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Income Taxes | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2020
Income Taxes [Abstract] |
Income Taxes | 11. Income Taxes The provision for income taxes comprises the following (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31,
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018
Current |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal | $ | 58,602 |  | $ | 36,779 |  | $ | 23,934
U.S. state and local |  | 15,950 |  |  | 7,078 |  |  | 4,484
Foreign |  | 539 |  |  | 600 |  |  | 452
Deferred |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. federal, state and local |  | 1,456 |  |  | (2,773) |  |  | 5,185
Foreign |  | (23) |  |  | 2 |  |  | 1
Total | $ | 76,524 |  | $ | 41,686 |  | $ | 34,056
A summary of the temporary differences that give rise to deferred tax assets/ (liabilities) follows (in thousands):
|  |  | December 31,
|  |  | 2020 |  |  | 2019
| Accrued liabilities | $ | 42,151 |  | $ | 32,498
| Lease liabilities |  | 35,888 |  |  | 32,476
| Implicit price concessions |  | 7,031 |  |  | 4,165
| Stock compensation expense |  | 4,047 |  |  | 5,425
| State net operating loss carryforwards |  | 2,030 |  |  | 2,678
| Other |  | 888 |  |  | 592
| Deferred income tax assets |  | 92,035 |  |  | 77,834
| Amortization of intangible assets |  | (40,619) |  |  | (39,377)
| Right of use lease assets |  | (32,788) |  |  | (28,807)
| Accelerated tax depreciation |  | (31,686) |  |  | (21,942)
| Currents assets |  | (3,921) |  |  | (2,510)
| Market valuation of investments |  | (2,382) |  |  | (2,058)
| State income taxes |  | (1,161) |  |  | (1,477)
| Other |  | (142) |  |  | (167)
| Deferred income tax liabilities |  | (112,699) |  |  | (96,338)
| Net deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (20,664) |  | $ | (18,504)
At December 31, 2020 and 2019, state net operating loss carryforwards were $37.3 million and $43.1 million, respectively. These net operating losses will expire, in varying amounts, between 2025 and 2040. Based on our history of operating earnings, we have determined that our operating income will, more likely than not, be sufficient to ensure realization of our deferred income tax assets. A reconciliation of the beginning and ending of year amount of our unrecognized tax benefit is as follows (in thousands):
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018
Balance at January 1, | $ | 1,323 |  | $ | 1,348 |  | $ | 1,123
Unrecognized tax benefits due to positions taken in current year |  | 200 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 453
Decrease due to expiration of statute of limitations |  | (219) |  |  | (259) |  |  | (228)
Balance at December 31, | $ | 1,304 |  | $ | 1,323 |  | $ | 1,348
We file tax returns in the U.S. federal jurisdiction and various states. The years ended December 31, 2017 and forward remain open for review for federal income tax purposes. The earliest open year relating to any of our major state jurisdictions is the fiscal year ended December 31, 2015. During the next twelve months, we do not anticipate a material net change in unrecognized tax benefits. We classify interest related to our accrual for uncertain tax positions in separate interest accounts. As of December 31, 2020, and 2019, we have approximately $163,000 and $159,000, respectively, accrued in interest payable related to uncertain tax positions. These accruals are included in other current liabilities in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. Net interest expense related to uncertain tax positions included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statement of income is not material. The difference between the actual income tax provision for continuing operations and the income tax provision calculated at the statutory U.S. federal tax rate is explained as follows (in thousands):
|  | For the Years Ended December 31, |  |
|  | 2020 |  |  | 2019 |  |  | 2018 |  |
Income tax provision calculated using the statutory rate of 21% | $ | 83,158 |  | $ | 54,938 |  | $ | 50,316 |  |
Excess stock compensation tax benefits |  | (26,089) |  |  | (24,177) |  |  | (22,862) |  |
State and local income taxes, less federal income tax effect |  | 13,855 |  |  | 7,880 |  |  | 7,150 |  |
Nondeductible expenses |  | 5,377 |  |  | 3,048 |  |  | 2,280 |  |
Other--net |  | 223 |  |  | (3) |  |  | (2,828) |  |
Income tax provision | $ | 76,524 |  | $ | 41,686 |  | $ | 34,056 |  |
Effective tax rate |  | 19.3 | % |  | 15.9 | % |  | 14.2 | % |
Summarized below are the total amounts of income taxes paid during the years ended December 31 (in thousands):
2020 | $ | 61,517
2019 |  | 44,063
2018 |  | 9,749
Provision has not been made for additional taxes on $35.1 million of undistributed earnings of our domestic subsidiaries. Should we elect to sell our interest in these businesses rather than to affect a tax-free liquidation, additional taxes amounting to approximately $8.4 million would be incurred based on current income tax rates.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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