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Stock-Based Compensation (Tables)
9 Months Ended
Sep. 30, 2023
Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Expense The following table summarizes the Company’s stock-based compensation expense (in thousands):
 
    
Three Months Ended
September 30,
    
Nine Months Ended
September 30,
 
    
2023
    
2022
    
2023
    
2022
 
Stock appreciation rights
   $ 248      $ 196      $ 660      $ 547  
Time-based restricted stock and restricted stock units
     1,098        1,012        2,904        2,818  
Performance-based restricted stock and restricted stock units
     1,425        (1,012      3,470        (5
Employee stock purchase plan
     50        52        350        171  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Total stock-based compensation
   $ 2,821      $ 248      $ 7,384      $ 3,531  
  
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
    
 
 
 
Summary of Assumptions Used to Estimate Fair Value of Each SAR
The fair value of each SAR is estimated on the date of grant using a Black-Scholes option-pricing formula. For SARs issued in the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and September 30, 2022, the data and assumptions shown in the following table were used:
 
    
Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2023
   
Nine Months Ended

September 30, 2022
 
Weighted-average fair value of grants
   $ 27.19     $ 33.9  
Dividend yield
     0     0
Average risk-free interest rate
     4.0     1.9
Expected term (years)
     5       5  
Expected volatility
     49.50     44.85
Summary of Stock-Based Compensation Grants
The following table summarizes the Company’s stock-based compensation grants for the nine months ended September 30, 2023:
 
    
Stock Awards Granted
    
Weighted-Average

Grant Price

Per Share
 
Time-based restricted stock units
     91,742      $ 58.67  
Performance-based restricted stock units (a)
     96,103      $ 56.79  
Stock appreciation rights
     51,916      $ 56.80  
 
(a)
Includes 85,044 of target performance-based restricted stock unit awards granted during the nine months ended September 30, 2023, and adjustments of 1,413 and 9,646 to grants due to the actual performance level achieved for restricted stock and restricted stock units awarded in 2021 and 2020, respectively.