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Income Taxes (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Schedule of Components of Income Tax Expense
Income tax expense which is generated in the U.S. consists of the following components for the years ended December 31:
(In thousands)202220212020
Current$98,666 $56,509 $38,402 
Deferred58,168 84,022 38,653 
Total income tax expense$156,834 $140,531 $77,055 
Schedule of Reconciliation of Difference between Income Tax Expense and Expected Tax Provision at Weighted Average Tax Rate The reconciliation of the difference between income tax expense and the expected tax provision at the weighted average tax rate was as follows for the years ended December 31:
202220212020
($ in thousands)$% of pretax
income
$% of pretax
income
$% of pretax
income
Tax provision at weighted average statutory rates
$148,176 15.0 %$127,046 15.5 %$75,763 15.5 %
State taxes, net of federal benefit6,306 0.6 11,295 1.4 — 0.0 
Non-deductible expenses4,041 0.4 3,652 0.4 2,482 0.5 
Tax exempt interest, net of proration(1,463)(0.1)(1,606)(0.2)(1,462)(0.3)
Excess tax (benefit) deficit from stock-based compensation75 0.0 61 — (599)(0.1)
Other(301)0.0 83 0.0 871 0.1 
Total income tax expense$156,834 15.9 %$140,531 17.1 %$77,055 15.7 %
Schedule of Net Deferred Tax (Liability) Asset and Components The net deferred tax liability was comprised of the following at December 31:
(In thousands)20222021
Deferred tax assets$91,729 $29,100 
Deferred tax liabilities(448,539)(402,754)
Net deferred tax liability$(356,810)$(373,654)

The components of the net deferred tax liability were as follows at December 31:
(In thousands)20222021
Contingency reserves$(432,265)$(372,336)
Unrealized (gain) loss on investments60,439 (14,573)
Unearned premium reserve14,099 12,539 
Investments in limited partnerships(13,907)(13,002)
Accrued expenses6,257 6,076 
Unearned ceding commissions2,363 2,474 
Change in fair market value of derivatives2,377 1,827 
Deferred policy acquisition costs(2,152)(2,642)
Nonvested shares1,640 1,841 
Start-up expenditures, net1,233 880 
Fixed assets1,197 836 
Impairments on available-for-sale investment securities1,155 — 
Loss reserves965 2,622 
Prepaid expenses(156)(123)
Loss reserves - TCJA transition adjustment(59)(78)
Organizational expenditures
Net deferred tax liability$(356,810)$(373,654)