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Business Combinations
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2019
Business Combinations [Abstract]  
Business Combinations
NOTE 16 – BUSINESS COMBINATIONS
As part of our ongoing strategy to expand geographically and increase market share in certain markets, we completed six,
ten
and
ten
business combinations during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as several insignificant
tuck-in
acquisitions merged into existing operations in 2019,
 
2018 and 2017, in which we acquired 100% of the voting equity interests in each acquired entity. Acquisition-related costs amounted to $2.1 million, $2.7 million and $3.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, and are included in Administrative expenses on the Consolidated Statements of Operations and Comprehensive Income. The goodwill to be recognized in conjunction with these business combinations represents the excess cost of the acquired entity over the net amount assigned to assets acquired and liabilities assumed. We expect to deduct $21.2 million of goodwill for tax purposes as a result of 2019 acquisitions.
 
Below is a
summary
of each significant acquisition by year, including revenue and net income (loss) since date of acquisition, shown for the year of acquisition. The largest of our 2019 acquisitions were 1st State Insulation, LLC (“1st State Insulation”), Expert Insulation, Inc. and Expert Insulation of Brainerd, Inc. (collectively, “Expert Insulation”) and Premier Building Supply, LLC (“Premier”). In each table, “Other” represents acquisitions that were individually immaterial in that year. Net income (loss), as noted below, includes amortization, taxes and interest allocations when
appropriate
.
For the year ended December 31, 2019 (in thousands):
                                                         
2019 Acquisitions
 
Date
   
Acquisition
Type
   
Cash Paid
   
Seller
Obligations
   
Total
Purchase
Price
   
Revenue
   
Net
 
Income
(
Loss
)
 
1st State Insulation
   
3/18/2019
     
Asset
    $
5,125
    $
1,355
    $
6,480
    $
 9,828
    $
 476
 
Expert Insulation
   
6/24/2019
     
Asset
     
16,165
     
1,993
     
18,158
     
6,484
     
155
 
Premier
 
 
11/18/2019
 
 
 
Share
 
 
 
25,000
 
 
 
2,765
 
 
 
27,765
 
 
 
2,161
 
 
 
(62
)
Other
   
Various
     
Asset
     
5,750
     
1,430
     
7,180
     
3,339
     
23
 
                                                         
Total
   
     
    $
52,040
    $
7,543
    $
59,583
    $
 21,812
    $
 592
 
                                                         
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2018 (in thousands):
                                                 
Name
 
Date
 
Acquisition
Type
 
Cash Paid
   
Seller
Obligations
   
Total
Purchase
Price
   
Revenue
   
Net
 
Income
(Loss)
 
CDG
 
3/19/2018
 
Asset
  $
9,440
    $
1,973
    $
11,413
    $
11,466
    $
531
 
AFT
 
10/31/2018
 
Asset
   
19,707
     
1,510
     
21,217
     
3,530
     
(13
)
Other
 
Various
 
Shares/Asset
   
28,593
     
4,057
     
32,650
     
24,329
     
639
 
                                                 
Total
 
 
  $
57,740
    $
7,540
    $
65,280
    $
39,325
    $
1,157
 
                                                 
 
 
For the year ended December 31, 2017 (in thousands):
                                                               
Name
 
Date
 
Acquisition
Type
   
Cash Paid
   
Seller
Obligations
   
Fair
 
Value of
Common
Stock
 
Issued
   
Total
Purchase
Price
   
Revenue
   
Net
 
(Loss)
Income
 
Alpha
 
(1)
   
1/5/2017
   
Share
    $
103,810
    $
2,002
    $
10,859
    $
116,671
    $
116,070
    $
(1,148
)
Columbia
   
6/26/2017
   
Asset
     
8,768
     
225
     
—  
     
8,993
     
6,046
     
86
 
Astro
   
9/18/2017
   
Asset
     
9,144
     
482
     
—  
     
9,626
     
1,829
     
11
 
Other
   
Various
   
Asset
     
15,645
     
2,419
     
—  
     
18,064
     
20,457
     
573
 
                                                               
Total
   
   
    $
137,367
    $
5,128
    $
10,859
    $
153,354
    $
144,402
    $
(478
)
                                                               
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
(1) The cash paid included $21.7 million in contingent consideration to satisfy purchase price adjustments related to cash and net working capital requirements, earnout consideration based on Alpha’s change in
 
EBITDA from 2015 and a customary holdback. These payments were based on fair value of each contingent payment at the time of acquisition and subsequently adjusted during the measurement period. We issued 282,577 shares of our common stock with a fair value of $10.9 million.
 
 
Purchase Price Allocations
The estimated fair values of the assets acquired and liabilities assumed for the acquisitions, as well as total purchase prices and cash paid, approximated the following (in thousands):
 
2019
 
 
1st State
   
Expert
 
 
Premier
 
 
Other
   
Total
 
Estimated fair values:
   
     
 
 
 
 
 
   
     
 
Cash
 
$
 
 
$
 
 
$
334
 
 
$
 
 
$
334
 
Accounts receivable
 
 
 —
     
1,796
 
 
 
2,930
 
 
 
479
   
 
5,205
 
Inventories
   
291
     
723
 
 
 
1,242
 
   
410
     
2,666
 
Other current assets
   
     
 
 
 
—  
 
   
3
     
3
 
Property and equipment
   
989
     
235
 
 
 
876
 
   
887
     
2,987
 
Intangibles
   
3,382
     
6,740
 
 
 
14,300
 
   
3,619
     
28,041
 
Goodwill
   
1,857
     
8,545
 
 
 
10,238
 
   
1,765
     
22,405
 
Other
non-current
assets
   
     
161
 
 
 
329
 
   
41
     
531
 
Accounts payable and other current liabilities
   
(39
   
(42
 
 
(2,484
)
   
(24
   
(2,589
                 
 
 
 
 
               
Fair value of assets acquired and purchase price
   
6,480
     
18,158
 
 
 
27,765
 
   
7,180
     
59,583
 
Less seller obligations
   
1,355
     
1,993
 
 
 
2,765
 
   
1,430
     
7,543
 
                 
 
 
 
 
               
Cash paid
  $
5,125
    $
16,165
 
 
$
25,000
 
  $
5,750
    $
52,040
 
                 
 
 
 
 
               
 
2018
 
 
CDG
   
AFT
   
Other
   
Total
 
Estimated fair values:
   
     
     
     
 
Accounts receivable
 
$
1,731
   
$
—  
   
$
4,104
   
$
5,835
 
Inventories
   
514
     
565
     
1,136
     
2,215
 
Other current assets
   
28
     
—  
     
918
     
946
 
Property and equipment
   
933
     
2,882
     
2,169
     
5,984
 
Intangibles
   
3,711
     
13,470
     
18,904
     
36,085
 
Goodwill
   
4,898
     
4,415
     
7,766
     
17,079
 
Other
non-current
assets
   
36
     
13
     
82
     
131
 
Accounts payable and other current liabilities
   
(438
)    
(128
)    
(2,429
)    
(2,995
)
                                 
Fair value of assets acquired and purchase price
   
11,413
     
21,217
     
32,650
     
65,280
 
Less fair value of common stock issued
   
—  
     
—  
     
—  
     
—  
 
Less seller obligations
   
1,973
     
1,510
     
4,057
     
7,540
 
                                 
Cash paid
  $
9,440
    $
19,707
    $
28,593
    $
57,740
 
                                 
 
 
2017
 
 
Alpha
 
 
Columbia
 
 
Astro
 
 
Other
 
 
Total
 
Estimated fair values:
   
     
     
     
     
 
Cash
  $
247
    $
—  
    $
—  
    $
—  
    $
247
 
Accounts receivable
   
29,851
     
989
     
924
     
3,157
     
34,921
 
Inventories
   
1,852
     
704
     
296
     
1,544
     
4,396
 
Other current assets
   
4,500
     
8
     
36
     
96
     
4,640
 
Property and equipment
   
1,528
     
659
     
640
     
1,820
     
4,647
 
Intangibles
   
57,200
     
4,760
     
5,168
     
9,688
     
76,816
 
Goodwill
   
38,511
     
2,209
     
2,932
     
4,190
     
47,842
 
Other
non-current
assets
   
383
     
36
     
—  
     
219
     
638
 
Accounts payable and other current liabilities
   
(17,401
)    
(372
)    
(370
)    
(2,650
)    
(20,793
)
                                         
Fair value of assets acquired
   
116,671
     
8,993
     
9,626
     
18,064
     
153,354
 
Less fair value of common stock issued
   
10,859
     
—  
     
—  
     
—  
     
10,859
 
Less seller obligations
   
2,002
     
225
     
482
     
2,419
     
5,128
 
                                         
Cash paid
  $
103,810
    $
8,768
    $
9,144
    $
15,645
    $
137,367
 
                                         
Contingent consideration is included as “seller obligations” in the above table or within “fair value of assets acquired” if subsequently paid during the period presented. These contingent payments consist primarily of earnouts based on performance that are recorded at fair value at the time of acquisition, and/or
non-compete
agreements and amounts based on working capital calculations. When these payments are expected to be made over one year from the acquisition date, the contingent consideration is discounted to net present value using our weighted average cost of capital (WACC).
Further adjustments to the allocation for each acquisition still under its measurement period are expected as third-party or internal valuations are finalized, certain tax aspects of the transaction are completed, contingent consideration is settled, and customary post-closing reviews are concluded during the measurement period attributable to each individual business combination. As a result, insignificant adjustments to the fair value of assets acquired, and in some cases total purchase price, have been made to certain business combinations since the date of acquisition and future adjustments may be made through the end of each measurement period.
 Goodwill and
 intangibles
 per the above
 table
do not agree to the total gross increases of these assets as shown in Note 6, Goodwill and Intangibles, during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 due to minor adjustments to goodwill for the allocation of certain acquisitions still under measurement, an immaterial goodwill reclassification in the year ended December 31, 2017 related to the prior period, as well as other immaterial intangible assets added during the ordinary course of business. In addition, goodwill and intangibles increased during the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017 due to various small acquisitions merged into existing operations that do not appear in the above tables.
Estimates of acquired intangible assets related to the acquisitions are as follows (dollars in thousands):
                                                 
 
2019
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Acquired intangibles assets
 
Estimated
Fair
 
Value
 
 
Weighted
Average
Estimated
Useful
Life (yrs)
 
 
Estimated
Fair
 
Value
 
 
Weighted
Average
Estimated
Useful
Life (yrs)
 
 
Estimated
Fair
 
Value
 
 
Weighted
Average
Estimated
Useful
Life (yrs)
 
Customer relationships
  $
 20,659
     
8
    $
 
27,149
     
8
    $
39,922
     
8
 
Trademarks and trade names
   
5,286
     
15
     
6,075
     
15
     
20,667
     
15
 
Non-competition
agreements
   
2,096
     
5
     
2,401
     
5
     
2,628
     
5
 
Backlog
   
 
 
     
 
 
     
460
     
2
     
13,600
     
1.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Pro Forma Information (unaudited)
The unaudited pro forma information has been prepared as if the 2019 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2018, the 2018 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2017 and the 2017 acquisitions had taken place on January 1, 2016. The unaudited pro forma information is not necessarily indicative of the results that we would have achieved had the transactions actually taken place on January 1, 2018, 2017 and 2016 and the unaudited pro forma information does not purport to be indicative of future financial operating results (in thousands, except for per share data).
                         
 
Unaudited Pro Forma for the years ended
 
December 31,
 
 
    2019    
 
 
2018
 
 
2017
 
Net revenue
  $
 1,549,797
    $
1,436,713
    $
1,246,017
 
Net income
   
70,389
     
61,148
     
48,016
 
Basic net income per share
   
2.37
     
1.97
     
1.52
 
Diluted net income per share
   
2.36
     
1.96
     
1.51
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unaudited pro forma net income reflects additional intangible asset amortization expense of $2.1 million, $6.2 million and $5.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively, as well as additional income tax expense of $0.8 million, $2.0 million and $2.5 million for the years ended December 31, 2019, 2018 and 2017, respectively.