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Investments | 9 Months Ended
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Sep. 30, 2018
Investments [Abstract] |
Investments | Investments Fixed income securities The amortized cost, gross unrealized gains and losses, and fair value of investments in fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are shown in tables 7.1a and 7.1b below.
| Table | 7.1a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Details of fixed income securities by category - current year |  |  |  | September 30, 2018
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) (1) |  | Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies |  | $ | 179,395 |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | (3,353 | ) |  | $ | 176,216 |
| Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions |  | 1,738,417 |  |  | 17,797 |  |  | (21,608 | ) |  | 1,734,606 |
| Corporate debt securities |  | 2,296,218 |  |  | 1,152 |  |  | (42,305 | ) |  | 2,255,065 |
| Asset backed securities (“ABS”) |  | 71,481 |  |  | — |  |  | (546 | ) |  | 70,935 |
| Residential mortgage backed securities (“RMBS”) |  | 166,522 |  |  | 35 |  |  | (11,594 | ) |  | 154,963 |
| Commercial mortgage backed securities (“CMBS”) |  | 281,980 |  |  | 214 |  |  | (11,974 | ) |  | 270,220 |
| Collateralized loan obligations (“CLO”) |  | 307,998 |  |  | 67 |  |  | (458 | ) |  | 307,607 |
| Total fixed income securities |  | 5,042,011 |  |  | 19,439 |  |  | (91,838 | ) |  | 4,969,612 |
| Table | 7.1b |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Details of fixed income securities by category - prior year-end |  |  |  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Gross Unrealized Gains |  | Gross Unrealized (Losses) (1) |  | Fair Value
U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies |  | $ | 179,850 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | (1,278 | ) |  | $ | 178,846 |
| Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions |  | 2,105,063 |  |  | 56,210 |  |  | (8,749 | ) |  | 2,152,524 |
| Corporate debt securities |  | 2,065,475 |  |  | 10,532 |  |  | (9,169 | ) |  | 2,066,838 |
| ABS |  | 4,925 |  |  | — |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 4,923 |
| RMBS |  | 189,153 |  |  | 60 |  |  | (7,364 | ) |  | 181,849 |
| CMBS |  | 301,014 |  |  | 1,204 |  |  | (4,906 | ) |  | 297,312 |
| CLOs |  | 100,798 |  |  | 304 |  |  | (79 | ) |  | 101,023 |
| Total fixed income securities |  | 4,946,278 |  |  | 68,584 |  |  | (31,547 | ) |  | 4,983,315 |
(1) | At September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, there were no other-than-temporary impairment losses recorded in other comprehensive income.
We had $13.4 million and $13.6 million of investments at fair value on deposit with various states as of September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively, due to regulatory requirements of those state insurance departments. The amortized cost and fair values of fixed income securities at September 30, 2018, by contractual maturity, are shown in table 7.2 below. Expected maturities will differ from contractual maturities because borrowers may have the right to call or prepay obligations with or without call or prepayment penalties. Because most ABS, RMBS, CMBS, and CLOs provide for periodic payments throughout their lives, they are listed in separate categories.
| Table | 7.2 |  |  |  |
Fixed income securities maturity schedule |  |  | September 30, 2018
(In thousands) |  | Amortized Cost |  | Fair Value
| Due in one year or less |  | $ | 511,087 |  |  | $ | 509,952 |
| Due after one year through five years |  | 1,552,123 |  |  | 1,526,802 |
| Due after five years through ten years |  | 940,185 |  |  | 918,757 |
| Due after ten years |  | 1,210,635 |  |  | 1,210,376 |
|  |  | $ | 4,214,030 |  |  | $ | 4,165,887 |
| ABS |  | 71,481 |  |  | 70,935 |
| RMBS |  | 166,522 |  |  | 154,963 |
| CMBS |  | 281,980 |  |  | 270,220 |
| CLOs |  | 307,998 |  |  | 307,607 |
| Total as of September 30, 2018 |  | $ | 5,042,011 |  |  | $ | 4,969,612 |
Proceeds from sales of fixed income securities classified as available-for-sale were $338.9 million and $233.2 million during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. Gross gains of $0.4 million and $0.9 million and gross losses of $3.3 million and $1.1 million were realized on those sales during the nine months ended September 30, 2018 and 2017, respectively. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recorded other-than-temporary impairment (“OTTI”) losses of $0.5 million and $1.8 million, respectively, due to our intent to sell certain investments. During each of the three and nine months ended September 30, 2017, there were no OTTI losses recognized. Equity securities The cost and fair value of investments in equity securities at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 are shown in tables 7.3a and 7.3b below. As described in Note 2 - “New Accounting Pronouncements,” under updated guidance regarding the “Recognition and Measurement of Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” which became effective on January 1, 2018, the amount of our FHLB stock investment has been reclassified and presented in “Other invested assets” on our consolidated balance sheet as of September 30, 2018.
| Table | 7.3a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Details of equity security investments - current year |  |  |  | September 30, 2018
(In thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gross Gains |  | Gross Losses |  | Fair Value
Equity securities |  | $ | 4,134 |  |  | $ | 3,667 |  |  | $ | (81 | ) |  | $ | 7,720 |
| Table | 7.3b |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Details of equity security investments - prior year-end |  |  |  | December 31, 2017
(In thousands) |  | Cost |  | Gross Gains |  | Gross Losses |  | Fair Value
Equity securities |  | $ | 7,223 |  |  | $ | 39 |  |  | $ | (16 | ) |  | $ | 7,246 |
For the nine months ended September 30, 2018, we recognized $3.6 million of net gains on equity securities still held as of September 30, 2018. The net gains reflect the fair value increase in certain equity securities of a privately held entity that were re-valued in the third quarter by independent parties and subsequently sold in a transaction completed in October 2018. The net gains are reported in Net realized investment gains (losses) on our consolidated statement of operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. Other invested assets Other invested assets include an investment in FHLB stock that is carried at cost, which due to its nature approximates fair value. Ownership of FHLB stock provides access to a secured lending facility, and our current FHLB Advance amount is secured by eligible collateral whose fair value is maintained at a minimum of 102% of the outstanding principal balance. As of September 30, 2018, that collateral consisted of fixed income securities included in our total investment portfolio, and cash and cash equivalents, with a total fair value of $166.1 million. Unrealized investment losses Tables 7.4a and 7.4b below summarize, for all available-for-sale investments in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, the aggregate fair value and gross unrealized loss by the length of time those securities have been continuously in an unrealized loss position. The fair value amounts reported in tables 7.4a and 7.4b are estimated using the process described in Note 8 - “Fair Value Measurements” to these consolidated financial statements and in Note 3 - “Significant Accounting Policies” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements in our 2017 Annual Report on Form 10-K.
| Table | 7.4a |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments unrealized losses - current year |  |  |  | September 30, 2018
|  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
| U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies |  | $ | 89,759 |  |  | $ | (583 | ) |  | $ | 78,769 |  |  | $ | (2,770 | ) |  | $ | 168,528 |  |  | $ | (3,353 | )
| Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions |  | 643,147 |  |  | (12,356 | ) |  | 245,763 |  |  | (9,252 | ) |  | 888,910 |  |  | (21,608 | )
| Corporate debt securities |  | 1,782,640 |  |  | (29,184 | ) |  | 299,549 |  |  | (13,121 | ) |  | 2,082,189 |  |  | (42,305 | )
| ABS |  | 70,935 |  |  | (546 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 70,935 |  |  | (546 | )
| RMBS |  | 4,930 |  |  | (183 | ) |  | 149,648 |  |  | (11,411 | ) |  | 154,578 |  |  | (11,594 | )
| CMBS |  | 81,972 |  |  | (1,763 | ) |  | 160,039 |  |  | (10,211 | ) |  | 242,011 |  |  | (11,974 | )
| CLOs |  | 201,700 |  |  | (458 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 201,700 |  |  | (458 | )
| Total |  | $ | 2,875,083 |  |  | $ | (45,073 | ) |  | $ | 933,768 |  |  | $ | (46,765 | ) |  | $ | 3,808,851 |  |  | $ | (91,838 | )
| Table | 7.4b |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments unrealized losses - prior year-end |  |  |  | December 31, 2017
|  |  | Less Than 12 Months |  | 12 Months or Greater |  | Total
(In thousands) |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses |  | Fair Value |  | Unrealized Losses
| U.S. Treasury securities and obligations of U.S. government corporations and agencies |  | $ | 144,042 |  |  | $ | (796 | ) |  | $ | 31,196 |  |  | $ | (482 | ) |  | $ | 175,238 |  |  | $ | (1,278 | )
| Obligations of U.S. states and political subdivisions |  | 505,311 |  |  | (3,624 | ) |  | 211,684 |  |  | (5,125 | ) |  | 716,995 |  |  | (8,749 | )
| Corporate debt securities |  | 932,350 |  |  | (4,288 | ) |  | 200,716 |  |  | (4,881 | ) |  | 1,133,066 |  |  | (9,169 | )
| ABS |  | 4,923 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 4,923 |  |  | (2 | )
| RMBS |  | 14,979 |  |  | (280 | ) |  | 166,329 |  |  | (7,084 | ) |  | 181,308 |  |  | (7,364 | )
| CMBS |  | 51,096 |  |  | (358 | ) |  | 138,769 |  |  | (4,548 | ) |  | 189,865 |  |  | (4,906 | )
| CLOs |  | 14,243 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | 3,568 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | 17,811 |  |  | (79 | )
| Equity securities |  | 226 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | 431 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | 657 |  |  | (16 | )
| Total |  | $ | 1,667,170 |  |  | $ | (9,357 | ) |  | $ | 752,693 |  |  | $ | (22,206 | ) |  | $ | 2,419,863 |  |  | $ | (31,563 | )
The unrealized losses in all categories of our investments at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017 were primarily caused by changes in interest rates between the time of purchase and the respective fair value measurement date. There were 810 and 586 securities in an unrealized loss position at September 30, 2018 and December 31, 2017, respectively.

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