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Other operating expenses

12 Months Ended

Dec. 31, 2024

Disclosure Other operational expenses [Line Items]

17. Other operating expenses and revenues

Other operating expenses is made up as follows:


	For the year ended	For the year ended	For the year ended
	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	US$(000)	US$(000)	US$(000)

Exploration expenses	11,822	9,179	4,973
Optimization and prefeasibility/feasibility studies	6,585	1,401	8,905
Tax Contingencies	2,823	258	1,078
Royalty non-income tax	2,069	4,488	9,238
Other expenses	370	138	—
Impairment of assets	19	3,546	—
Cancellation of projects	—	2,164	18
Penalties of income tax payments on account (a)	—	70,045	—

	23,688	91,219	24,212

(a)

Corresponded to penalties related to payments on account of income tax from 2006 to 2015 as a result of unfavorable tax rulings issued by the Supreme Court.

Other operating income is made up as follows:


	For the year ended	For the year ended	For the year ended
	December 31, 2024	December 31, 2023	December 31, 2022
	US$(000)	US$(000)	US$(000)
Reversal of Supplemental fund retirement deferred (see Note 2(p))	5,414	—	—
Other income (a)	—	3,406	279
	5,414	3,406	279

(a)

Corresponded to changes in estimations from legal advisors in relation to tax positions associated with VAT and non-domiciled income tax for the year 2007.