12. Income Taxes

The consolidated income tax provision includes taxes attributable to the controlling interest and, to a lesser extent, taxes attributable to non-controlling interests as follows:

	For the Three Months Ended March 31,

	2012			2013
Controlling Interests:
Current tax	$	8.0		$	21.2
Intangible related deferred taxes		9.9			12.0
Other deferred taxes		2.9			0.9

Total controlling interests		20.8			34.1

Non-controlling Interests:
Current tax	$	3.2		$	3.6
Deferred taxes		0.6			(0.2	)

Total non-controlling interests		3.8			3.4

Provision for income taxes	$	24.6		$	37.5

Income before income taxes (controlling interest)	$	58.2		$	96.5

Effective tax rate attributable to controlling interests⁽¹⁾		35.7	%		35.3	%

(1): Taxes attributable to the controlling interest divided by Income before income taxes (controlling interest).

The components of deferred tax assets and liabilities are as follows:

	December 31, 2012			March 31, 2013

Deferred Tax Assets
State net operating loss carryforwards	$	23.9		$	24.6
Deferred compensation		23.9			24.8
Foreign tax credit carryforwards		20.1			15.9
Tax benefit of uncertain tax positions		17.6			17.1
Accrued expenses		6.0			9.1
Capital loss carryforwards		1.5			1.5

Total deferred tax assets		93.0			93.0
Valuation allowance		(21.3	)		(22.2	)

Deferred tax assets, net of valuation allowance		71.7			70.8

Deferred Tax Liabilities
Intangible asset amortization	$	(238.2	)	$	(246.8	)
Convertible securities interest		(189.2	)		(193.8	)
Non-deductible intangible amortization		(120.1	)		(113.4	)
Deferred revenue		(18.5	)		(17.5	)
Other		(2.8	)		(2.9	)

Total deferred tax liabilities		(568.8	)		(574.4	)

Net deferred tax liability	$	(497.1	)	$	(503.6	)

Deferred tax liabilities are primarily the result of tax deductions for the Company's intangible assets and convertible securities. The Company amortizes most of its intangible assets for tax purposes only, reducing its tax basis below its carrying value for financial statement purposes and generating deferred taxes each reporting period. The Company's 2008 senior convertible notes and junior convertible trust preferred securities also generate deferred taxes because the Company's tax deductions are higher than the interest expense recorded for financial statement purposes.

At March 31, 2013, the Company has state net operating loss carryforwards that expire over a 15-year period beginning in 2013. The Company also has foreign tax credit carryforwards that expire over a 10-year period beginning in 2013. The valuation allowances at December 31, 2012 and March 31, 2013 were principally related to the Company's projections of taxable income prior to the expiration of these state and federal carryforwards.

As of March 31, 2013, the Company carried a liability for uncertain tax positions of $21.9 million, including $2.2 million for interest and related charges. At March 31, 2013 this liability also included $18.7 million for tax positions that, if recognized, would affect the Company's effective tax rate.

The Company periodically has tax examinations in the United States and foreign jurisdictions. Examination outcomes, and any related settlements, are subject to significant uncertainty. The completion of examinations may result in the payment of additional taxes and/or the recognition of tax benefits.