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |
| 5.625 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 200 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 280 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2079 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 630 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,010 |  |  | $ | 2,010 |
Term loan facilities | variable | 5 | 2025 |  |  | $ | 90 |  |  | $ | — |
| variable | 6 | 2025 |  |  | 400 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 490 |  |  | $ | — |
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 5,025 |  |  | $ | 4,785 |
CMS Energy subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,370 |  |  | $ | 10,863 |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facility | variable | 7 | 2027 |  |  | 150 |  |  | — |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 16,545 |  |  | $ | 15,648 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  | (1,192) |  |  | (975) |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  | (29) |  |  | (30) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  | (130) |  |  | (135) |
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 15,194 |  |  | $ | 14,508 |
1 Holders of the convertible senior notes may convert their notes at their option in accordance with the conditions outlined in the related indenture. CMS Energy will settle conversions of the notes in accordance with the terms outlined in the related indenture. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment for anti-dilutive events and fundamental change and redemption provisions as described in the related indenture. There are no sinking fund requirements for the notes. At December 31, 2024, the conversion price for the notes was $73.93 per share of common stock. Unamortized debt costs associated with this issuance were $9 million at December 31, 2024. 2 These unsecured obligations rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of CMS Energy’s existing and future senior indebtedness. 3 On June 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 4.116 percent. 4 On December 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 2.900 percent. 5 The delayed-draw unsecured term loan credit facility has an interest rate of Term SOFR plus 0.900 percent. At December 31, 2024, borrowings under the term loan credit facility had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.245 percent. 6 The delayed-draw unsecured term loan credit facility has an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 0.850 percent. At December 31, 2024, borrowings under the term loan credit facility had a weighted-average interest rate of 5.403 percent. 7 Loans under this facility have an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 1.750 percent less an adjustment of 0.050 percent for green credit advances. At December 31, 2024, the weighted-average interest rate for the loans issued under this facility was 6.097 percent.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2024:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Term loan credit agreement |  | $ | 400 |  | variable | September 2024 | September 2025
Term loan credit agreement 1 |  | 90 |  | variable | December 2024 | December 2025
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 490 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 600 |  | 4.600 |  | January 2024 | May 2029
First mortgage bonds |  | 700 |  | 4.700 |  | August 2024 | January 2030
Total Consumers |  | $ | 1,300 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  |  |
1 In December 2024, CMS Energy entered into a $200 million unsecured term loan credit agreement and borrowed $90 million. In January 2025, CMS Energy borrowed an additional $70 million bearing an interest rate of 5.206 percent. Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt retirements during 2024:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Retirement Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes |  | $ | 250 |  | 3.875 |  | January 2024 | March 2024
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 250 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds 1 |  | $ | 250 |  | 3.125 |  | September 2024 | August 2024
First mortgage bonds |  | 52 |  | 3.190 |  | December 2024 | December 2024
Total Consumers |  | $ | 302 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 552 |  |  |  |
1 First mortgage bonds were repaid the first business day following the maturity date, which did not fall on a business day.
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2024, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 740 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumers |  | 452 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,256 |
Total CMS Energy 1 |  | $ | 1,192 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2024:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 1 |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 519 |
September 30, 2025 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 7, 2027 2 |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
September 25, 2025 3 |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Consumers 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 1,072 |
November 18, 2025 |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 192 |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2024. 2 Obligations under this facility are secured by certain pledged equity interests in subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy; under the terms of this facility, the interests may not be sold by NorthStar Clean Energy unless there is an agreed-upon substitution for the pledged equity interests. At December 31, 2024, the net book value of the pledged equity interests was $396 million. Also under the terms of this facility, NorthStar Clean Energy may be restricted from remitting cash dividends to CMS Energy in the event of default. 3 This letter of credit facility is available to Aviator Wind Equity Holdings. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings, see Note 18, Variable Interest Entities. 4 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Supplier Finance Program | Presented in the following table is the activity under NorthStar Clean Energy’s supplier financing program during the year ended December 31, 2024:
In Millions
Year Ended December 31 | 2024
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at beginning of period |  | $ | —
Payables confirmed |  | 22 |
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at end of period |  | $ | 22 |
Schedule of Forward Contracts Indexed to Issuer's Equity | Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s forward sales contracts under its current equity offering program at December 31, 2024:
|  |  | Forward Price Per Share
Contract Date | Maturity Date | Number of Shares | Initial | December 31, 2024
December 16, 2024 | November 27, 2025 | 400,581 |  | $ | 69.43 |  |  | $ | 69.53 |
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s Series C preferred stock at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Depositary Share Par Value | Depositary Share Optional Redemption Price | Number of Depositary Shares Authorized | Number of Depositary Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, redeemable perpetual |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |  | 9,200,000 |  | 9,200,000 |
Consumers Energy Company |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is Consumers’ long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2024 | 2023
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
|  | 3.125 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250 |
|  | 3.190 |  |  | 2024 |  |  | — |  |  | 52 |
|  | 5.240 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 115 |
|  | 3.680 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 3.390 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
|  | 4.650 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 425 |
|  | 3.800 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.900 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 500 |
|  | 5.070 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.600 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 600 |  |  | — |
|  | 4.700 |  |  | 2030 |  |  | 700 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.170 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 95 |
|  | 3.600 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 3.180 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 4.625 |  |  | 2033 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 700 |
|  | 5.800 |  |  | 2035 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 175 |
|  | 5.380 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 140 |
|  | 3.520 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 335 |
|  | 4.010 |  |  | 2038 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 215 |
|  | 6.170 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.970 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.310 |  |  | 2042 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 263 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 425 |
|  | 4.100 |  |  | 2045 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | 3.250 |  |  | 2046 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2047 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 4.050 |  |  | 2048 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2049 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.750 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 3.100 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.500 |  |  | 2051 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 575 |
|  | 2.650 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.200 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.860 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.280 |  |  | 2057 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 185 |
|  | 2.500 |  |  | 2060 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 525 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2064 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2069 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 76 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 127 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,395 |  |  | $ | 10,397 |
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2024 | 2023
Tax-exempt revenue bonds |  | 0.875 |  | 2 | 2035 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 35 |
|  | 3.350 |  | 3 | 2049 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 75 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 110 |
2014 Securitization bonds |  | 3.528 |  | 4 | 2029 | 5 |  | $ | 112 |  |  | $ | 141 |
2023 Securitization bonds |  | 5.322 |  | 6 | 2028-2031 | 5 |  | 588 |  |  | 646 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 700 |  |  | $ | 787 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,205 |  |  | $ | 11,294 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (452) |  |  | (725) |
Long-term debt – related parties 7 principal amount outstanding |  |  |  | 2043-2060 |  |  | (835) |  |  | (431) |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (27) |  |  | (28) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (73) |  |  | (73) |
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 10,818 |  |  | $ | 10,037 |
1 The variable-rate bonds bear interest quarterly at a rate of three‑month SOFR minus 0.038 percent, subject to a zero‑percent floor. At December 31, 2024, the interest rates were 4.320 percent for bonds due September 2069, 4.483 percent for bonds due May 2070, and 4.551 percent for bonds due October 2070. The interest rate for the variable-rate bonds at December 31, 2023 were 5.346 percent, 5.329 percent, and 5.368 percent, respectively. The holders of these variable-rate bonds may put them to Consumers for redemption on certain dates prior to their stated maturity, including dates within one year of December 31, 2024. 2 The interest rate on these tax-exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 8, 2026. 3 The interest rate on these tax‑exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 1, 2027. 4 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2014 Securitization Funding, was 3.528 percent at December 31, 2024 and 3.421 percent at December 31, 2023. 5 Principal and interest payments are made semiannually. 6 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2023 Securitization Funding, was 5.322 percent at December 31, 2024 and 5.342 percent at December 31, 2023. 7 Long-term debt – related parties reflects Consumers’ outstanding debt held by its parent as a result of CMS Energy’s repurchase of Consumers’ first mortgage bonds. Unamortized discounts associated with the repurchase of Consumers’ first mortgage bonds were $5 million at December 31, 2024 and $3 million at December 31, 2023. Unamortized issuance costs were $7 million at December 31, 2024 and $4 million at December 31, 2023.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2024:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Term loan credit agreement |  | $ | 400 |  | variable | September 2024 | September 2025
Term loan credit agreement 1 |  | 90 |  | variable | December 2024 | December 2025
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 490 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 600 |  | 4.600 |  | January 2024 | May 2029
First mortgage bonds |  | 700 |  | 4.700 |  | August 2024 | January 2030
Total Consumers |  | $ | 1,300 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 1,790 |  |  |  |
1 In December 2024, CMS Energy entered into a $200 million unsecured term loan credit agreement and borrowed $90 million. In January 2025, CMS Energy borrowed an additional $70 million bearing an interest rate of 5.206 percent.
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2024, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2025 | 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 740 |  |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 150 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumers |  | 452 |  |  | 237 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,256 |
Total CMS Energy 1 |  | $ | 1,192 |  |  | $ | 537 |  |  | $ | 1,038 |  |  | $ | 1,643 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 452 |  |  | $ | 237 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2024:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 1 |  | $ | 550 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 31 |  |  | $ | 519 |
September 30, 2025 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy, including subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
May 7, 2027 2 |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | 150 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
September 25, 2025 3 |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Consumers 4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 14, 2027 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 28 |  |  | $ | 1,072 |
November 18, 2025 |  | 250 |  |  | — |  |  | 58 |  |  | 192 |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2024. 2 Obligations under this facility are secured by certain pledged equity interests in subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy; under the terms of this facility, the interests may not be sold by NorthStar Clean Energy unless there is an agreed-upon substitution for the pledged equity interests. At December 31, 2024, the net book value of the pledged equity interests was $396 million. Also under the terms of this facility, NorthStar Clean Energy may be restricted from remitting cash dividends to CMS Energy in the event of default. 3 This letter of credit facility is available to Aviator Wind Equity Holdings. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings, see Note 18, Variable Interest Entities. 4 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of Consumers’ preferred stock at December 31, 2024 and 2023:
| Par Value | Optional Redemption Price | Number of Shares Authorized | Number of Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, with no mandatory redemption |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 110 |  | 7,500,000 |  | 373,148 |
NorthStar Clean Energy |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Schedule of Supplier Finance Program | Presented in the following table is the activity under NorthStar Clean Energy’s supplier financing program during the year ended December 31, 2024:
In Millions
Year Ended December 31 | 2024
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at beginning of period |  | $ | —
Payables confirmed |  | 22 |
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at end of period |  | $ | 22 |

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