Restructuring Charges

During the three months ended March 31, 2018, we recorded restructuring charges, net of adjustments, of $5.3 million. International segment restructuring charges of $3.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 were primarily related to severance costs for staff reductions associated with our ongoing initiatives to drive profitable growth in Europe. Corporate segment restructuring charges of $2.0 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 related primarily to our ongoing review of the Company's legal structure to evaluate potential realignments to better facilitate the execution of our corporate strategy.

During the three months ended March 31, 2017, we recorded restructuring charges, net of adjustments, of $12.7 million. Americas segment restructuring charges of $12.3 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 related primarily to the voluntary retirement incentive package described below as well as severance from staff reductions in Brazil. International segment restructuring charges of $0.4 million during the three months ended March 31, 2017 were related to severance costs for staff reductions in Europe and Australia.

In September 2016, certain employees in the Americas segment were offered a voluntary retirement incentive package (“VRIP”). The election window for participation closed on October 17, 2016. The employees were required to render service through January 31, 2017 to receive the VRIP and had until February 6, 2017 to revoke their election. None of the 83 employees who accepted the VRIP revoked their election to retire under the terms of the plan. Non-cash special termination benefit expense of $11.4 million as incurred in the first quarter of 2017 related to these elections. All benefits were paid from our over funded North America pension plan.

Activity and reserve balances for restructuring charges by segment were as follows:



(In millions)	Americas			International			Corporate			Total
Reserve balances at December 31, 2016	$	0.9		$	2.8		$	0.3		$	4.0
Restructuring charges	13.0			4.9			—			17.9
Adjustments to estimates on restructuring reserves	(0.2		)	(0.1		)	—			(0.3		)
Cash payments / utilization	(13.2		)	(4.0		)	(0.3		)	(17.5		)
Reserve balances at December 31, 2017	$	0.5		$	3.6		$	—		$	4.1
Restructuring charges	—			3.3			2.0			5.3
Adjustments to estimates on restructuring reserves	—			—			—			—
Cash payments	(0.1		)	(1.4		)	(2.0		)	(3.5		)
Reserve balances at March 31, 2018	$	0.4		$	5.5		$	—		$	5.9