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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
___________________________________
FORM 10-Q
___________________________________
☒ QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the quarterly period ended February 28, 2025
OR
☐ TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the transition period from to
Commission file number 1-4304
___________________________________
COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY
(Exact Name of Registrant as Specified in Its Charter)

Delaware | 75-0725338
(State or Other Jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number)

6565 N. MacArthur Blvd., Irving, Texas 75039
(Address of Principal Executive Offices) (Zip Code)
(214) 689-4300
(Registrant's Telephone Number, Including Area Code)
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of Each Class |  | Trading Symbol(s) |  | Name of Each Exchange on Which Registered
Common Stock, $0.01 par value |  | CMC |  | New York Stock Exchange

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the "Exchange Act") during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes x No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer," "smaller reporting company," and "emerging growth company" in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large accelerated filer | ☒ | Accelerated filer | ☐
Non-accelerated filer | ☐ | Smaller reporting company | ☐
|  | Emerging growth company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act).
Yes ☐ No ☒
As of March 20, 2025, 113,000,577 shares of the registrant's common stock, par value $0.01 per share, were outstanding.

COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I — FINANCIAL INFORMATION | 3
Item 1. Financial Statements | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings (Loss) (Unaudited) - Three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 3
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) - Three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 4
Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) - February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024 | 5
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) - Six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 6
Condensed Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) - Three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 | 7
Notes to Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited) | 9
Note 1. Nature of Operations and Significant Accounting Policies | 9
Note 2. Changes in Business | 10
Note 3. Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 10
Note 4. Revenue Recognition | 11
Note 5. Inventories, Net | 11
Note 6. Goodwill and Other Intangibles | 12
Note 7. Credit Arrangements | 13
Note 8. Derivatives | 14
Note 9. Fair Value | 15
Note 10. Stock-Based Compensation Plans | 18
Note 11. Stockholders' Equity and Earnings (Loss) Per Share | 18
Note 12. Commitments and Contingencies | 19
Note 13. Segment Information | 20
Item 2. Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 22
Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 33
Item 4. Controls and Procedures | 33
PART II — OTHER INFORMATION | 34
Item 1. Legal Proceedings | 34
Item 1A. Risk Factors | 34
Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 35
Item 3. Defaults Upon Senior Securities | 35
Item 4. Mine Safety Disclosures | 35
Item 5. Other Information | 35
Item 6. Exhibits | 36
Signature | 37

2

Table of Contents
PART I. FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales |  | $ | 1,754,376 |  |  | $ | 1,848,287 |  |  | $ | 3,663,978 |  |  | $ | 3,851,338 |
Costs and operating expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of goods sold |  | 1,534,829 |  |  | 1,552,046 |  |  | 3,136,551 |  |  | 3,156,114 |
Selling, general and administrative expenses |  | 167,560 |  |  | 167,444 |  |  | 345,418 |  |  | 329,976 |
Interest expense |  | 11,167 |  |  | 11,878 |  |  | 22,489 |  |  | 23,634 |
Litigation expense |  | 4,720 |  |  | — |  |  | 354,720 |  |  | — |
Net costs and operating expenses |  | 1,718,276 |  |  | 1,731,368 |  |  | 3,859,178 |  |  | 3,509,724 |
Earnings (loss) before income taxes |  | 36,100 |  |  | 116,919 |  |  | (195,200) |  |  | 341,614 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 10,627 |  |  | 31,072 |  |  | (44,955) |  |  | 79,494 |
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 85,847 |  |  | $ | (150,245) |  |  | $ | 262,120 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  | $ | 2.25 |
Diluted |  | 0.22 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | (1.32) |  |  | 2.22 |
Average basic shares outstanding |  | 113,564,436 |  |  | 116,396,530 |  |  | 113,811,675 |  |  | 116,584,235 |
Average diluted shares outstanding |  | 114,510,293 |  |  | 117,524,113 |  |  | 113,811,675 |  |  | 118,051,249 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
3

Table of Contents

COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) (UNAUDITED)
|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 85,847 |  |  | $ | (150,245) |  |  | $ | 262,120 |
Other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Foreign currency translation adjustments |  | 2,653 |  |  | 1,341 |  |  | (32,304) |  |  | 24,834 |
Derivatives: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net unrealized holding gain (loss) |  | 22,695 |  |  | (47,924) |  |  | 23,115 |  |  | (90,869) |
Reclassification for realized gain |  | (2,472) |  |  | (189) |  |  | (3,828) |  |  | (1,688) |
Net unrealized gain (loss) on derivatives |  | 20,223 |  |  | (48,113) |  |  | 19,287 |  |  | (92,557) |
Net other comprehensive loss on defined benefit pension plan |  | (10) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (20) |  |  | (18) |
Total other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes |  | 22,866 |  |  | (46,781) |  |  | (13,037) |  |  | (67,741) |
Comprehensive income (loss) |  | $ | 48,339 |  |  | $ | 39,066 |  |  | $ | (163,282) |  |  | $ | 194,379 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (UNAUDITED)
(in thousands, except share and per share data) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Assets |  |  |  |
Current assets: |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 758,403 |  |  | $ | 857,922 |
Accounts receivable (less allowance for doubtful accounts of $3,787 and $3,494) |  | 1,088,141 |  |  | 1,158,946 |
Inventories, net |  | 978,279 |  |  | 971,755 |
Prepaid and other current assets |  | 302,077 |  |  | 285,489 |
Assets held for sale |  | 1,204 |  |  | 18,656 |
Total current assets |  | 3,128,104 |  |  | 3,292,768 |
Property, plant and equipment, net |  | 2,623,435 |  |  | 2,577,136 |
Intangible assets, net |  | 220,461 |  |  | 234,869 |
Goodwill |  | 383,822 |  |  | 385,630 |
Other noncurrent assets |  | 333,888 |  |  | 327,436 |
Total assets |  | $ | 6,689,710 |  |  | $ | 6,817,839 |
Liabilities and stockholders' equity |  |  |  |
Current liabilities: |  |  |  |
Accounts payable |  | $ | 328,989 |  |  | $ | 350,550 |
Accrued contingent litigation-related loss |  | 354,720 |  |  | — |
Other accrued expenses and payables |  | 385,375 |  |  | 445,514 |
Current maturities of long-term debt |  | 40,043 |  |  | 38,786 |
Total current liabilities |  | 1,109,127 |  |  | 834,850 |
Deferred income taxes |  | 185,958 |  |  | 276,908 |
Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 227,724 |  |  | 255,222 |
Long-term debt |  | 1,154,727 |  |  | 1,150,835 |
Total liabilities |  | 2,677,536 |  |  | 2,517,815 |
Commitments and contingencies (Note 12) |  |  |  |
Stockholders' equity: |  |  |  |
Common stock, par value $0.01 per share; authorized 200,000,000 shares; issued 129,060,664 shares; outstanding 113,260,850 and 114,104,057 shares |  | 1,290 |  |  | 1,290 |
Additional paid-in capital |  | 392,965 |  |  | 407,232 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss |  | (98,989) |  |  | (85,952) |
Retained earnings |  | 4,312,659 |  |  | 4,503,885 |
Less treasury stock 15,799,814 and 14,956,607 shares at cost |  | (595,999) |  |  | (526,679) |
Stockholders' equity |  | 4,011,926 |  |  | 4,299,776 |
Stockholders' equity attributable to non-controlling interests |  | 248 |  |  | 248 |
Total stockholders' equity |  | 4,012,174 |  |  | 4,300,024 |
Total liabilities and stockholders' equity |  | $ | 6,689,710 |  |  | $ | 6,817,839 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS (UNAUDITED)
|  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Cash flows from (used by) operating activities: |  |  |  |
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | (150,245) |  |  | $ | 262,120 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings (loss) to cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 141,021 |  |  | 137,485 |
Stock-based compensation |  | 18,270 |  |  | 23,047 |
Write-down of inventory |  | 15,735 |  |  | 10,392 |
Deferred income taxes and other long-term taxes |  | (95,090) |  |  | 1,901 |
Litigation expense |  | 354,720 |  |  | — |
Other |  | 2,325 |  |  | 2,225 |
Changes in operating assets and liabilities |  | (41,271) |  |  | (87,149) |
Net cash flows from operating activities |  | 245,465 |  |  | 350,021 |
Cash flows from (used by) investing activities: |  |  |  |
Capital expenditures |  | (204,454) |  |  | (160,772) |
Proceeds from government assistance related to property, plant and equipment |  | 25,000 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from the sale of property, plant and equipment |  | 5,270 |  |  | 389 |
Other |  | (960) |  |  | 1,923 |
Net cash flows used by investing activities |  | (175,144) |  |  | (158,460) |
Cash flows from (used by) financing activities: |  |  |  |
Repayments of long-term debt |  | (20,241) |  |  | (17,199) |
Debt issuance costs |  | (38) |  |  | — |
Proceeds from accounts receivable facilities |  | 13,303 |  |  | 38,079 |
Repayments under accounts receivable facilities |  | (13,303) |  |  | (45,693) |
Treasury stock acquired |  | (98,433) |  |  | (76,347) |
Tax withholdings related to share settlements, net of purchase plans |  | (10,256) |  |  | (9,227) |
Dividends |  | (40,981) |  |  | (37,374) |
Net cash flows used by financing activities |  | (169,949) |  |  | (147,761) |
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash |  | (501) |  |  | 380 |
Increase (decrease) in cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | (100,129) |  |  | 44,180 |
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |  | 859,555 |  |  | 595,717 |
Cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents at end of period |  | $ | 759,426 |  |  | $ | 639,897 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.

Supplemental information: |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Cash paid for income taxes |  | $ | 59,861 |  |  | $ | 86,506 |
Cash paid for interest |  | 25,277 |  |  | 24,260 |
Noncash activities: |  |  |  |
Liabilities related to additions of property, plant and equipment |  | $ | 15,637 |  |  | $ | 21,279 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for operating leases |  | 21,710 |  |  | 40,225 |
Right of use assets obtained in exchange for finance leases |  | 24,582 |  |  | 31,463 |
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 758,403 |  |  | $ | 638,261 |
Restricted cash |  | 1,023 |  |  | 1,636 |
Total cash, restricted cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 759,426 |  |  | $ | 639,897 |

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COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY (UNAUDITED)
| Three Months Ended February 28, 2025
| Common Stock |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | Number of Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | Retained Earnings | Number of Shares | Amount | Non-controlling Interest | Total
Balance, December 1, 2024 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 384,782 |  | $ | (121,855) |  | $ | 4,307,613 |  | (15,141,513) |  | $ | (556,781) |  | $ | 248 |  | $ | 4,015,297 |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  | 25,473 |  |  |  |  | 25,473 |
Other comprehensive income |  |  |  | 22,866 |  |  |  |  |  | 22,866 |
Dividends ($0.18 per share) |  |  |  |  | (20,427) |  |  |  |  | (20,427) |
Treasury stock acquired and excise tax |  |  |  |  |  | (906,603) |  | (48,363) |  |  | (48,363) |
Issuance of stock under incentive and purchase plans, net of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | 159 |  |  |  | 248,302 |  | 9,145 |  |  | 9,304 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 8,024 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 8,024 |
Balance, February 28, 2025 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 392,965 |  | $ | (98,989) |  | $ | 4,312,659 |  | (15,799,814) |  | $ | (595,999) |  | $ | 248 |  | $ | 4,012,174 |
| Six Months Ended February 28, 2025
| Common Stock |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | Number of Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Number of Shares | Amount | Non-controlling Interest | Total
Balance, September 1, 2024 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 407,232 |  | $ | (85,952) |  | $ | 4,503,885 |  | (14,956,607) |  | $ | (526,679) |  | $ | 248 |  | $ | 4,300,024 |
Net loss |  |  |  |  | (150,245) |  |  |  |  | (150,245) |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  | (13,037) |  |  |  |  |  | (13,037) |
Dividends ($0.36 per share) |  |  |  |  | (40,981) |  |  |  |  | (40,981) |
Treasury stock acquired and excise tax |  |  |  |  |  | (1,826,084) |  | (98,892) |  |  | (98,892) |
Issuance of stock under incentive and purchase plans, net of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (39,828) |  |  |  | 982,877 |  | 29,572 |  |  | (10,256) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 15,652 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 15,652 |
Reclassification of share-based liability awards |  |  | 9,909 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,909 |
Balance, February 28, 2025 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 392,965 |  | $ | (98,989) |  | $ | 4,312,659 |  | (15,799,814) |  | $ | (595,999) |  | $ | 248 |  | $ | 4,012,174 |

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| Three Months Ended February 29, 2024
| Common Stock |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | Number of Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Number of Shares | Amount | Non-controlling Interest | Total
Balance, December 1, 2023 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 377,533 |  | $ | (24,738) |  | $ | 4,254,787 |  | (12,352,440) |  | $ | (379,136) |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 4,229,977 |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  | 85,847 |  |  |  |  | 85,847 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  | (46,781) |  |  |  |  |  | (46,781) |
Dividends ($0.16 per share) |  |  |  |  | (18,626) |  |  |  |  | (18,626) |
Treasury stock acquired |  |  |  |  |  | (945,205) |  | (47,939) |  |  | (47,939) |
Issuance of stock under incentive and purchase plans, net of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | 2,133 |  |  |  | 260,666 |  | 8,175 |  |  | 10,308 |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 9,902 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 9,902 |
Balance, February 29, 2024 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 389,568 |  | $ | (71,519) |  | $ | 4,322,008 |  | (13,036,979) |  | $ | (418,900) |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 4,222,688 |
| Six Months Ended February 29, 2024
| Common Stock |  |  |  | Treasury Stock |  |
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | Number of Shares | Amount | Additional Paid-In Capital | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss | Retained Earnings | Number of Shares | Amount | Non-controlling Interest | Total
Balance, September 1, 2023 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 394,672 |  | $ | (3,778) |  | $ | 4,097,262 |  | (12,545,237) |  | $ | (368,573) |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 4,121,114 |
Net earnings |  |  |  |  | 262,120 |  |  |  |  | 262,120 |
Other comprehensive loss |  |  |  | (67,741) |  |  |  |  |  | (67,741) |
Dividends ($0.32 per share) |  |  |  |  | (37,374) |  |  |  |  | (37,374) |
Treasury stock acquired |  |  |  |  |  | (1,566,848) |  | (76,347) |  |  | (76,347) |
Issuance of stock under incentive and purchase plans, net of shares withheld for taxes |  |  | (35,247) |  |  |  | 1,075,106 |  | 26,020 |  |  | (9,227) |
Stock-based compensation |  |  | 18,942 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 18,942 |
Reclassification of share-based liability awards |  |  | 11,201 |  |  |  |  |  |  | 11,201 |
Balance, February 29, 2024 | 129,060,664 |  | $ | 1,290 |  | $ | 389,568 |  | $ | (71,519) |  | $ | 4,322,008 |  | (13,036,979) |  | $ | (418,900) |  | $ | 241 |  | $ | 4,222,688 |

See notes to condensed consolidated financial statements.
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COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS (UNAUDITED)
NOTE 1. NATURE OF OPERATIONS AND SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
Basis of Presentation
The accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated financial statements have been prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States ("GAAP") on a basis consistent with that used in the Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K") filed by Commercial Metals Company ("CMC," and together with its consolidated subsidiaries, the "Company") with the United States ("U.S.") Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") and include all normal recurring adjustments necessary to present fairly the condensed consolidated balance sheets and the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss), comprehensive income (loss), cash flows and stockholders' equity for the periods indicated. These notes should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and notes included in the 2024 Form 10-K. The results of operations for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025 are not necessarily indicative of the results expected for the full fiscal year. Any reference in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2025 ("Form 10-Q") to the "corresponding period" relates to the relevant three or six months ended February 29, 2024. Any reference in this Form 10-Q to a year refers to the fiscal year ended August 31st of that year, unless otherwise stated.
Nature of Operations
CMC is an innovative solutions provider helping build a stronger, safer and more sustainable world. Through an extensive manufacturing network principally located in the U.S. and Central Europe, CMC offers products and technologies to meet the critical reinforcement needs of the global construction sector. CMC’s solutions support early-stage construction across a wide variety of applications, including infrastructure, non-residential, residential, industrial and energy generation and transmission.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
In November 2024, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2024-03, Income Statement - Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures (Subtopic 220-40): Disaggregation of Income Statement Expenses ("ASU 2024-03"). ASU 2024-03 requires disaggregated income statement expense disclosures related to functional or natural expense line items within continuing operations. ASU 2024-03 is effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2026, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2027, and requires either prospective or retrospective adoption. Early adoption is permitted. The Company is evaluating the impact of this guidance on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures.
Government Assistance
During the six months ended February 28, 2025, government assistance of $48.1 million, compared to $66.3 million in the corresponding period, was awarded to the Company from a compensation scheme established by the Energy Regulatory Office in Poland, and a program established by the Polish Ministry of Development and Technology. The grants were recognized in the Europe Steel Group segment and recorded as reductions to cost of goods sold in the Company's consolidated statements of earnings. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information.
During 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with the West Virginia Economic Development Authority to permanently finance a portion of the costs to construct the Company's fourth micro mill, which is under development in Berkeley County, West Virginia. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, the Company received $25.0 million as a result of meeting certain investment thresholds. Amounts received were recognized in the North America Steel Group segment and reduced property, plant and equipment, net, in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of February 28, 2025. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information.
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NOTE 2. CHANGES IN BUSINESS
On November 22, 2024, the Company completed the sale of a rebar fabrication facility within the North America Steel Group segment for gross consideration of $5.9 million, which consisted of $5.0 million in cash proceeds and $0.9 million in the form of a seller financing receivable. The sale resulted in an immaterial impact to selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss) during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025.
NOTE 3. ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS
The following tables reflect the changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss ("AOCL"):

|  | Three Months Ended February 28, 2025
(in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Total AOCL
Balance, December 1, 2024 |  | $ | (111,811) |  |  | $ | 2,678 |  |  | $ | (12,722) |  |  | $ | (121,855) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(1) |  | 2,653 |  |  | 22,695 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 25,338 |
Reclassification for gain(2) |  | — |  |  | (2,472) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,472) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 2,653 |  |  | 20,223 |  |  | (10) |  |  | 22,866 |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | $ | (109,158) |  |  | $ | 22,901 |  |  | $ | (12,732) |  |  | $ | (98,989) |
|  | Six Months Ended February 28, 2025
(in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Total AOCL
Balance, September 1, 2024 |  | $ | (76,854) |  |  | $ | 3,614 |  |  | $ | (12,712) |  |  | $ | (85,952) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(1) |  | (32,304) |  |  | 23,115 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (9,209) |
Reclassification for gain(2) |  | — |  |  | (3,828) |  |  | — |  |  | (3,828) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | (32,304) |  |  | 19,287 |  |  | (20) |  |  | (13,037) |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | $ | (109,158) |  |  | $ | 22,901 |  |  | $ | (12,732) |  |  | $ | (98,989) |

|  | Three Months Ended February 29, 2024
(in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Total AOCL
Balance, December 1, 2023 |  | $ | (102,552) |  |  | $ | 90,813 |  |  | $ | (12,999) |  |  | $ | (24,738) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(1) |  | 1,341 |  |  | (47,924) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (46,592) |
Reclassification for gain(2) |  | — |  |  | (189) |  |  | — |  |  | (189) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 1,341 |  |  | (48,113) |  |  | (9) |  |  | (46,781) |
Balance, February 29, 2024 |  | $ | (101,211) |  |  | $ | 42,700 |  |  | $ | (13,008) |  |  | $ | (71,519) |
|  | Six Months Ended February 29, 2024
(in thousands) |  | Foreign Currency Translation |  | Derivatives |  | Defined Benefit Pension Plans |  | Total AOCL
Balance, September 1, 2023 |  | $ | (126,045) |  |  | $ | 135,257 |  |  | $ | (12,990) |  |  | $ | (3,778) |
Other comprehensive income (loss) before reclassifications(1) |  | 24,834 |  |  | (90,869) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (66,053) |
Reclassification for gain(2) |  | — |  |  | (1,688) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,688) |
Net other comprehensive income (loss) |  | 24,834 |  |  | (92,557) |  |  | (18) |  |  | (67,741) |
Balance, February 29, 2024 |  | $ | (101,211) |  |  | $ | 42,700 |  |  | $ | (13,008) |  |  | $ | (71,519) |

__________________________________
(1) Other comprehensive income (loss) ("OCI") before reclassifications from derivatives is presented net of an income tax benefit (expense) of $(5.4) million and $(5.5) million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, and $11.3 million and $21.4 million for the three and six months ended February 29, 2024, respectively. OCI before reclassifications from defined benefit pension plans is presented net of immaterial income tax impacts.
(2) Reclassifications for gains from derivatives included in net earnings (loss) are primarily recorded in cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss) and are presented net of immaterial income tax impacts.
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NOTE 4. REVENUE RECOGNITION
The majority of the Company's revenue is recognized at a point in time concurrent with the transfer of control, which usually occurs, depending on shipping terms, upon shipment or customer receipt. See Note 13, Segment Information, for further information about disaggregated revenue by the Company's major product lines.
Certain revenue resulting from sales of downstream products in the North America Steel Group segment is recognized over time, as discussed below. Revenue resulting from sales of other downstream products in the North America Steel Group segment is recognized at the time of billing under an available practical expedient.
Each of the North America Steel Group segment's fabrication contracts represents a single performance obligation. Revenue from certain fabrication contracts for which the Company provides downstream products and installation services is recognized over time using an input measure, and these contracts represented 7% of net sales in the North America Steel Group segment in each of the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, and represented 8% of net sales in the North America Steel Group segment in each of the three and six months ended February 29, 2024. Revenue from fabrication contracts for which the Company does not provide installation services is recognized over time using an output measure, and these contracts represented 10% of net sales in the North America Steel Group segment in each of the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, and 10% and 11% of net sales in the North America Steel Group segment in the three and six months ended February 29, 2024, respectively.
The following table provides information about assets and liabilities from contracts with customers:

(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Contract assets (included in accounts receivable) |  | $ | 99,153 |  |  | $ | 57,007 |
Contract liabilities (included in other accrued expenses and payables) |  | 22,972 |  |  | 35,356 |

The amount of revenue reclassified from August 31, 2024 contract liabilities during the six months ended February 28, 2025 was approximately $31.6 million.
Remaining Performance Obligations
As of February 28, 2025, revenue totaling $960.2 million has been allocated to remaining performance obligations in the North America Steel Group segment related to contracts for which revenue is recognized using an input or output measure. Of this amount, the Company estimates that approximately 74% of the remaining performance obligations will be recognized in the twelve months following February 28, 2025, and the remainder will be recognized during the subsequent twelve months. The duration of all other contracts in the North America Steel Group, Europe Steel Group and Emerging Businesses Group segments is typically less than one year.
NOTE 5. INVENTORIES, NET
The majority of the Company's inventories are in the form of semi-finished and finished steel products. Under the Company’s vertically integrated business models in the North America Steel Group segment and the Europe Steel Group segment, steel products are sold to external customers in various stages, from semi-finished billets through fabricated steel, leading these categories to be combined as finished goods.
The components of inventories were as follows:

(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Raw materials |  | $ | 248,715 |  |  | $ | 232,982 |
Work in process |  | 4,285 |  |  | 5,390 |
Finished goods |  | 725,279 |  |  | 733,383 |
Total |  | $ | 978,279 |  |  | $ | 971,755 |

Inventory write-down expense was $15.7 million during the six months ended February 28, 2025, and primarily impacted the North America Steel Group segment. Inventory write-down expense was $10.4 million during the six months ended February 29, 2024, and primarily impacted the Europe Steel Group segment. The inventory write-downs were recorded in cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss).
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NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
Goodwill by reportable segment is detailed in the table below:

(in thousands) |  | North America Steel Group |  | Europe Steel Group |  | Emerging Businesses Group |  | Consolidated
Goodwill, gross |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, September 1, 2024 |  | $ | 126,915 |  |  | $ | 4,337 |  |  | $ | 264,568 |  |  | $ | 395,820 |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | (178) |  |  | (1,636) |  |  | (1,814) |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | 126,915 |  |  | 4,159 |  |  | 262,932 |  |  | 394,006 |
Accumulated impairment |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, September 1, 2024 |  | (9,542) |  |  | (155) |  |  | (493) |  |  | (10,190) |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | 6 |  |  | — |  |  | 6 |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | (9,542) |  |  | (149) |  |  | (493) |  |  | (10,184) |
Goodwill, net |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance, September 1, 2024 |  | 117,373 |  |  | 4,182 |  |  | 264,075 |  |  | 385,630 |
Foreign currency translation |  | — |  |  | (172) |  |  | (1,636) |  |  | (1,808) |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | $ | 117,373 |  |  | $ | 4,010 |  |  | $ | 262,439 |  |  | $ | 383,822 |

Other indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:

(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Trade names |  | $ | 53,961 |  |  | $ | 54,531 |
In-process research and development |  | 2,400 |  |  | 2,400 |
Non-compete agreements |  | 750 |  |  | 750 |
Total |  | $ | 57,111 |  |  | $ | 57,681 |

The change in the balance of intangible assets with indefinite lives from August 31, 2024 to February 28, 2025 was due to foreign currency translation adjustments.
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Finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization are detailed in the following table:

|  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
(in thousands) |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net |  | Gross Carrying Amount |  | Accumulated Amortization |  | Net
Developed technologies |  | $ | 152,576 |  |  | $ | 51,795 |  |  | $ | 100,781 |  |  | $ | 152,659 |  |  | $ | 43,540 |  |  | $ | 109,119 |
Customer relationships |  | 74,524 |  |  | 20,188 |  |  | 54,336 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 16,118 |  |  | 58,882 |
Patents |  | 8,094 |  |  | 7,108 |  |  | 986 |  |  | 7,970 |  |  | 6,595 |  |  | 1,375 |
Perpetual lease rights |  | 6,142 |  |  | 1,044 |  |  | 5,098 |  |  | 6,404 |  |  | 1,049 |  |  | 5,355 |
Other |  | 5,986 |  |  | 3,837 |  |  | 2,149 |  |  | 5,937 |  |  | 3,480 |  |  | 2,457 |
Total |  | $ | 247,322 |  |  | $ | 83,972 |  |  | $ | 163,350 |  |  | $ | 247,970 |  |  | $ | 70,782 |  |  | $ | 177,188 |

The foreign currency translation adjustments related to the intangible assets subject to amortization were immaterial for all periods presented above.
Amortization expense for intangible assets was $6.8 million and $13.6 million in the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, of which $4.3 million and $8.6 million, respectively, was recorded in cost of goods sold and the remainder was recorded in SG&A expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Amortization expense for intangible assets was $7.0 million and $14.5 million in the three and six months ended February 29, 2024, respectively, of which $4.7 million and $9.4 million, respectively, was recorded in cost of goods sold and the remainder was recorded in SG&A expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets through 2029 is as follows:

|  | (in thousands)
Remainder of 2025 |  | $ | 13,140 |
2026 |  | 25,540 |
2027 |  | 25,443 |
2028 |  | 23,716 |
2029 |  | 19,149 |

NOTE 7. CREDIT ARRANGEMENTS
Long-term debt was as follows:

(in thousands) |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate as of February 28, 2025 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
2030 Notes |  | 4.125% |  | $ | 300,000 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
2031 Notes |  | 3.875% |  | 300,000 |  |  | 300,000 |
2032 Notes |  | 4.375% |  | 300,000 |  |  | 300,000 |
Series 2022 Bonds, due 2047 |  | 4.000% |  | 145,060 |  |  | 145,060 |
Other |  | 5.100% |  | 11,910 |  |  | 11,910 |
Finance leases |  | 5.252% |  | 145,631 |  |  | 141,271 |
Total debt |  |  |  | 1,202,601 |  |  | 1,198,241 |
Less unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  | (12,189) |  |  | (13,073) |
Plus unamortized bond premium |  |  |  | 4,358 |  |  | 4,453 |
Total amounts outstanding |  |  |  | 1,194,770 |  |  | 1,189,621 |
Less current maturities of long-term debt |  |  |  | (40,043) |  |  | (38,786) |
Long-term debt |  |  |  | $ | 1,154,727 |  |  | $ | 1,150,835 |

The Company's credit arrangements require compliance with certain covenants, including an interest coverage ratio and a debt to capitalization ratio. At February 28, 2025, the Company was in compliance with all financial covenants in its credit arrangements.
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Capitalized interest was $2.4 million and $4.5 million during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, compared to $1.2 million and $2.4 million, respectively, during the corresponding periods.
Credit Facilities
On October 30, 2024, the Company entered into the First Amendment to the Sixth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement (as amended, the "Credit Agreement"), which, among other things, extended the maturity date of the Credit Agreement from October 26, 2027 to October 26, 2029. The Credit Agreement provides for a $600.0 million revolving credit facility (the "Revolver"). The Company had no amounts drawn under the Revolver at February 28, 2025 or August 31, 2024. The availability under the Revolver was reduced by outstanding stand-by letters of credit totaling $1.0 million and $0.9 million at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively.
The Company also has credit facilities in Poland through its subsidiary, CMC Poland Sp. z.o.o. ("CMCP"). At February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, CMCP's credit facilities totaled PLN 600.0 million, or $148.5 million and $154.8 million, respectively. There were no amounts outstanding under these facilities as of February 28, 2025 or August 31, 2024. The available balance of these credit facilities was reduced by outstanding stand-by letters of credit, guarantees and/or other financial assurance instruments, which totaled $2.0 million and $2.4 million at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively.
Accounts Receivable Facility
The Poland accounts receivable facility had a limit of PLN 288.0 million, or $71.3 million and $74.3 million, at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. The Company had no advance payments outstanding under the Poland accounts receivable facility at February 28, 2025 or August 31, 2024.
NOTE 8. DERIVATIVES
At February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, the notional values of the Company's commodity contract commitments were $456.3 million and $480.1 million, respectively. At February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, the notional values of the Company's foreign currency contract commitments were $259.5 million and $225.1 million, respectively.
The following table provides information regarding the Company's commodity contract commitments at February 28, 2025:

Commodity |  | Position |  | Total
Copper |  | Long |  | 408 |  | MT
Copper |  | Short |  | 9,843 |  | MT
Electricity |  | Long |  | 2,990,000 |  | MW(h)
Natural Gas |  | Long |  | 4,762,000 |  | MMBtu

__________________________________
MT = Metric ton
MW(h) = Megawatt hour
MMBtu = Million British thermal unit
The following table summarizes the location and amounts of the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments reported in the condensed consolidated balance sheets:

(in thousands) |  | Primary Location |  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Derivative assets: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity |  | Prepaid and other current assets |  | $ | 10,568 |  |  | $ | 9,823 |
Commodity |  | Other noncurrent assets |  | 46,655 |  |  | 30,402 |
Foreign exchange |  | Prepaid and other current assets |  | 3,707 |  |  | 419 |
Derivative liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity |  | Other accrued expenses and payables |  | $ | 4,056 |  |  | $ | 3,445 |
Commodity |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | — |  |  | 157 |
Foreign exchange |  | Other accrued expenses and payables |  | 1,187 |  |  | 1,885 |
Foreign exchange |  | Other noncurrent liabilities |  | 63 |  |  | — |

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The following table summarizes activities related to the Company's derivatives not designated as hedging instruments recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss). All other activity related to the Company's derivatives not designated as hedging instruments was immaterial for the periods presented.

Gain (Loss) on Derivatives Not Designated as Hedging Instruments (in thousands) |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| Primary Location |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Commodity |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | (8,484) |  |  | $ | 782 |  |  | $ | (4,742) |  |  | $ | 710 |
Foreign exchange |  | SG&A expenses |  | 5,186 |  |  | 443 |  |  | 2,014 |  |  | 3,982 |

The following tables summarize activities related to the Company's derivatives designated as cash flow hedging instruments recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss) and condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Amounts presented do not include the effects of foreign currency translation adjustments.

Effective Portion of Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments Gain (Loss) Recognized in OCI, Net of Income Taxes (in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Commodity |  | $ | 22,690 |  |  | $ | (47,932) |  |  | $ | 23,102 |  |  | $ | (90,884) |
Foreign exchange |  | 5 |  |  | 8 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |

Gain on Derivatives Designated as Cash Flow Hedging Instruments Reclassified from AOCL into Net Earnings (Loss) (in thousands) |  |  |  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
| Primary Location |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Commodity |  | Cost of goods sold |  | $ | 2,998 |  |  | $ | 136 |  |  | $ | 4,571 |  |  | $ | 1,901 |
Foreign exchange |  | SG&A expenses |  | 42 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 107 |  |  | 122 |

The Company's natural gas commodity derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedging instruments have maturities extending to February 2028. The Company's electricity commodity derivatives accounted for as cash flow hedging instruments have maturities extending to December 2034. Included in the AOCL balance as of February 28, 2025 was an estimated net gain of $10.4 million from cash flow hedging instruments that is expected to be reclassified into net earnings (loss) within the twelve months following February 28, 2025. Cash flows associated with the cash flow hedging instruments are recorded as a component of cash flows from operating activities in the condensed consolidated statements of cash flows. See Note 9, Fair Value, for the fair value of the Company's derivative instruments recorded in the condensed consolidated balance sheets.
NOTE 9. FAIR VALUE
The Company has established a fair value hierarchy which prioritizes the inputs to the valuation techniques used to measure fair value into three levels. These levels are determined based on the lowest level input that is significant to the fair value measurement. Levels within the hierarchy are defined within Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K. Further discussion regarding the Company's use of derivative instruments is included in Note 8, Derivatives.
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The Company presents the fair value of its derivative contracts on a net-by-counterparty basis when a legal right to offset exists under an enforceable netting agreement. The following table summarizes information regarding the Company's financial assets and financial liabilities that were measured at fair value on a recurring basis:

|  |  |  | Fair Value Measurements at Reporting Date Using
(in thousands) |  | Total |  | Level 1 |  | Level 2 |  | Level 3
As of February 28, 2025: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment deposit accounts(1) |  | $ | 630,800 |  |  | $ | 630,800 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity derivative assets |  | 57,223 |  |  | 1,865 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,358 |
Foreign exchange derivative assets |  | 3,707 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,707 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative liabilities |  | 4,056 |  |  | 4,056 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities |  | 1,250 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,250 |  |  | — |
As of August 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Assets: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment deposit accounts(1) |  | $ | 718,110 |  |  | $ | 718,110 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Commodity derivative assets |  | 40,225 |  |  | 2,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,029 |
Foreign exchange derivative assets |  | 419 |  |  | — |  |  | 419 |  |  | — |
Liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Commodity derivative liabilities |  | 3,602 |  |  | 3,602 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Foreign exchange derivative liabilities |  | 1,885 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,885 |  |  | — |

__________________________________
(1) Investment deposit accounts are short-term in nature, and the value is determined by principal plus interest.
The fair value estimate of the Level 3 commodity derivatives is based on internally developed discounted cash flow models primarily utilizing unobservable inputs for which there is little or no market data. The Company forecasts future energy rates using a range of historical prices (the "floating rate"), which is the only significant unobservable input used in the Company's discounted cash flow models. Significantly higher or lower floating rates could have resulted in a material difference in the fair value measurement. The following table summarizes the range of floating rates used to measure the fair value of the Level 3 commodity derivatives at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, which are applied uniformly across each of our Level 3 commodity derivatives:

|  | Floating rate (PLN)
|  | Low |  | High |  | Average
February 28, 2025 |  | 324 |  |  | 563 |  |  | 441 |
August 31, 2024 |  | 324 |  |  | 510 |  |  | 405 |

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Below is a reconciliation of the beginning and ending balances of the Level 3 commodity derivatives recognized in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss). Amounts presented are before income taxes. The fluctuation in energy rates over time may cause volatility in the fair value estimate and is the primary reason for unrealize d gains and losses in OCI in the three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024.

(in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended February 28, 2025
Balance, December 1, 2024 |  | $ | 33,303 |
Unrealized holding gain before reclassification(1) |  | 25,482 |
Reclassification for gain included in net earnings(2) |  | (3,427) |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | $ | 55,358 |
(in thousands) |  | Six Months Ended February 28, 2025
Balance, September 1, 2024 |  | $ | 38,029 |
Unrealized holding gain before reclassification(1) |  | 23,791 |
Reclassification for gain included in net loss(2) |  | (6,462) |
Balance, February 28, 2025 |  | $ | 55,358 |
(in thousands) |  | Three Months Ended February 29, 2024
Balance, December 1, 2023 |  | $ | 144,357 |
Unrealized holding loss before reclassification(1) |  | (56,481) |
Reclassification for gain included in net earnings(2) |  | (1,559) |
Balance, February 29, 2024 |  | $ | 86,317 |
(in thousands) |  | Six Months Ended February 29, 2024
Balance, September 1, 2023 |  | $ | 194,425 |
Unrealized holding loss before reclassification(1) |  | (103,758) |
Reclassification for gain included in net earnings(2) |  | (4,350) |
Balance, February 29, 2024 |  | $ | 86,317 |

__________________________________
(1) Unrealized holding gain (loss), net of foreign currency translation, less amounts reclassified are included in net unrealized holding gain (loss) on derivatives in the condensed consolidated statements of comprehensive income (loss).
(2) Realized gains included in net earnings (loss) are recorded in cost of goods sold in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss).
There were no material non-recurring fair value remeasurements during the three or six months ended February 28, 2025 or February 29, 2024.
The carrying values of the Company's short-term items, including documentary letters of credit and notes payable, approximate fair value.
The carrying value and fair value of the Company's long-term debt, including current maturities, excluding other borrowings and finance leases, was $1.0 billion and $957.2 million, respectively, at February 28, 2025, and $1.0 billion and $962.8 million, respectively, at August 31, 2024. The Company estimates these fair values based on Level 2 of the fair value hierarchy using indicated market values. The Company's other borrowings contain variable interest rates, and as a result, their carrying values approximate fair values.
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NOTE 10. STOCK-BASED COMPENSATION PLANS
The Company's stock-based compensation plans are described in Note 13, Stock-Based Compensation Plans, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K. In general, restricted stock units awarded to executive officers and other employees vest ratably over a period of three years. Subject to the achievement of performance targets established by the Compensation Committee of the Company's Board of Directors (the "Board"), performance stock units vest after a period of three years.
Information for restricted stock units and performance stock units accounted for as equity awards during the six months ended February 28, 2025 is as follows:

|  | Shares |  | Weighted Average Fair Value
Outstanding as of August 31, 2024 |  | 1,548,586 |  |  | $ | 43.52 |
Granted |  | 1,053,488 |  |  | 48.13 |
Vested |  | (1,114,469) |  |  | 38.95 |
Forfeited |  | (73,928) |  |  | 48.24 |
Outstanding as of February 28, 2025 |  | 1,413,677 |  |  | $ | 50.31 |

The Company granted 172,992 equivalent shares in the form of restricted stock units and performance stock units accounted for as liability awards during the six months ended February 28, 2025. At February 28, 2025, the Company had outstanding 349,713 equivalent shares accounted for under the liability method. The Company expects 333,865 equivalent shares to vest.
Total stock-based compensation expense, including fair value remeasurements, which was primarily included in SG&A expenses in the Company's condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss), was $8.1 million and $18.3 million for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, and was $15.0 million and $23.0 million for the three and six months ended February 29, 2024, respectively.
NOTE 11. STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY AND EARNINGS (LOSS) PER SHARE
The Company's calculation of basic earnings (loss) per share ("EPS") and diluted EPS are described in Note 16, Earnings Per Share, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K.
The calculations of basic and diluted EPS were as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except share and per share data) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 85,847 |  |  | $ | (150,245) |  |  | $ | 262,120 |
Average basic shares outstanding |  | 113,564,436 |  |  | 116,396,530 |  |  | 113,811,675 |  |  | 116,584,235 |
Effect of dilutive securities |  | 945,857 |  |  | 1,127,583 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,467,014 |
Average diluted shares outstanding |  | 114,510,293 |  |  | 117,524,113 |  |  | 113,811,675 |  |  | 118,051,249 |
Earnings (loss) per share: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Basic |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.74 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  | $ | 2.25 |
Diluted |  | 0.22 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | (1.32) |  |  | 2.22 |

For all periods except for the six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company had immaterial anti-dilutive shares, which were not included in the computation of average diluted shares outstanding. For the six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company had 1,270,113 shares that were excluded from the computation of average diluted shares outstanding due to the Company's net loss position.
During the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company repurchased 906,603 and 1,826,084 shares of CMC common stock, at an average purchase price of $52.96 and $53.90 per share, respectively. Under the share repurchase program, the Company had remaining authorization to repurchase $305.3 million of shares of CMC common stock at February 28, 2025. See Note 15, Capital Stock, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information on the share repurchase program.
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NOTE 12. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of conducting its business, the Company becomes involved in litigation, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including environmental matters.
Legal Proceedings
On October 30, 2020, plaintiff Pacific Steel Group ("PSG") filed a suit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the "Northern District Court") alleging that CMC, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc. and CMC Steel US, LLC violated the federal and California state antitrust laws and California common law by entering into an exclusivity agreement for certain steel mill equipment manufactured by one of the Company’s equipment suppliers. On November 5, 2024, a jury returned a verdict in favor of PSG in the amount of $110.0 million, which the Northern District Court, in entering its judgment on the verdict, subsequently trebled as a matter of law. PSG will also be entitled to petition for and recover its attorneys' fees, costs and post-judgment interest. The Company is confident it conducted its business appropriately and intends to vigorously pursue all reasonably available avenues to have the verdict and judgment overturned. On December 20, 2024, CMC, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc. and CMC Steel US, LLC filed a motion with the Northern District Court challenging the jury’s verdict and requesting a new trial. This motion remains pending. In the meantime, as a trial judgment in favor of PSG was rendered, it was determined that there was a probable and reasonably estimable loss, which was recorded as an expense within the condensed consolidated financial statements. In the six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company reported $354.7 million of litigation expense in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings (loss), which represents the Company's estimate based on its understanding of the PSG judgment, PSG's attorneys' fees and other related costs, including post-judgment interest. This amount was classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 28, 2025 because the timing of the potential payment is uncertain. All other legal expenses for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 are reported within SG&A expenses. If the verdict and judgment are overturned either as a result of post-trial motions or through the appeals process, the expenses and related liability will be reversed in the same period the verdict and judgment are overturned. The Company's litigation defense costs are expensed as incurred. Although the Company is vigorously pursuing a reversal of the jury’s verdict and the judgment, the ultimate resolution is uncertain.
On March 13, 2022, PSG filed a second suit in the San Diego County Superior Court of California alleging that CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc., CMC Steel US, LLC, and CMC Rebar West (which later merged into CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc.) violated California state antitrust and unfair competition laws by bidding below their costs for rebar furnish-and-install projects in California to hamper PSG's ability to win jobs and to reduce PSG’s profitability. These allegations were initially brought in PSG's lawsuit in the Northern District Court, but were dismissed without prejudice by the Northern District Court for lack of jurisdiction. This second lawsuit was later removed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the "Southern District Court"). There, PSG seeks, among other things, a jury trial on its claims in addition to injunctive relief, compensatory damages, fees and costs. Fact and expert discovery are complete. On November 12, 2024, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc., CMC Steel US, LLC and CMC Rebar West filed a mot ion for summary judgment, and that motion is pending before the Southern District Court. As of the date of this Form 10-Q, no trial has been scheduled. The Company is confident it conducted its business appropriately, believes it has substantial defenses and intends to vigorously defend against PSG's claims. The Company has not recorded any liability for this matter as it does not believe a loss is probable, and it cannot estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of possible loss. It is possible that an unfavorable resolution to this matter could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
Other Matters
At February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, the amounts accrued for cleanup and remediation costs at certain sites in response to notices, actions and agreements under the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act of 1980 ("CERCLA") and analogous state and local statutes were immaterial. Total accrued environmental liabilities, including CERCLA sites, were $3.7 million and $3.4 million at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively, of which $2.0 million and $1.9 million was classified as other noncurrent liabilities at February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, respectively. These amounts have not been discounted to their present values. Due to evolving remediation technology, changing regulations, possible third-party contributions, the inherent uncertainties of the estimation process and other factors, amounts accrued could vary significantly from amounts paid.
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NOTE 13. SEGMENT INFORMATION
The Company structures its business into three reportable segments: North America Steel Group, Europe Steel Group and Emerging Businesses Group. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information about the reportable segments, including the types of products and services from which each reportable segment derives its net sales.
Corporate and Other contains earnings or losses on assets and liabilities related to the Company's benefit restoration plan assets and short-term investments, expenses of the Company's corporate headquarters, litigation-related expenses, interest expense related to long-term debt and intercompany eliminations. Certain corporate administrative expenses are allocated to the segments based upon the nature of the expense.
The following table summarizes certain financial information by reportable segment and Corporate and Other, as applicable:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales to external customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America Steel Group |  | $ | 1,386,848 |  |  | $ | 1,486,202 |  |  | $ | 2,905,485 |  |  | $ | 3,078,852 |
Europe Steel Group |  | 198,029 |  |  | 192,500 |  |  | 407,436 |  |  | 417,675 |
Emerging Businesses Group |  | 158,864 |  |  | 155,994 |  |  | 328,279 |  |  | 333,233 |
Reportable segments total |  | 1,743,741 |  |  | 1,834,696 |  |  | 3,641,200 |  |  | 3,829,760 |
Corporate and Other |  | 10,635 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 22,778 |  |  | 21,578 |
Total |  | $ | 1,754,376 |  |  | $ | 1,848,287 |  |  | $ | 3,663,978 |  |  | $ | 3,851,338 |
Adjusted EBITDA: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
North America Steel Group |  | $ | 128,818 |  |  | $ | 222,294 |  |  | $ | 317,023 |  |  | $ | 489,114 |
Europe Steel Group |  | 752 |  |  | (8,611) |  |  | 26,591 |  |  | 30,331 |
Emerging Businesses Group |  | 23,519 |  |  | 17,929 |  |  | 46,179 |  |  | 48,791 |
Reportable segments total |  | $ | 153,089 |  |  | $ | 231,612 |  |  | $ | 389,793 |  |  | $ | 568,236 |

|  | February 28, 2025 |  | August 31, 2024
Total assets: |  |  |  |
North America Steel Group |  | $ | 4,223,610 |  |  | $ | 4,219,603 |
Europe Steel Group |  | 660,260 |  |  | 677,697 |
Emerging Businesses Group |  | 834,722 |  |  | 861,025 |
Reportable segments total |  | 5,718,592 |  |  | 5,758,325 |
Corporate and Other |  | 971,118 |  |  | 1,059,514 |
Total |  | $ | 6,689,710 |  |  | $ | 6,817,839 |

The following table presents a reconciliation of net earnings (loss) to adjusted EBITDA for the reportable segments:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net earnings (loss) |  | $ | 25,473 |  |  | $ | 85,847 |  |  | $ | (150,245) |  |  | $ | 262,120 |
Interest expense |  | 11,167 |  |  | 11,878 |  |  | 22,489 |  |  | 23,634 |
Income tax expense (benefit) |  | 10,627 |  |  | 31,072 |  |  | (44,955) |  |  | 79,494 |
Depreciation and amortization |  | 70,584 |  |  | 68,299 |  |  | 141,021 |  |  | 137,485 |
Asset impairments |  | 386 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 386 |  |  | 4 |
Corporate and Other expenses |  | 34,852 |  |  | 34,512 |  |  | 421,097 |  |  | 65,499 |
Adjusted EBITDA reportable segments |  | $ | 153,089 |  |  | $ | 231,612 |  |  | $ | 389,793 |  |  | $ | 568,236 |

Disaggregation of Revenue
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The following tables display net sales to external customers by reportable segment and Corporate and Other, disaggregated by major product:

|  | Three Months Ended February 28, 2025
(in thousands) |  | North America Steel Group |  | Europe Steel Group |  | Emerging Businesses Group |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Major product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 317,841 |  |  | $ | 5,141 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 322,982 |
Steel products |  | 592,549 |  |  | 159,344 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 751,893 |
Downstream products |  | 428,459 |  |  | 25,278 |  |  | 41,179 |  |  | — |  |  | 494,916 |
Construction products |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,731 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,731 |
Ground stabilization solutions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 48,194 |  |  | — |  |  | 48,194 |
Other |  | 47,999 |  |  | 8,266 |  |  | 3,760 |  |  | 10,635 |  |  | 70,660 |
Net sales to external customers |  | 1,386,848 |  |  | 198,029 |  |  | 158,864 |  |  | 10,635 |  |  | 1,754,376 |
Intersegment net sales, eliminated in consolidation |  | 16,498 |  |  | 619 |  |  | 13,253 |  |  | (30,370) |  |  | — |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,403,346 |  |  | $ | 198,648 |  |  | $ | 172,117 |  |  | $ | (19,735) |  |  | $ | 1,754,376 |
|  | Six Months Ended February 28, 2025
(in thousands) |  | North America Steel Group |  | Europe Steel Group |  | Emerging Businesses Group |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Major product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 627,960 |  |  | $ | 10,426 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 638,386 |
Steel products |  | 1,218,014 |  |  | 321,481 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,539,495 |
Downstream products |  | 956,057 |  |  | 58,912 |  |  | 73,557 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,088,526 |
Construction products |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 141,712 |  |  | — |  |  | 141,712 |
Ground stabilization solutions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 104,706 |  |  | — |  |  | 104,706 |
Other |  | 103,454 |  |  | 16,617 |  |  | 8,304 |  |  | 22,778 |  |  | 151,153 |
Net sales to external customers |  | 2,905,485 |  |  | 407,436 |  |  | 328,279 |  |  | 22,778 |  |  | 3,663,978 |
Intersegment net sales, eliminated in consolidation |  | 32,610 |  |  | 1,236 |  |  | 25,046 |  |  | (58,892) |  |  | — |
Net sales |  | $ | 2,938,095 |  |  | $ | 408,672 |  |  | $ | 353,325 |  |  | $ | (36,114) |  |  | $ | 3,663,978 |

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|  | Three Months Ended February 29, 2024
(in thousands) |  | North America Steel Group |  | Europe Steel Group |  | Emerging Businesses Group |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Major product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 325,006 |  |  | $ | 4,137 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 329,143 |
Steel products |  | 612,308 |  |  | 158,180 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 770,488 |
Downstream products |  | 513,253 |  |  | 23,517 |  |  | 40,507 |  |  | — |  |  | 577,277 |
Construction products |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 65,467 |  |  | — |  |  | 65,467 |
Ground stabilization solutions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 45,135 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,135 |
Other |  | 35,635 |  |  | 6,666 |  |  | 4,885 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 60,777 |
Net sales to external customers |  | 1,486,202 |  |  | 192,500 |  |  | 155,994 |  |  | 13,591 |  |  | 1,848,287 |
Intersegment net sales, eliminated in consolidation |  | 18,904 |  |  | 1,058 |  |  | 7,453 |  |  | (27,415) |  |  | — |
Net sales |  | $ | 1,505,106 |  |  | $ | 193,558 |  |  | $ | 163,447 |  |  | $ | (13,824) |  |  | $ | 1,848,287 |
|  | Six Months Ended February 29, 2024
(in thousands) |  | North America Steel Group |  | Europe Steel Group |  | Emerging Businesses Group |  | Corporate and Other |  | Total
Major product: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 638,661 |  |  | $ | 7,851 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 646,512 |
Steel products |  | 1,270,068 |  |  | 333,712 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,603,780 |
Downstream products |  | 1,090,255 |  |  | 62,145 |  |  | 78,053 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,230,453 |
Construction products |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 143,226 |  |  | — |  |  | 143,226 |
Ground stabilization solutions |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 102,458 |  |  | — |  |  | 102,458 |
Other |  | 79,868 |  |  | 13,967 |  |  | 9,496 |  |  | 21,578 |  |  | 124,909 |
Net sales to external customers |  | 3,078,852 |  |  | 417,675 |  |  | 333,233 |  |  | 21,578 |  |  | 3,851,338 |
Intersegment net sales, eliminated in consolidation |  | 38,541 |  |  | 1,634 |  |  | 12,240 |  |  | (52,415) |  |  | — |
Net sales |  | $ | 3,117,393 |  |  | $ | 419,309 |  |  | $ | 345,473 |  |  | $ | (30,837) |  |  | $ | 3,851,338 |

ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
In the following discussion, references to "we," "us," "our" or the "Company" mean Commercial Metals Company ("CMC") and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires. The following discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in this Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q (this "Form 10-Q"), and our consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto, which are included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended August 31, 2024 (the "2024 Form 10-K"). This discussion contains or incorporates by reference "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the "Exchange Act"), and the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements are not historical facts, but rather are based on expectations, estimates, assumptions and projections about our industry, business and future financial results, based on information available at the time this Form 10-Q was filed with the United States ("U.S.") Securities and Exchange Commission (the "SEC") or, with respect to any document incorporated by reference, available at the time that such document was prepared. Our actual results could differ materially from the results contemplated by these forward-looking statements due to a number of factors, including those identified in the section entitled "Forward-Looking Statements" at the end of Item 2 of this Form 10-Q and in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q. We do not undertake any obligation to update, amend or clarify any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or circumstances or otherwise, except as required by law.
Any reference in this Form 10-Q to the "corresponding period" relates to the relevant three or six month period ended February 29, 2024. Any reference in this Form 10-Q to a year refers to the fiscal year ended August 31st of that year, unless otherwise stated.
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Certain trademarks or service marks of CMC appearing in this Form 10-Q are the property of CMC and are protected under applicable intellectual property laws. Solely for convenience, our trademarks and tradenames referred to in this Form 10-Q may appear without the ® or ™ symbols, but such references are not intended to indicate in any way that we will not assert, to the fullest extent under applicable law, our rights to these trademarks and tradenames.
BUSINESS CONDITIONS AND DEVELOPMENTS
Transform, Advance and Grow Initiative
In 2024, we implemented our Transform, Advance and Grow ("TAG") operational and commercial excellence program, which is a key component of our long-term strategic growth plan. Through a disciplined and structured approach, execution of the TAG program is intended to enhance the value of our operations through sustained margin enhancement, reduced working capital needs and greater invested capital efficiency. We have begun executing the first wave of initiatives related to the TAG program, and it is positively contributing to 2025 performance.
Capital Expenditures
During the fourth quarter of 2023, our third micro mill was placed into service, and ramp up of the third micro mill continued in the first half of 2025. The new facility, located in Mesa, Arizona, allows us to meet underlying West Coast and Pacific Northwest demand for steel products. Designed to produce both rebar and merchant bar, this micro mill is the first in the world to produce merchant bar quality products through a continuous production process. Rebar production and merchant bar production commenced during the fourth quarter of 2023 and second quarter of 2024, respectively. The merchant bar products produced at this facility consist of a wide variety of shapes and sizes of long steel, and, combined with rebar production, the capacity of this micro mill is approximately 40% greater than that of the other micro mills we have constructed. The micro mill was designed with the latest technology in electric arc furnace ("EAF") power supply systems, which allows us to directly connect the EAF and the ladle furnace to renewable energy sources such as solar and wind. Additionally, this micro mill is the Company’s first micro mill to utilize Q-ONE technology on an EAF, which provides energy efficiencies and precise electrical control during production, creating a stable and consistent output.
In December 2022, we announced that our planned fourth micro mill will be in Berkeley County, West Virginia. This new micro mill will be geographically situated to serve the Northeast, Mid-Atlantic and Mid-Western U.S. markets and will be supported by our exi sting network of downstream fabrication plants. Site improvements, foundation work and large portions of supporting infrastructure for the micro mill are complete, and the construction of structural components for multiple process buildings and equipment is underway. We expect commissioning to start in late calendar 2025.
During 2023, the Company entered into an agreement with the West Virginia Economic Development Authority to permanently finance a portion of the costs to construct the Company's fourth micro mill, which is under development in Berkeley County, West Virginia. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, the Company received $25.0 million as a result of meeting certain investment thresholds. Amounts received were recognized in the North America Steel Group segment and reduced property, plant and equipment, net, in the Company's condensed consolidated balance sheets as of February 28, 2025. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information.
Macroeconomic Trends and Uncertainties
We are subject to risks and exposures from the evolving macroeconomic environment, including uncertainty and volatility in financial markets, effor ts of governments to stimulate or stabilize the economy and other changes in economic conditions, such as an increase in trade tensions and related tariffs with U.S. trading partners. On February 10, 2025, President Trump issued an executive order re-imposing Section 232's 25% tariffs on steel imports from all sources, effective March 12, 2025, ending country and product exemptions, and broadening the application of the tariffs to fabricated steel products. Although the elimination of Section 232 tariff exemptions should provide a favorable backdrop to the domestic long steel market, there remains uncertainty regarding the duration and scope of this and other potential executive actions related to tariffs. If the Section 232 or other import tariffs, quotas or duties expire, if others are further relaxed or repealed or if relatively higher U.S. steel prices make it attractive for foreign steelmakers to export their steel products to the U.S., despite the presence of import tariffs, quotas or duties, a resurgence of substantial imports of foreign steel could occur. This would put downward pressure on U.S. steel prices.
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Russian Invasion of Ukraine
The Russian invasion of Ukraine did not have a direct material adverse impact on our business, financial condition or results of operations during the three or six months ended February 28, 2025 or February 29, 2024. Our Europe Steel Group segment has not experienced an interruption in energy supply and was able to identify alternate sources for a limited number of materials previously procured through Russia. However, the Russian invasion of Ukraine has led to economic slowdowns in Europe, including significant volatility in commodity prices and credit markets, reductions in demand, supply chain interruptions and higher global inflation. We will continue to monitor disruptions in supply of energy and materials and the indirect effects on our operations of inflationary pressures, reductions in demand, foreign exchange rate fluctuations, commodity pricing, potential cybersecurity risks and sanctions resulting from the invasion.
See sections entitled "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q for further discussion related to the above business conditions and developments.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
There have been no material changes to our critical accounting policies and estimates as set forth in Part II, Item 7, Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in our 2024 Form 10-K.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS SUMMARY
Business Overview
CMC is an innovative solutions provider helping build a stronger, safer and more sustainable world. Through an extensive manufacturing network principally located in the U.S. and Central Europe, the Company offers products and technologies to meet the critical reinforcement needs of the global construction sector. CMC’s solutions support early-stage construction across a wide variety of applications, including infrastructure, non-residential, residential, industrial and energy generation and transmission. Our operations are conducted through three reportable segments: North America Steel Group, Europe Steel Group and Emerging Businesses Group.
Key Performance Indicators
When evaluating our results for the period, we compare net sales, in the aggregate and for each of our reportable segments, in the current period to net sales in the corresponding period. Specifically, for the North America Steel Group and the Europe Steel Group segments, we focus on changes in average selling price per ton and tons shipped compared to the prior period for each of our vertically integrated product categories as these are the two variables that typically have the greatest impact on our net sales for those reportable segments. Of the products evaluated by changes in average selling price per ton and tons shipped within the North America Steel Group and Europe Steel Group segments, raw materials include ferrous and nonferrous scrap, steel products include rebar, merchant bar and other steel products, such as billets and wire rod, and downstream products include fabricated rebar, steel fence posts and wire mesh. The evaluations of average selling price per ton and tons shipped for downstream products exclude post-tension cable, which is not measured on a per ton basis.
Adjusted EBITDA is used by management to compare and evaluate the period-over-period underlying business operational performance of our reportable segments. Adjusted EBITDA is the sum of the Company's earnings or losses before interest expense, income taxes, depreciation and amortization and impairment expense. Although there are many factors that can impact a segment’s adjusted EBITDA and, therefore, our overall earnings or losses, changes in metal margins of our steel products and downstream products period-over-period in the North America Steel Group and Europe Steel Group segments are a consistent area of focus for our Company and industry. Metal margin is a metric used by management to monitor the results of our vertically integrated organization. For our steel products, metal margin is the difference between the average selling price per ton of rebar, merchant bar and other steel products and the cost of ferrous scrap per ton utilized by our steel mills to produce these products. The metal margin for the North America Steel Group and Europe Steel Group segments' downstream products is the difference between the average selling price per ton of our downstream products and the scrap input costs to produce these products. An increase or decrease in input costs can impact profitability of steel products and downstream products when there is no corresponding change in selling prices. The majority of the North America Steel Group and Europe Steel Group segments' downstream products selling pric es per ton are fixed at the beginning of a project and these projects last one to two years on average. The selling price generally remains fixed over the life of a project; therefore, changes in input costs over the life of the project can significantly impact profitability.
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Financial Results Overview

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per share data) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales |  | $ | 1,754,376 |  |  | $ | 1,848,287 |  |  | $ | 3,663,978 |  |  | $ | 3,851,338 |
Net earnings (loss) |  | 25,473 |  |  | 85,847 |  |  | (150,245) |  |  | 262,120 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per share |  | $ | 0.22 |  |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | $ | (1.32) |  |  | $ | 2.22 |

Net sales decreased $93.9 million, or 5%, for the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and decreased $187.4 million, or 5%, for the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. See discussions below, labeled North America Steel Group, Europe Steel Group and Emerging Businesses Group within our Segment Operating Data section, for further information on our period-over-period net sales results.
During the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, we achieved net earnings of $25.5 million and incurred a net loss of $150.2 million, respectively, compared to net earnings of $85.8 million and $262.1 million, respectively, during the corresponding periods. The change in net earnings in the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, was due to compression in steel and downstream products metal margins in our North America Steel Group segment. The year-over-year decrease in net earnings was primarily due to an approximately $268.0 million litigation expense, net of estimated tax, due to a contingent litigation-related loss, and compression in steel and downstream products metal margins in our North America Steel Group segment in the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period.
Selling, General and Administrative Expenses
Selling, general and administrative ("SG&A") expenses remained relatively flat during the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and increased $15.4 million during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. Contributing to the period-over-period increase was $12.1 million of incremental labor-related expenses and $5.4 million of additional legal expenses in the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period.
Interest Expense
Interest expense remained relatively flat during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods.
Litigation Expense
Litigation expense related to the Pacific Steel Group ("PSG") litigation of $4.7 million and $354.7 million was recorded during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively. For more information about the contingent litigation-related loss, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies.
Income Taxes
The effective income tax rates for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025 were 29.4% and 23.0%, respectively, compared to 26.6% and 23.3%, in the corresponding periods. The increase for the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared with the corresponding period, is due to multiple factors of which no single item was material. The effective income tax rate remained relatively flat for the six months ended February 28, 2025 when compared to the corresponding period.
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SEGMENT OPERATING DATA
The operating data by product category presented in the North America Steel Group and Europe Steel Group tables below is calculated using averages for each period presented. See Note 13, Segment Information, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for more information on our reportable segments.
North America Steel Group

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per ton amounts) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales to external customers |  | $ | 1,386,848 |  |  | $ | 1,486,202 |  |  | $ | 2,905,485 |  |  | $ | 3,078,852 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 128,818 |  |  | 222,294 |  |  | 317,023 |  |  | 489,114 |
External tons shipped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | 312 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 651 |  |  | 721 |
Rebar |  | 503 |  |  | 460 |  |  | 1,052 |  |  | 982 |
Merchant bar and other |  | 243 |  |  | 234 |  |  | 484 |  |  | 464 |
Steel products |  | 746 |  |  | 694 |  |  | 1,536 |  |  | 1,446 |
Downstream products |  | 298 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 654 |  |  | 662 |
Average selling price per ton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Raw materials |  | $ | 956 |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 913 |  |  | $ | 829 |
Steel products |  | 814 |  |  | 905 |  |  | 813 |  |  | 898 |
Downstream products |  | 1,221 |  |  | 1,358 |  |  | 1,242 |  |  | 1,374 |
Cost of ferrous scrap utilized per ton |  | $ | 338 |  |  | $ | 379 |  |  | $ | 330 |  |  | $ | 361 |
Steel products metal margin per ton |  | 476 |  |  | 526 |  |  | 483 |  |  | 537 |

Net sales to external customers in our North America Steel Group segment decreased 7% and 6% during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods. The decreases primarily resulted from reductions in steel products average selling prices per ton of 10% and 9% during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods, and a 10% reduction in downstream products average selling prices per ton during both the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods, in both cases due to increased competitive pricing in our key markets. The reductions in net sales from external customers driven by lower average selling prices were partially offset by increased shipments of steel products in both periods due to resilient construction activity and demand in our end-use markets.
During the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, we achieved adjusted EBITDA of $128.8 million and $317.0 million, respectively, compared to adjusted EBITDA of $222.3 million and $489.1 million, during the respective corresponding periods. The decreases in adjusted EBITDA during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods, was primarily due to a 10% erosion of steel and downstream products metal margins over scrap per ton. The cost of ferrous scrap utilized per ton, the largest single driver of cost of goods sold for both steel and downstream products, decreased $41 and $31, respectively, during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods. However, these decreases did not keep pace with the declines in average selling prices per ton for steel and downstream products, resulting in metal margin compression, as compared to the corresponding periods.
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Europe Steel Group

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands, except per ton amounts) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales to external customers |  | $ | 198,029 |  |  | $ | 192,500 |  |  | $ | 407,436 |  |  | $ | 417,675 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 752 |  |  | (8,611) |  |  | 26,591 |  |  | 30,331 |
External tons shipped |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Rebar |  | 100 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 186 |
Merchant bar and other |  | 210 |  |  | 211 |  |  | 416 |  |  | 432 |
Steel products |  | 310 |  |  | 275 |  |  | 623 |  |  | 618 |
Average selling price per ton |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Steel products |  | $ | 612 |  |  | $ | 673 |  |  | $ | 626 |  |  | $ | 651 |
Cost of ferrous scrap utilized per ton |  | $ | 337 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 353 |  |  | $ | 380 |
Steel products metal margin per ton |  | 275 |  |  | 279 |  |  | 273 |  |  | 271 |

Net sales to external customer s in our Europe Steel Group segment increased $5.5 million, or 3%, during the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and decreased $10.2 million, or 2%, during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, steel products shipment volumes rose 13%, exceeding the impact of a $61 per ton decrease in steel products average selling price, compared to the corresponding period. Net sales to external customers in the six months ended February 28, 2025 decreased due to a $25 per ton decline in steel products average selling price, compared to the corresponding period. On average, compared to the Polish zloty, the U.S. dollar was stronger during the three months ended February 28, 2025 and was weaker during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods. The effect of foreign currency translation on net sales to external customers was a decrease of approximately $3.2 million for the three months ended February 28, 2025 and an increase of approximately $10.2 million for the six months ended February 28, 2025.
Adjusted EBITDA increased $9.4 million during the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and decreased $3.7 million during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. During the three months ended February 28, 2025, steel products shipment volumes rose 13%, while steel products metal margin per ton remained relatively flat and conversion costs were lower, compared to the corresponding period. During the six months ended February 28, 2025, government assistance of $48.1 million, compared to $66.3 million in the corresponding period, was recognized related to programs established to offset the rising costs of electricity and natural gas and the indirect costs of rising carbon emission rights included in energy costs. The $18.2 million decrease in government assistance received in the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, offset the benefit from the year-over-year decrease in conversion costs. The effect of foreign currency translation on adjusted EBITDA was immaterial for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025.
Emerging Businesses Group

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Net sales to external customers |  | $ | 158,864 |  |  | $ | 155,994 |  |  | $ | 328,279 |  |  | $ | 333,233 |
Adjusted EBITDA |  | 23,519 |  |  | 17,929 |  |  | 46,179 |  |  | 48,791 |

Net sales to external customers in our Emerging Businesses Group segment were relatively flat during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods. For the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, our performance reinforcing steel offerings experienced 86% and 48% increases in shipment volumes, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods, due to increased demand. However, the increases in net sales to external customers from our performance reinforcing steel offerings were offset by decreases in net sales to external customers by CMC Impact Metals due to decreases in shipment volumes related to a slowing truck and trailer market for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding periods.
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Adjusted EBITDA increased $5.6 million, or 31%, during the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and decreased $2.6 million, or 5%, during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. Adjusted EBITDA for our performance reinforcing steel offerings increased $7.2 million and $10.7 million during the three and six months ended February 28, 2025, respectively, compared to the corresponding periods, due to the increases in shipment volumes described above. For the six months ended February 28, 2025, the increase was offset by decreases in adjusted EBITDA for our Tensar division and our CMC Impact Metals business.
Corporate and Other

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Six Months Ended
(in thousands) |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024 |  | February 28, 2025 |  | February 29, 2024
Adjusted EBITDA loss |  | $ | (34,852) |  |  | $ | (34,512) |  |  | $ | (421,097) |  |  | $ | (65,499) |

Corporate and Other adjusted EBITDA loss remained relatively flat during the three months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, and increased $355.6 million during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period. The increase in adjusted EBITDA loss during the six months ended February 28, 2025 was due to a $354.7 million contingent litigation-related loss related to the PSG litigation. For more information about the contingent litigation-related loss, see Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies.
LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Sources of Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our cash flows from operating activities are our principal sources of liquidity and result primarily from sales of products offered by the vertically integrated operations in the North America Steel Group and the Europe Steel Group segments, and products and solutions offered by our Emerging Businesses Group segment and related materials and services, as described in Part I, Item 1, Business, of our 2024 Form 10-K.
We have a diverse and generally stable customer base, and regularly maintain a substantial amount of accounts receivable. We actively monitor our accounts receivable and, based on market conditions and customers' financial condition, record allowances when we believe accounts are uncollectible. We use credit insurance internationally to mitigate the risk of customer insolvency. We estimate that the amount of credit-insured or financially assured receivables was approximately 14% of total receivables at February 28, 2025.
We use futures and forward contracts to mitigate the risks from fluctuations in commodity prices, foreign currency exchange rates, interest rates and natural gas, electricity and other energy prices. See Note 8, Derivatives, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for further information.
The table below reflects our sources, facilities and availability of liquidity at February 28, 2025. See Note 7, Credit Arrangements, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for additional information.

(in thousands) |  | Liquidity Sources and Facilities |  | Availability
Cash and cash equivalents |  | $ | 758,403 |  |  | $ | 758,403 |
Notes due from 2030 to 2032 |  | 900,000 |  |  | (1)
Revolver |  | 600,000 |  |  | 599,041 |
Series 2022 Bonds, due 2047 |  | 145,060 |  |  | — |
Poland credit facilities |  | 148,456 |  |  | 146,453 |
Poland accounts receivable facility |  | 71,259 |  |  | 71,259 |

__________________________________
(1) We believe we have access to additional financing and refinancing, if needed, although we can make no assurances as to the form or terms of such financing.
We continually review our capital resources to determine whether we can meet our short and long-term goals. For at least the next twelve months, we anticipate our current cash balances, cash flows from operations and available sources of liquidity will be sufficient to maintain operations, make necessary capital expenditur es, pay for litigation-related expenses, invest in the development of our fourth micro mill, pay dividends and opportunistically repurchase shares. Additionally, we expect our long-term liquidity position will be sufficient to meet our long-term liquidity needs with cash flows from oper ations and financing
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arrangements. However, in the event of changes in business conditions or other developments, including a sustained market deterioration, unanticipated regulatory or legal developments, significant acquisitions, competitive pressures, or to the extent our liquidity needs prove to be greater than expected or cash generated from operations is less than anticipated, we may need additional liquidity. To the extent we elect to finance our long-term liquidity needs, we believe that the potential financing capital available to us in the future will be sufficient.
We aim to execute a capital allocation strategy that prioritizes both value-accretive growth and competitive cash returns to stockholders. We estimate that our 2025 capital spending will range fro m $550 million to $600 million. We re gularly assess our capital spending based on current and expected results and the amount is subject to change.
During the six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, we repurchased $98.4 million and $76.3 million, respectively, of shares of CMC common stock. Under the share repurchase program, we had remaining authorization to repurchase $305.3 million of shares of CMC common stock at February 28, 2025. See Note 11, Stockholders' Equity and Earnings (Loss) per Share, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q, and Note 15, Capital Stock, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information on the share repurchase program.
During the six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, we paid $41.0 million and $37.4 million, respectively, of cash dividends to our stockholders.
Our credit arrangements require compliance with certain non-financial and financial covenants, including an interest coverage ratio and a debt to capitalization ratio. At February 28, 2025, we believe we were in compliance with all covenants contained in our credit arrangements.
As of February 28, 2025 and August 31, 2024, we had no off-balance sheet arrangements that may have a current or future material effect on our financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources.
As described in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, on November 5, 2024, a jury returned a verdict in favor of PSG in the amount of $110.0 million, which the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the “Northern District Court”), in entering its judgment on the verdict, subsequently trebled as a matter of law. PSG will also be entitled to petition for and recover its attorneys' fees, costs and post-judgment interest. We are confident that we conducted our business appropriately and intend to vigorously pursue all reasonably available avenues to have the verdict and judgment overturned. Nonetheless, unless the verdict and judgment are overturned or the judgment is significantly reduced, the losses incurred in connection with this litigation would have a material adverse effect on our liquidity and financial condition.
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Cash Flows
Operating Activities
Net cash flows from operating activities were $245.5 million and $350.0 million for the six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively. Contributing to the year-over-year change was a decrease in net earnings, excluding the impacts of non-cash items such as the contingent litigation-related loss recorded during the six months ended February 28, 2025. Also, there was a $45.9 million year-over-year net decrease in cash used by operating assets and liabilities primarily driven by a $91.1 million year-over-year decrease in cash used by inventory due to both lower inventory volumes and a lower scrap price environment in the second quarter of 2025, compared to the second quarter of 2024. This decrease was partially offset by a year-over-year decrease in cash provided by accounts receivable of $58.1 million, which was in line with the fluctuations in net sales to external customers described in the Segment Operating Data section. See the section titled "Results of Operations Summary" above for more information regarding the changes in net earnings. See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies for more information about the contingent litigation-related loss.
Investing Activities
Net cash flows used by investing activities were $175.1 million and $158.5 million for the six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively. The year-over-year increase was primarily due to $43.7 million of incremental capital expenditures driven by the construction of our fourth micro mill, which was partially offset by $25.0 million of government assistance pursuant to an agreement with the West Virginia Economic Development Authority. See Note 1, Nature of Operations and Accounting Policies, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for more information regarding the government assistance received during 2025 related to the construction of our fourth micro mill.
Financing Activities
Net cash flows used by financing activities were $169.9 million and $147.8 million for the six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024, respectively. The increase in net cash flows used by financing activities during the six months ended February 28, 2025, compared to the corresponding period, included a $22.1 million increase in treasury stock acquired under the share repurchase program and a $3.6 million increase in dividends paid, partially offset by a $7.6 million decrease in net repayments under our Polish accounts receivable facility. See Note 7, Credit Arrangements, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for more information regarding our Polish accounts receivable facility. See Note 11, Stockholders' Equity and Earnings (Loss) per Share, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q, and Note 15, Capital Stock, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information on the share repurchase program.
CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS
Our material cash commitments from known contractual and other obligations primarily consist of obligations for long-term debt and related interest, leases for properties and equipment, construction of our fourth micro mill and other purchase obligations as part of normal operations. The amount and composition of our material cash commitments have not changed materially since those disclosed in the 2024 Form 10-K.
Other Commercial Commitments
We maintain stand-by letters of credit to provide support for certain transactions that governmental agencies, our insurance providers and suppliers require. At February 28, 2025, we had committed $35.4 million under these arrangements, of which $1.0 million reduced availability under the Revolver (as defined in Note 7, Credit Arrangements, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q).
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CONTINGENCIES
In the ordinary course of conducting our business, we become involved in litigation, administrative proceedings and governmental investigations, including environmental matters. We have in the past, and may in the future, incur settlements, fines, penalties or judgments in connection with some of these matters. Liabilities and costs associated with litigation-related loss contingencies require estimates and judgments based on our knowledge of the facts and circumstances surrounding each matter and the advice of our legal counsel. We record liabilities for litigation-related losses when a loss is probable, and we can reasonably estimate the amount of the loss. For example, in the six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company reported $354.7 million of litigation expense in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings (loss), which amount represents the Company's estimate based on its understanding of the PSG judgment, PSG's attorneys' fees and other related costs, including post-judgment interest. This amount was classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 28, 2025 because the timing of the potential payment is uncertain. We evaluate the measurement of recorded liabilities each reporting period based on the current facts and circumstances specific to each matter. The ultimate losses incurred upon final resolution of litigation-related loss contingencies may differ materially from the estimated liability recorded at a particular balance sheet date. Changes in estimates are recorded in earnings in the period in which such changes occur. See Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q for more information on pending litigation and other matters.
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS
This Form 10-Q contains or incorporates by reference a number of "forward-looking statements" within the meaning of the federal securities laws with respect to general economic conditions, key macro-economic drivers that impact our business, the effects of ongoing trade actions, the effects of continued pressure on the liquidity of our customers, potential synergies and growth provided by acquisitions and strategic investments, demand for our products, shipment volumes, metal margins, the ability to operate our steel mills at full capacity, future availability and cost of supplies of raw materials and energy for our operations, growth rates in certain reportable segments, product margins within our Emerging Businesses Group segment, share repurchases, legal proceedings, construction activity, international trade, the impact of geopolitical conditions, capital expenditures, tax credits, our liquidity and our ability to satisfy future liquidity requirements, estimated contractual obligations, the expected capabilities and benefits of new facilities, the anticipated benefits and timeline for execution of our growth plan and initiatives and our expectations or beliefs concerning future events. The statements in this report that are not historical statements, are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements can generally be identified by phrases such as we or our management "expects," "anticipates," "believes," "estimates," "future," "intends," "may," "plans to," "ought," "could," "will," "should," "likely," "appears," "projects," "forecasts," "outlook" or other similar words or phrases, as well as by discussions of strategy, plans or intentions.
Our forward-looking statements are based on management's expectations and beliefs as of the time this Form 10-Q was filed with the SEC or, with respect to any document incorporated by reference, as of the time such document was prepared. Although we believe that our expectations are reasonable, we can give no assurance that these expectations will prove to have been correct, and actual results may vary materially. Except as required by law, we undertake no obligation to update, amend or clarify any forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of anticipated or unanticipated events, new information or circumstances or any other changes. Important factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from our expectations, among others, include the following:
•changes in economic conditions which affect demand for our products or construction activity generally, and the impact of such changes on the highly cyclical steel industry;
•rapid and significant changes in the price of metals, potentially impairing our inventory values due to declines in commodity prices or reducing the profitability of downstream contracts within our vertically integrated steel operations due to rising commodity pricing;
•excess capacity in our industry, particularly in China, and product availability from competing steel mills and other steel suppliers including import quantities and pricing;
•the impact of geopolitical conditions, including political turmoil and volatility, regional conflicts, terrorism and war on the global economy, inflation, energy supplies and raw materials;
•increased attention to environmental, social and governance ("ESG") matters, including any targets or other ESG, environmental justice or regulatory initiatives;
•operating and startup risks, as well as market risks associated with the commissioning of new projects could prevent us from realizing anticipated benefits and could result in a loss of all or a substantial part of our investments;
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•impacts from global public health crises on the economy, demand for our products, global supply chain and on our operations;
•compliance with and changes in existing and future laws, regulations and other legal requirements and judicial decisions that govern our business, including increased environmental regulations associated with climate change and greenhouse gas emissions;
•involvement in various environmental matters that may result in fines, penalties or judgments;
•evolving remediation technology, changing regulations, possible third-party contributions, the inherent uncertainties of the estimation process and other factors that may impact amounts accrued for environmental liabilities;
•potential limitations in our or our customers' abilities to access credit and non-compliance with their contractual obligations, including payment obligations;
•activity in repurchasing shares of our common stock under our share repurchase program;
•financial and non-financial covenants and restrictions on the operation of our business contained in agreements governing our debt;
•our ability to successfully identify, consummate and integrate acquisitions and realize any or all of the anticipated synergies or other benefits of acquisitions;
•the effects that acquisitions may have on our financial leverage;
•risks associated with acquisitions generally, such as the inability to obtain, or delays in obtaining, required approvals under applicable antitrust legislation and other regulatory and third-party consents and approvals;
•lower than expected future levels of revenues and higher than expected future costs;
•failure or inability to implement growth strategies in a timely manner;
•the impact of goodwill or other indefinite-lived intangible asset impairment charges;
•the impact of long-lived asset impairment charges;
•currency fluctuations;
•global factors, such as trade measures, military conflicts and political uncertainties, including changes to current trade regulations, such as Section 232 trade tariffs and quotas, tax legislation and other regulations which might adversely impact our business;
•availability and pricing of electricity, electrodes and natural gas for mill operations;
•our ability to hire and retain key executives and other employees;
•competition from other materials or from competitors that have a lower cost structure or access to greater financial resources;
•information technology interruptions and breaches in security;
•our ability to make necessary capital expenditures;
•availability and pricing of raw materials and other items over which we exert little influence, including scrap metal, energy and insurance;
•unexpected equipment failures;
•losses or limited potential gains due to hedging transactions;
•litigation claims and settlements, court decisions, regulatory rulings and legal compliance risks, including those related to the PSG litigation and other legal proceedings discussed in Note 12, Commitments and Contingencies, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements and in Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings of this Form 10-Q;
•risk of injury or death to employees, customers or other visitors to our operations; and
•civil unrest, protests and riots.
Refer to the "Risk Factors" disclosed in the sections entitled "Risk Factors" in Part I, Item 1A of our 2024 Form 10-K and Part II, Item 1A of this Form 10-Q for specific information regarding additional risks that would cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements. Forward-looking statements involve known and unknown risks, uncertainties, assumptions and other important factors that could cause actual results, performance or our achievements, or industry results, to differ materially from historical results, any future results, or performance or achievements expressed or implied by such forward-looking statements. Accordingly, readers of this Form 10-Q are cautioned not to place undue reliance on any forward-looking statements.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
As of February 28, 2025, the U.S. dollar equivalent of the Company's total gross foreign currency exchange contract commitments increased $34.4 million, or 15%, compared to August 31, 2024. This increase was primarily due to forward contracts denominated in euro with a Polish zloty functional currency, which increased $30.3 million as of February 28, 2025, compared to August 31, 2024.
There have been no other material changes to the information set forth in Part II, Item 7A, Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk, included in our 2024 Form 10-K.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures
The term "disclosure controls and procedures" is defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) of the Exchange Act. This term refers to the controls and other procedures of a company that are designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by a company in the reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within required time periods, and includes controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the company's management, including its principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, as appropriate, to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Our Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer have evaluated the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures as of the end of the period covered by this Form 10-Q, and they have concluded that as of that date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.
Changes in Internal Control over Financial Reporting
There were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the quarter ended February 28, 2025 that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.
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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
On October 30, 2020, plaintiff Pacific Steel Group ("PSG") filed a suit in the U.S. District Court for the Northern District of California (the "Northern District Court") alleging that CMC, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc. and CMC Steel US, LLC violated the federal and California state antitrust laws and California common law by entering into an exclusivity agreement for certain steel mill equipment manufactured by one of the Company’s equipment suppliers. On November 5, 2024, a jury returned a verdict in favor of PSG in the amount of $110.0 million, which the Northern District Court, in entering its judgment on the verdict, subsequently trebled as a matter of law. PSG will also be entitled to petition for and recover its attorneys' fees, costs, and post-judgment interest. The Company is confident it conducted its business appropriately and intends to vigorously pursue all reasonably available avenues to have the verdict and judgment overturned. On December 20, 2024, CMC, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc. and CMC Steel US, LLC filed a motion with the Northern District Court challenging the jury’s verdict and requesting a new trial. This motion remains pending. In the meantime, as a trial judgment in favor of PSG was rendered, it was determined that there was a probable and reasonably estimable loss, which was recorded as an expense within the condensed consolidated financial statements. In the six months ended February 28, 2025, the Company reported $354.7 million of litigation expense in the condensed consolidated statement of earnings (loss), which represents the Company's estimate based on its understanding of the PSG judgment, PSG's attorneys' fees and other related costs, including post-judgment interest. This amount was classified as a current liability in the condensed consolidated balance sheet as of February 28, 2025 because the timing of the potential payment is uncertain. All other legal expenses for the three and six months ended February 28, 2025 and February 29, 2024 are reported within SG&A expenses. If the verdict and judgment are overturned either as a result of post-trial motions or through the appeals process, the expenses and related liability will be reversed in the same period the verdict and judgment are overturned. The Company's litigation defense costs are expensed as incurred. Although the Company is vigorously pursuing a reversal of the jury’s verdict and the judgment, the ultimate resolution is uncertain.
On March 13, 2022, PSG filed a second suit in the San Diego County Superior Court of California alleging that CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc., CMC Steel US, LLC, and CMC Rebar West (which later merged into CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc.) violated California state antitrust and unfair competition laws by bidding below their costs for rebar furnish-and-install projects in California to hamper PSG's ability to win jobs and to reduce PSG’s profitability. These allegations were initially brought in PSG's lawsuit in the Northern District Court but were dismissed without prejudice by the Northern District Court for lack of jurisdiction. This second lawsuit was later removed to the U.S. District Court for the Southern District of California (the “Southern District Court”). There, PSG seeks, among other things, a jury trial on its claims in addition to injunctive relief, compensatory damages, fees and costs. Fact and expert discovery are complete. On November 12, 2024, CMC Steel Fabricators, Inc., CMC Steel US, LLC and CMC Rebar West filed a motion for summary judgment, and that motion is pending before the Southern District Court. As of the date of this Form 10-Q, no trial has been scheduled. The Company is confident it conducted its business appropriately, believes it has substantial defenses and intends to vigorously defend against PSG's claims. The Company has not recorded any liability for this matter as it does not believe a loss is probable, and it cannot estimate any reasonably possible loss or range of possible loss. It is possible that an unfavorable resolution to this matter could have an adverse effect on the Company’s results of operations, financial position or cash flows.
With respect to administrative or judicial proceedings arising under any federal, state or local provisions that have been enacted or adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or primarily for the purpose of protecting the environment, the Company has determined that it will disclose any such proceeding to which a governmental authority is a party if it reasonably believes such proceeding could result in monetary sanctions, exclusive of interest and costs, of at least $1.0 million. The Company believes that this threshold is reasonably designed to result in disclosure of environmental proceedings that are material to the Company's business or financial condition. Applying this threshold, there were no environmental matters to disclose for this period.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Except as set forth below, there were no material changes to the risk factors previously disclosed in Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, of our 2024 Form 10-K.
Enhanced U.S. tariffs, import/export restrictions or other trade barriers may have a negative effect on global economic conditions, financial markets and our business.
There is currently significant uncertainty about the future relationship between the U.S. and various other countries with respect to trade policies, treaties, tariffs and taxes. Current or future tariffs imposed by the U.S. may negatively impact our customers’
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businesses, thereby causing an indirect negative impact on our sales. For example, in early 2025, the U.S. presidential administration threatened or imposed tariffs on imports from various countries, including China, Mexico and Canada. In response, some of these countries threatened or announced tariffs on imports from the U.S. The extent to which these threats will be enacted and the duration for which enacted tariffs will be in place remain uncertain and could lead to economic decline, which could negatively impact demand for our products and adversely affect our results of operations.
ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Purchases of Equity Securities by the Issuer and Affiliated Purchasers
The following table provides information about purchases of equity securities registered by the Company pursuant to Section 12 of the Exchange Act made by the Company or any affiliated purchasers during the quarter ended February 28, 2025.

Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities(1)
Period |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased |  | Average Price Paid Per Share |  | Total Number of Shares Purchased as Part of Publicly Announced Plans or Programs |  | Approximate Dollar Value of Shares that May Yet Be Purchased Under the Plans or Programs as of the End of Period
December 1, 2024 - December 31, 2024 |  | 298,618 |  |  | $ | 56.28 |  |  | 298,618 |  |  | $ | 336,558,641 |
January 1, 2025 - January 31, 2025 |  | 321,442 |  |  | 49.79 |  |  | 321,442 |  |  | 320,552,973 |
February 1, 2025 - February 28, 2025 |  | 286,543 |  |  | 53.07 |  |  | 286,543 |  |  | 305,347,393 |
|  | 906,603 |  |  |  |  | 906,603 |  |  |

__________________________________
(1) See Note 11, Stockholders' Equity and Earnings (Loss) per Share, in Part I, Item 1, Financial Statements, of this Form 10-Q, and Note 15, Capital Stock, to the consolidated financial statements in the 2024 Form 10-K, for more information on the share repurchase program.
ITEM 3. DEFAULTS UPON SENIOR SECURITIES
None.
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not applicable.
ITEM 5. OTHER INFORMATION
During the three months ended February 28, 2025, none of the Company’s directors or executive officers adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.
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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Pursuant to Item 601(b)(4)(iii) of Regulation S-K, certain long-term debt instruments are omitted because the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10% of the total assets of CMC and its subsidiaries on a consolidated basis. The Company agrees to furnish copies of such instruments to the SEC upon its request.

3.1(a) | Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated March 2, 1989 (filed as Exhibit 3(i) to Commercial Metals Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.1(b) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated February 1, 1994 (filed as Exhibit 3(i)(a) to Commercial Metals Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.1(c) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated February 17, 1995 (filed as Exhibit 3(i)(b) to Commercial Metals Company's Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended August 31, 2009 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.1(d) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated January 30, 2004 (filed as Exhibit 3(i)(d) to Commercial Metals Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 29, 2004 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.1(e) | Certificate of Amendment of Restated Certificate of Incorporation dated January 26, 2006 (filed as Exhibit 3(i) to Commercial Metals Company's Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended February 28, 2006 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.1(f) | Certificate of Designation, Preferences and Rights of Series A Preferred Stock (filed as Exhibit 2 to Commercial Metals Company's Form 8-A filed August 3, 1999 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
3.2 | Amended and Restated Bylaws (filed as Exhibit 3.1 to Commercial Metals Company's Current Report on Form 8-K dated June 21, 2022 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
10.1 | Amendment No. 1 to Commercial Metals Company Employee Stock Purchase Plan, effective January 1, 2025 (filed as Exhibit 10.2 to Commercial Metals Company’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended November 30, 2024 and incorporated herein by reference). |  |  |  |  |
31.1 | Certification of Peter R. Matt, President and Chief Executive Officer of Commercial Metals Company, pursuant to Section 302 to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
31.2 | Certification of Paul J. Lawrence, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Commercial Metals Company, pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
32.1 | Certification of Peter R. Matt, President and Chief Executive Officer of Commercial Metals Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). |  |  |  |  |
32.2 | Certification of Paul J. Lawrence, Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer of Commercial Metals Company, pursuant to 18 U.S.C. 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (furnished herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.INS | Inline XBRL Instance Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.SCH | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.CAL | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.DEF | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.LAB | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
101.PRE | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document (filed herewith). |  |  |  |  |
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (formatted as Inline XBRL document and included in Exhibit 101). |  |  |  |  |

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

| COMMERCIAL METALS COMPANY
March 25, 2025 | /s/ Paul J. Lawrence
| Paul J. Lawrence
| Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer
| (Duly authorized officer and principal financial officer of the registrant)

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