13.

Income Taxes

The effective income tax rates for the six months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were 27.4% and 28.2%, respectively. The effective income tax rate in 2018 was favorably impacted by the corporate tax rate reduction from 35% to 21% under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), and a benefit associated with the U.S. research and development credit. The effective income tax rate in 2018 was unfavorably impacted by an adjustment to the deemed repatriation tax liability recorded in 2017 under the Tax Act, the repeal of the Domestic Production Activity (Internal Revenue Code Section 199) Deduction, state and local taxes, and increases to uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rate in 2017 was favorably impacted by a tax benefit attributable to the share-based compensation (ASU 2016-09) deduction, a tax benefit attributable to the Domestic Production Activity (Internal Revenue Code Section 199) Deduction, favorable tax rates in foreign jurisdictions, and a benefit associated with the U.S. research and development credit, offset by state and local taxes and increases to uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rates for the three months ended June 30, 2018 and 2017 were 25.7% and 29.6%, respectively. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was favorably impacted by the corporate tax rate reduction from 35% to 21% under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”), and a benefit associated with the U.S. research and development credit. The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2018 was unfavorably impacted by the repeal of the Domestic Production Activity (Internal Revenue Code Section 199) Deduction, state and local taxes, and increases to uncertain tax positions.

The effective income tax rate for the three months ended June 30, 2017 was favorably impacted by a tax benefit attributable to the share-based compensation deduction, a tax benefit attributable to the Domestic Production Activity (Internal Revenue Code Section 199) Deduction, favorable tax rates in foreign jurisdictions, and a benefit associated with the U.S. research and development credit, offset by state and local taxes and increases to uncertain tax positions.

On December 22, 2017, Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) was issued which deals with the application of U.S. GAAP to situations where a registrant does not have the necessary information available, prepared or analyzed (including computations) in reasonable detail to complete the accounting for certain income tax effects of the Tax Act. In accordance with SAB 118, we calculated our best estimate of the impact of the Tax Act on our 2017 effective income tax rate. Due to additional guidance received in the first quarter of 2018 and additional analysis, an unfavorable adjustment of $5.4 million, impacting the six months ended June 30, 2018 was recorded to income tax expense during the first quarter of 2018. As of June 30, 2018, we have not completed our accounting for all of the tax effects of the Tax Act.

It is reasonably possible that, within the next 12 months, total unrecognized tax benefits may decrease in the range of $2.0 million to $11.0 million, primarily as a result of the conclusion of pending U.S. federal, state and foreign income tax proceedings.