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Condensed Consolidated Statement of Income - USD ($) $ in Thousands | 3 Months Ended | 9 Months Ended
--- | --- | ---
Sep. 30, 2019 | Sep. 30, 2018 | Sep. 30, 2019 | Sep. 30, 2018
Income Statement [Abstract] |  |  |  |
Net sales | $ 351,014 | $ 331,096 | $ 1,026,726 | $ 996,320
Cost of products sold | 192,313 | 182,794 | 556,959 | 546,844
Gross profit | 158,701 | 148,302 | 469,767 | 449,476
Selling, general and administrative | 82,900 | 78,013 | 245,337 | 240,226
Research and development | 13,520 | 13,296 | 41,482 | 39,752
Restructuring charges (Note 4) | 1,850 | 2,615 | 11,203 | 10,223
Currency exchange (gains) losses, net (Note 6) | (913) | (252) | 17,338 | 2,571
Product liability expense (Note 18) | 1,730 | 14,627 | 8,155 | 25,469
Operating income | 59,614 | 40,003 | 146,252 | 131,235
Interest expense | 4,259 | 4,492 | 11,089 | 14,454
Loss on extinguishment of debt (Note 12) | 0 | 1,494 | 0 | 1,494
Other income, net | (2,929) | (4,252) | (8,850) | (8,292)
Total other expense, net | 1,330 | 1,734 | 2,239 | 7,656
Income before income taxes | 58,284 | 38,269 | 144,013 | 123,579
Provision for income taxes (Note 10) | 15,673 | 4,206 | 37,913 | 23,606
Net income | 42,611 | 34,063 | 106,100 | 99,973
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests | (372) | (346) | (822) | (706)
Net income attributable to MSA Safety Incorporated | $ 42,239 | $ 33,717 | $ 105,278 | $ 99,267
Earnings per share attributable to MSA Safety Incorporated common shareholders: |  |  |  |
Basic (in dollars per share) | $ 1.09 | $ 0.88 | $ 2.72 | $ 2.59
Diluted (in dollars per share) | 1.08 | 0.86 | 2.69 | 2.55
Dividends per common share (in dollars per share) | $ 0.42 | $ 0.38 | $ 1.22 | $ 1.11

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- Definition The aggregate costs incurred (1) in a planned search or critical investigation aimed at discovery of new knowledge with the hope that such knowledge will be useful in developing a new product or service, a new process or technique, or in bringing about a significant improvement to an existing product or process; or (2) to translate research findings or other knowledge into a plan or design for a new product or process or for a significant improvement to an existing product or process whether intended for sale or the entity's use, during the reporting period charged to research and development projects, including the costs of developing computer software up to the point in time of achieving technological feasibility, and costs allocated in accounting for a business combination to in-process projects deemed to have no alternative future use. + References Reference 1: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 985 -SubTopic 20 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6501960&loc=d3e128462-111756 Reference 2: http://fasb.org/us-gaap/role/ref/legacyRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 730 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6420194&loc=d3e21568-108373 + Details
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