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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes
Income Taxes
The Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 ("the Act"), which was signed into law on December 22, 2017, has resulted in significant changes to the U.S. corporate income tax system including reducing the U.S. corporate rate to 21% starting in 2018. The Act also creates a territorial tax system with a one-time mandatory tax on previously deferred foreign earnings of U.S. subsidiaries.
On December 22, 2017, SAB 118 was issued to address the application of U.S. GAAP in situations when a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Act. In accordance with SAB 118, the Company calculated its best estimate of the impact of the Act and recorded income tax expense of $19.8 million during the fourth quarter of 2017, the period in which the legislation was enacted. Of this amount, $18.0 million related to the one-time transition tax and the remaining $1.8 million was related to the revaluation of U.S. deferred tax assets and liabilities. In addition, deferred taxes have been recorded on the outside basis differences of non-U.S. subsidiaries in the amount of $7.8 million, fully offset by foreign tax credits. During the third quarter of 2018 , we reduced our estimate for the one-time transition tax by $2 million for updated regulations related to the Act. Changes to applicable tax law, regulations or interpretations of the Act may require further adjustments and changes in our estimates. The final determination of the transition tax and the revaluation of U.S. deferred assets and liabilities will be completed as additional information becomes available, but no later than one year from the enactment of the Act.

During the third quarter of 2018, the Company recorded $5.1 million of foreign taxes related to the legal and operational realignment of our U.S. and Canadian operations. These taxes are expected to be fully offset by foreign tax credits.
The Company's effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2018 was 11.0% and differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to benefits associated with the reduction in the one-time transition tax as discussed above, additional manufacturing deduction benefits and certain share-based payments related to the application of ASU 2016-09. The Company's effective tax rate for the third quarter of 2017 was 14.4% and differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to a benefit of approximately 6.6% associated with the reduction of exit taxes related to our European reorganization, additional manufacturing deduction benefits and the release of valuation allowance on foreign losses.
The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, was 19.1% and differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 21% primarily due to tax benefits associated with the reduction in the one-time transition tax as discussed above, additional manufacturing benefits and certain share-based payments related to the application of ASU 2016-09 partially offset by increased profitability in less favorable tax jurisdictions and higher foreign entity losses in jurisdictions where we cannot take tax benefits. The Company's effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2017, was 9.6% which differs from the U.S. federal statutory rate of 35% primarily due to a significant tax benefit of approximately 10.5% related to certain share-based payments related to the application of ASU 2016-09 as well as a 3.8% associated with the reduction of exit taxes related to our European reorganization, additional manufacturing deduction benefits and the release of a valuation allowance on foreign losses.
At September 30, 2018, the Company had a gross liability for unrecognized tax benefits of $14.5 million. The Company has recognized tax benefits associated with these liabilities of $5.2 million at September 30, 2018. The gross liability includes amounts associated with prior period foreign tax exposure.
The Company recognizes interest related to unrecognized tax benefits in interest expense and penalties in operating expenses. The Company's liability for accrued interest related to uncertain tax positions was $3.0 million at September 30, 2018.