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Note 2 - Significant Accounting Policies | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2016
Notes to Financial Statements |
Significant Accounting Policies [Text Block] |
NOTE 2: - |  | SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES
The consolidated financial statements are prepared according to United States generally accepted accounting principles (“U.S. GAAP”), applied on a consistent basis, as follows:
a. | Use of Estimates:
The preparation of the consolidated financial statements in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles requires management to make estimates, judgments and assumptions. The Company’s management believes that the estimates, judgments and assumptions used are reasonable based upon information available at the time they are made. These estimates, judgments and assumptions can affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the dates of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates. On an ongoing basis, the Company’s management evaluates estimates, including those related to accounts receivable and sales allowances, fair values of stock-based awards, deferred taxes and income tax uncertainties, and contingent liabilities. Such estimates are based on historical experience and on various other assumptions that are believed to be reasonable, the results of which form the basis for making judgments about the carrying values of assets and liabilities.
| b. | Financial Statements in U.S. Dollars:
Most of the revenues and costs of VSI are denominated in United States dollars (“dollars”). Some of the subsidiaries’ revenues and costs are primarily incurred in Euros, the Pound Sterling, Canadian dollars and NIS; however, the Company’s management believes that the dollar is the primary currency of the economic environment in which VSI and each of its subsidiaries operate. Thus, the dollar is the Company’s functional and reporting currency. Accordingly, transactions denominated in currencies other than the functional currency are re-measured to the functional currency in accordance with ASC No. 830, “Foreign Currency Matters” at the exchange rate at the date of the transaction or the average exchange rate in the quarter. At the end of each reporting period, financial assets and liabilities are re-measured to the functional currency using exchange rates in effect at the balance sheet date. Non-financial assets and liabilities are re-measured at historical exchange rates. Gains and losses related to re-measurement are recorded as financial income (expense) in the consolidated statements of operations as appropriate.
| c. | Principles of Consolidation:
The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of VSI and its wholly-owned subsidiaries, VSL, VSUK, VSG, VSF, VSC and VIRE. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated upon consolidation.
d. | Cash Equivalents:
Cash equivalents are short-term highly liquid investments that are readily convertible to cash with original maturities of three months or less.
| e. | Short-Term Deposits:
A short-term bank deposit is a deposit with a maturity of more than three months but less than one year. Deposits in U.S. dollars bear interest at rates ranging from 0.55% - 1.11% and 0.30% - 1.00%, per annum, as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. Deposits in NIS bear interest at a rate of 0.15% per annum as of December 31, 2016. The Company had no short-term deposits in NIS as of December 31, 2015. Short-term deposits are presented at cost which approximates market value due to their short maturities.
| f. | Restricted Cash:
Restricted cash is primarily invested in certificates of deposit and is used mostly as security for the Company’s lease commitments. The Company had no short-term restricted cash as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively. The Company had long-term restricted cash in the amount of $488 and $468 as of December 31, 2016 and 2015, respectively.
| g. | Property and Equipment:
Property and equipment are stated at cost, net of accumulated depreciation. Depreciation is calculated using the straight-line method over the estimated useful lives of the assets at the following annual rates:
|  |  | % |
Computer equipment |  |  | 33 |
Office furniture and equipment |  | 7 | - | 15
Leasehold improvements |  |  | Over the shorter of the lease term or estimated useful life |
| h. | Impairment of Long-Lived Assets:
The Company’s long-lived assets are reviewed for impairment in accordance with ASC No. 360 “Property, Plant and Equipment” whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of an asset (or asset group) may not be recoverable. Recoverability of assets (or asset group) to be held and used is measured by a comparison of the carrying amount of an asset to the future undiscounted cash flows expected to be generated by the assets. If such assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment to be recognized is measured by the amount by which the carrying amount of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, no impairment losses have been recorded.
| i. | Long-Term Lease Deposits:
Long-term lease deposits include long-term deposits for offices.
| j. | Revenue Recognition:
The Company generates revenues in the form of software license fees and related maintenance and services fees. Maintenance and services primarily consist of fees for maintenance services (including support and unspecified upgrades and enhancements when and if they are available) and professional services (including training) that are not essential to functionality of the Company’s software. The Company sells its products worldwide directly to a network of distributors and VARs. The Company accounts for the sale of perpetual software in accordance with ASC No. 985 - 605, “Software Revenue Recognition”. As required by ASC 985 - 605, the Company determines the value of the software component of its multiple-element arrangements using the residual method when vendor specific objective evidence (VSOE) of fair value exists for the undelivered elements of maintenance, and professional services agreements. VSOE is based on the price charged when an element is sold separately or renewed. Under the residual method, the fair value of the undelivered elements is deferred, and the remaining portion of the arrangement fee is allocated to the delivered elements and is recognized as revenue, when all ASC 985 - 605 criteria for revenue recognition are met. The Company determines the fair value based on the stand alone sales price charged for maintenance, and professional services. The Company has defined classes of transactions, based on the value of licensed software products purchased from the Company. The Company prices renewals for each class of transaction as a fixed percentage of the total gross value of licensed software products the customer purchased. Software license revenues are recognized when persuasive evidence of an arrangement exists, the software license has been delivered, there are no uncertainties surrounding product acceptance, there are no significant future performance obligations, the license fees are fixed or determinable and collection of the license fee is considered probable. Fees for arrangements with payment terms extending beyond customary payment terms are considered not to be fixed or determinable, in which case revenue is deferred and recognized when payments become due from the customer provided that all other revenue recognition criteria have been met. The Company recognizes revenues from the sale of term license arrangements, ratably, on a straight-line basis, over the term of the underlying maintenance contract, and is typically up to one year. The Company recognizes revenues from maintenance ratably over the term of the underlying maintenance contract term. The term of the maintenance contract is usually one year. Revenues from professional services consist mostly of time and material services and, accordingly, are recognized as the services are performed or when the service term has expired. Professional services bundled with licensed software and other software related elements are not essential to the functionality of the other elements of the arrangement. Revenues allocable to the services are recognized as the services are performed or when the service term has expired, using VSOE for such services. Deferred revenues represent unrecognized fees billed or collected for maintenance and professional services. The Company does not grant a right of return to its customers, except for one of its resellers. During the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, there were no returns from this reseller.
| k. | Cost of Revenues:
Cost of revenues consists of the cost of maintenance and services, resulting from costs associated with support, and professional services.
| l. | Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation:
The Company accounts for stock-based compensation in accordance with ASC No. 718, “Compensation-Stock Compensation”. ASC No. 718 requires companies to estimate the fair value of equity-based payment awards on the date of grant using an Option-Pricing Model (“OPM”). The value of the portion of the award that is ultimately expected to vest is recognized as an expense over the requisite service periods in the Company’s consolidated statements of operations. The Company recognizes compensation expenses for the value of its awards granted based on the straight-line method over the requisite service period of each of the awards, net of estimated forfeitures. ASC No. 718 requires forfeitures to be estimated at the time of grant and revised, if necessary, in subsequent periods if actual forfeitures differ from those estimates. Estimated forfeitures are based on actual historical pre-vesting forfeitures. The Company applies ASC 718 and ASC 505 - 50, “Equity-Based Payments to Non-Employees” with respect to options issued to non-employee consultants. Accordingly, the Company uses option valuation models to measure the fair value of the options at the measurement date as defined in ASC 505 - 50. The Company selected the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model as the most appropriate fair value method for its stock options awards, whereas the fair value of restricted stock units is based on the market value of the underlying shares at the date of grant. The fair value of options granted to employees and non-employee directors is estimated at the date of grant using the following weighted average assumptions:
|  | Year ended December 31,
|  | 2016 |  | 2015 |  | 2014
Dividend yield |  |  | 0 | % |  |  | 0% |  |  |  | 0% |
Expected volatility |  |  | 62.1 | % |  |  | 65% |  |  | 60% | - | 64%
Risk-free interest |  |  | 1.42 | % |  | 1.94 | - | 2.00% |  | 1.97 | - | 2.30%
Expected life |  |  | 6.25 |  |  |  | 6.25 |  |  |  | 6.25 |
The Company used its historical volatility in accordance with ASC 718. The computation of volatility uses historical volatility derived from the Company’s exchange traded shares. Expected term of options granted is calculated based on the simplified method, in accordance with SAB 110, (i.e., as the average between the vesting period and the contractual term of the options). The risk free interest rate assumption is the implied yield currently available on United States treasury zero -coupon issues with a remaining term equal to the expected life of the Company’s options. The dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s historical experience and expectation of no future dividend payouts and may be subject to substantial change in the future. The Company has historically not paid cash dividends and has no foreseeable plans to pay cash dividends in the future. The non-cash compensation expenses related to employees and consultants for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014 amounted to $12,938, $7,794 and $4,664, respectively.
m. | Research and Development Costs:
Research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred. ASC No. 985 - 20, “Software-Costs of Software to Be Sold, Leased, or Marketed,” requires capitalization of certain software development costs subsequent to the establishment of technological feasibility. Based on the Company’s product development process, technological feasibility is established upon the completion of a working model. The Company does not incur material costs between the completion of the working model and the point at which the product is ready for general release. Therefore, research and development costs are charged to the statement of operations as incurred.
| n. | Income Taxes:
The Company accounts for income taxes in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification No. 740, using the liability method whereby deferred tax assets and liability account balances are determined based on the differences between financial reporting and the tax basis for assets and liabilities and are measured using the enacted tax rates and laws that will be in effect when the differences are expected to reverse. The Company provides a valuation allowance, if necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amounts that are more likely-than-not to be realized. ASC 740 contains a two -step approach to recognizing and measuring a liability for uncertain tax positions. The first step is to evaluate the tax position taken or expected to be taken in a tax return by determining if the weight of available evidence indicates that it is more likely than not that, on an evaluation of the technical merits, the tax position will be sustained on audit, including resolution of any related appeals or litigation processes. The second step is to measure the tax benefit as the largest amount that is more than 50% likely to be realized upon ultimate settlement. The Company accrues interest and penalties related to unrecognized tax provisions in its taxes on income.
| o. | Derivative Instruments:
The Company’s primary objective for holding derivative instruments is to reduce its exposure to foreign currency rate changes. The Company reduces its exposure by entering into forward foreign exchange contracts with respect to operating expenses that are forecast to be incurred in currencies other than the U.S. dollar. A majority of the Company’s revenues and a majority of its operating expenditures are transacted in U.S. dollars. However, certain operating expenditures are incurred in or exposed to other currencies, primarily the NIS. The Company has established forecasted transaction currency risk management programs to protect against fluctuations in fair value and the volatility of future cash flows caused by changes in exchange rates. The Company’s currency risk management program includes forward foreign exchange contracts designated as cash flow hedges. These forward foreign exchange contracts generally mature within 12 months. The Company does not enter into derivative financial instruments for trading purposes. Derivative instruments measured at fair value and their classification on the consolidated balance sheets are presented in the following table (in thousands):
|  | Liabilities as of December 31, 2016 |  | Liabilities as of December 31, 2015
|  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Notional Amount |  | Fair Value
Foreign Exchange Forward Contract Derivatives in cash flow hedging relationships—included in accrued expenses and other liabilities |  | $ | 46,116 |  |  | $ | (479 | ) |  | $ | 36,070 |  |  | $ | (331 | )
For the years ended December 31, 2016 and 2015, the consolidated statements of operations reflect a gain of approximately $332 and a loss of $307, respectively, related to the effective portion of foreign currency forward contracts. There was no ineffective portion for the year ended December 31, 2016 and 2015. p. Concentrations of Credit Risks: Financial instruments that potentially subject the Company to concentrations of credit risk consist principally of cash, cash equivalents, short-term deposits and trade receivables. The Company’s cash, cash equivalents and short-term deposits are invested in major banks mainly in the United States but also in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Israel and Canada. Such deposits in the United States may be in excess of insured limits and are not insured in other jurisdictions. The Company maintains cash and cash equivalents with diverse financial institutions and monitors the amount of credit exposure to each financial institution. The Company’s trade receivables are geographically diversified and derived primarily from sales to a network of distributors and VARs mainly in the United States and Europe. Concentration of credit risk with respect to trade receivables is limited by credit limits, ongoing credit evaluation and account monitoring procedures. The Company performs ongoing credit evaluations of its channel partners and establishes an allowance for doubtful accounts based upon a specific review of all significant outstanding invoices. The Company writes off receivables when they are deemed uncollectible and having exhausted all collection efforts.
q. | Retirement and Severance Pay:
VSI makes available to its employees a retirement plan (the “U.S. Plan”) that qualifies as a deferred salary arrangement under Section 401(k) of the Internal Revenue Code. Participants in the U.S. Plan may elect to defer a portion of their pre-tax earnings, up to the Internal Revenue Service annual contribution limit. VSI matches 100% of each participant’s contributions up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s base pay and 50% of each participant’s contributions on contributions between 3% and 5% of the participant’s base pay. Each participant may contribute up to 80% of base remuneration up to the Internal Revenue Service’s annual contribution limit. Contributions to the U.S. Plan are recorded during the year contributed as an expense in the consolidated statements of income. Pursuant to Israel’s Severance Pay Law, Israeli employees are entitled to severance pay equal to one month’s salary for each year of employment, or a portion thereof. The employees of the Israeli subsidiary elected to be included under section 14 of the Severance Pay Law, 1963 (“section 14”). According to this section, these employees are entitled only to monthly deposits, at a rate of 8.33% of their monthly salary, made in their name with insurance companies. Payments in accordance with section 14 release the Company from any future severance payments (under the above Israeli Severance Pay Law) in respect of those employees; therefore, related assets and liabilities are not presented in the balance sheet. The Company’s liability for severance pay for the employees of its French subsidiary is calculated pursuant to French law, according to which French employees are entitled to an indemnity (a statutory redundancy). The law provides for the payment of severance payment to any employee working for the French subsidiary for at least a year. VSUK makes available to certain eligible employees a pension plan whereby participants in the plan may elect to defer a portion of their earnings. VSUK matches 100% of each participant’s contributions up to a maximum of 3% of the participant’s net pay. Total Company expenses related to retirement and severance pay amounted to $3,775, $3,085 and $2,651 for the years ended December 31, 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.
r. | Fair Value of Financial Instruments:
Fair value is an exit price, representing the amount that would be received to sell an asset or paid to transfer a liability in an orderly transaction between market participants. As such, fair value is a market-based measurement that should be determined based on assumptions that market participants would use in pricing an asset or a liability. A three tier fair value hierarchy is established as a basis for considering such assumptions and for inputs used in the valuation methodologies in measuring fair value:
| • | Level 1: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices (unadjusted) for identical assets or liabilities in active markets.
| • | Level 2: Observable inputs that reflect quoted prices for identical assets or liabilities in markets that are not active; quoted prices for similar assets or liabilities in active markets; inputs other than quoted prices that are observable for the assets or liabilities; or inputs that are derived principally from or corroborated by observable market data by correlation or other means.
| • | Level 3: Unobservable inputs reflecting our own assumptions incorporated in valuation techniques used to determine fair value. These assumptions are required to be consistent with market participant assumptions that are reasonably available.
The fair value hierarchy also requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. The carrying amounts of cash and cash equivalents, trade receivables, short-term deposits and trade payables approximate their fair value due to the short-term maturity of such instruments.
s. | Basic and Diluted Net Loss Per Share:
Basic net loss per share is computed by dividing the net loss by the weighted-average number of shares of common stock outstanding during the period. Diluted net loss per share is computed by giving effect to all potential shares of common stock, including stock options, convertible preferred stock warrants stock, to the extent dilutive. Basic and diluted net loss per share was the same for each period presented as the inclusion of all potential shares of common stock outstanding would have been anti-dilutive.
| t. | Contingent Liabilities:
The Company accounts for its contingent liabilities in accordance with ASC No. 450 “Contingencies”. A provision is recorded when it is both probable that a liability has been incurred and the amount of the loss can be reasonably estimated. With respect to legal matters, provisions are reviewed and adjusted to reflect the impact of negotiations, estimated settlements, legal rulings, advice of legal counsel and other information and events pertaining to a particular matter. As of December 31, 2016 and 2015, the Company was not a party to any ligation that could have a material adverse effect on the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations or cash flows.
| u. | Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements:
In May 2014, the FASB issued ASU No. 2014 - 09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, an updated standard on revenue recognition and issued subsequent amendments to the initial guidance in March 2016, April 2016, May 2016 and December 2016 within ASU 2016 - 08, 2016 - 10, 2016 - 12, 2016 - 20, respectively . The new standards provide enhancements to the quality and consistency of how revenue is reported while also improving comparability in the financial statements of companies reporting using IFRS and US GAAP. The core principle of the new standard is for companies to recognize revenue to depict the transfer of goods or services to customers in amounts that reflect the consideration (that is, payment) to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. The new standard also will result in enhanced disclosures about revenue, provide guidance for transactions that were not previously addressed comprehensively (for example, service revenue and contract modifications) and improve guidance for multiple-element arrangements. ASU 2014 - 09 was initially scheduled to be effective for annual and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2016 and may be adopted either on a full retrospective or modified retrospective approach. However, on July 9, 2015, the FASB approved a one year deferral of the effective date of ASU 2014 - 09. The revised effective date is for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2017 and interim periods thereafter, with an early adoption permitted as of the original effective date. The Company has decided not to early adopt this standard and is currently evaluating the impact of implementation of this standard on its consolidated financial statements. In May 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 11, “Revenue Recognition: Customer Payments and Incentives”, which clarifies the guidance in recognizing costs for consideration given by a vendor to a customer as a component of cost of sales. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2017. The Company is currently evaluating the impact of this standard on its consolidated financial statements and related disclosures. In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 09, “Compensation – Stock Compensation”, which effects all entities that issue share-based payment awards to their employees. The amendments in this ASU cover such areas as the recognition of excess tax benefits and deficiencies, the classification of those excess tax benefits on the statement of cash flows, an accounting policy election for forfeitures, the amount an employer can withhold to cover income taxes and still qualify for equity classification and the classification of those taxes paid on the statement of cash flows. This ASU is effective for annual and interim periods beginning after December 15, 2016. This guidance can be applied either prospectively, retrospectively or using a modified retrospective transition method. Early adoption is permitted. The Company has decided not to early adopt this standard and is currently evaluating this ASU to determine the impact of its adoption on its consolidated financial statements. In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016 - 02, “Leases”, on the recognition, measurement, presentation and disclosure of leases for both parties to a contract (i.e., lessees and lessors). The new standard requires lessees to apply a dual approach, classifying leases as either finance or operating leases based on the principle of whether or not the lease is effectively a financed purchase by the lessee. This classification will determine whether lease expense is recognized based on an effective interest method or on a straight line basis over the term of the lease, respectively. A lessee is also required to record a right-of-use asset and a lease liability for all leases with a term of greater than 12 months regardless of their classification. Leases with a term of 12 months or less will be accounted for in a manner similar to the accounting under existing guidance for operating leases today. The new standard requires lessors to account for leases using an approach that is substantially equivalent to existing guidance for sales-type leases, direct financing leases and operating leases. ASC 842 supersedes the previous leases standard, ASC 840, "Leases". The guidance is effective for the interim and annual periods beginning on or after December 15, 2018, and early adoption is permitted. The Company is currently evaluating whether to early adopt this standard and the potential effect of the guidance on its consolidated financial statements.

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