v3.25.4

Income Taxes (Tables)

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2025

Income Taxes [Line Items]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Presented in the following table is the difference between actual income tax expense on continuing operations and income tax expense computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate:

In Millions, Except Tax Rate
															Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent
Years Ended December 31												2025																		2024																		2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Income from continuing operations before income taxes																					$	1,248																	$	1,123																	$	954
Income tax expense at statutory rate																					262									21.0		%							236									21.0		%							200									21.0		%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect1																					77									6.2									58									5.1									40									4.2
Tax credits
Renewable energy tax credits																					(68)									(5.4)									(71)									(6.4)									(55)									(5.8)
Other																					(6)									(0.5)									(6)									(0.5)									(7)									(0.7)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items																					3									0.2									4									0.4									3									0.3
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits																					9									0.7									2									0.2									(11)									(1.2)
Other adjustments
TCJA excess deferred taxes																					(42)									(3.4)									(43)									(3.8)									(40)									(4.2)
Deferred tax adjustment2																					—									—									(16)									(1.4)									—									—
Taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests																					15									1.2									12									1.1									17									1.8
Other, net																					(4)									(0.3)									—									—									—									—
Income tax expense																					$	246																	$	176																	$	147
Effective tax rate																														19.7		%																15.7		%																15.4		%

In Millions, Except Tax Rate
															Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent
Years Ended December 31												2025																		2024																		2023
Consumers
Income from continuing operations before income taxes																					$	1,417																	$	1,209																	$	1,028
Income tax expense at statutory rate																					298									21.0		%							254									21.0		%							216									21.0		%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect1																					80									5.7									60									5.0									47									4.6
Tax credits
Renewable energy tax credits																					(46)									(3.2)									(51)									(4.2)									(43)									(4.2)
Other																					(6)									(0.4)									(6)									(0.5)									(7)									(0.7)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items																					3									0.2									3									0.2									3									0.3
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits																					9									0.6									1									0.1									(12)									(1.2)
Other adjustments
TCJA excess deferred taxes																					(42)									(3.0)									(43)									(3.6)									(40)									(3.9)
Deferred tax adjustment2																					—									—									(16)									(1.3)									—									—
Other, net																					(8)									(0.6)									(2)									(0.2)									(3)									(0.2)
Income tax expense																					$	288																	$	200																	$	161
Effective tax rate																														20.3		%																16.5		%																15.7		%

1In June 2025, state deferred tax balances were increased by $12 million to reflect a change in Illinois tax policy that establishes nexus for Consumers. The policy change is effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2026. During 2023, CMS Energy initiated a plan to divest immaterial business activities in a non-Michigan jurisdiction and will no longer have a taxable presence within that jurisdiction. As a result of these actions, CMS Energy reversed a $13 million non-Michigan reserve, all of which was recognized at Consumers.

2During 2024, Consumers recognized a $16 million tax benefit resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with audit points for the 2018 and 2019 tax years.

Summary of Significant Components of Income Tax Expense

Presented in the following table are the significant components of income tax expense on continuing operations:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Current income taxes
Federal						$	34					$	34					$	5
State and local						9						—						1
						$	43					$	34					$	6
Deferred income taxes
Federal						107						70						107
State and local						100						76						38
						$	207					$	146					$	145
Deferred income tax credit						(4)						(4)						(4)
Tax expense						$	246					$	176					$	147
Consumers
Current income taxes
Federal						$	207					$	78					$	3
State and local						33						7						2
						$	240					$	85					$	5
Deferred income taxes
Federal						(27)						51						117
State and local						79						68						43
						$	52					$	119					$	160
Deferred income tax credit						(4)						(4)						(4)
Tax expense						$	288					$	200					$	161

Summary of Income Taxes Paid

Presented in the following table are income taxes paid:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Federal						$	28					$	27					$	15
State						1						1						—
Total						$	29					$	28					$	15
Consumers
Federal						$	189					$	57					$	23
State						21						—						8
Total						$	210					$	57					$	31

Summary of Principal Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

Presented in the following table are the principal components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) recognized:

In Millions
December 31			2025						2024
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Deferred income tax assets
Net regulatory tax liability						$	294					$	307
Tax loss and credit carryforwards						139						258
Reserves and accruals						16						27
Total deferred income tax assets						$	449					$	592
Valuation allowance						(2)						(1)
Total deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance						$	447					$	591
Deferred income tax liabilities
Plant, property, and equipment						$	(2,833)					$	(2,682)
Employee benefits						(558)						(507)
Gas inventory						(24)						(38)
Securitized costs						(137)						(167)
Other						(147)						(122)
Total deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,699)					$	(3,516)
Total net deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,252)					$	(2,925)
Consumers
Deferred income tax assets
Net regulatory tax liability						$	294					$	307
Tax loss and credit carryforwards						18						37
Reserves and accruals						13						24
Total deferred income tax assets						$	325					$	368
Deferred income tax liabilities
Plant, property, and equipment						$	(2,808)					$	(2,658)
Employee benefits						(534)						(489)
Gas inventory						(24)						(38)
Securitized costs						(137)						(167)
Other						(23)						(69)
Total deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,526)					$	(3,421)
Total net deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,201)					$	(3,053)

Summary of Loss And Credit Carryforwards

Presented in the following table are the tax loss and credit carryforwards at December 31, 2025:

In Millions
						Tax Attribute						Expiration
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Michigan net operating loss carryforwards												$	15		2030 – 2033
Arkansas net operating loss carryforwards												2			2033 - 2035
Local net operating loss carryforwards												2			2025 – 2040
General business credits1												120			2038 – 2045
Total tax attributes												$	139
Consumers
Michigan net operating loss carryforwards												$	10		2030 – 2033
General business credits1												8			2038 – 2045
Total tax attributes												$	18

1General business credits comprise research and development tax credits and renewable energy tax credits that are not expected to be transferred to third parties.

Schedule of Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Benefits

Presented in the following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax benefits:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Balance at beginning of period						$	24					$	26					$	28
Additions for current-year tax positions						2						1						1
Additions for prior-year tax positions						7						2						—
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations						(4)						(5)						(3)
Balance at end of period						$	29					$	24					$	26
Consumers
Balance at beginning of period						$	32					$	36					$	36
Additions for current-year tax positions						1						6						1
Additions for prior-year tax positions						7						1						2
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations						(4)						(11)						(3)
Balance at end of period						$	36					$	32					$	36

Consumers Energy Company

Income Taxes [Line Items]

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

Presented in the following table is the difference between actual income tax expense on continuing operations and income tax expense computed by applying the statutory U.S. federal income tax rate:

In Millions, Except Tax Rate
															Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent
Years Ended December 31												2025																		2024																		2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Income from continuing operations before income taxes																					$	1,248																	$	1,123																	$	954
Income tax expense at statutory rate																					262									21.0		%							236									21.0		%							200									21.0		%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect1																					77									6.2									58									5.1									40									4.2
Tax credits
Renewable energy tax credits																					(68)									(5.4)									(71)									(6.4)									(55)									(5.8)
Other																					(6)									(0.5)									(6)									(0.5)									(7)									(0.7)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items																					3									0.2									4									0.4									3									0.3
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits																					9									0.7									2									0.2									(11)									(1.2)
Other adjustments
TCJA excess deferred taxes																					(42)									(3.4)									(43)									(3.8)									(40)									(4.2)
Deferred tax adjustment2																					—									—									(16)									(1.4)									—									—
Taxes attributable to noncontrolling interests																					15									1.2									12									1.1									17									1.8
Other, net																					(4)									(0.3)									—									—									—									—
Income tax expense																					$	246																	$	176																	$	147
Effective tax rate																														19.7		%																15.7		%																15.4		%

In Millions, Except Tax Rate
															Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent									Amount									Percent
Years Ended December 31												2025																		2024																		2023
Consumers
Income from continuing operations before income taxes																					$	1,417																	$	1,209																	$	1,028
Income tax expense at statutory rate																					298									21.0		%							254									21.0		%							216									21.0		%
Increase (decrease) in income taxes from:
State and local income taxes, net of federal income tax effect1																					80									5.7									60									5.0									47									4.6
Tax credits
Renewable energy tax credits																					(46)									(3.2)									(51)									(4.2)									(43)									(4.2)
Other																					(6)									(0.4)									(6)									(0.5)									(7)									(0.7)
Nontaxable or nondeductible items																					3									0.2									3									0.2									3									0.3
Changes in unrecognized tax benefits																					9									0.6									1									0.1									(12)									(1.2)
Other adjustments
TCJA excess deferred taxes																					(42)									(3.0)									(43)									(3.6)									(40)									(3.9)
Deferred tax adjustment2																					—									—									(16)									(1.3)									—									—
Other, net																					(8)									(0.6)									(2)									(0.2)									(3)									(0.2)
Income tax expense																					$	288																	$	200																	$	161
Effective tax rate																														20.3		%																16.5		%																15.7		%

1In June 2025, state deferred tax balances were increased by $12 million to reflect a change in Illinois tax policy that establishes nexus for Consumers. The policy change is effective for tax years beginning January 1, 2026. During 2023, CMS Energy initiated a plan to divest immaterial business activities in a non-Michigan jurisdiction and will no longer have a taxable presence within that jurisdiction. As a result of these actions, CMS Energy reversed a $13 million non-Michigan reserve, all of which was recognized at Consumers.

2During 2024, Consumers recognized a $16 million tax benefit resulting from the expiration of the statute of limitations associated with audit points for the 2018 and 2019 tax years.

Summary of Significant Components of Income Tax Expense

Presented in the following table are the significant components of income tax expense on continuing operations:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Current income taxes
Federal						$	34					$	34					$	5
State and local						9						—						1
						$	43					$	34					$	6
Deferred income taxes
Federal						107						70						107
State and local						100						76						38
						$	207					$	146					$	145
Deferred income tax credit						(4)						(4)						(4)
Tax expense						$	246					$	176					$	147
Consumers
Current income taxes
Federal						$	207					$	78					$	3
State and local						33						7						2
						$	240					$	85					$	5
Deferred income taxes
Federal						(27)						51						117
State and local						79						68						43
						$	52					$	119					$	160
Deferred income tax credit						(4)						(4)						(4)
Tax expense						$	288					$	200					$	161

Summary of Income Taxes Paid

Presented in the following table are income taxes paid:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Federal						$	28					$	27					$	15
State						1						1						—
Total						$	29					$	28					$	15
Consumers
Federal						$	189					$	57					$	23
State						21						—						8
Total						$	210					$	57					$	31

Summary of Principal Components of Deferred Income Tax Assets and Liabilities

Presented in the following table are the principal components of deferred income tax assets (liabilities) recognized:

In Millions
December 31			2025						2024
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Deferred income tax assets
Net regulatory tax liability						$	294					$	307
Tax loss and credit carryforwards						139						258
Reserves and accruals						16						27
Total deferred income tax assets						$	449					$	592
Valuation allowance						(2)						(1)
Total deferred income tax assets, net of valuation allowance						$	447					$	591
Deferred income tax liabilities
Plant, property, and equipment						$	(2,833)					$	(2,682)
Employee benefits						(558)						(507)
Gas inventory						(24)						(38)
Securitized costs						(137)						(167)
Other						(147)						(122)
Total deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,699)					$	(3,516)
Total net deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,252)					$	(2,925)
Consumers
Deferred income tax assets
Net regulatory tax liability						$	294					$	307
Tax loss and credit carryforwards						18						37
Reserves and accruals						13						24
Total deferred income tax assets						$	325					$	368
Deferred income tax liabilities
Plant, property, and equipment						$	(2,808)					$	(2,658)
Employee benefits						(534)						(489)
Gas inventory						(24)						(38)
Securitized costs						(137)						(167)
Other						(23)						(69)
Total deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,526)					$	(3,421)
Total net deferred income tax liabilities						$	(3,201)					$	(3,053)

Summary of Loss And Credit Carryforwards

Presented in the following table are the tax loss and credit carryforwards at December 31, 2025:

In Millions
						Tax Attribute						Expiration
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Michigan net operating loss carryforwards												$	15		2030 – 2033
Arkansas net operating loss carryforwards												2			2033 - 2035
Local net operating loss carryforwards												2			2025 – 2040
General business credits1												120			2038 – 2045
Total tax attributes												$	139
Consumers
Michigan net operating loss carryforwards												$	10		2030 – 2033
General business credits1												8			2038 – 2045
Total tax attributes												$	18

1General business credits comprise research and development tax credits and renewable energy tax credits that are not expected to be transferred to third parties.

Schedule of Reconciliation of Uncertain Tax Benefits

Presented in the following table is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of uncertain tax benefits:

In Millions
Years Ended December 31			2025						2024						2023
CMS Energy, including Consumers
Balance at beginning of period						$	24					$	26					$	28
Additions for current-year tax positions						2						1						1
Additions for prior-year tax positions						7						2						—
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations						(4)						(5)						(3)
Balance at end of period						$	29					$	24					$	26
Consumers
Balance at beginning of period						$	32					$	36					$	36
Additions for current-year tax positions						1						6						1
Additions for prior-year tax positions						7						1						2
Reductions for lapse of statute of limitations						(4)						(11)						(3)
Balance at end of period						$	36					$	32					$	36

X

- Definition

Income Taxes [Line Items]

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	cms_IncomeTaxesLineItems
Namespace Prefix:	cms_
Data Type:	xbrli:stringItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of (1) pertinent information, such as tax authority, amounts, and expiration dates, of net operating loss carryforwards, including an assessment of the likelihood of utilization and (2) tax credit carryforwards available to reduce future taxable income, including amounts, expiration dates, limitations on use and the related deferred tax assets and valuation allowances.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	cms_SummaryOfOperatingLossAndTaxCreditCarryforwardsTableTextBlockTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	cms_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of supplemental cash flow information for the periods presented.

+ References

No definition available.

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfCashFlowSupplementalDisclosuresTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the components of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for each year presented including, but not limited to: current tax expense (benefit), deferred tax expense (benefit), investment tax credits, government grants, the benefits of operating loss carryforwards, tax expense that results from allocating certain tax benefits either directly to contributed capital or to reduce goodwill or other noncurrent intangible assets of an acquired entity, adjustments of a deferred tax liability or asset for enacted changes in tax laws or rates or a change in the tax status of the entity, and adjustments of the beginning-of-the-year balances of a valuation allowance because of a change in circumstances that causes a change in judgment about the realizability of the related deferred tax asset in future years.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 9
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-9

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfComponentsOfIncomeTaxExpenseBenefitTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the components of net deferred tax asset or liability recognized in an entity's statement of financial position, including the following: the total of all deferred tax liabilities, the total of all deferred tax assets, the total valuation allowance recognized for deferred tax assets.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 2
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-2

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfDeferredTaxAssetsAndLiabilitiesTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the reconciliation using percentage or dollar amounts of the reported amount of income tax expense attributable to continuing operations for the year to the amount of income tax expense that would result from applying domestic federal statutory tax rates to pretax income from continuing operations.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 231
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-231

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12A
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12A

Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2009/role/commonPracticeRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 12
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-12

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfEffectiveIncomeTaxRateReconciliationTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Definition

Tabular disclosure of the change in unrecognized tax benefits.

+ References

Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/exampleRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 55
-Paragraph 217
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482663/740-10-55-217

Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef
-Topic 740
-SubTopic 10
-Name Accounting Standards Codification
-Section 50
-Paragraph 15A
-Subparagraph (a)
-Publisher FASB
-URI https://asc.fasb.org/1943274/2147482685/740-10-50-15A

+ Details

Name:	us-gaap_ScheduleOfUnrecognizedTaxBenefitsRollForwardTableTextBlock
Namespace Prefix:	us-gaap_
Data Type:	dtr-types:textBlockItemType
Balance Type:	na
Period Type:	duration

X

- Details

Name:	dei_LegalEntityAxis=cms_ConsumersEnergyCompanyMember
Namespace Prefix:
Data Type:	na
Balance Type:
Period Type: