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Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies (Policies)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2024
Accounting Policies [Abstract]  
Basis of Presentation Basis of Presentation and Use of Estimates
The Consolidated Financial Statements of the Company have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles
generally accepted in the U.S. (“GAAP”).  All dollar amounts, except per share, per unit, and per option data in the text and
tables herein, are stated in millions unless otherwise indicated.  All intercompany balances and transactions have been
eliminated.
Reclassifications Certain reclassifications have been made to the prior period’s financial statements to conform to the current period’s presentation.
Use of Estimates The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions
that affect the reported amounts and disclosures in the financial statements.  Actual results could differ from those estimates.
Principles of Consolidation Principles of Consolidation
In evaluating whether an investment must be consolidated, the Company evaluates the risk, rewards, and significant terms
of each of its Affiliates and other investments to determine if an investment is considered a voting rights entity (“VRE”) or a
variable interest entity (“VIE”).  An entity is a VRE when the total equity investment at risk is sufficient to enable the entity to
finance its activities independently, and when the equity holders have the obligation to absorb losses, the right to receive
residual returns, and the right to direct the activities of the entity that most significantly impact its economic performance.  An
entity is a VIE when it lacks one or more of the characteristics of a VRE, which, for the Company, are Affiliate investments
structured as partnerships (or similar entities) where the Company is a limited partner and lacks substantive kick-out or
substantive participation rights over the general partner.  Assessing whether an entity is a VRE or VIE involves judgment. 
Upon the occurrence of certain events, management reviews and reconsiders its previous conclusion regarding the status of an
entity as a VRE or a VIE.
The Company consolidates VREs when it has control over significant operating, financial, and investing decisions of the
entity.  When the Company lacks such control, but is deemed to have significant influence, the Company accounts for the VRE
under the equity method.  Investments with readily determinable fair values in which the Company does not have rights to
exercise significant influence are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with changes in fair value included
in Investment and other income on the Consolidated Statements of Income.
The Company consolidates VIEs when it is the primary beneficiary of the entity, which is defined as having the power to
direct the activities that most significantly impact the VIE’s economic performance and the obligation to absorb losses of, or the
right to receive benefits from, the entity that could potentially be significant to the VIE.  Substantially all of the Company’s
consolidated Affiliates considered VIEs are controlled because the Company holds a majority of the voting interests or it is the
managing member or general partner.  Furthermore, an Affiliate’s assets can be used for purposes other than the settlement of
the respective Affiliate’s obligations.  The Company applies the equity method of accounting to VIEs where the Company is
not the primary beneficiary, but has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial matters of the VIE. 
See Note 4.
Investments in Affiliates
Substantially all of the Company’s Affiliates are considered VIEs and are either consolidated or accounted for under the
equity method.  A limited number of the Company’s Affiliates are considered VREs and most of these are accounted for under
the equity method.
When an Affiliate is consolidated, the portion of the earnings attributable to Affiliate management’s and any co-investor’s
equity ownership is included in Net income (non-controlling interests) in the Consolidated Statements of Income. 
Undistributed earnings attributable to Affiliate management’s and any co-investor’s equity ownership, along with their share of
any tangible or intangible net assets, are included in Non-controlling interests on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Affiliate
equity interests where the holder has certain rights to demand settlement are presented, at their current redemption values, as
Redeemable non-controlling interests or Other liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The Company periodically
issues, sells, and purchases the equity of its consolidated Affiliates.  Because these transactions take place between entities
under common control, any gains or losses attributable to these transactions are required to be included in Additional paid-in
capital on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of any related income tax effects in the period the transaction occurs.
When an Affiliate is accounted for under the equity method, the Company’s share of an Affiliate’s earnings or losses, net
of amortization and impairments, is included in Equity method income (net) in the Consolidated Statements of Income and the
carrying value of the Affiliate is recorded in Equity method investments in Affiliates (net) in the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The Company periodically performs assessments to determine if the fair value of an investment may have declined below
its related carrying value for its Affiliates accounted for under the equity method for a period that the Company considers to be
other-than-temporary.  The Company performs these assessments if certain triggering events occur or annually during the
fourth quarter.  The Company first considers whether certain qualitative factors indicate an increased likelihood of a decline in
the fair value of an Affiliate during the reporting period.  If such a decline is identified, and it is likely that an investment’s fair
value may have declined below its carrying value, the Company performs a quantitative assessment to determine if an
impairment exists.  Impairments are recorded as an expense in Equity method income (net) to reduce the carrying value of the
Affiliate to its fair value.
Affiliate Sponsored Investment Products
The Company’s Affiliates sponsor various investment products where the Affiliate also acts as the investment adviser. 
These investment products are typically owned primarily by third-party investors; however, certain products are funded with
general partner and seed capital investments from the Company and its Affiliates.
Third-party investors in Affiliate sponsored investment products are generally entitled to substantially all of the economics
of these products, except for the asset- and performance-based fees earned by the Company’s Affiliates or any gains or losses
attributable to the Company’s or its Affiliates’ investments in these products.  As a result, the Company generally does not
consolidate these products.  However, for certain products, the Company’s consolidated Affiliates, as the investment manager,
have the power to direct the activities of the investment product and have an exposure to the economics of the product that is
more than insignificant, though generally only for a short period while the product is established and has yet to attract
significant third-party investors.  When the products are consolidated, the Company retains the specialized investment company
accounting principles of the underlying products, and all of the underlying investments are carried at fair value in Investments
on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, with corresponding changes in the investments’ fair values included in Investment and
other income.  Purchases and sales of securities are included in purchases and sales by consolidated Affiliate sponsored
investment products in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, respectively, and the third-party investors’ interests are
recorded in Redeemable non-controlling interests.  When the Company or its consolidated Affiliates no longer control these
products, due to a reduction in ownership or other reasons, the products are deconsolidated with only the Company’s or its
consolidated Affiliate’s investment in the product reported from the date of deconsolidation.
Cash and Cash Equivalents Cash and Cash Equivalents
The Company considers certain highly liquid investments, including money market mutual funds, with original maturities
of three months or less to be cash equivalents.  Cash equivalents are stated at cost, which approximates market value due to the
short-term maturity of these investments.  Money market mutual funds with a floating net asset value (“NAV”) would not meet
the definition of a cash equivalent if the fund has enacted liquidity fees or redemption gates.
Receivables Receivables
The Company’s Affiliates earn asset- and performance-based fees, which are billed based on the terms of the related
contracts.  Billed but uncollected asset- and performance-based fees are recorded in Receivables on the Consolidated Balance
Sheets and are generally short-term in nature.
Certain of the Company’s Affiliates in the UK act as intermediaries between clients and their sponsored investment
products.  Normal settlement periods on transactions initiated by these clients with the sponsored investment products result in
unsettled fund share receivables and payables that are presented on a gross basis within Receivables and Payables and accrued
liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  The gross presentation of these receivables and offsetting payables reflects the
legal relationship between the underlying investor, the Company’s Affiliates, and the sponsored investment products.
Investments Investments
Investments in marketable securities
Equity securities
Equity securities are measured at fair value which reflects the cost of the investment as well as unrealized gains and losses
which are recorded in Investment and other income.  Realized gains and losses on equity securities are recorded in Investment
and other income on the trade date on a specific identification basis, except for consolidated Affiliate sponsored investment
products which use an average cost basis.
Debt securities
Investments in debt securities are classified as either trading, available-for-sale, or held-to-maturity based on the
Company’s intent and ability to hold the security to maturity.  Securities classified as trading are measured at fair value which
reflects the cost of the investment as well as unrealized gains and losses which are recorded in Investment and other income. 
Securities classified as available-for-sale are measured at fair value which reflects amortized cost of the investment as well as
unrealized gains and losses which are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss as a separate component of
stockholders’ equity on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Securities classified as held-to-maturity are measured at amortized
cost.  Realized gains and losses on debt securities are recorded in Investment and other income.
Other investments
Investments Measured at NAV as a Practical Expedient
The Company’s Affiliates sponsor funds in which the Company and its Affiliates may make general partner and seed
capital investments.  These funds generally operate in partnership form and apply the specialized fair value accounting for
investment companies.  Because the funds’ investments do not have readily determinable fair values, the Company uses the
NAV of these investments as a practical expedient for their fair values. 
Investments Without Readily Determinable Fair Values
When an investment does not have a readily determinable fair value and does not qualify for the practical expedient to
estimate fair value, such as an investment in a private corporation where the Company does not exercise significant influence,
the Company generally elects to measure such investments at cost minus impairments, if any, plus or minus changes resulting
from observable price changes in orderly transactions for identical or similar investments.
Realized and unrealized gains and losses related to other investments are recorded in Investment and other income.
Fair Value Measurements Fair Value Measurements
The Company determines the fair value of certain investment securities and other financial and non-financial assets and
liabilities.  Fair value is determined based on the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an
orderly transaction between market participants in the principal or most advantageous market at the measurement date, utilizing
a hierarchy of three different valuation techniques:
Level 1 - Unadjusted quoted market prices for identical instruments in active markets;
Level 2 - Quoted prices for similar instruments in active markets; quoted prices for identical or similar instruments in
markets that are not active; and model-derived valuations whose inputs, or significant value drivers, are observable; and
Level 3 - Prices that reflect the Company’s own assumptions concerning unobservable inputs to the valuation model.  In
these valuation models, the Company is required to make judgments about growth rates of assets under management, client
attrition, asset- and performance-based fee rates, and expenses.  These valuation models also require judgments about tax
benefits, credit risk, interest rates, tax rates, discount rates, volatility, and discounts for lack of marketability.  These inputs
require significant management judgment and reflect the Company’s assumptions that the Company believes market
participants would use in pricing the asset or liability.
Acquired Client Relationships and Goodwill Acquired Client Relationships and Goodwill
Each Affiliate in which the Company makes an investment has identifiable assets arising from contractual or other legal
rights with their clients (“acquired client relationships”).  In determining the value of acquired client relationships, the Company
analyzes the net present value of these Affiliates’ existing client relationships based on a number of factors, including: the
Affiliate’s historical and potential future operating performance; the Affiliate’s historical and potential future rates of attrition
of existing clients; the stability and longevity of existing client relationships; the Affiliate’s recent, as well as long-term,
investment performance; the characteristics of the firm’s products and investment styles; the stability and depth of the
Affiliate’s management team; and the Affiliate’s history and perceived franchise or brand value.
The Company has determined that certain of its acquired client relationships meet the criteria to be considered indefinite-
lived assets because the Company expects the contracts to be renewed annually and, therefore, the cash flows generated by
these contracts to continue indefinitely.  Accordingly, the Company does not amortize these intangible assets, but instead
assesses these assets annually or more frequently whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that the recorded
indefinite-lived acquired client relationship may be impaired.  Each reporting period, the Company assesses whether events or
circumstances have occurred that indicate that the indefinite life criteria are no longer met.
The Company has determined that certain of its acquired client relationships meet the criteria to be considered definite-
lived assets, including investment advisory contracts between its Affiliates and their underlying investors, and are amortized
over their expected period of economic benefit.  The expected period of economic benefit of definite-lived acquired client
relationships is a judgment based on the historical and projected attrition rates of each Affiliate’s existing clients, and other
factors that may influence the expected future economic benefit the Company will derive from these relationships.  The
expected lives of definite-lived acquired client relationships are analyzed annually or more frequently whenever events or
circumstances have occurred that indicate the expected period of economic benefit may no longer be appropriate.
The Company assesses for the possible impairment of indefinite- and definite-lived acquired client relationships annually
or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the asset may not be
recoverable.  If such indicators exist, the Company considers various qualitative and quantitative factors (including market
multiples) to determine if the fair value of each asset is greater than its carrying value.  If the carrying value is greater than the
fair value, an expense would be recorded in Intangible amortization and impairments in the Consolidated Statements of Income
to reduce the carrying value of the asset to fair value.
Goodwill represents the future economic benefits arising from assets acquired in a business combination that are not
separately recognized.  Goodwill is not amortized, but is instead reviewed for impairment.  The Company performs an
impairment assessment annually or more frequently whenever events or circumstances occur indicating that the carrying value
of its single reporting unit is in excess of its fair value.  In this assessment, the Company typically measures the fair value of its
reporting unit using various qualitative and quantitative factors (including the Company’s market capitalization and market
multiples for asset management businesses).  If a potential impairment is more-likely-than-not, then the Company will perform
a single step assessment with any excess of carrying value over fair value recorded as an expense in Intangible amortization and
impairments.
Fixed Assets Fixed Assets
Fixed assets are recorded at cost and depreciated using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives.  The
estimated useful lives of office equipment and furniture and fixtures range from two years to ten years and three years to ten
years, respectively.  Computer software developed or obtained for internal use is amortized over the estimated useful life of the
software, generally two years to five years.  Leasehold improvements are amortized over the shorter of their estimated useful
lives or the term of the lease.  Buildings are amortized over their expected useful lives, generally not to exceed 39 years.  The
costs of improvements that extend the life of a fixed asset are capitalized, while the cost of repairs and maintenance are
expensed as incurred.  Land and artwork are not depreciated; artwork is included in Other assets on the Consolidated Balance
Sheets.
Leases Leases
Leases are classified as either operating leases or finance leases.  The Company and its Affiliates currently lease office
space and equipment primarily under operating lease arrangements.  As these leases expire, it is expected that, in the normal
course of business, they will be renewed or replaced.  Whether a lease is classified as an operating lease or a finance lease, the
Company and its Affiliates must record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability at the commencement date of the lease, other
than for leases with an initial term of 12 months or less.  As permitted under Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2016-02
Leases (and related ASUs), the Company and its Affiliates elect not to record short-term leases with an initial lease term less
than 12 months on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.  Right-of-use assets and lease liabilities are included in Other assets and
Other liabilities, respectively.  A lease liability is initially and subsequently reported at the present value of the outstanding
lease payments determined by discounting those lease payments over the remaining lease term using the incremental borrowing
rate of the legal entity entering into the lease as of the commencement date.  A right-of-use asset is initially reported at the
present value of the corresponding lease liability plus any prepaid lease payments and initial direct costs of entering into the
lease, and reduced by any lease incentives.  Subsequently, a right-of-use asset is reported at the present value of the lease
liability adjusted for any prepaid or accrued lease payments, remaining balances of any lease incentives received, unamortized
initial direct costs of entering into the lease, and any impairments of the right-of-use asset.  The Company and its Affiliates test
for possible impairments of right-of-use assets annually or more frequently whenever events or changes in circumstances
indicate that the carrying value of a right-of-use asset may exceed its fair value.  If the carrying value of the right-of-use asset
exceeds its fair value, then the carrying value of the right-of-use asset is reduced to its fair value and the expense is recorded in
Other expenses (net) in the Consolidated Statements of Income.  Subsequent to an impairment, the carrying value of the right-
of-use asset is amortized on a straight-line basis over the remaining lease term.
Lease liabilities and right-of-use assets based on variable lease payments that depend on an index or rate are initially
measured using the index or rate at the commencement date with any subsequent changes in variable lease payments recorded
in Other expenses (net) as incurred.  Most lease agreements for office space that are classified as operating leases contain
renewal options, rent escalation clauses, or other lease incentives provided by the lessor.  Lease expense is accrued to recognize
lease escalation provisions and renewal options that are reasonably certain to be exercised, as well as lease incentives provided
by the lessor, on a straight-line basis over the lease term and is recorded in Other expenses (net).  If a right-of-use asset is
impaired, the lease expense is subsequently recorded in Other expenses (net) as the straight-line amortization of the right-of-use
asset and the accretion of the lease liability, thereby transitioning to a front-loaded expense recognition profile for the associated
lease.
The Company and its Affiliates combine lease and non-lease components for their office space leases and separate non-
lease components for their equipment leases in calculating their lease liabilities.  Sublease income is recorded in Investment and
other income.
Debt Debt
The Company’s debt instruments are carried at amortized cost.  Unamortized discounts and debt issuance costs associated
with its debt instruments, with the exception of the Company’s senior unsecured multicurrency revolving credit facility (the
“revolver”), are presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as an adjustment to the carrying value of the associated debt. 
The carrying value of the debt is accreted to the principal amount at maturity over the remaining life of the underlying debt. 
The accretion of the debt and the amortization of debt issuance costs, are recorded in Interest expense in the Consolidated
Statements of Income, using the effective interest method.
Unamortized issuance costs associated with the revolver are recorded in Other assets and amortized over the remaining
term of the revolver to Interest expense.
Gains and losses on repurchases or settlement of debt are recorded in Interest expense.
Derivative Financial Instruments Derivative Financial Instruments
The Company and its Affiliates may use derivative financial instruments to offset exposure to changes in interest rates,
foreign currency exchange rates, and markets.  The Company records derivatives on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at fair
value.  The Company assesses hedge effectiveness at derivative inception and on a quarterly basis.  Changes in fair value of a
hedging instrument that are excluded from the assessment of hedge effectiveness, also known as excluded components, are
recorded in earnings on a straight-line basis over the respective period of the contracts.
For derivative financial instruments designated as cash flow hedges, the Company uses a qualitative method of assessing
hedge effectiveness by comparing the notional amounts, timing of payments, currencies (for forward foreign currency
contracts), and interest rates (for interest rate swaps).  The effective portion of the unrealized gain or loss is recorded in Other
comprehensive income (loss), net of tax as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and reclassified to earnings with the
hedged item.  If the qualitative assessment indicates ineffectiveness, then the Company performs a quantitative assessment
which is generally measured by comparing the present value of the cumulative change in the expected future cash flows of the
hedged contract with the present value of the cumulative change in the expected future cash flows of the hedged item.  Upon
termination of these instruments or the repayment of the Company’s outstanding Secured Overnight Financing Rate (“SOFR”)-
based borrowings, any gain or loss recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified into earnings. 
Changes in the fair values of cash flow hedges are recorded in Change in net realized and unrealized gain (loss) on derivative
financial instruments in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income. 
For net investment hedges, hedge effectiveness is measured using the spot rate method.  The effective portion of the
unrealized gain or loss is recorded in Other comprehensive income (loss) as a separate component of stockholders’ equity and
reclassified to earnings with the hedged item.  Changes in the fair values of the effective net investment hedges are recorded in
Foreign currency translation gain (loss) in the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income.  Upon the sale or liquidation
of the underlying investment, any gain or loss remaining in Accumulated other comprehensive loss will be reclassified to
earnings. 
If the Company’s or its Affiliates’ derivative financial instruments do not qualify as effective hedges, changes in the fair
value of the derivatives are recorded as a gain or loss in Investment and other income.
Revenue Recognition Revenue Recognition
Consolidated revenue primarily represents asset- and performance-based fees earned by the Company and its consolidated
Affiliates for managing the assets of clients.  Substantially all of the Company’s and its Affiliates’ contracts contain a single
performance obligation, which is the provision of investment management services.  Investment management, broker-dealer,
and administrative services are performed and consumed simultaneously and, therefore, the Company recognizes these asset-
based fees ratably over time.  Substantially all the Company’s asset-based fees for services are based on the value of client
assets over time, which are typically determined using observable market data, or on committed capital.  Services may be
invoiced in advance or in arrears and are payable upon receipt.  Any asset-based fees collected in advance are deferred and
recognized as the services are performed and consumed.  Consolidated revenue recognized by the Company is adjusted for any
expense reimbursement arrangements.  The Company’s Affiliates may periodically either waive or reduce fees in order to
attract or retain client assets or for other reasons.  Fee waivers or reductions are presented as a reduction to Consolidated
revenue in the Consolidated Statements of Income.
Performance-based fees, including carried interests, are recognized upon the satisfaction of performance obligations, the
resolution of any constraints, which include exceeding performance benchmarks or hurdle rates that may extend over one or
more reporting periods, and when it is improbable that there will be a significant reversal in the amount of revenue recognized. 
As a result, any performance-based fees or carried interest recognized in the current reporting period may relate to performance
obligations satisfied in a previous reporting period.  
The Company and its Affiliates have contractual arrangements with third-parties to provide distribution-related services. 
Fees received and expenses incurred under these arrangements are primarily based on the value of client assets over time. 
Distribution-related fees are recorded in Consolidated revenue gross of any related expenses when the Company and its
consolidated Affiliates are the principal in their role as primary obligor under their distribution-related services arrangements. 
Distribution-related expenses are recorded in Selling, general and administrative expenses in the Consolidated Statements of
Income.
The Company and its Affiliates may enter into contracts for which the costs to obtain or fulfill the contract are based upon
a percentage of the value of a client’s future assets under management.  The Company records these variable costs when
incurred because they are subject to market volatility and are not estimable upon the inception of a contract with a client.  Any
expenses paid in advance are capitalized and amortized on a systematic basis, consistent with the transfer of services, which is
the equivalent of recognizing the costs as incurred.
Contingent Payment Obligations Contingent Payment Obligations
The Company periodically enters into contingent payment obligations in connection with its investments in Affiliates.  In
these obligations, the Company agrees to pay additional consideration to the sellers to the extent that certain specified financial
targets are achieved.  For consolidated Affiliates, the Company estimates the fair value of these potential future obligations at
the time the investment in an Affiliate is consummated and records a liability in Other liabilities.  The Company then accretes
the obligation to its expected payment amount over the period until the arrangement is measured.  If the Company’s expected
payment amount subsequently changes, the obligation is reduced or increased in the current period resulting in a gain or loss,
respectively.  Gains and losses resulting from changes to expected payments are included in Other expenses (net) and the
accretion of these obligations to their expected payment amounts are included in Interest expense.  For Affiliates accounted for
under the equity method, the Company records a liability in Other liabilities when a payment becomes probable, with a
corresponding increase to the carrying value of the Affiliate in Equity method investments in Affiliates (net).
Income Taxes Income Taxes
The Company accounts for income taxes using the asset and liability method, which requires the recognition of deferred
tax assets and liabilities for the expected future tax consequences of differences between the financial reporting bases of assets
and liabilities and their respective tax bases, using tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to
reverse.  The effect on deferred tax assets and liabilities of a change in tax rates is recorded in Income tax expense in the
period when the change is enacted.
The Company regularly assesses the recoverability of its deferred tax assets to determine whether these assets are more-
likely-than-not to be realized.  In making such a determination, the Company considers all available positive and negative
evidence, including future reversals of existing taxable temporary differences, projected future taxable income, tax planning
strategies, and results of recent operations.  If the Company determines it would not be able to realize its deferred tax assets, it
records a valuation allowance to reflect the deferred tax assets at their current value.  The recording of adjustments to the
valuation allowance will generally increase or decrease Income tax expense.
The Company records unrecognized tax benefits based on whether it is more-likely-than-not that the uncertain tax positions
will be sustained on the basis of the technical merits of the position.  If it is determined that an uncertain tax position is more-
likely-than-not to be sustained, the Company records the largest amount of tax benefit that is more than 50% likely to be
realized upon ultimate settlement with the related tax authority in Income tax expense.  Interest and penalties related to
unrecognized tax benefits are also recorded in Income tax expense.
The Company has elected to treat taxes due on U.S. inclusions in taxable income related to Global Intangible Low Taxed
Income (“GILTI”) as a current period expense when incurred (the “period cost method”).
Foreign Currency Translation Foreign Currency Translation
Assets and liabilities denominated in a functional currency other than the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using
exchange rates in effect as of the balance sheet date.  Revenue and expenses denominated in a functional currency other than
the U.S. dollar are translated into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates for the relevant period.  Because of the long-term
nature of the Company’s investments in its Affiliates, net translation exchange gains and losses resulting from foreign currency
translation are recorded in Accumulated other comprehensive loss.  Foreign currency transaction gains and losses are included
in Investment and other income.
Concentration of Credit Risk Concentration of Credit Risk
Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to significant concentrations of credit risk consist principally of
cash investments and derivative financial instruments.  The Company and its Affiliates maintain cash and cash equivalents,
investments, and, at times, certain derivative financial instruments with various high credit-quality financial institutions.  These
financial institutions are typically located in countries in which the Company and its Affiliates operate.  For the Company and
certain of its Affiliates, cash deposits at a financial institution may, from time to time, exceed insurance limits (similar to
Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation insurance limits).
Earnings Per Share Earnings Per Share
The calculation of Earnings per share (basic) is based on the weighted average number of shares of the Company’s
common stock outstanding during the period.  Earnings per share (diluted) is similar to Earnings per share (basic), but adjusts
for the dilutive effect of the potential issuance of incremental shares of the Company’s common stock.
The Company had share-based compensation awards outstanding during the periods presented with vesting provisions
subject to certain performance conditions.  These awards are excluded from the calculation of Earnings per share (diluted) if the
performance condition has not been met as of the end of the reporting period.
The Company has agreements with Affiliate equity holders that provide the Company a conditional right to call and holders
a conditional right to put their interests to the Company at certain intervals.  These arrangements are presented at their current
redemption value as Redeemable non-controlling interests.  The Company may settle these interests in cash or, subject to the
terms of the applicable agreement, shares of its common stock, or other forms of consideration, at its option.  The Company
must assume the settlement of all of its Redeemable non-controlling interests using the maximum number of shares permitted
under its arrangements.  Purchases are assumed to occur at the beginning of the reporting period.  The Company acquires the
rights to the underlying Affiliate equity when purchased, and therefore, the earnings that would be acquired (net of tax) are
assumed to increase Net income (controlling interest) in the computation of Earnings per share (diluted).  The issuance of
shares and the related income acquired are excluded from the calculation if an assumed purchase of Redeemable non-
controlling interests would be anti-dilutive to diluted earnings per share.
The Company had junior convertible securities outstanding during the periods presented and is required to apply the if-
converted method to these securities in its calculation of Earnings per share (diluted).  Under the if-converted method, shares
that are issuable upon conversion are deemed outstanding, regardless of whether the securities are contractually convertible into
the Company’s common stock at that time.  For this calculation, the interest expense (net of tax) attributable to these dilutive
securities is added back to Net income (controlling interest), reflecting the assumption that the securities have been converted. 
Issuable shares for these securities and related interest expense are excluded from the calculation if an assumed conversion
would be anti-dilutive to diluted earnings per share.
Share-Based Compensation Plans Share-Based Compensation Plans
The Company recognizes expenses for all share-based compensation arrangements based on the number of awards
expected to vest.  The expense for awards without performance conditions is recognized on a straight-line basis over the
requisite service period, including grants that are subject to graded vesting.  The Company recognizes expenses for all other
arrangements on a straight-line basis for each separately vesting portion of the award. 
Tax windfalls or shortfalls are recorded in Income tax expense and have been classified as operating activities in the
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.  Taxes paid by the Company when it withholds shares to satisfy tax withholding
obligations are classified as a financing activity in the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows.
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Developments Recently Adopted Accounting Standards and Developments
Recently Adopted Accounting Standards
Effective January 1, 2024, the Company adopted Accounting Standard Update (“ASU”) 2022-03, Fair Value Measurement:
Fair Value Measurement of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions.  Effective for the financial year ended
December 31, 2024, the Company adopted ASU 2023-07, Segment Reporting: Improvements to Reportable Segment
Disclosures.  The adoption of these standards did not have a material impact on the Company’s Consolidated Financial
Statements.
Recent Accounting Developments
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures,
which requires greater disaggregation of income tax disclosures related to the income tax rate reconciliation and income taxes
paid.  The standard is effective for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024.  The Company currently does not expect
the adoption to have a material impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In March 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-01, Compensation—Stock Compensation (Topic 718): Scope Application of
Profits Interest and Similar Awards, which clarifies how an entity should apply the scope guidance to determine whether profits
interest and similar awards should be accounted for in accordance with Topic 718.  The standard is effective for interim and
annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024 for the Company, and is effective for interim and annual periods beginning
after December 15, 2025 for the Company’s Affiliates.  The Company currently does not expect the adoption to have a material
impact on its Consolidated Financial Statements.
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03, Income Statement—Reporting Comprehensive Income—Expense
Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses, which requires improved
disclosure of the nature and disaggregation of income statement expenses.  The standard is effective for annual periods
beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2027.  The Company is currently
evaluating the potential impact that this standard may have on its Consolidated Financial Statements.