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Income Taxes
3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2017 was 10.9%, which differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to a significant tax benefit of approximately 16.9% related to certain share-based payments related to the adoption of ASU 2016-09 as well as increased profitability in more favorable tax jurisdictions and benefits associated with U.S. tax credits for research and development and the manufacturing deduction. The company's effective tax rate for the first quarter of 2016 was 48.7%, inclusive of 14.0% associated with exit taxes related to the European reorganization. The 48.7% rate for the first quarter of 2016 differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to the exit taxes discussed above, partially offset by increased profitability in more favorable tax jurisdictions and benefits associated with U.S. tax credits for research and development and the manufacturing deduction.
At March 31, 2017, the Company had a gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $14.6 million. The Company has recognized tax benefits associated with these liabilities of $6.3 million at March 31, 2017. The gross liability includes amounts associated with prior period foreign tax exposure.
The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company's liability for accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions was $1.5 million at March 31, 2017.
In October 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-16, Intra-entity Transfers of Assets Other than Inventory. This ASU states that an entity should recognize the income tax consequences of an intra-entity transfer of an asset other than inventory when the transfer occurs. We have early adopted this ASU on January 1, 2017 using the modified retrospective approach which resulted in a $5.9 million cumulative-effect adjustment directly to retained earnings for any previously deferred income tax effects.
In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-09, Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting, which we have adopted effective January 1, 2017. From an income tax perspective, this ASU requires that all excess tax benefits and deficiencies that pertain to share-based payment arrangements be recognized as a component of income tax expense rather than as a component of additional paid-in-capital. We expect this to create volatility in the effective tax rate on a go-forward basis as the impact is treated as a discrete item within our quarterly tax provision. The adoption of this standard resulted in a $2.8 million tax benefit during the first quarter of 2017.
Please refer to Note 2 to the unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements of this Form 10-Q for additional information regarding the two standards adopted.