v3.25.4

Financings and Capitalization (Tables) | 12 Months Ended
--- | ---
Dec. 31, 2025
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is CMS Energy’s long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity | 2025 | 2024
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 3.600 |  |  | 2025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 250 |
| 3.000 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
| 2.950 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 275 |
| 3.450 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
| 4.700 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
| 4.875 |  |  | 2044 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,475 |  |  | $ | 1,725 |
Convertible senior notes 1 | 3.375 |  | 2 | 2028 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | 800 |
| 3.125 |  | 3 | 2031 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,800 |  |  | $ | 800 |
Junior subordinated notes 4 | 4.750 |  | 5 | 2050 |  |  | $ | 500 |  |  | $ | 500 |
| 3.750 |  | 6 | 2050 |  |  | 400 |  |  | 400 |
| 6.500 |  | 7 | 2055 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  | — |
| 5.625 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 200 |  |  | 200 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2078 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 280 |
| 5.875 |  |  | 2079 |  |  | 630 |  |  | 630 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,010 |  |  | $ | 2,010 |
Term loan facilities | variable |  | 2025 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 90 |
| variable |  | 2025 |  |  | — |  |  | 400 |
|  |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 490 |
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 6,285 |  |  | $ | 5,025 |
CMS Energy subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,196 |  |  | $ | 11,370 |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facility | variable | 8 | 2028 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 150 |
Construction financing agreement 9 | variable |  | Five years after conversion date |  |  | 223 |  |  | — |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 18,939 |  |  | $ | 16,545 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  | (950) |  |  | (1,192) |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  | (28) |  |  | (29) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  | (154) |  |  | (130) |
Total CMS Energy long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 17,807 |  |  | $ | 15,194 |
1 Holders of the convertible senior notes may convert their notes at their option in accordance with the conditions outlined in the related indentures. CMS Energy will settle conversions of the notes in accordance with the terms outlined in the related indentures. The conversion rate will be subject to adjustment for anti‑dilutive events and fundamental change and redemption provisions as described in the related indentures. There are no sinking fund requirements for the notes. 2 At December 31, 2025, the conversion price for the notes was $73.61 per share of common stock. Unamortized debt costs associated with this issuance were $6 million at December 31, 2025 and $9 million at December 31, 2024. 3 At December 31, 2025, the conversion price for the notes was $90.61 per share of common stock. Unamortized debt costs associated with this issuance were $12 million at December 31, 2025. 4 These unsecured obligations rank subordinate and junior in right of payment to all of CMS Energy’s existing and future senior indebtedness. 5 On June 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 4.116 percent. 6 On December 1, 2030, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 2.900 percent. 7 On June 1, 2035, and every five years thereafter, the notes will reset to an interest rate equal to the five‑year treasury rate plus 1.961 percent. 8 Loans under this facility have an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 1.750 percent less an adjustment of 0.050 percent for green credit advances. At December 31, 2025, the weighted-average interest rate for the loans issued under this facility was 5.436 percent. 9 Loans under this facility have an interest rate of one-month Term SOFR plus 2.250 percent. At December 31, 2025, the weighted-average interest rate for the loans issued under this facility was 6.476 percent. At completion of project construction, scheduled for the first half of 2026, a portion of this financing will convert into a term loan that will mature five years after the conversion date.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2025:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated notes |  | $ | 1,000 |  | 6.500 |  | February 2025 | June 2055
Term loan credit agreement |  | 110 |  | variable | February 2025 | December 2025
Convertible senior notes |  | 1,000 |  | 3.125 |  | November 2025 | May 2031
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  |  |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  |  |  |  |
Construction financing agreement |  | $ | 223 |  | variable | February 2025 | Five years after conversion date
Total NorthStar Clean Energy |  | $ | 223 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 500 |  | 4.500 |  | May 2025 | January 2031
First mortgage bonds |  | 625 |  | 5.050 |  | May 2025 | May 2035
Total Consumers |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 3,458 |  |  |  |
Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt retirements during 2025:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Retirement Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Term loan credit agreement |  | $ | 400 |  | variable | February 2025 | September 2025
Term loan credit agreement |  | 200 |  | variable | February 2025 | December 2025
Senior notes |  | 250 |  | 3.600 |  | November 2025 | November 2025
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 850 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 850 |  |  |  |
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2025, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumers |  | 573 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 812 |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 812 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 812 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2025:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2030 1 |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring September 2026 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring May 2028 2 |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Secured letter of credit facility, expiring September 2028 3 |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Secured letter of credit facility 4 |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 7 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2030 5,6 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2028 5,6 |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Secured letter of credit facility, expiring May 2027 5 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring March 2028 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |  |  | 7 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility 7 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | 3 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility 7 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2025. 2 Obligations under this facility are secured by certain pledged equity interests in subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy; under the terms of this facility, the interests may not be sold by NorthStar Clean Energy unless there is an agreed-upon substitution for the pledged equity interests. At December 31, 2025, the net book value of the pledged equity interests was $514 million. Also under the terms of this facility, NorthStar Clean Energy may be restricted from remitting cash dividends to CMS Energy in the event of default. 3 This letter of credit facility is available to a subsidiary of Aviator Wind Equity Holdings and is secured by assets of Aviator Wind. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings and Aviator Wind, see Note 19, Variable Interest Entities. 4 The letter of credit facility is available to certain subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy. The letter of credit facility is secured under a construction-to-term financing agreement and will expire five years after the term conversion date. 5 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. 6 There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2025. 7Uncommitted letter of credit facility with automatic renewal provisions and therefore no expiration.
Schedule of Supplier Finance Program | Presented in the following table is the activity under NorthStar Clean Energy’s supplier financing program during the year ended December 31, 2025
In Millions
Year Ended December 31 | 2025 | 2024
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at beginning of period |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |
Payables confirmed |  | 158 |  |  | 22 |
Payments and other adjustments |  | (102) |  |  | — |
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at end of period |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 22 |
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of CMS Energy’s Series C preferred stock at December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Depositary Share Par Value | Depositary Share Optional Redemption Price | Number of Depositary Shares Authorized | Number of Depositary Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, redeemable perpetual |  | $ | 25 |  |  | $ | 25 |  | 9,200,000 |  | 9,200,000 |
Consumers Energy Company |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Summary of Long-Term Debt | Presented in the following table is Consumers’ long-term debt at December 31:
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2025 | 2024
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | 5.240 |  |  | 2026 |  |  | $ | 115 |  |  | $ | 115 |
|  | 3.680 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 3.390 |  |  | 2027 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 35 |
|  | 4.650 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 425 |
|  | 3.800 |  |  | 2028 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.900 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 500 |  |  | 500 |
|  | 5.070 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.600 |  |  | 2029 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 600 |
|  | 4.700 |  |  | 2030 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 700 |
|  | 4.500 |  |  | 2031 |  |  | 500 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.170 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 95 |  |  | 95 |
|  | 3.600 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 3.180 |  |  | 2032 |  |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
|  | 4.625 |  |  | 2033 |  |  | 700 |  |  | 700 |
|  | 5.050 |  |  | 2035 |  |  | 625 |  |  | — |
|  | 5.800 |  |  | 2035 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 175 |
|  | 5.380 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 140 |  |  | 140 |
|  | 3.520 |  |  | 2037 |  |  | 335 |  |  | 335 |
|  | 4.010 |  |  | 2038 |  |  | 215 |  |  | 215 |
|  | 6.170 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.970 |  |  | 2040 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.310 |  |  | 2042 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 263 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2043 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 425 |
|  | 4.100 |  |  | 2045 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | 3.250 |  |  | 2046 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.950 |  |  | 2047 |  |  | 350 |  |  | 350 |
|  | 4.050 |  |  | 2048 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2049 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.750 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 3.100 |  |  | 2050 |  |  | 550 |  |  | 550 |
|  | 3.500 |  |  | 2051 |  |  | 575 |  |  | 575 |
|  | 2.650 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 300 |  |  | 300 |
|  | 4.200 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 450 |  |  | 450 |
|  | 3.860 |  |  | 2052 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 50 |
|  | 4.280 |  |  | 2057 |  |  | 185 |  |  | 185 |
|  | 2.500 |  |  | 2060 |  |  | 525 |  |  | 525 |
|  | 4.350 |  |  | 2064 |  |  | 250 |  |  | 250 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2069 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 76 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 134 |  |  | 134 |
|  | variable | 1 | 2070 |  |  | 127 |  |  | 127 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 12,520 |  |  | $ | 11,395 |
In Millions, Except Interest Rate and Maturity
| Interest Rate (%) | Maturity |  | 2025 | 2024
Tax-exempt revenue bonds |  | 0.875 |  | 2 | 2035 |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 35 |
|  | 3.350 |  | 3 | 2049 |  |  | 75 |  |  | 75 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 110 |
2014 Securitization bonds |  | 3.528 |  | 4 | 2029 | 5 |  | $ | 81 |  |  | $ | 112 |
2023 Securitization bonds |  | 5.281 |  | 6 | 2028-2031 | 5 |  | 504 |  |  | 588 |
|  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 585 |  |  | $ | 700 |
Total principal amount outstanding |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 13,215 |  |  | $ | 12,205 |
Current amounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (573) |  |  | (452) |
Long-term debt – related parties 7 principal amount outstanding |  |  |  | 2043-2060 |  |  | (1,019) |  |  | (835) |
Unamortized discounts |  |  |  |  |  |  | (26) |  |  | (27) |
Unamortized issuance costs |  |  |  |  |  |  | (73) |  |  | (73) |
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  | $ | 11,524 |  |  | $ | 10,818 |
1 The variable-rate bonds bear interest quarterly at a rate of three‑month SOFR minus 0.038 percent, subject to a zero‑percent floor. At December 31, 2025, the interest rates were 3.685 percent for bonds due September 2069, 3.851 percent for bonds due May 2070, and 3.897 percent for bonds due October 2070. The interest rate for the variable-rate bonds at December 31, 2024 were 4.320 percent, 4.483 percent, and 4.551 percent, respectively. The holders of these variable-rate bonds may put them to Consumers for redemption on certain dates prior to their stated maturity, including dates within one year of December 31, 2025. 2 The interest rate on these tax-exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 8, 2026. 3 The interest rate on these tax‑exempt revenue bonds will reset on October 1, 2027. 4 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2014 Securitization Funding, was 3.528 percent at December 31, 2025 and 2024. 5 Principal and interest payments are made semiannually. 6 The weighted-average interest rate for Consumers’ securitization bonds issued through its subsidiary, Consumers 2023 Securitization Funding, was 5.281 percent at December 31, 2025 and 5.322 percent at December 31, 2024. 7 Long-term debt – related parties reflects Consumers’ outstanding debt held by its parent as a result of CMS Energy’s repurchase of Consumers’ first mortgage bonds. Unamortized discounts associated with the repurchase of Consumers’ first mortgage bonds were $5 million at December 31, 2025 and 2024. Unamortized issuance costs were $9 million at December 31, 2025 and $7 million at December 31, 2024.
Schedule of Major Long-Term Debt Issuances and Retirements | Presented in the following table is a summary of major long-term debt issuances during 2025:
| Principal (In Millions) | Interest Rate (%) | Issuance Date | Maturity Date
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |
Junior subordinated notes |  | $ | 1,000 |  | 6.500 |  | February 2025 | June 2055
Term loan credit agreement |  | 110 |  | variable | February 2025 | December 2025
Convertible senior notes |  | 1,000 |  | 3.125 |  | November 2025 | May 2031
Total CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 2,110 |  |  |  |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  |  |  |  |
Construction financing agreement |  | $ | 223 |  | variable | February 2025 | Five years after conversion date
Total NorthStar Clean Energy |  | $ | 223 |  |  |  |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds |  | $ | 500 |  | 4.500 |  | May 2025 | January 2031
First mortgage bonds |  | 625 |  | 5.050 |  | May 2025 | May 2035
Total Consumers |  | $ | 1,125 |  |  |  |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 3,458 |  |  |  |
Schedule of Debt Maturities | Debt Maturities: At December 31, 2025, the aggregate annual maturities for long-term debt for the next five years, based on stated maturities or earlier put dates, were:
In Millions
| 2026 | 2027 | 2028 | 2029 | 2030
CMS Energy, including Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CMS Energy, parent only |  | $ | 300 |  |  | $ | 625 |  |  | $ | 800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  | 77 |  |  | — |  |  | 235 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Consumers |  | 573 |  |  | 263 |  |  | 843 |  |  | 1,256 |  |  | 812 |
Total CMS Energy |  | $ | 950 |  |  | $ | 888 |  |  | $ | 1,878 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 812 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Long-term debt |  | $ | 573 |  |  | $ | 263 |  |  | $ | 843 |  |  | $ | 1,256 |  |  | $ | 812 |
Schedule of Revolving Credit Facilities | The following credit facilities with banks were available at December 31, 2025:
In Millions
Expiration Date | Amount of Facility | Amount Borrowed | Letters of Credit Outstanding | Amount Available
CMS Energy, parent only |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2030 1 |  | $ | 750 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | 715 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring September 2026 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | — |
NorthStar Clean Energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring May 2028 2 |  | $ | 250 |  |  | $ | 235 |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 5 |
Secured letter of credit facility, expiring September 2028 3 |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |
Secured letter of credit facility 4 |  | 19 |  |  | — |  |  | 12 |  |  | 7 |
Consumers |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2030 5,6 |  | $ | 1,100 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 1,094 |
Secured revolving credit facility, expiring November 2028 5,6 |  | 300 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 300 |
Secured letter of credit facility, expiring May 2027 5 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |
Unsecured letter of credit facility, expiring March 2028 |  | 50 |  |  | — |  |  | 43 |  |  | 7 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility 7 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 97 |  |  | 3 |
Unsecured letter of credit facility 7 |  | 100 |  |  | — |  |  | 100 |  |  | — |
1 There were no borrowings under this facility during the year ended December 31, 2025. 2 Obligations under this facility are secured by certain pledged equity interests in subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy; under the terms of this facility, the interests may not be sold by NorthStar Clean Energy unless there is an agreed-upon substitution for the pledged equity interests. At December 31, 2025, the net book value of the pledged equity interests was $514 million. Also under the terms of this facility, NorthStar Clean Energy may be restricted from remitting cash dividends to CMS Energy in the event of default. 3 This letter of credit facility is available to a subsidiary of Aviator Wind Equity Holdings and is secured by assets of Aviator Wind. For more information regarding Aviator Wind Equity Holdings and Aviator Wind, see Note 19, Variable Interest Entities. 4 The letter of credit facility is available to certain subsidiaries of NorthStar Clean Energy. The letter of credit facility is secured under a construction-to-term financing agreement and will expire five years after the term conversion date. 5 Obligations under these facilities are secured by first mortgage bonds of Consumers. 6 There were no borrowings under these facilities during the year ended December 31, 2025. 7Uncommitted letter of credit facility with automatic renewal provisions and therefore no expiration.
Schedule of Preferred Stock | Presented in the following table are details of Consumers’ preferred stock at December 31, 2025 and 2024:
| Par Value | Optional Redemption Price | Number of Shares Authorized | Number of Shares Outstanding
Cumulative, with no mandatory redemption |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 110 |  | 7,500,000 |  | 373,148 |
NorthStar Clean Energy |
Debt Instrument [Line Items] |
Schedule of Supplier Finance Program | Presented in the following table is the activity under NorthStar Clean Energy’s supplier financing program during the year ended December 31, 2025
In Millions
Year Ended December 31 | 2025 | 2024
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at beginning of period |  | $ | 22 |  |  | $ | — |
Payables confirmed |  | 158 |  |  | 22 |
Payments and other adjustments |  | (102) |  |  | — |
Balance of payables under suppler financing program at end of period |  | $ | 78 |  |  | $ | 22 |

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