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GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES
 9 Months Ended
May 31, 2025
Goodwill and Intangible Assets Disclosure [Abstract]  
Goodwill and other intangibles
NOTE 6. GOODWILL AND OTHER INTANGIBLES

Goodwill by reportable segment is detailed in the table below:

(in thousands)North America Steel GroupEurope Steel GroupEmerging Businesses GroupConsolidated
Goodwill, gross
Balance, September 1, 2024$126,915 $4,337 $264,568 $395,820 
Foreign currency translation— 152 767 919 
Balance, May 31, 2025126,915 4,489 265,335 396,739 
Accumulated impairment
Balance, September 1, 2024(9,542)(155)(493)(10,190)
Foreign currency translation— (5)— (5)
Balance, May 31, 2025(9,542)(160)(493)(10,195)
Goodwill, net
Balance, September 1, 2024117,373 4,182 264,075 385,630 
Foreign currency translation— 147 767 914 
Balance, May 31, 2025$117,373 $4,329 $264,842 $386,544 

Other indefinite-lived intangible assets consisted of the following:
(in thousands)May 31, 2025August 31, 2024
Trade names$54,732 $54,531 
In-process research and development2,400 2,400 
Non-compete agreements750 750 
Total$57,882 $57,681 

The change in the balance of indefinite-lived intangible assets from August 31, 2024 to May 31, 2025 was due to foreign currency translation adjustments.
Finite-lived intangible assets subject to amortization are detailed in the following table:
 May 31, 2025August 31, 2024
(in thousands)Gross
Carrying Amount		Accumulated AmortizationNetGross
Carrying Amount		Accumulated AmortizationNet
Developed technologies$153,711 $56,618 $97,093 $152,659 $43,540 $109,119 
Customer relationships75,231 22,517 52,714 75,000 16,118 58,882 
Patents8,572 7,298 1,274 7,970 6,595 1,375 
Perpetual lease rights6,628 1,148 5,480 6,404 1,049 5,355 
Other6,062 4,041 2,021 5,937 3,480 2,457 
Total$250,204 $91,622 $158,582 $247,970 $70,782 $177,188 

The foreign currency translation adjustments for intangible assets subject to amortization were immaterial for all periods presented above.

Amortization expense for intangible assets was $6.9 million and $20.5 million in the three and nine months ended May 31, 2025, respectively, of which $4.4 million and $13.0 million, respectively, was recorded in cost of goods sold and the remainder was recorded in SG&A expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss). Amortization expense for intangible assets was $7.1 million and $21.6 million in the three and nine months ended May 31, 2024, respectively, of which $4.5 million and $13.9 million, respectively, was recorded in cost of goods sold and the remainder was recorded in SG&A expenses in the condensed consolidated statements of earnings (loss).

Estimated amortization expense for intangible assets through 2029 is as follows:
(in thousands)
Remainder of 2025
$6,548 
202625,967 
202725,870 
202824,033 
202919,492