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ACQUISITIONS | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 31, 2022
Business Combinations [Abstract] |
Acquisitions | NOTE 3 - ACQUISITIONS In 2020, we acquired two major steelmakers, AK Steel and ArcelorMittal USA, vertically integrating our legacy iron ore business with steel production. In 2021, we also entered into the scrap business with the FPT Acquisition. We are vertically integrated from mined raw materials, direct reduced iron and ferrous scrap to primary steelmaking and downstream finishing, stamping, tooling and tubing. We now have a presence across the entire steel manufacturing process, from mining to pelletizing to the development and production of finished high value steel products. The AK Steel Merger combined Cliffs, a historic producer of iron ore pellets, with AK Steel, a producer of flat-rolled carbon, stainless and electrical steel products, to create a vertically integrated producer of value-added iron ore and steel products. The AM USA Transaction transformed us into a fully-integrated steel enterprise with the size and scale to expand product offerings and improve through-the-cycle margins. The FPT Acquisition provides us a competitive advantage in sourcing prime scrap, a key raw material for our steelmaking facilities. FPT ACQUISITION OVERVIEW On November 18, 2021, pursuant to the FPT Acquisition Agreement, we completed the FPT Acquisition, in which we were the acquirer. Following the FPT Acquisition, the operating results of FPT are included in our consolidated financial statements. For the period subsequent to the FPT Acquisition (November 18, 2021 through December 31, 2021), FPT generated Revenues of $153 million and a loss of $18 million included within Net income (loss) attributable to Cliffs shareholders, which included $22 million related to amortization of the fair value inventory step-up. The fair value of the total purchase consideration was determined as follows:
(In millions) |
Cash consideration: |
Cash consideration pursuant to the FPT Acquisition Agreement | $ | 778 |
Cash consideration paid related to IRC Section 338(h)(10) | 23 |
Total cash consideration | 801 |
Fair value of settlement of a pre-existing relationship | (20) |
Total purchase consideration | $ | 781 |
We made certain elections under Section 338(h)(10) of the IRC with respect to entities acquired in connection with the FPT Acquisition that were finalized during the third quarter of 2022, which changed the final cash consideration. VALUATION ASSUMPTION AND PURCHASE PRICE ALLOCATION The allocation of consideration to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the FPT Acquisition was based on estimated fair values at November 18, 2021, and was finalized during the quarter ended December 31, 2022. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the FPT Acquisition:
(In millions) | Initial Allocation of Consideration |  | Measurement Period Adjustments |  | Final Allocation of Consideration as of December 31, 2022
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 9 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 9 |
Accounts receivable, net | 233 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 235 |
Inventories | 137 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 135 |
Other current assets | 4 |  |  | (1) |  |  | 3 |
Property, plant and equipment | 179 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 191 |
Other non-current assets | 74 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 72 |
Accounts payable | (122) |  |  | — |  |  | (122) |
Accrued employment costs | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | (8) |
Other current liabilities | (9) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (6) |
Other non-current liabilities | (21) |  |  | — |  |  | (21) |
Net identifiable assets acquired | 476 |  |  | 12 |  |  | 488 |
Goodwill | 279 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 293 |
Total net assets acquired | $ | 755 |  |  | $ | 26 |  |  | $ | 781 |
The goodwill resulting from the FPT Acquisition primarily represents the incremental benefit of providing substantial access to prime scrap for our vertically integrated steelmaking business, as well as any synergistic benefits to be realized from the FPT Acquisition within our Steelmaking segment. We have $296 million in goodwill that is deductible for tax purposes from the FPT Acquisition. The purchase price allocated to identifiable intangible assets acquired was:
| (In millions) |  | Weighted Average Life (In years)
Customer relationships | $ | 13 |  |  | 15
Supplier relationships | 29 |  |  | 18
Trade names and trademarks | 7 |  |  | 15
Total identifiable intangible assets | $ | 49 |  |  | 17
Intangible assets are classified as Other non-current assets on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. ACQUISITION OF ARCELORMITTAL USA OVERVIEW On December 9, 2020, pursuant to the terms of the AM USA Transaction Agreement, we purchased ArcelorMittal USA from ArcelorMittal. In connection with the closing of the AM USA Transaction, as contemplated by the terms of the AM USA Transaction Agreement, ArcelorMittal’s former joint venture partner in Kote and Tek exercised its put right pursuant to the terms of the Kote and Tek joint venture agreements. As a result, we purchased all of such joint venture partner’s interests in Kote and Tek. Following the closing of the AM USA Transaction, we own 100% of the interests in Kote and Tek. We incurred acquisition-related costs, excluding severance costs, of $3 million and $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in connection with the AM USA Transaction, which were recorded in Acquisition-related costs in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. The fair value of the total purchase consideration was determined as follows:
(In millions) |
Fair value of Cliffs common shares issued | $ | 990 |
Fair value of Cliffs Series B Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock issued | 738 |
Fair value of settlement of a pre-existing relationship | 237 |
Cash consideration | 639 |
Total purchase consideration | $ | 2,604 |
The fair value of Cliffs common shares issued was calculated as follows:
Number of Cliffs common shares issued | 78,186,671
Closing price of Cliffs common share as of December 9, 2020 | $ | 12.66 |
Fair value of Cliffs common shares issued (in millions) | $ | 990 |
The fair value of Cliffs Series B Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock issued was calculated as follows:
Number of Cliffs Series B Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock issued | 583,273 |
Redemption price per share as of December 9, 2020 | $ | 1,266 |
Fair value of Cliffs Series B Participating Redeemable Preferred Stock issued (in millions) | $ | 738 |
The fair value of the cash consideration was comprised of the following:
(In millions) |
Cash consideration pursuant to the AM USA Transaction Agreement | $ | 505 |
Cash consideration for purchase of the remaining JV partner's interest of Kote and Tek | 182 |
Cash consideration pursuant to working capital adjustments | (48) |
Total cash consideration | $ | 639 |
The cash portion of the purchase price was subject to customary working capital adjustments, and the working capital adjustments were finalized during the second quarter of 2021. We made certain elections under Section 338(h)(10) of the IRC with respect to entities acquired in connection with the AM USA Transaction, which did not change the final cash consideration. The fair value of the settlement of a pre-existing relationship was comprised of the following:
(In millions) |
Accounts receivable | $ | 97 |
Freestanding derivative asset from customer supply agreement | 140 |
Total fair value of settlement of a pre-existing relationship | $ | 237 |
VALUATION ASSUMPTION AND PURCHASE PRICE ALLOCATION The allocation of consideration to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the AM USA Transaction was based on estimated fair values at December 9, 2020, and was finalized during the quarter ended December 31, 2021. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the AM USA Transaction:
(In millions) | Initial Allocation of Consideration |  | Measurement Period Adjustments |  | Final Allocation Consideration as of December 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 35 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 35 |
Accounts receivable, net | 349 |  |  | (3) |  |  | 346 |
Inventories | 2,115 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 2,129 |
Other current assets | 34 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 36 |
Property, plant and equipment | 4,017 |  |  | 387 |  |  | 4,404 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 285 |  |  | 285 |
Other non-current assets | 158 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 165 |
Accounts payable | (736) |  |  | 8 |  |  | (728) |
Accrued employment costs | (271) |  |  | 5 |  |  | (266) |
State and local taxes | (76) |  |  | — |  |  | (76) |
Other current liabilities | (453) |  |  | 23 |  |  | (430) |
Pension liability, non-current | (730) |  |  | — |  |  | (730) |
OPEB liability, non-current | (2,465) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,465) |
Other non-current liabilities | (598) |  |  | (171) |  |  | (769) |
Noncontrolling interest | (13) |  |  | 21 |  |  | 8 |
Net identifiable assets acquired | 1,366 |  |  | 578 |  |  | 1,944 |
Goodwill | 1,230 |  |  | (570) |  |  | 660 |
Total net assets acquired | $ | 2,596 |  |  | $ | 8 |  |  | $ | 2,604 |
During the period subsequent to the AM USA Transaction, we made certain measurement period adjustments to the acquired assets and liabilities assumed due to clarification of information utilized to determine fair value during the measurement period. The measurement period adjustments related to the revaluation of the Company's previously held equity method investment, which is now being consolidated post-acquisition, resulting in a loss of $31 million, within Miscellaneous – net for the year ended December 31, 2021. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of ArcelorMittal USA primarily represents the growth opportunities in the automotive, construction, appliances, infrastructure and machinery and equipment markets, as well as any synergistic benefits to be realized from the AM USA Transaction, and was assigned to our flat steel operations within our Steelmaking segment. ACQUISITION OF AK STEEL OVERVIEW On March 13, 2020, pursuant to the AK Steel Merger Agreement (Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated as of December 2, 2019, among Cleveland-Cliffs Inc., AK Steel and Merger Sub), we completed the acquisition of AK Steel, in which we were the acquirer. As a result of the AK Steel Merger, each share of AK Steel common stock issued and outstanding immediately prior to the effective time of the AK Steel Merger (other than excluded shares) was converted into the right to receive 0.400 Cliffs common shares and, if applicable, cash in lieu of any fractional Cliffs common shares. We incurred acquisition-related costs, excluding severance costs, of $1 million and $26 million for the years ended December 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, in connection with the AK Steel Merger, which were recorded in Acquisition-related costs in the Statements of Consolidated Operations. The fair value of the total purchase consideration was determined as follows:
(In millions) |
Fair value of AK Steel debt | $ | 914 |
Fair value of Cliffs common shares issued for AK Steel outstanding common stock | 618 |
Other | 3 |
Total purchase consideration | $ | 1,535 |
The fair value of Cliffs common shares issued for outstanding shares of AK Steel common stock and with respect to Cliffs common shares underlying converted AK Steel equity awards that vested upon completion of the AK Steel Merger was calculated as follows:
(In millions, except per share amounts) |
Number of shares of AK Steel common stock issued and outstanding | 317 |
Exchange ratio | 0.400 |
Shares of Cliffs common shares issued to AK Steel stockholders | 127 |
Price per share of Cliffs common shares | $ | 4.87 |
Fair value of Cliffs common shares issued for outstanding AK Steel common stock | $ | 618 |
The fair value of AK Steel's debt included in the consideration was calculated as follows:
(In millions) |
Credit Facility | $ | 590 |
7.500% Senior Secured Notes due July 2023 | 324 |
Fair value of debt included in consideration | $ | 914 |
VALUATION ASSUMPTION AND PURCHASE PRICE ALLOCATION The allocation of consideration to the net tangible and intangible assets acquired and liabilities assumed in connection with the AK Steel Merger was based on estimated fair values at March 13, 2020, and was finalized during the quarter ended March 31, 2021. The following is a summary of the purchase price allocation to assets acquired and liabilities assumed in the AK Steel Merger:
(In millions) | Initial Allocation of Consideration |  | Measurement Period Adjustments |  | Final Allocation of Consideration as of March 31, 2021
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 1 |  |  | $ | 39 |
Accounts receivable, net | 666 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 664 |
Inventories | 1,563 |  |  | (243) |  |  | 1,320 |
Other current assets | 68 |  |  | (16) |  |  | 52 |
Property, plant and equipment | 2,184 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 2,274 |
Deferred income taxes | — |  |  | 69 |  |  | 69 |
Other non-current assets | 475 |  |  | (4) |  |  | 471 |
Accounts payable | (636) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (644) |
Accrued employment costs | (94) |  |  | 1 |  |  | (93) |
State and local taxes | (35) |  |  | 4 |  |  | (31) |
Other current liabilities | (276) |  |  | 2 |  |  | (274) |
Long-term debt | (1,179) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,179) |
Pension liability, non-current | (473) |  |  | 10 |  |  | (463) |
OPEB liability, non-current | (400) |  |  | (8) |  |  | (408) |
Other non-current liabilities | (507) |  |  | 72 |  |  | (435) |
Noncontrolling interest | — |  |  | (1) |  |  | (1) |
Net identifiable assets acquired | 1,394 |  |  | (33) |  |  | 1,361 |
Goodwill | 141 |  |  | 33 |  |  | 174 |
Total net assets acquired | $ | 1,535 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,535 |
During the period subsequent to the AK Steel Merger, we made certain measurement period adjustments to the acquired assets and liabilities assumed due to clarification of information utilized to determine fair value during the measurement period. The goodwill resulting from the acquisition of AK Steel was assigned to our downstream Tubular and Tooling and Stamping operating segments. Goodwill is calculated as the excess of the purchase price over the net identifiable assets recognized and primarily represents the growth opportunities in light weighting solutions to automotive customers, as well as any synergistic benefits to be realized. The purchase price allocated to identifiable intangible assets and liabilities acquired was:
| (In millions) |  | Weighted Average Life (In Years)
Intangible assets: |  |  |
Customer relationships | $ | 77 |  |  | 18
Developed technology | 60 |  |  | 17
Trade names and trademarks | 11 |  |  | 10
Total identifiable intangible assets | $ | 148 |  |  | 17
Intangible liabilities: |  |  |
Above-market supply contracts | $ | (71) |  |  | 12
Intangible assets are classified as Other non-current assets on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. Intangible liabilities are classified as Other non-current liabilities on the Statements of Consolidated Financial Position. The above-market supply contracts relate to the long-term coke and energy supply agreements with SunCoke Energy, which includes SunCoke Middletown, a consolidated VIE. Refer to NOTE 18 - VARIABLE INTEREST ENTITIES for further information. PRO FORMA RESULTS 2020 ACQUISITIONS The following table provides unaudited pro forma financial information, prepared in accordance with Topic 805, as if ArcelorMittal USA and AK Steel had been acquired as of January 1, 2019:
| Year Ended
(In millions) | December 31, 2020
Revenues | $ | 12,837 |
Net loss attributable to Cliffs shareholders | (520) |
The unaudited pro forma financial information has been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the historical results with pro forma adjustments, net of tax, that assume the 2020 Acquisitions occurred on January 1, 2019. Significant pro forma adjustments include the following: 1.The elimination of intercompany revenues between Cliffs and ArcelorMittal USA and AK Steel of $844 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 2.The 2020 pro forma net loss was adjusted to exclude $96 million of non-recurring inventory acquisition accounting adjustments incurred during the year ended December 31, 2020. 3.The elimination of non-recurring transaction costs incurred by Cliffs, AK Steel and ArcelorMittal USA in connection with the 2020 Acquisitions were $93 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. 4.The 2020 pro forma net loss was adjusted to exclude restructuring costs of $1,820 million of non-recurring costs incurred by ArcelorMittal USA prior to the AM USA Transaction. 5.The 2020 pro forma net loss was adjusted to exclude $140 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, for the impact of reversal of the fees charged for management, financial and legal services under the Industrial Franchise Agreement with the former parent. 6.Total other pro forma adjustments included reduced expenses of $32 million for the year ended December 31, 2020, primarily due to decreased depreciation expense and pension and OPEB expense, offset partially by increased interest and amortization expense. 7.The income tax impact of pro forma transaction adjustments that affect Net income (loss) attributable to Cliffs shareholders at a statutory rate of 24.3% resulted in an increased benefit to Income tax benefit (expense) of $170 million for the year ended December 31, 2020. FPT ACQUISITION The following table provides unaudited pro forma financial information, prepared in accordance with Topic 805, as if FPT had been acquired as of January 1, 2020:
| Year Ended December 31,
(In millions) | 2021 |  | 2020
Revenues | $ | 21,701 |  |  | $ | 13,549 |
Net income (loss) attributable to Cliffs shareholders | 3,074 |  |  | (526) |
The unaudited pro forma financial information has been calculated after applying our accounting policies and adjusting the historical results with pro forma adjustments, net of tax, that assume the FPT Acquisition occurred on January 1, 2020. There were no significant pro forma adjustments for the FPT Acquisition. The unaudited pro forma financial information does not reflect the potential realization of synergies or cost savings, nor does it reflect other costs relating to the integration of the acquired companies. This unaudited pro forma financial information should not be considered indicative of the results that would have actually occurred if the 2020 Acquisitions had been consummated on January 1, 2019, or if the FPT Acquisition had been consummated on January 1, 2020, nor are they indicative of future results.

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