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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2023
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Summary of Tax Expenses

Income taxes are summarized as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

 

(in millions)

 

Current:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

$

55.4

 

 

$

132.3

 

 

$

244.3

 

State

 

 

2.8

 

 

 

18.5

 

 

 

36.8

 

Foreign

 

 

11.6

 

 

 

18.3

 

 

 

19.6

 

 

 

69.8

 

 

 

169.1

 

 

 

300.7

 

Deferred:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Federal

 

 

(8.6

)

 

 

(80.3

)

 

 

64.8

 

State

 

 

(10.9

)

 

 

(25.2

)

 

 

24.0

 

Foreign

 

 

8.6

 

 

 

(3.2

)

 

 

2.7

 

 

 

(10.9

)

 

 

(108.7

)

 

 

91.5

 

 

$

58.9

 

 

$

60.4

 

 

$

392.2

 

 

Schedule of Effective Income Tax Rate Reconciliation

The Company’s actual income tax expense differs from the expense computed by applying the federal income tax rate of 21% for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021. A reconciliation of these differences is as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

 

(dollars in millions)

 

Taxes calculated at federal rate

 

$

57.6

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

68.4

 

 

 

21.0

%

 

$

344.7

 

 

 

21.0

%

State taxes, net of federal benefit

 

 

(6.4

)

 

 

(2.3

)

 

 

(5.3

)

 

 

(1.5

)

 

 

48.0

 

 

 

2.9

 

Change in liability for tax positions

 

 

10.7

 

 

 

3.9

 

 

 

(0.8

)

 

 

(0.3

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

Foreign income taxed at different rates

 

 

9.5

 

 

 

3.5

 

 

 

2.1

 

 

 

0.6

 

 

 

1.8

 

 

 

0.1

 

Unremitted foreign earnings

 

 

1.2

 

 

 

0.4

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

1.0

 

 

 

0.1

 

Federal tax credits

 

 

(17.3

)

 

 

(6.3

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

7.7

 

 

 

2.8

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Other items, net

 

 

(4.1

)

 

 

(1.5

)

 

 

(4.0

)

 

 

(1.1

)

 

 

(3.3

)

 

 

(0.2

)

 

$

58.9

 

 

 

21.5

%

 

$

60.4

 

 

 

18.7

%

 

$

392.2

 

 

 

23.9

%

 

Net Deferred Tax (Liability) Assets

The primary components of temporary differences that give rise to the Company’s net deferred tax liability are as follows:

 

 

December 31,

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

(in millions)

 

Deferred tax assets:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Deferred revenue

 

$

8.6

 

 

$

8.3

 

Employee benefits

 

 

101.1

 

 

 

99.8

 

Bad debt reserves

 

 

8.7

 

 

 

11.8

 

Pension

 

 

13.3

 

 

 

12.6

 

Net operating loss carryforward

 

 

21.8

 

 

 

28.6

 

Foreign tax credit

 

 

3.8

 

 

 

4.7

 

Operating lease liabilities

 

 

52.3

 

 

 

58.6

 

Investments in affiliates

 

 

13.9

 

 

 

 

Securities

 

 

189.7

 

 

 

264.1

 

Other

 

 

12.2

 

 

 

11.2

 

 

 

425.4

 

 

 

499.7

 

Valuation allowance

 

 

(13.7

)

 

 

(7.4

)

 

 

411.7

 

 

 

492.3

 

Deferred tax liabilities:

 

 

 

 

 

 

Depreciable and amortizable assets

 

 

275.8

 

 

 

282.2

 

Claims and related salvage

 

 

88.5

 

 

 

81.6

 

Investments in affiliates

 

 

 

 

 

25.8

 

Operating lease assets

 

 

47.7

 

 

 

52.8

 

Unremitted foreign earnings

 

 

13.2

 

 

 

11.7

 

 

 

425.2

 

 

 

454.1

 

Net deferred tax (liability) asset

 

$

(13.5

)

 

$

38.2

 

Changes in Unrecognized Tax Benefits

A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amounts of unrecognized tax benefits for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 is as follows:

 

 

Year ended December 31,

 

 

2023

 

 

2022

 

 

2021

 

 

(in millions)

 

Unrecognized tax benefits—beginning balance

 

$

3.2

 

 

$

7.9

 

 

$

7.2

 

Gross increases (decreases)—prior period tax
   positions

 

 

8.4

 

 

 

(0.2

)

 

 

 

Gross increases—current period tax positions

 

 

5.2

 

 

 

0.8

 

 

 

0.7

 

Settlements with taxing authorities

 

 

(4.4

)

 

 

(5.3

)

 

 

 

Unrecognized tax benefits—ending balance

 

$

12.4

 

 

$

3.2

 

 

$

7.9