5. Goodwill and Identifiable Intangible Assets

The change in the net carrying amount of goodwill by segment was as follows:



(In millions)	Kitchen & Bath Cabinetry			Plumbing & Accessories		Advanced Material Windows & Door Systems			Security & Storage			Total Goodwill
Balance at December 31, 2011^(a)	$	491.2		$	569.7	$	230.2		$	75.5		$	1,366.6
2012 translation adjustments		0.6			—		—			0.2			0.8
Acquisition-related adjustments		—			—		(1.1	)		15.1			14.0
Balance at December 31, 2012^(a)	$	491.8		$	569.7	$	229.1		$	90.8		$	1,381.4
2013 translation adjustments		(2.4	)		—		—			(1.4	)		(3.8	)
Acquisition-related adjustments		142.3			—		—			—			142.3
Balance at December 31, 2013^(a)	$	631.7		$	569.7	$	229.1		$	89.4		$	1,519.9

^(a)	Net of accumulated impairment losses of $541.4 million ($451.3 million in the Advanced Material Windows & Door Systems segment and $90.1 million in the Security & Storage segment).

Amortizable intangible assets, principally tradenames and customer relationships, are subject to amortization over their estimated useful life, 5 to 30 years, based on the assessment of a number of factors that may impact useful life. These factors include historical and tradename performance with respect to consumer name recognition, geographic market presence, market share, plans for ongoing tradename support and promotion and other relevant factors.

The gross carrying value and accumulated amortization by class of intangible assets as of December 31, 2013 and 2012 were as follows:


	As of December 31, 2013							As of December 31, 2012
(In millions)	Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value		Gross Carrying Amounts		Accumulated Amortization			Net Book Value
Indefinite-lived intangible assets — tradenames	$	597.2	$	(42.0	)^(a)	$	555.2	$	603.4	$	(42.0	)^(a)	$	561.4
Amortizable intangible assets
Tradenames		19.6		(7.4	)		12.2		17.8		(6.9	)		10.9
Customer and contractual relationships		348.6		(182.5	)		166.1		274.2		(174.4	)		99.8
Patents/proprietary technology		63.2		(43.8	)		19.4		52.6		(41.1	)		11.5
Total		431.4		(233.7	)		197.7		344.6		(222.4	)		122.2
Total identifiable intangibles	$	1,028.6	$	(275.7	)	$	752.9	$	948.0	$	(264.4	)	$	683.6

^(a)	Accumulated amortization prior to the adoption of revised ASC requirements for Intangibles — Goodwill and Other Assets.

The decrease in the net book value of indefinite-lived intangible assets, principally tradenames, from December 31, 2012 to December 31, 2013 of $6.2 million was due to foreign currency adjustments. The $86.8 million increase in gross amortizable identifiable intangible assets was predominantly due to the acquisition of WoodCrafters ($89.4 million).

We expect to record intangible amortization of approximately $16 million in 2014, trending down to $12 million in 2018.

We review indefinite-lived intangible assets for impairment annually in the fourth quarter, as well as whenever market or business events indicate there may be a potential impact on a specific intangible asset. Impairment losses are recorded to the extent that the carrying value of the indefinite-lived intangible asset exceeds its fair value. We measure fair value using the standard relief-from-royalty approach which estimates the present value of royalty income that could be hypothetically earned by licensing the brand name to a third party over the remaining useful life.

As of December 31, 2013, the fair value of each of our reporting units except for one of the reporting units in the Advanced Material Doors & Windows segment exceeded the carrying value by a substantial margin. The estimated excess fair value of this reporting unit is less than 10%. In addition, for one of the tradenames within this reporting unit, fair value exceeded its carrying value by less than 10%. Accordingly, a reduction in the estimated fair value of this reporting unit or tradename could trigger an impairment. As of December 31, 2013, the book value of the goodwill of this reporting unit and this tradename was $86.1 million and $58.4 million, respectively. Factors influencing fair value estimates of this reporting unit that could trigger future impairment are enumerated in the final paragraph of this footnote.

In the fourth quarter of 2012, in conjunction with our annual impairment testing, we recorded pre-tax indefinite-lived tradename impairment charges of $15.8 million. These charges were recorded on the asset impairment charges line of the income statement. The impairment charges in our Advanced Material Windows & Door Systems segment were $9.9 million and the impairment charge in our Kitchen & Bath Cabinetry segment was $5.9 million. These charges were primarily the result of an increase in our market-participant cost of capital discount rates. One tradename in the Kitchen & Bath Cabinetry segment was also impacted by reduced revenue growth expectations for high-end discretionary cabinet purchases developed during our annual planning process that was completed in the fourth quarter.

In the fourth quarter of 2011, in conjunction with our annual impairment testing, we recorded pre-tax indefinite-lived tradename impairment charges of $90.0 million in our Advanced Material Windows & Door Systems segment. These charges were primarily the result of reduced revenue growth and profit margin expectations associated with our Simonton tradename. Our revenue and profit margin expectations were lowered based upon the results of our annual planning process that was completed in the fourth quarter of 2011 and included consideration of our actual fourth quarter 2011 results, including lower 2011 sales due to the expiration of U.S. tax incentives for purchases of energy-efficient home products, as well as our projection of the recovery of the U.S. home products market.

The events and/or circumstances that could have a potential negative effect on the estimated fair value of our reporting units and indefinite-lived tradenames include: actual new construction and repair and remodel growth rates that lag our assumptions, actions of key customers, volatility of discount rates, continued economic uncertainty, higher levels of unemployment, weak consumer confidence, and lower levels of discretionary consumer spending. In addition, future decisions we could make with regard to acquisitions and divestitures could trigger a requirement to measure certain assets as held for sale with the resulting change in measurement standard potentially triggering impairments. While our cash flow projections used to assess impairment of our goodwill and other intangible assets held for use are influenced by a number of variables, they are most significantly influenced by our projection for the continued recovery of the U.S. home products markets in the next three years and our ability to execute on various planned cost reduction initiatives supporting operating income improvements forecasted to occur over the next three years. We evaluate our projection of the U.S. home products market periodically and in connection with our annual operating plans finalized in the fourth quarter of each year. The U.S. home products market is highly dependent on U.S. new home construction and the rate of spending on repair and remodel activities. Our projection for the U.S. home products markets is inherently subject to a number of uncertain factors, such as employment, home prices, credit availability, and the rate of home foreclosures. Significant changes in these and other factors could cause us to change our cash flow projections in future periods which could trigger impairment of goodwill or indefinite-lived intangible assets in the period in which such changes occur.