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Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Apr. 30, 2014
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies [Abstract] |
Summary Of Significant Accounting Policies | NATURE OF OPERATIONS – Our operating subsidiaries provide assisted income tax return preparation, digital do-it-yourself (DIY) tax solutions and other services and products related to income tax return preparation to the general public primarily in the United States (U.S.) and its territories, Canada and Australia. We also offer retail banking services in the U.S. through H&R Block Bank (HRB Bank), a federal savings bank. PRINCIPLES OF CONSOLIDATION – The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and our 100% owned subsidiaries. Intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. Some of our subsidiaries operate in regulated industries and their underlying accounting records reflect the policies and requirements of these industries. DISCONTINUED OPERATIONS – In fiscal year 2012, we sold RSM McGladrey, Inc. (RSM) and McGladrey Capital Markets LLC (MCM). All periods presented in the consolidated statements of income reflect the results of these operations as discontinued operations. Our results of discontinued operations in fiscal year 2012 include revenues of $417.2 million from RSM and related businesses and a net loss on the sale of RSM and MCM of $48.1 million. Our discontinued operations also include the results of operations of Sand Canyon Corporation, previously known as Option One Mortgage Corporation (including its subsidiaries, collectively, SCC), which exited its mortgage business in fiscal year 2008. See notes 17 and 18 additional information on litigation, claims and other loss contingencies related to our discontinued operations. MANAGEMENT ESTIMATES – The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the U. S. (GAAP) requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting periods. Significant estimates, assumptions and judgments are applied in the evaluation of contingent losses arising from our discontinued mortgage business, contingent losses associated with pending claims and litigation, valuation allowances on deferred tax assets, reserves for uncertain tax positions and related matters. Estimates have been prepared based on the best information available as of each balance sheet date. As such, actual results could differ materially from those estimates. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – All non-restricted highly liquid instruments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less are considered to be cash equivalents. Outstanding checks in excess of funds on deposit (book overdrafts) included in accounts payable totaled $38.3 million and $35.6 million as of April 30, 2014 and 2013, respectively. CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS – RESTRICTED – Cash and cash equivalents – restricted consists primarily of cash held by HRB Bank required for regulatory compliance and cash held by our captive insurance subsidiary that is expected to be used to pay claims. RECEIVABLES AND RELATED ALLOWANCES – Our trade receivables consist primarily of accounts receivable from tax clients for tax return preparation. The allowance for doubtful accounts for these receivables requires management's judgment regarding collectibility and current economic conditions to establish an amount considered by management to be adequate to cover estimated losses as of the balance sheet date. Receivables from tax clients for tax return preparation are not specifically identified and charged off; instead they are evaluated on a pooled basis. At the end of each tax season the outstanding balances on these receivables are evaluated based on collections received and expected collections over subsequent tax seasons. Our financing receivables consist primarily of mortgage loans held for investment, H&R Block Emerald Advance® lines of Credit (EAs), loans made to franchisees, and amounts due under our refund discount program in Canada (Cash Back®). H&R Block Emerald Advance® lines of credit. EAs are typically offered to clients in our offices from late November through mid-January, currently in an amount not to exceed $1,000. If the borrower meets certain criteria as agreed in the loan terms, the line of credit can be increased and utilized year-round. These lines of credit are offered by HRB Bank. EA balances require an annual paydown on February 15 th, and any amounts unpaid are placed on non-accrual status as of March 1 st. Payments on past due amounts are applied to principal. These receivables are not specifically identified; instead we review the credit quality of these receivables on a pooled basis, segregated by the year of origination. We determine our allowance for these receivables based on a review of receipts taking into consideration historical experience. Bad debt rates also consider whether the loan was made to a new or repeat client. At the end of each tax season, the outstanding balances on the past-due receivables are evaluated based on collections received and expected collections over subsequent tax seasons. We charge-off receivables to an amount we believe represents the net realizable value. Loans made to franchisees. The credit quality of these receivables is assessed at an individual franchisee level, taking into account the franchisee's credit score, the franchisee's payment history on existing loans and operational amounts due to us, the loan-to-value ratio and debt-to-income ratio. Credit scores, loan-to-value and debt-to-income ratios are obtained at the time of underwriting. Payment history is monitored on a regular basis. Based upon our internal analysis and underwriting activities, we believe all loans to franchisees are of similar credit quality. Loans are evaluated for collectibility when they become delinquent. Amounts deemed to be uncollectible are written off to bad debt expense and bad debt related to these loans has typically been immaterial. Additionally, the franchise territory serves as collateral for the loan. In the event the franchisee is unable to repay the loan, we revoke franchise rights, write off the remaining balance of the loan and refranchise the territory or begin operating it as company-owned. Cash Back® receivables. During the tax season, our Canadian operations advance refunds due to certain clients from the Canada Revenue Agency (CRA), in exchange for a fee. The total fee we charge for this service is mandated by legislation which is administered by the CRA. Interest is not charged on these balances, in accordance with CRA regulations. The client assigns to us the full amount of the tax refund to be issued by the CRA and the refund is then sent by the CRA directly to us. The amount we advance to clients under this program is the amount of their estimated refund, less our fees, any amounts expected to be withheld by the CRA for amounts the client may owe to government authorities and any amounts owed to us from prior years. The CRA's system for tracking amounts due to various government agencies also indicates if the client has already filed a return, does not exist in the CRA's records, or is bankrupt. This serves to greatly reduce the amounts of uncollectible receivables and the risk of fraudulent returns. We do not specifically identify these receivables; instead we determine our allowance for these receivables based on a review of receipts taking into consideration historical experience. In September of each fiscal year, any balances remaining from the previous tax season are charged-off against the related allowance. MORTGAGE LOANS HELD FOR INVESTMENT – Mortgage loans held for investment represent loans originated or acquired with the ability and current intent to hold to maturity. Loans held for investment are carried at amortized cost adjusted for charge-offs, net of allowance for loan losses, deferred fees or costs on originated loans and unamortized premiums or discounts on purchased loans. We record an allowance representing our estimate of credit losses inherent in the loan portfolio at the balance sheet date. A current assessment of the value of the loan's underlying collateral is made when the loan is no later than 60 days past due and any loan balance in excess of the collateral value less costs to sell the property, is included in the provision for credit losses. We evaluate mortgage loans less than 60 days past due on a pooled basis and record a loan loss allowance for those loans in the aggregate. We stratify these loans based on our view of risk associated with various elements of the pool and assign estimated loss rates based on those risks. Loss rates consider both the rate at which loans will become delinquent (frequency) and the amount of loss that will ultimately be realized upon occurrence of a liquidation of collateral (severity), and are primarily based on historical experience and our assessment of economic and market conditions. Loans are considered impaired when we believe it is probable we will be unable to collect all principal and interest due according to the contractual terms of the loan, or when the loan is 60 days past due. Impaired loans are reviewed individually and loss estimates are based on the fair value of the underlying collateral. For loans over 60 days but less than 180 days past due we record a loan loss allowance. For loans 180 days or more past due we charge-off the loan to the value of the collateral less costs to sell. We classify loans as non-accrual when full and timely collection of interest or principal becomes uncertain, or when they are 90 days past due. Interest previously accrued, but not collected, is reversed against current interest income when a loan is placed on non-accrual status. Accretion of deferred fees is discontinued for non-accrual loans. Payments received on non-accrual loans are recognized as interest income when the loan is considered collectible and applied to principal when it is doubtful that all contractual payments will be collected. Loans are not placed back on accrual status until collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured as a result of the borrower bringing the loan into compliance with the contractual terms of the loan. Prior to restoring a loan to accrual status, management considers a borrower's prospects for continuing future contractual payments. From time to time, as part of our loss mitigation process, we may agree to modify the contractual terms of a borrower's loan. We have developed loan modification programs designed to help borrowers refinance adjustable-rate mortgage loans prior to rate reset or who may otherwise have difficulty making their payments. In cases where we modify a loan and in so doing grant a concession to a borrower experiencing financial difficulty, the modification is considered a troubled debt restructuring (TDR). We may consider the borrower's payment status and history, the borrower's ability to pay upon a rate reset on an adjustable-rate mortgage, the size of the payment increase upon a rate reset, the period of time remaining prior to the rate reset, and other relevant factors in determining whether a borrower is experiencing financial difficulty. A borrower who is current may be deemed to be experiencing financial difficulty in instances where the evidence suggests an inability to pay based on the original terms of the loan after the interest rate reset and that, in the absence of a modification, may default on the loan. We evaluate whether the modification represents a concession we would not otherwise consider, such as a lower interest rate than what a new borrower of similar credit risk would be offered. A loan modified in a TDR, including a loan that was current at the time of modification, is placed on non-accrual status until we determine future collection of principal and interest is reasonably assured, which generally requires the borrower to demonstrate a period of performance according to the restructured terms. At the time of the modification, we record impairment for TDR loans equal to the difference between the principal balance of the loan and the present value of expected future cash flows discounted at the loan's effective interest rate. However, if we later assess that foreclosure of a modified loan is probable, we record an impairment based on the estimated fair value (typically appraised value less costs to sell) of the underlying collateral. INVESTMENTS – Our investments in marketable securities are classified as available-for-sale (AFS) and are reported at fair value. Unrealized gains and losses are calculated using the specific identification method and reported, net of applicable taxes, as a component of accumulated other comprehensive income. Realized gains and losses on the sale of these securities are determined using the specific identification method. We monitor our AFS investment portfolio for impairment and consider many factors in determining whether the impairment is deemed to be other-than-temporary. These factors include, but are not limited to, the length of time the security has had a market value less than the cost basis, the severity of loss, our intent to sell (including regulatory or contractual requirements to sell), recent events specific to the issuer or industry, external credit ratings and recent downgrades in such ratings. For investments in mortgage-backed securities, amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts are recognized in interest income using the interest method, adjusted for anticipated prepayments where applicable. We update our estimates of expected cash flows periodically and recognize changes in calculated effective yields as appropriate. PROPERTY AND EQUIPMENT – Buildings and equipment are initially recorded at cost and are depreciated over the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight-line method. Leasehold improvements are initially recorded at cost and are amortized over the lesser of the remaining term of the respective lease or the estimated useful life, using the straight-line method. Estimated useful lives are 15 to 40 years for buildings, three to five years for computers and other equipment, three years for purchased software and up to eight years for leasehold improvements. Substantially all of the operations of our subsidiaries are conducted in leased premises. For all lease agreements, including those with escalating rent payments or rent holidays, we recognize rent expense on a straight-line basis. GOODWILL AND INTANGIBLE ASSETS – Goodwill represents costs in excess of fair values assigned to the underlying net assets of acquired businesses. Goodwill is not amortized, but rather is tested for impairment annually, or more frequently if indications of potential impairment exist. Impairment testing compares the carrying amount of the reporting unit, including goodwill, with its fair value. Fair value is estimated based on discounted cash flows and comparable market information. If the carrying amount of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value, an impairment charge may be indicated. Intangible assets with finite lives are amortized over their estimated useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that their carrying amount may not be recoverable. The weighted-average life of intangible assets with finite lives is 24 years. Intangible assets are typically amortized over the estimated useful life of the assets using the straight-line method. An impairment loss would be indicated when estimated undiscounted future cash flows from the use of the asset are less than its carrying amount. An impairment loss would be measured as the difference between the fair value (based on discounted future cash flows) and the carrying amount of the asset. We capitalize certain allowable costs associated with software developed for internal use. These costs are typically amortized over three to five years using the straight-line method. TREASURY SHARES – We record shares of common stock repurchased by us as treasury shares, at cost, resulting in a reduction of stockholders' equity. Periodically, we may retire shares held in treasury as determined by our Board of Directors. We reissue treasury shares as part of our stock-based compensation programs or for acquisitions. When shares are reissued, we determine the cost using the average cost method. REVENUE RECOGNITION – Service revenues consist primarily of fees for preparation and filing of tax returns, both in offices and through our online programs, fees associated with our Peace of Mind® (POM) guarantee program and interchange income associated with our H&R Block Prepaid Emerald MasterCard® program. Service revenues are recognized in the period in which the service is performed as follows:
▪ | Assisted and online tax preparation revenues are recorded when a completed return is electronically filed or accepted by the customer.
▪ | POM revenues are deferred and recognized over the term of the guarantee, based on actual claims paid in relation to projected claims.
▪ | Revenues associated with our H&R Block Prepaid Emerald MasterCard® program consist of interchange income from the use of debit cards and fees from the use of ATM networks. Interchange income is a fee paid by a merchant bank to the card-issuing bank through the interchange network, and is recognized based on cardholder transactions.
Royalty, product and other revenues include royalties from franchisees and sales of software products, and are recognized as follows:
▪ | Upon granting of a franchise, franchisees pay a refundable deposit generally in the amount of $2,500, but pay no initial franchise fee. We record the payment as a deposit liability and recognize no revenue in connection with the initial granting of a franchise. Franchise royalties, which are based on contractual percentages of franchise revenues, are recorded in the period in which the franchise provides the service.
▪ | Revenue from the sale of software is recognized when the product is sold to the end user. Rebates, slotting fees and other incentives paid in connection with these sales are recorded as a reduction of revenue.
Interest income consists primarily of interest earned on EAs and mortgage loans held for investment and is recognized as follows:
▪ | Interest income on EAs and loans to franchisees is calculated using the average daily balance method and is recognized based on the principal amount outstanding until the outstanding balance is paid or becomes delinquent.
▪ | Interest income on mortgage loans held for investment includes deferred origination fees and costs and purchase discounts and premiums, which are amortized to income over the life of the loan using the interest method.
▪ | Loan commitment fees, net of related expenses, are initially deferred and recognized as revenue over the commitment period.
Sales tax we collect and remit to taxing authorities is recorded net in the consolidated statements of income and is included in other cost of revenues. ADVERTISING EXPENSE – Advertising costs for radio and television ads are expensed the first time the advertisement takes place, with print and mailing advertising expensed as incurred. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS – We have a 401(k) defined contribution plan covering eligible full-time and seasonal employees following the completion of an eligibility period. Contributions to this plan are discretionary and totaled $11.8 million, $11.3 million and $12.8 million for continuing operations in fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. We have severance plans covering executives and eligible regular full-time or part-time active employees of a participating employer who incur a qualifying termination. Expenses related to severance benefits of continuing operations totaled $5.2 million, $4.8 million and $32.5 million in fiscal years 2014, 2013 and 2012, respectively. FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION – Our international subsidiaries generally consider their local currency to be their functional currency. Revenues and expenses of our foreign operations are translated at the average exchange rates in effect during the fiscal year. Assets and liabilities of foreign subsidiaries are translated into U.S. dollars at exchange rates prevailing at the end of the year and the differences from historical exchange rates are reflected as a separate component of other comprehensive income in stockholders' equity. Translation adjustments on amounts outstanding under intercompany borrowings, resulted in foreign currency losses of $18.2 million in fiscal year 2014, compared to gains of $0.2 million and losses of $0.4 million in fiscal years 2013 and 2012, respectively, for continuing operations. NEW ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS – In May 2014, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2014-09, "Revenue from Contracts with Customers," (ASU 2014-09) which requires an entity to recognize the amount of revenue to which it expects to be entitled for the transfer of promised goods or services to customers. This guidance will replace most existing revenue recognition guidance in U.S. GAAP when it becomes effective. The new standard is effective for us on May 1, 2017. Early application is not permitted. The standard permits the use of either the retrospective or cumulative effect transition method. We are evaluating the effect that ASU 2014-09 will have on our consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. We have not yet selected a transition method nor have we determined the effect of the standard on our ongoing financial reporting. In February 2013, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2013-02, "Reporting of Amounts Reclassified Out of Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income" (ASU 2013-02). This update requires disclosure of amounts reclassified out of accumulated other comprehensive income by component. We adopted ASU 2013-02 on May 1, 2013 and the required disclosures are included in note 12.

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