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Share-Based Compensation Plans (Tables)
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2012
Summary of Activity Related to Restricted Stock Granted Under Incentive Plan

A summary of the activity related to restricted stock granted under the University’s Incentive Plan is as follows:

 

     Total
Shares
    Weighted
Average
Grant Date
Fair Value
per Share
 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2009

     9      $ 14.88   

Granted

     4      $ 25.16   

Vested

     (9   $ 14.88   

Forfeited, canceled or expired

        
  

 

 

   

Outstanding as of December 31, 2010

     4      $ 25.16   
  

 

 

   

Granted

     6      $ 13.88   

Vested

     (4   $ 25.16   

Forfeited, canceled or expired

        
  

 

 

   

Outstanding as of December 31, 2011

     6      $ 13.88   
  

 

 

   

Granted

     563      $ 17.04   

Vested

     (6   $ 13.88   

Forfeited, canceled or expired

     (10   $ 17.03   
  

 

 

   

Outstanding as of December 31, 2012

     553      $ 17.04   
  

 

 

   
Summary of Activity Related to Stock Options Granted Under Company's Incentive Plan

A summary of the activity related to stock options granted under the University’s Incentive Plan is as follows:

 

     Summary of Stock Options Outstanding  
     Total
Shares
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price
per
Share
     Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term (Years)
     Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value ($)(1)
 

Outstanding as of December 31, 2009

     3,350      $ 12.30         

Granted

     922      $ 21.29         

Exercised

     (144   $ 12.12         

Forfeited, canceled or expired

     (102   $ 17.45         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding as of December 31, 2010

     4,026      $ 14.24         
  

 

 

         

Granted

     1,250      $ 15.34         

Exercised

     (140   $ 12.00         

Forfeited, canceled or expired

     (172   $ 17.29         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding as of December 31, 2011

     4,964      $ 14.47         
  

 

 

         

Granted

         $        

Exercised

     (611   $ 13.16         

Forfeited, canceled or expired

     (124   $ 17.63         
  

 

 

         

Outstanding as of December 31, 2012

     4,229      $ 14.57         6.71       $ 37,637   
  

 

 

         

Exercisable as of December 31, 2012

     2,345      $ 13.44         6.22       $ 23,524   
  

 

 

   

 

 

    

 

 

    

 

 

 

Available for issuance as of December 31, 2012

     2,772           
  

 

 

         

 

(1) Aggregate intrinsic value represents the value of the University’s closing stock price on December 31, 2012 ($23.47) in excess of the exercise price multiplied by the number of options outstanding or exercisable.
Amounts Related to Options Exercised

The following table summarizes information related to stock options exercised for years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010:

 

     2012      2011      2010  

Amounts related to options exercised:

        

Intrinsic value realized by optionee

   $ 4,683       $ 403       $ 1,407   

Actual tax benefit realized by the University for tax deductions

   $ 1,873       $ 161       $ 563   
Fair Value of Options as of Grant Dates Using Weighted Average Assumptions

The University uses the Black-Scholes-Merton option pricing model to estimate the fair value of the University’s options as of the grant dates using the following weighted average assumptions:

 

Year Ended December 31,

   2011     2010  

Weighted average fair value

   $ 6.98      $ 10.74   

Expected volatility

     41.85     47.50

Expected life (years)

     6.50        6.50   

Risk-free interest rate

     2.58     2.87

Dividend yield

     0     0
Share-Based Compensation Expense

The table below outlines share-based compensation expense for the fiscal years ended December 31, 2012, 2011 and 2010 related to restricted stock and stock options granted:

 

     2012     2011     2010  

Instructional costs and services

   $ 3,809      $ 2,935      $ 2,034   

Selling and promotional

     393        297        233   

General and administrative

     3,609        3,220        2,782   
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense included in operating expenses

     7,811        6,452        5,049   

Tax effect of share-based compensation

     (3,124     (2,581     (2,020
  

 

 

   

 

 

   

 

 

 

Share-based compensation expense, net of tax

   $ 4,687      $ 3,871      $ 3,029