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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2017
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities
Net deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017 and 2016 are as follows:
 
Table
12.1
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax assets and liabilities
(in thousands)
 
2017
 
2016
Total deferred tax assets
 
$
258,663

 
$
636,449

Total deferred tax liabilities
 
(24,282
)
 
(28,794
)
 
Net deferred tax asset
 
$
234,381

 
$
607,655

Components of the net deferred tax asset (liability)
Table 12.2 includes the components of the net deferred tax asset as of December 31, 2017 and 2016.
 
Table
12.2
 
 
 
 
Deferred tax components
(in thousands)
 
2017
 
2016
Unearned premium reserves
 
$
29,196

 
$
40,153

 
Benefit plans
 
(7,162
)
 
(12,350
)
 
Federal net operating loss
 
155,839

 
520,812

 
Loss reserves
 
4,994

 
10,883

 
Unrealized (appreciation) depreciation in investments
 
(7,782
)
 
11,211

 
Mortgage investments
 
8,963

 
17,751

 
Deferred compensation
 
7,265

 
12,517

 
AMT credit carryforward
 
37,017

 
2,215

 
Other, net
 
6,051

 
4,463

 
Net deferred tax asset
 
$
234,381

 
$
607,655

Summary of valuation allowance
Table 12.3 provides a rollforward of our deferred tax asset valuation allowance for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
Table
12.3
 
 
Deferred tax valuation allowance rollforward
(in millions)
 
For the year ended December 31, 2015
Balance at December 31, 2014
 
$
902.3

 
 
 
 
Reduction in tax provision in current year
 
(161.1
)
 
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income in the current year
 
6.3

 
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets in the current year
 
(154.8
)
 
 
 
 
 
Reduction in tax provision for amounts to be realized in future years
 
(686.7
)
 
Amounts recorded in other comprehensive income to be realized in future years
 
(60.8
)
 
Change in valuation allowance for deferred tax assets realizable in future years
 
(747.5
)
 
 
 
 
 
Balance at December 31, 2015
 
$

Tax provision (benefit)
Table 12.4 shows the effect of the change in valuation allowance on the provision for (benefit from) income taxes for the year ended December 31, 2015.
 
Table
12.4
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(in thousands)
 
2015
Provision for income taxes before valuation allowance
 
$
163,497

Change in valuation allowance
 
(161,158
)
 
Reversal of valuation allowance
 
(686,652
)
 
Benefit from income taxes
 
$
(684,313
)
Components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes
Table 12.5 summarizes the components of the provision for (benefit from) income taxes:
 
Table
12.5
 
 
 
 
 
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
(in thousands)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Current Federal
 
$
73,348

 
$
9,470

 
$
8,067

Deferred Federal
 
351,677

 
160,657

 
(686,652
)
 
Other
 
3,710

 
2,070

 
(5,728
)
 
Provision for (benefit from) income taxes
 
$
428,735

 
$
172,197

 
$
(684,313
)
Reconciliation of federal statutory income tax rate
Table 12.6 reconciles the federal statutory income tax rate to our effective tax provision (benefit) rate.
 
Table
12.6
 
 
 
 
 
Effective tax rate reconciliation
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Federal statutory income tax rate
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
35.0
 %
 
Additional income tax provision related to the rate decrease included in the Tax Act
17.0
 %
 
 %
 
 %
 
Additional income tax provision related to IRS litigation
3.7
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
0.1
 %
 
Valuation allowance
 %
 
 %
 
(173.8
)%
 
Tax exempt municipal bond interest
(1.4
)%
 
(1.9
)%
 
(0.8
)%
 
Other, net
0.4
 %
 
0.3
 %
 
(0.8
)%
 
Effective tax provision (benefit) rate
54.7
 %
 
33.5
 %
 
(140.3
)%
Reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits
A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is shown in table 12.7.

 
Table
12.7
 
 
 
 
 
 
Unrecognized tax benefits reconciliation
(in thousands)
 
2017
 
2016
 
2015
Balance at beginning of year
 
$
108,245

 
$
107,120

 
$
106,230

Additions based on tax positions related to the current year
 

 

 

 
Additions for tax positions of prior years
 
35,003

 
1,125

 
890

 
Reductions for tax positions of prior years
 
(427
)
 

 

 
Settlements
 

 

 

 
Balance at end of year
 
$
142,821

 
$
108,245

 
$
107,120