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Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Disclosure Of Compensation Related Costs Sharebased Payments [Abstract] |
Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation | Note 13. Stockholders' Equity and Stock-Based Compensation Stockholders' Equity Preferred and Common Stock The authorized capital stock of Nanometrics consists of 47,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.001 per share, and 3,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.001 per share. Stock Repurchase On May 29, 2012, the Company's Board of Directors approved a program to repurchase up to $20.0 million of its common stock, referred to as the 2012 program. Stock repurchases under this program may be made through open market and privately negotiated transactions, at times and in such amounts as management deems appropriate. The timing and actual number of shares repurchased is dependent on a variety of factors including price, corporate and regulatory requirements and other market conditions. There were no shares repurchased and retired during fiscal year 2016. Shares repurchased and retired for fiscal year 2015 and 2014 of the applicable repurchase programs, with the associated cost of repurchase and amount available for repurchase at the end of the respective periods are as follows (in thousands, except number of shares and weighted average price per share):
|  | Fiscal Year 2015 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2014 |
Number of shares of common stock repurchased |  |  | 111,050 |  |  |  | 362,633 |
Weighted average price per share |  | $ | 15.49 |  |  | $ | 14.74 |
Total cost of repurchase |  | $ | 1,721 |  |  | $ | 5,344 |
Amount available for repurchase at end of period |  | $ | 4,397 |  |  | $ | 6,118 |
$4.4 million remained available for the future repurchase of our common stock under the 2012 program. Stock Option Plans The Nanometrics option plans are as follows:
Plan Name |  | Participants |  | Shares Authorized |
2005 Equity Incentive Plan |  | Employees, consultants and directors |  |  | 7,292,594 |
2002 Non-statutory Stock Option Plan |  | Employees and consultants |  |  | 1,200,000 |
2000 Employee Stock Option Plan |  | Employees and consultants |  |  | 2,450,000 |
2000 Director Stock Option Plan |  | Non-employee directors |  |  | 250,000 |
Accent Optical Technologies, Inc. Stock Incentive Plan |  | Employees and consultants |  |  | 205,003 |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan Under the 2003 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“ESPP”), eligible employees are allowed to have salary withholdings of up to 10% of their base compensation to purchase shares of common stock at a price equal to 85% of the lower of the market value of the stock at the beginning or end of each six-month offering period, subject to an annual statutory limitation. At the end of the fiscal year ended December 31, 2016, the Company had 0.1 million shares remaining for issuance under the ESPP. Shares purchased under the ESPP were 212,619 shares, 125,504 shares and 122,112 shares in 2016, 2015 and 2014 at a weighted average price of $14.29, $13.98 and $13.76, respectively. Stock-based Compensation The Company measures and recognizes compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to employees and directors including employee stock options, restricted stock units and employee stock purchases related to the Employee Stock Purchase Plan (collectively “Employee Stock Purchases”) based on estimated fair values. The fair value of share-based payment awards is estimated on the date of grant using an option-pricing model. The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as expense over the requisite service periods in the Company's consolidated statement of operations. Valuation and Expense Information The fair value of stock-based awards to employees is calculated using the Black-Scholes option pricing model, which requires subjective assumptions, including future stock price volatility and expected time to exercise. The expected life of options granted were calculated using the simplified method allowed by the SAB 107. The risk-free rates were based on the U.S Treasury rates in effect during the corresponding period of grant. The expected volatility was based on the historical volatility of the Company's stock price. These factors could change in the future, which would affect the stock-based compensation expense in future periods. The weighted-average fair value of stock-based compensation to employees is based on the single option valuation approach. Forfeitures are estimated and it is assumed no dividends will be declared. The estimated fair value of stock-based compensation awards to employees is amortized over the vesting period of the options. The weighted-average fair value calculations are based on the following average assumptions:
|  | Fiscal Year 2016 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2015 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2014 |
Stock Options: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected life |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  | 4.6 years |
Volatility |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 54.9 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 1.54 | %
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Employee Stock Purchase Plan: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected life |  | 0.5 years |  |  | 0.5 years |  |  | 0.5 years |
Volatility |  |  | 38.7 | % |  |  | 36.9 | % |  |  | 31.2 | %
Risk free interest rate |  |  | 0.44 | % |  |  | 0.12 | % |  |  | 0.54 | %
Dividends |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Stock Options and Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) On May 24, 2013, the Company approved further amendments to the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan including: increasing the number of shares of common stock authorized by 2.6 million shares, changing the multiplier ratio from 2:1 to 1.7:1 against the plan for each award, other than a stock option or stock appreciation right, and providing the maximum term of stock options to be seven years. All other terms remained the same. Stock Options The weighted average fair value per share of the stock options awarded in fiscal year 2014 was $8.13. No stock options were granted in fiscal years 2015 and 2016. A summary of activity of stock options is as follows:
|  | Number of Shares Outstanding (Options) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Term (Years) |  |  | Aggregate Intrinsic Value (in Thousands) |
Options |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 27, 2014 |  |  | 1,382,993 |  |  | $ | 13.92 |  |  |  | 3.41 |  |  | $ | 4,108 |
Exercised |  |  | (229,510 | ) |  |  | 9.65 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled/Forfeited |  |  | (94,012 | ) |  |  | 16.67 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 26, 2015 |  |  | 1,059,471 |  |  |  | 14.61 |  |  |  | 2.47 |  |  | $ | 1,920 |
Exercised |  |  | (442,339 | ) |  |  | 13.66 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cancelled/Forfeited |  |  | (176,587 | ) |  |  | 15.83 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 440,545 |  |  |  | 15.06 |  |  |  | 2.12 |  |  | $ | 4,405 |
Exercisable at December 31, 2016 |  |  | 407,920 |  |  | $ | 14.94 |  |  |  | 2.00 |  |  | $ | 4,129 |
The aggregate intrinsic value in the above table represents the total pretax intrinsic value, based on the Company’s closing stock price of $25.06 as of December 31, 2016, which would have been received by the option holders had all option holders exercised their options as of that date. The total intrinsic value of options exercised during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $2.7 million, $1.6 million and $3.0 million, respectively. The fair value of options vested during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $0.7 million, $1.5 million and $3.2 million, respectively. The following table summarizes ranges of outstanding and exercisable options as of December 31, 2016.
|  | Options Outstanding |  |  | Options Exercisable |
Exercise Prices |  | Number Outstanding |  |  | Weighted Average Remaining Contractual Life (Years) |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |  |  | Number Exercisable |  |  | Weighted Average Exercise Price |
$9.5-$10.46 |  |  | 17,400 |  |  |  | 0.32 |  |  | $ | 10.05 |  |  |  | 17,400 |  |  | $ | 10.05 |
$11.37-$11.37 |  |  | 114,166 |  |  |  | 0.88 |  |  |  | 11.37 |  |  |  | 114,166 |  |  |  | 11.37 |
$12.98-$15.33 |  |  | 45,691 |  |  |  | 3.01 |  |  |  | 14.36 |  |  |  | 38,954 |  |  |  | 14.34 |
$15.35-$15.74 |  |  | 44,437 |  |  |  | 2.58 |  |  |  | 15.65 |  |  |  | 40,586 |  |  |  | 15.65 |
$15.85-$15.85 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  |  | 3.19 |  |  |  | 15.85 |  |  |  | 56,250 |  |  |  | 15.85 |
$15.97-$17.33 |  |  | 57,166 |  |  |  | 2.30 |  |  |  | 16.89 |  |  |  | 48,527 |  |  |  | 16.85 |
$17.7-$18.27 |  |  | 36,935 |  |  |  | 2.34 |  |  |  | 18.12 |  |  |  | 33,267 |  |  |  | 18.15 |
$18.51-$18.51 |  |  | 13,750 |  |  |  | 4.13 |  |  |  | 18.51 |  |  |  | 8,333 |  |  |  | 18.51 |
$18.79-$18.79 |  |  | 1,000 |  |  |  | 4.23 |  |  |  | 18.79 |  |  |  | 437 |  |  |  | 18.79 |
$19.03-$19.03 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  |  | 2.13 |  |  | $ | 19.03 |  |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | $ | 19.03 |
$9.5-$19.03 |  |  | 440,545 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | 407,920 |  |  |  |  |
As of December 31, 2016, the total unrecognized compensation costs related to unvested stock options was $0.2 million and is expected to be recognized as an expense over a weighted average remaining amortization period of 0.65 years. Restricted Stock Units (“RSUs”) Each RSU counts against the Company’s “2005 Equity Incentive Plan” at a ratio of one and seven tenths shares for each unit granted but represents an amount equal to the fair value of one share of the Company’s common stock. The Company granted 476,667 and 506,459 RSUs during the years ended December 31, 2016 and December 26, 2015, respectively, to key employees with vesting periods up to three years. A summary of activity for RSUs is as follows:
Summary of activity for RSUs |  | Number of RSUs |  |  | Weighted Average Fair Value |
Outstanding RSUs as of December 27, 2014 |  |  | 563,337 |  |  | $ | 17.90 |
Granted |  |  | 506,459 |  |  |  | 15.62 |
Released |  |  | (237,520 | ) |  |  | 16.59 |
Cancelled |  |  | (119,033 | ) |  |  | 16.59 |
Outstanding RSUs as of December 26, 2015 |  |  | 713,243 |  |  |  | 15.99 |
Granted |  |  | 476,667 |  |  |  | 17.45 |
Released |  |  | (315,872 | ) |  |  | 16.05 |
Cancelled |  |  | (54,253 | ) |  |  | 16.29 |
Outstanding RSUs as of December 31, 2016 |  |  | 819,785 |  |  | $ | 16.79 |
As of December 31, 2016, the total unrecognized compensation costs related to RSU's was $8.0 million and is expected to be recognized as an expense over a weighted average remaining amortization period of 1.77 years. Market-Based Performance Stock Units (“PSUs”) In addition to granting RSUs that vest on the passage of time only, the Company granted PSUs to an executive. The PSUs will vest in three equal tranches over one, two, three years based on the relative performance of the Company’s stock during those periods, compared to a peer group over the same period. If target stock price performance is achieved, 66.7% of the shares of the Company’s stock subject to the PSUs will vest, and up to a maximum of 100% of the shares subject to the PSUs will vest if the maximum stock price performance is achieved for each tranche. A summary of activity for PSUs is as follows:
Summary of activity for PSUs |  | Number of PSUs |  |  | Weighted Average Fair Value |
Outstanding PSUs as of December 27, 2014 |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Granted |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | $ | 12.23 |
Outstanding PSUs as of December 26, 2015 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  |  | 12.23 |
Granted |  |  | 67,500 |  |  |  | 8.52 |
Released |  |  | (13,333 | ) |  |  | 12.03 |
Cancelled |  |  | (6,667 | ) |  |  | 12.03 |
Outstanding PSUs as of December 31, 2016 |  |  | 107,500 |  |  | $ | 9.94 |
Valuation of PSUs On the date of grant, the Company estimated the fair value of PSUs using a Monte Carlo simulation model. The assumptions for the valuation of PSUs are summarized as follows:
|  | 2016 Award |  |  | 2015 Award |
Grant Date Fair Value Per Share |  | $ | 8.52 |  |  | $ | 12.23 |
Weighted-average assumptions/inputs: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Expected Dividend |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Range of risk-free interest rates |  |  | 0.92% |  |  | 0.25%-1.1% |
Range of expected volatilities for peer group |  | 22%-93% |  |  | 23%-65% |
The number of RSUs granted during fiscal year 2016 was 476,667, which counted as 810,334 shares, and PSUs granted during fiscal year 2016 was 67,500, which counted as 114,750 against the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. The number of RSUs cancelled during fiscal year 2016 was 54,253, which counted as 92,230 shares and PSUs cancelled during fiscal year 2016 was 6,667, which counted as 11,334, against the 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. Each RSU represents an amount equal to the fair value of one share of the Company's common stock. A summary of activity under the Company’s stock option plans including options, RSUs and PSUs during fiscal year 2016, 2015 and 2014 and shares available for grant as of the respective period end dates, is as follows:
|  | Fiscal Year 2016 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2015 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2014 |
Shares available for grant at beginning of fiscal year |  |  | 1,916,589 |  |  |  | 2,464,082 |  |  |  | 2,937,001 |
Options - granted |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | (74,300 | )
Options - cancelled |  |  | 176,587 |  |  |  | 94,012 |  |  |  | 191,061 |
Options - expired plan shares |  |  | (116,192 | ) |  |  | (1,800 | ) |  |  | (17,491 | )
RSUs - granted |  |  | (810,334 | ) |  |  | (860,980 | ) |  |  | (805,120 | )
RSUs - cancelled |  |  | 92,230 |  |  |  | 202,356 |  |  |  | 167,404 |
RSUs - shares issued to satisfy tax withholding obligations |  |  | 179,117 |  |  |  | 120,919 |  |  |  | 65,527 |
PSUs - granted |  |  | (114,750 | ) |  |  | (102,000 | ) |  |  |  |
PSUs - cancelled |  |  | 11,334 |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |
Shares available for grant at end of fiscal year |  |  | 1,334,581 |  |  |  | 1,916,589 |  |  |  | 2,464,082 |
Stock-based Compensation Expense Stock-based compensation expense recognized during the period is based on the value of the portion of share-based payment awards that is ultimately expected to vest during the period. As stock-based compensation expense recognized in the consolidated statement of operations for the years ended December 31, 2016, December 26, 2015 and December 27, 2014 is based on awards expected to vest, it has been reduced for estimated forfeitures. ASC 740 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. The Company's estimated forfeiture rates are based on historical forfeiture experience, which the Company believes is the best available information to estimate the future forfeiture rate. Tax benefits resulting from tax deductions in excess of the compensation cost recognized for those options are required to be separately classified in the consolidated statements of cash flows. The Company recognized $1.0 million of excess tax benefit in fiscal year 2016, and none in both fiscal years 2015 and 2014, respectively. Stock-based compensation expense for all share-based payment awards made to the Company’s employees and directors pursuant to the employee stock option and employee stock purchase plans by function were as follows (in thousands):
|  | Fiscal Year 2016 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2015 |  |  | Fiscal Year 2014 |
Cost of products |  | $ | 403 |  |  | $ | 274 |  |  | $ | 268 |
Cost of service |  |  | 509 |  |  |  | 309 |  |  |  | 287 |
Research and development |  |  | 1,408 |  |  |  | 1,036 |  |  |  | 1,245 |
Selling |  |  | 2,046 |  |  |  | 1,881 |  |  |  | 1,642 |
General and administrative |  |  | 3,300 |  |  |  | 2,748 |  |  |  | 3,243 |
Restructuring |  |  | — |  |  |  | — |  |  |  | 67 |
Total stock-based compensation expense related to employee stock options and employee stock purchases |  | $ | 7,666 |  |  | $ | 6,248 |  |  | $ | 6,752 |

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- Definition The entire disclosure for accounts comprising shareholders' equity, comprised of portions attributable to the parent entity and noncontrolling interest, including other comprehensive income, and compensation-related costs for equity-based compensation. Includes, but is not limited to, disclosure of policies, compensation plan details, equity-based arrangements to obtain goods and services, deferred compensation arrangements, and employee stock purchase plan details. + References No definition available. + Details
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