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CMS Energy Corporation Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows - USD ($) $ in Millions | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2024 | Dec. 31, 2023 | Dec. 31, 2022
Cash Flows from Operating Activities |  |  |
Net Income | $ 947 | $ 808 | $ 813
Adjustments to reconcile net income to net cash provided by operating activities |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,240 | 1,180 | 1,126
Deferred income taxes and investment tax credits | 142 | 157 | 89
Bad debt expense | 33 | 34 | 50
Postretirement benefits contributions | (13) | (12) | (12)
Gain from sale of EnerBank | 0 | 0 | (5)
Other non‑cash operating activities and reconciling adjustments | (241) | (274) | (93)
Changes in assets and liabilities |  |  |
Accounts receivable and accrued revenue | (155) | 241 | (677)
Inventories | 164 | 185 | (450)
Accounts payable and accrued rate refunds | 15 | (136) | 4
Other current assets and liabilities | 42 | (21) | 14
Other non‑current assets and liabilities | 196 | 147 | (4)
Net cash provided by operating activities | 2,370 | 2,309 | 855
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Net proceeds from sale of EnerBank | 0 | 0 | 5
Cost to retire property and other investing activities | (160) | (167) | (107)
Net cash used in investing activities | (3,054) | (3,386) | (2,476)
Cash Flows from Financing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from issuance of debt | 1,962 | 3,551 | 1,899
Retirement of debt | (952) | (2,132) | (106)
Increase (decrease) in notes payable | (28) | 73 | 20
Issuance of common stock | 286 | 192 | 69
Payment of dividends on common and preferred stock | (626) | (579) | (544)
Proceeds from the sale of membership interest in VIE to tax equity investor | 0 | 86 | 49
Contributions from noncontrolling interests | 5 | 6 | 2
Distributions to noncontrolling interests | (12) | (12) | (4)
Other financing costs | (21) | (42) | (58)
Net cash provided by financing activities | 614 | 1,143 | 1,327
Net Increase (Decrease) in Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts | (70) | 66 | (294)
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, Beginning of Period | 248 | 182 | 476
Cash and Cash Equivalents, Including Restricted Amounts, End of Period | 178 | 248 | 182
Cash transactions |  |  |
Interest paid (net of amounts capitalized) | 677 | 607 | 490
Income taxes paid (proceeds from sale of renewable energy tax credits), net | (69) | 15 | 1
Non‑cash transactions |  |  |
Capital expenditures not paid | 517 | 265 | 228
ASP gain |  |  |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of ASP business | 124 | 0 | 0
Capital Expenditures |  |  |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under finance lease) | (3,018) | (2,407) | (2,374)
Covert Plant Acquisition |  |  |
Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |
Capital expenditures (excludes assets placed under finance lease) | $ 0 | $ (812) | $ 0

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