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Contingencies | 3 Months Ended
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Mar. 31, 2016
Commitments and Contingencies Disclosure [Abstract] |
Contingencies | Contingencies Product Liability The Company categorizes the product liability claims of its subsidiary MSA LLC into two main categories: single incident and cumulative trauma. Single incident product liability claims involve discrete incidents that are typically known to us when they occur and involve observable injuries, which provide an objective basis for quantifying damages. MSA LLC estimates its liability for single incident product liability claims based on expected settlement costs for reported claims and an estimate of costs for unreported claims (claims incurred but not reported or IBNR). The estimate for IBNR claims is based on experience, sales volumes, and other relevant information. The reserve for single incident product liability claims, which includes reported and IBNR claims, was $3.6 million at March 31, 2016 and $3.5 million at December 31, 2015. Single incident product liability expense was insignificant during the three months ended March 31, 2016 and $0.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2015. Single incident product liability exposures are evaluated on an ongoing basis and adjustments are made to the reserve as appropriate. Cumulative trauma product liability claims involve exposures to harmful substances (e.g., silica, asbestos and coal dust) that occurred many years ago and may have developed over long periods of time into diseases such as silicosis, asbestosis, or coal worker’s pneumoconiosis. MSA LLC is presently named as a defendant in 1,984 lawsuits, some of which involve multiple plaintiffs, in which plaintiffs allege to have contracted certain cumulative trauma diseases. These lawsuits mainly involve respiratory protection products allegedly manufactured and sold by MSA LLC or its predecessors. The products at issue were manufactured many years ago and are not currently offered by MSA LLC. Although there is year over year variability in the number and quality of claims defended and resolved, MSA LLC’s aggregate total for cumulative trauma product liability claims (inclusive of settlements and defense costs) for the three years ended December 31, 2015, totaled approximately $156.1 million, substantially all of which was recorded as insurance receivables because the amounts are believed to be recoverable under insurance. A summary of cumulative trauma product liability lawsuit activity follows:
|  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015
Open lawsuits, beginning of period |  | 1,988 |  |  | 2,326 |
New lawsuits |  | 96 |  |  | 340 |
Settled and dismissed lawsuits |  | (100 | ) |  | (678 | )
Open lawsuits, end of period |  | 1,984 |  |  | 1,988 |
More than half of the open lawsuits at March 31, 2016 have had a de minimis level of activity over the last 5 years. It is possible that these cases could become active again at any point due to changes in circumstances. Cumulative trauma product liability litigation is inherently unpredictable. It has typically not been until very late in the legal process that it can be reasonably determined whether it is probable that any particular case will ultimately result in a liability. This uncertainty is caused by many factors. Complaints generally do not provide information sufficient to determine if a lawsuit will develop into an actively litigated case. Even when a case is actively litigated, it is often difficult to determine if the lawsuit will be dismissed or otherwise resolved until late in the lawsuit. Moreover, even if it is probable that such a lawsuit will result in a loss; it is often difficult to estimate the amount of actual loss that will be incurred. These actual loss amounts are highly variable and turn on a case-by-case analysis of the relevant facts, which are often not learned until late in the lawsuit. In addition, there are uncertainties concerning the impact of bankruptcies of other companies that are co-defendants in claims, uncertainties surrounding the litigation process from jurisdiction to jurisdiction and from case to case, and uncertainties regarding the impact of potential changes in legislative or judicial standards. The uncertainties noted above relating to cumulative trauma product liability litigation are particularly acute in the case of incurred but not reported claims (“IBNR” claims), which by definition are potential claims that have not yet been filed. Management, after consultation with its valuation consultant and outside legal counsel, continues to be unable to reasonably estimate, and therefore has not recorded any liability for, MSA LLC’s cumulative trauma IBNR claims. However, in 2015 Management continued to work with its outside valuation consultant and outside legal counsel to develop a method to provide a reasonable estimate for certain reported claims by using appropriate assumptions based on MSA LLC’s particular circumstances. For those reported claims where MSA LLC believes a loss is probable, and it can make a reasonable estimate of such loss, it recorded a liability of $7.1 million as of December 31, 2015. This reserve amount pertains to certain reported claims where MSA LLC’s claims experience allowed it to make an estimate of potential liability, but does not take into account all the claims currently pending against MSA LLC. The change in ability to estimate in 2015 was driven by the maturation of MSA LLC’s defense efforts and additional claims experience. Certain groups of claims have not been included in the reserve due to a lack of claims experience with the applicable plaintiffs’ counsel, low volume of resolution, or lack of confidence in the consistency of claims composition, or other factors which rendered us unable to make a reasonable estimate. Therefore, while this reserve amount covers a substantial portion of MSA LLC’s currently reported claims, it does not purport to cover all of MSA LLC’s reported claims as discussed above. In addition, the reserve does not include amounts which will be spent to defend these claims. To arrive at the estimate, it was necessary to employ significant assumptions. In light of these significant assumptions, and all of the uncertainties inherent in cumulative trauma product liability litigation noted above, there can be no assurance that future experience with reported claims will follow MSA LLC’s past experience. Because litigation is subject to inherent uncertainties, and unfavorable rulings or developments could occur, there can be no certainty that MSA LLC may not ultimately incur charges in excess of presently recorded liabilities or that costs related to claims not included in the reserve will be consistent either with those for which MSA LLC has been able to make an estimate, and to reserve, or past outcomes. Actual liabilities could vary greatly and we will need to adjust the estimate from time to time based on relevant facts and circumstances. If actual experience is worse than projected, the estimate would increase, and these increases could potentially be material over time. The $7.1 million estimate has been added to the cumulative trauma product liability reserve, which already contains amounts payable on previously settled claims. Together, the cumulative trauma product liability reserve totaled $38.3 million at March 31, 2016, and is recorded in the insurance and product liability line within other current liabilities section of the consolidated balance sheet. On February 26, 2016, a Kentucky state court jury in the James Couch claim rendered a verdict against MSA LLC of $7.2 million dollars (comprised of $3.2 million of an apportioned share of compensatory damages and $4.0 million in punitive damages). The Couch claim is a product liability lawsuit involving cumulative trauma exposure to coal dust. Management believes that the verdict against MSA LLC is contrary to Kentucky law and intends to appeal the verdict. The Company and its outside legal counsel have concluded that, based on their assessment of the appellate issues, a reversal of the adverse judgment is reasonably possible and, consequently, a loss contingency is not probable at this time and is not included in the $7.1 million product liability reserve. In the future, if the Company determines that losses with respect to this matter are probable, MSA LLC, consistent with its existing practices, will record an accrual and/or provide appropriate disclosures as required by ASC 450-20-50, Contingencies. In the event that MSA LLC’s appeal of the adverse verdict is unsuccessful or not fully successful, the loss could total the full amount of the verdict, plus additional amounts for post-judgment interest. If so, the $3.2 million compensatory portion of the verdict (and associated interest) would be added to the product liability reserve and the insurance receivable in the consolidated balance sheet. The $4.0 million punitive portion of the verdict (and associated interest) would be expensed because we do not have insurance to cover punitive damages in this case. Insurance Receivable MSA LLC purchased insurance policies for the policy years from 1952-1986 from over 20 different insurance carriers that, subject to some common contract exclusions, provide coverage for cumulative trauma product liability losses and, in many instances, related defense costs (the "Occurrence-Based Policies"). The available limits of these policies exceed the recorded insurance receivable balance. After 1986, MSA LLC’s insurance policies have significant per claim deductibles. Based on this, the Company does not expect to be materially reimbursed for any claims alleging exposures that occurred entirely after this date. In the normal course of business, MSA LLC makes payments to settle product liability claims and for related defense costs and records receivables for the amounts that are covered by insurance. Various factors could affect the timing and amount of recovery of the insurance receivable, including the outcome of negotiations with insurers, the outcome of the coverage litigation, and the extent to which insurers may become insolvent in the future. Insurance receivables at March 31, 2016 totaled $239.2 million, of which $2.0 million is reported in other current assets and $237.2 million in other non-current assets. Insurance receivables at December 31, 2015 totaled $229.5 million, of which $2.0 million is reported in other current assets and $227.5 million in other non-current assets. A summary of insurance receivable balances and activity related to cumulative trauma product liability losses follows:
(In millions) |  | Three Months Ended March 31, 2016 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2015
Balance beginning of period |  | $ | 229.5 |  |  | $ | 220.5 |
Additions |  | 12.7 |  |  | 17.3 |
Collections and settlements |  | (3.0 | ) |  | (8.3 | )
Balance end of period |  | $ | 239.2 |  |  | $ | 229.5 |
Additions to insurance receivables in the above table represent insured cumulative trauma product liability losses and related defense costs. Uninsured cumulative trauma product liability losses during the three months ended March 31, 2015 were $0.1 million. There were no uninsured losses in the 2016 first quarter. Collections primarily represent agreements with insurance companies to pay amounts due that are applicable to cumulative trauma claims. When there are contingencies embedded in these agreements, we apply payments to the insurance receivable in the period when the contingency is met. In cases where the payment stream covers multiple years and there are no contingencies, the present value of the payments is recorded as a note receivable (current and long-term) in the condensed consolidated balance sheet within prepaid expenses and other current assets and other noncurrent assets. MSA LLC believes that the increase in its insurance receivable balance that it has experienced since 2005 is primarily due to disagreements among its insurance carriers, and consequently with MSA LLC, as to when the individual obligations of insurance carriers to pay are triggered and the amount of each insurer’s obligation, as compared to other insurers. We believe that successful resolution of insurance litigation with various insurance carriers in recent years demonstrates that we have strong legal positions concerning MSA LLC's rights to coverage. The collectability of MSA LLC's insurance receivables is regularly evaluated and we believe that the amounts recorded are probable of collection. These conclusions are based on analysis of the terms of the underlying insurance policies, experience in successfully recovering cumulative trauma product liability claims from our insurers under other policies, the financial ability of the insurance carriers to pay the claims, understanding and interpretation of the relevant facts and applicable law and the advice of MSA LLC's outside legal counsel. Insurance Litigation MSA LLC is currently involved in insurance coverage litigation with a number of its insurance carriers regarding its Occurrence-Based Policies. In 2009, MSA LLC (as Mine Safety Appliances Company) sued The North River Insurance Company (North River) in the United States District Court for the Western District of Pennsylvania, alleging that North River breached one of its insurance policies by failing to pay amounts owed to MSA LLC and that it engaged in bad-faith claims handling. MSA LLC believes that North River’s refusal to indemnify it under the policy for product liability losses and legal fees paid by MSA LLC is wholly contrary to Pennsylvania law and MSA LLC is vigorously pursuing the legal actions necessary to collect all due amounts. A trial date has not yet been scheduled. In 2010, North River sued MSA LLC (as Mine Safety Appliances Company) in the Court of Common Pleas of Allegheny County, Pennsylvania seeking a declaratory judgment concerning their responsibilities under three additional policies. MSA LLC asserted claims against North River for breaches of contract for failures to pay amounts owed to MSA LLC. MSA LLC also alleges that North River engaged in bad-faith claims handling. MSA LLC believes that North River’s refusal to indemnify us under these policies for product liability losses and legal fees paid by MSA LLC is wholly contrary to Pennsylvania law and MSA LLC is vigorously pursuing the legal actions necessary to collect all due amounts. Trial is currently scheduled for September 2016. In July 2010, MSA LLC (as Mine Safety Appliances Company) filed a lawsuit in the Superior Court of the State of Delaware seeking declaratory and other relief from the majority of its excess insurance carriers concerning the future rights and obligations of MSA LLC and its excess insurance carriers under various insurance policies. The reason for this insurance coverage action is to secure a comprehensive resolution of its rights under the insurance policies issued by the insurers. Trial has recently been rescheduled from May 2016 to April 2017 to accommodate ongoing settlement discussions. Through negotiated settlements, MSA LLC has resolved claims against certain of its insurance carriers on certain policies. When a settlement is reached, MSA LLC dismisses the settling carrier from the relevant above noted lawsuit(s). Assuming satisfactory resolution, once disputes are resolved with each of the remaining carriers, MSA LLC anticipates having commitments to provide future payment streams which should be sufficient to satisfy its presently recorded insurance receivables due from insurance carriers. At some point in the next few years, even if insurance coverage litigation is generally successful, MSA LLC will become largely self-insured for costs associated with cumulative trauma product liability claims. The exact point when this transition will happen is difficult to predict and subject to a number of variables, including the pace at which future cumulative trauma product liability costs are incurred and the results of litigation and negotiations with insurance carriers. After it becomes largely self-insured, MSA LLC may still obtain some insurance reimbursement from negotiated coverage-in-place agreements (although that coverage may not be immediately triggered or accessible) or from other sources of coverage. The precise amount of insurance reimbursement available at that time cannot be determined with specificity today.

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