<SEC-DOCUMENT>0001193125-25-288770.txt : 20251120
<SEC-HEADER>0001193125-25-288770.hdr.sgml : 20251120
<ACCEPTANCE-DATETIME>20251120060119
ACCESSION NUMBER:		0001193125-25-288770
CONFORMED SUBMISSION TYPE:	8-K
PUBLIC DOCUMENT COUNT:		18
CONFORMED PERIOD OF REPORT:	20251118
ITEM INFORMATION:		Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement
ITEM INFORMATION:		Other Events
ITEM INFORMATION:		Financial Statements and Exhibits
FILED AS OF DATE:		20251120
DATE AS OF CHANGE:		20251120

FILER:

	COMPANY DATA:	
		COMPANY CONFORMED NAME:			Nuvalent, Inc.
		CENTRAL INDEX KEY:			0001861560
		STANDARD INDUSTRIAL CLASSIFICATION:	PHARMACEUTICAL PREPARATIONS [2834]
		ORGANIZATION NAME:           	03 Life Sciences
		EIN:				000000000
		STATE OF INCORPORATION:			DE
		FISCAL YEAR END:			1231

	FILING VALUES:
		FORM TYPE:		8-K
		SEC ACT:		1934 Act
		SEC FILE NUMBER:	001-40671
		FILM NUMBER:		251500901

	BUSINESS ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BROADWAY, 14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			CAMBRIDGE
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			02142
		BUSINESS PHONE:		508-446-2272

	MAIL ADDRESS:	
		STREET 1:		ONE BROADWAY, 14TH FLOOR
		CITY:			CAMBRIDGE
		STATE:			MA
		ZIP:			02142
</SEC-HEADER>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>8-K
<SEQUENCE>1
<FILENAME>d33478d8k.htm
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   <body><div style="display:none"> <ix:header> <ix:hidden> <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:AmendmentFlag" contextRef="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18" id="ixv-306">false</ix:nonNumeric> <ix:nonNumeric id="Hidden_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" name="dei:EntityCentralIndexKey" contextRef="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18">0001861560</ix:nonNumeric> </ix:hidden> <ix:references> <link:schemaRef xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" xlink:type="simple" xlink:href="nuvl-20251118.xsd" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"/> </ix:references> <ix:resources> <xbrli:context id="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18"> <xbrli:entity> <xbrli:identifier scheme="http://www.sec.gov/CIK">0001861560</xbrli:identifier> </xbrli:entity> <xbrli:period> <xbrli:startDate>2025-11-18</xbrli:startDate> <xbrli:endDate>2025-11-18</xbrli:endDate> </xbrli:period> </xbrli:context> </ix:resources> </ix:header> </div> <div style="text-align:center"> <div style="width:8.5in;text-align:left;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto"> <div style="line-height:1.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</div> <div style="line-height:3.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1px solid #000000">&#160;</div> <p style="margin-top:4pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">UNITED STATES</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Washington, D.C. 20549</p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <div style="text-align:center"> <div style="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%;text-align:center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">&#160;</div></div> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:18pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">FORM <span style="white-space:nowrap"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentType" contextRef="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18" id="ixv-317">8-K</ix:nonNumeric></span></p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <div style="text-align:center"> <div style="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%;text-align:center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">&#160;</div></div> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">CURRENT REPORT</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Pursuant to Section 13 or 15(d)</p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934</p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:12pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Date of Report (Date of earliest event reported): <ix:nonNumeric name="dei:DocumentPeriodEndDate" contextRef="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18" format="ixt:datemonthdayyearen" id="ixv-318">November 18, 2025</ix:nonNumeric></p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <div style="text-align:center"> <div style="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%;text-align:center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">&#160;</div></div> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:24pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center"><ix:nonNumeric name="dei:EntityRegistrantName" contextRef="duration_2025-11-18_to_2025-11-18" id="ixv-319">NUVALENT, INC.</ix:nonNumeric></p> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)</p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p> <div style="text-align:center"> <div style="line-height:6.0pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:2pt;border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;width:21%;text-align:center;margin-left: auto;margin-right: auto">&#160;</div></div> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom;width:1%"/>
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<td style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;white-space:nowrap;text-align:center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Title of each class</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Trade<br/>Symbol(s)</p></td>
<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
<td style="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000;vertical-align:bottom;text-align:center"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:center">Name of each exchange<br/>on which registered</p></td></tr>
<tr style="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">&#160;</td>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#8201;1.01.</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Entry into a Material Definitive Agreement. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On November&#160;18, 2025, Nuvalent, Inc. (the &#8220;Company&#8221;) entered into an underwriting agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;) with J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Jefferies LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald&#160;&amp; Co., as representatives of the several underwriters (the &#8220;Underwriters&#8221;), and Deerfield Healthcare Innovations Fund, L.P. and Deerfield Private Design Fund IV, L.P., each as a selling stockholder (together, the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;), relating to an underwritten public offering (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) of shares of the Company&#8217;s Class&#160;A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;). The Company is selling 4,950,496 shares of Common Stock (the &#8220;Shares&#8221;) in the Offering. The price to the public in the Offering is $101.00 per share, and the Underwriters have agreed to purchase the Shares from the Company pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement at a price of $95.445 per share. Under the terms of the Underwriting Agreement, the Selling Stockholders granted the Underwriters an option, exercisable for 30 days, to purchase up to an additional 742,574 shares of Common Stock from the Selling Stockholders (the &#8220;Additional Shares&#8221;), at the same price per share as the Shares. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company estimates that the net proceeds to the Company from the Offering will be approximately $471.9&#160;million, after deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and estimated offering expenses. If the Underwriters exercise in full their option to purchase the Additional Shares, the Selling Stockholders will receive gross proceeds of approximately $75&#160;million. The Company will not receive any proceeds from the sale of Additional Shares by the Selling Stockholders. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Shares and any Additional Shares were sold pursuant to an automatically effective shelf registration statement on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">S-3</span> that was filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) (File <span style="white-space:nowrap">No.&#160;333-270593)</span> on March&#160;16, 2023. A prospectus supplement relating to the Offering has been filed with the SEC. The closing of the Offering is expected to take place on November&#160;20, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Underwriting Agreement contains customary representations, warranties, covenants and agreements by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, customary conditions to closing, indemnification obligations of the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters, including for liabilities under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, other obligations of the parties and termination provisions. The representations, warranties and covenants contained in the Underwriting Agreement were made only for purposes of such agreement and as of specific dates, were solely for the benefit of the parties to such agreement, and may be subject to limitations agreed upon by the contracting parties. A copy of the Underwriting Agreement is attached as Exhibit 1.1 hereto and is incorporated herein by reference. The foregoing description of the Underwriting Agreement does not purport to be complete and is qualified in its entirety by reference to such exhibit. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">A copy of the legal opinion and consent of Sidley Austin LLP relating to the Shares and the Additional Shares is attached as Exhibit 5.1 hereto. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="width:11%;vertical-align:top;text-align:left"><span style="font-weight:bold">Item&#8201;8.01.</span></td>
<td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Other Events. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">On November&#160;18, 2025, the Company issued a press release (the &#8220;Press Release&#8221;) announcing the pricing of the Offering. A copy of the Press Release has been filed as Exhibit 99.1 to this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and is incorporated herein by reference. </p> <p style="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Company estimates that the net proceeds to the Company from the Offering, together with the Company&#8217;s existing cash, cash equivalents and marketable securities, will enable it to fund its operating expenses and capital expenditure requirements into 2029. </p> <p style="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold">Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements </p> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and the Press Release attached hereto contain forward-looking statements of the Company that involve substantial risks and uncertainties. All statements, other than statements of historical facts, contained in this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and the attached Press Release are forward-looking statements. The words &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221; &#8220;target,&#8221; </p>
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&#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;look forward,&#8221; &#8220;advance,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;strategy,&#8221; &#8220;promising,&#8221; &#8220;opportunity,&#8221; or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions are intended to identify <span style="white-space:nowrap">forward-looking</span> statements, although not all <span style="white-space:nowrap">forward-looking</span> statements contain these identifying words. These <span style="white-space:nowrap">forward-looking</span> statements include, among others, statements relating to the anticipated closing of the Offering and the Company&#8217;s cash runway. Actual results may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions related to the Offering and the impact of general economic, industry or political conditions in the United States or internationally. There can be no assurance that the Company will be able to complete the Offering on the anticipated terms, or at all. You should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. Additional risks and uncertainties relating to the Offering, the Company and its business can be found under the caption &#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; included in the Company&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</span> for the quarterly period ended September&#160;30, 2025, the Company&#8217;s prospectus supplement filed with the SEC on November&#160;19, 2025 and other filings that the Company may make with the SEC in the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this Current Report on Form <span style="white-space:nowrap">8-K</span> and the Press Release attached hereto speak only as of the date hereof, and the Company expressly disclaims any obligation to update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. </p> <p style="font-size:18pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top;text-align:left"> <p style=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman;font-weight:bold;text-align:left">Financial Statements and Exhibits. </p></td></tr></table> <p style="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Exhibits </p> <p style="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&#160;</p>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d33478dex11.htm">Underwriting Agreement, dated November&#160;18, 2025, by and among the Company, Deerfield Healthcare Innovations Fund, L.P., Deerfield&#160;Private Design Fund IV, L.P., J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Jefferies LLC, TD Securities (USA) LLC and Cantor Fitzgerald&#160;&amp; Co. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:top"><a href="d33478dex991.htm">Press Release issued by the Company on November&#160;18, 2025. </a></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Date: November&#160;20, 2025</td>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom"> <p style="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Deborah Miller</p></td></tr>
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<td style="vertical-align:bottom">Deborah Miller, Ph.D.</td></tr>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 1.1 </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Nuvalent, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Common Stock </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Underwriting Agreement </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">November&nbsp;18, 2025 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. Morgan Securities
LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jefferies LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TD Securities (USA) LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As
Representatives of the </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">several Underwriters listed </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">in Schedule 1 hereto </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o J.P. Morgan Securities
LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">270 Park Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10017 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o Jefferies LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">520 Madison Avenue </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10022 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o TD Securities (USA) LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 Vanderbilt Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10017 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">110 East 59th Street </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10022 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Nuvalent, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), proposes to issue and sell to the several underwriters listed in Schedule 1
hereto (the &#8220;Underwriters&#8221;), for whom you are acting as representatives (the &#8220;Representatives&#8221;), an aggregate of 4,950,496 shares of Class&nbsp;A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share (the &#8220;Common Stock&#8221;), of
the Company (the &#8220;Underwritten Shares&#8221;). In addition, certain stockholders of the Company named in Schedule 2 hereto (the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) propose to sell to the several Underwriters, at the option of the Underwriters,
up to an additional 742,574 shares of Common Stock of the Company (the &#8220;Option Shares&#8221;). The Underwritten Shares and the Option Shares are herein referred to as the &#8220;Shares.&#8221; The shares of Common Stock of the Company to be
outstanding after giving effect to the sale of the Shares are referred to herein as the &#8220;Stock.&#8221; The Company and the Selling Stockholders hereby confirm their agreement with the several Underwriters concerning the purchase and sale of
the Shares, as follows: </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1. <U>Registration Statement</U>. The Company has prepared and filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (the &#8220;Commission&#8221;) under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#8220;Securities Act&#8221;), a registration statement on Form <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> (File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-270593),</FONT> including a prospectus, relating to the Shares. Such registration statement, as amended at the time it became effective, including the
information, if any, deemed pursuant to Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act to be part of the registration statement at the time of its effectiveness (&#8220;Rule 430 Information&#8221;), is referred to herein as the &#8220;Registration
Statement&#8221;; and as used herein, the term &#8220;Preliminary Prospectus&#8221; means each prospectus relating to the offering of the Shares included in such registration statement (and any amendments thereto) before effectiveness, any
prospectus relating to the offering of the Shares filed with the Commission pursuant to Rule 424(a) under the Securities Act and the prospectus relating to the offering of the Shares included in the Registration Statement at the time of its
effectiveness that omits Rule 430 Information, and the term &#8220;Prospectus&#8221; means the prospectus in the form first used (or made available upon request of purchasers pursuant to Rule 173 under the Securities Act) in connection with
confirmation of sales of the Shares. Any reference in this underwriting agreement (this &#8220;Agreement&#8221;) to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include the documents
incorporated by reference therein pursuant to Item 12 of Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> under the Securities Act, as of the effective date of the Registration Statement or the date of such Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus,
as the case may be, and any reference to &#8220;amend&#8221;, &#8220;amendment&#8221; or &#8220;supplement&#8221; with respect to the Registration Statement, any Preliminary Prospectus or the Prospectus shall be deemed to refer to and include any
documents filed after such date under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder (collectively, the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;) that are deemed to be incorporated by reference therein.
Capitalized terms used but not defined herein shall have the meanings given to such terms in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">At or prior to the Applicable Time (as defined below), the Company had prepared the following information (collectively with the pricing
information set forth on Annex A, the &#8220;Pricing Disclosure Package&#8221;): a Preliminary Prospectus dated November&nbsp;17, 2025 and each &#8220;free-writing prospectus&#8221; (as defined pursuant to Rule 405 under the Securities Act) listed
on Annex A hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#8220;Applicable Time&#8221; means 5:30 P.M., New York City time, on November&nbsp;18, 2025. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2. <U>Purchase of the Shares</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) The Company agrees to issue and sell the Underwritten Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement and each
Underwriter, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, agrees, severally and not jointly, to purchase at a price per share of $95.445 (the &#8220;Purchase
Price&#8221;) from the Company the respective number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite such Underwriter&#8217;s name in Schedule 1 hereto. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, each of the Selling Stockholders agrees, severally and not jointly, as and to the extent indicated in Schedule 2 hereto, to sell
the Option Shares to the several Underwriters as provided in this Agreement, and the Underwriters, on the basis of the representations, warranties and agreements set forth herein and subject to the conditions set forth herein, shall have the option
to purchase, severally and not jointly, from each Selling Stockholder the Option Shares at the Purchase Price less an amount per share equal to any dividends or distributions declared by the Company and payable on the Underwritten Shares but not
payable on the Option Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If any Option Shares are to be purchased, the number of Option Shares to be purchased by each Underwriter
shall be the number of Option Shares which bears the same ratio to the aggregate number of Option Shares being purchased as the number of Underwritten Shares set forth opposite the name of such Underwriter in Schedule 1 hereto (or such number
increased as set forth in Section&nbsp;12 hereof) bears to the aggregate number of Underwritten Shares being purchased from the Company by the several Underwriters, subject, however, to such adjustments to eliminate any fractional Shares as the
Representatives in their sole discretion shall make. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The Underwriters may exercise the option to purchase Option Shares at any time in whole, or
from time to time in part, on or before the thirtieth day following the date of the Prospectus, by written notice from the Representatives to the Company. Such notice shall set forth the aggregate number of Option Shares as to which the option is
being exercised and the date and time when the Option Shares are to be delivered and paid for, which may be the same date and time as the Closing Date (as hereinafter defined) but shall not be earlier than the Closing Date nor later than the tenth
full business day (as hereinafter defined) after the date of such notice (unless such time and date are postponed in accordance with the provisions of Section&nbsp;12 hereof). Except with respect to Option Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date
(for which notice shall be given at least one business day prior to the Closing Date), if any, any such notice shall be given at least two business days prior to the date and time of delivery specified therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) The Company and the Selling Stockholders understand that the Underwriters intend to make a public offering of the Shares, and initially to
offer the Shares on the terms set forth in the Pricing Disclosure Package. The Company and the Selling Stockholders acknowledge and agree that the Underwriters may offer and sell Shares to or through any affiliate of an Underwriter. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) Payment for the Shares by or on behalf of the Underwriters shall be made by wire transfer in immediately available funds to the accounts
specified by the Company, to the Representatives in the case of the Underwritten Shares, at the offices of Simpson Thacher&nbsp;&amp; Bartlett LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, at 425 Lexington Avenue, New York, New York 10017, at 10:00 A.M. New
York City time on November&nbsp;20, 2025, or at such other time or place on the same or such other date, not later than the second business day thereafter, as the Representatives, the Company may agree upon in writing or, in the case of the Option
Shares, on the date and at the time and place specified by the Representatives in the written notice of the Underwriters&#8217; election to purchase such Option Shares. The time and date of such payment for the Underwritten Shares is referred to
herein as the &#8220;Closing Date&#8221;, and the time and date for such payment for the Option Shares, if other than the Closing Date, is herein referred to as the &#8220;Additional Closing Date&#8221;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Payment for the Shares to be purchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall be made against delivery
to the Representatives for the respective accounts of the several Underwriters of the Shares to be purchased on such date registered in such names and in such denominations as the Representatives shall request in writing not later than two full
business days prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, with any transfer taxes payable in connection with the sale of such Shares duly paid by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, as applicable. Delivery of
the Shares shall be made through the facilities of The Depository Trust Company unless the Representatives shall otherwise instruct. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d)
Each of the Company and each Selling Stockholder acknowledges and agrees that the Representatives and the other Underwriters are acting solely in the capacity of an arm&#8217;s length contractual counterparty to the Company and the Selling
Stockholders with respect to the offering of Shares contemplated hereby (including in connection with determining the terms of the offering) and not as a financial advisor or a fiduciary to, or an agent of, the Company, the Selling Stockholders or
any other person. Additionally, neither the Representatives nor any other Underwriter is advising the Company, the Selling Stockholders or any other person as to any legal, tax, investment, accounting or regulatory matters in any jurisdiction. The
Company and the Selling Stockholders shall consult with their own advisors </P>
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concerning such matters and each shall be responsible for making its own independent investigation and appraisal of the transactions contemplated hereby, and neither the Representatives nor any
other Underwriter shall have any responsibility or liability to the Company or the Selling Stockholders with respect thereto. Any review by the Representatives and the other Underwriters of the Company, the transactions contemplated hereby or other
matters relating to such transactions will be performed solely for the benefit of the Representatives and the other Underwriters and shall not be on behalf of the Company or the Selling Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">3. <U>Representations and Warranties of the Company</U>. The Company represents and warrants to each Underwriter and the Selling Stockholders
that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Preliminary Prospectus.</I> No order preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus has been
issued by the Commission, and each Preliminary Prospectus included in the Pricing Disclosure Package, at the time of filing thereof, complied in all material respects with the Securities Act, and no Preliminary Prospectus, at the time of filing
thereof, contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the
Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the
Representatives expressly for use in any Preliminary Prospectus, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Pricing Disclosure Package</I>. The Pricing Disclosure Package as of the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing
Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to
the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information
described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. No statement of material fact included in the Prospectus has been omitted from the Pricing Disclosure Package and no statement of material fact included in the Pricing Disclosure Package that is
required to be included in the Prospectus has been omitted therefrom. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. </I>Other
than the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, the Company (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or
referred to and will not prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any &#8220;written communication&#8221; (as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act) that constitutes an offer to sell or solicitation of an offer to buy the Shares
(each such communication by the Company or its agents and representatives (other than a communication referred to in clause (i)&nbsp;below) an &#8220;Issuer Free Writing Prospectus&#8221;) other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a
prospectus pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or (ii)&nbsp;the documents listed on Annex A hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in
advance by the Representatives. Each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus complies in all material respects with the Securities Act, has </P>
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been or will be (within the time period specified in Rule 433 under the Securities Act) filed in accordance with the Securities Act (to the extent required thereby) and does not conflict with the
information contained in the Registration Statement or the Pricing Disclosure Package, and, when taken together with the Preliminary Prospectus accompanying, or delivered prior to delivery of, such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, did not, and as of
the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the
circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in each such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus in
reliance upon and in conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or Preliminary Prospectus, it
being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Testing-the-Waters</FONT></FONT> Materials. </I>The
Company has not engaged in any oral or written communication with potential investors undertaken in reliance on either Section&nbsp;5(d) of, or Rule 163B under, the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Registration Statement and Prospectus.</I> The Registration Statement became automatically effective upon filing with
the Commission. No order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement has been issued by the Commission, and no proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act against the Company or related to the
offering of the Shares has been initiated or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened by the Commission; as of the applicable effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and
any such post-effective amendment complied and will comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act, and did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact
required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the
case may be, the Prospectus will comply in all material respects with the applicable requirements of the Securities Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the
statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that the Company makes no representation or warranty with respect to any statements or omissions made in reliance upon and in
conformity with information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto,
it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in Section&nbsp;9(c) hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Incorporated Documents.</I> The documents incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and
the Pricing Disclosure Package, when they were filed with the Commission conformed in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act, and none of such documents contained any untrue statement of a material fact or omitted to state a
material fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading; and any further documents so filed and incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus or
the Pricing Disclosure Package, when such documents are filed with the Commission, will conform in all material respects to the requirements of the Exchange Act and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact necessary to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Financial Statements.</I> The financial statements (including the
related notes thereto) of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus comply in all material respects with the applicable
requirements of the Securities Act and the Exchange Act, as applicable, and present fairly in all material respects the financial position of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries as of the dates indicated and the results of their operations
and the changes in their cash flows for the periods specified; such financial statements have been prepared in conformity with generally accepted accounting principles (&#8220;GAAP&#8221;) in the United States applied on a consistent basis
throughout the periods covered thereby, except in the case of any unaudited financial statements, which are subject to normal <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">year-end</FONT> adjustments and do not contain certain footnotes as permitted by the
applicable rules of the Commission, and any supporting schedules included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement present fairly the information required to be stated therein; the other financial information included or
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus has been derived from the accounting records of the Company and its consolidated subsidiaries and presents fairly in all material respects the
information shown thereby; all disclosures included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus regarding <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#8220;non-GAAP</FONT> financial
measures&#8221; (as such term is defined by the rules and regulations of the Commission) comply with Regulation G under the Exchange Act and Item 10 of Regulation <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> under the Securities Act, to the extent
applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>No Material Adverse Change.</I> Since the date of the most recent financial statements of the Company
included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (i)&nbsp;there has not been any change in the capital stock (other than the issuance of shares of Common Stock upon exercise of
stock options and warrants described as outstanding in, and the grant of options and awards under existing equity incentive plans described in, the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus), short-term debt or
long-term debt of the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any dividend or distribution of any kind declared, set aside for payment, paid or made by the Company on any class of capital stock, or any material adverse change, or any development that
would reasonably be expected to result in a prospective material adverse change, in or affecting the business, properties, management, financial position, stockholders&#8217; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its
subsidiaries taken as a whole; (ii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has entered into any transaction or agreement (whether or not in the ordinary course of business) that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as
a whole or incurred any liability or obligation, direct or contingent, that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole; and (iii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has sustained any loss or interference with
its business that is material to the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole and that is either from fire, explosion, flood or other calamity, whether or not covered by insurance, or from any labor disturbance or dispute or any action, order
or decree of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except in each case as otherwise disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>Organization and Good Standing.</I> The Company and each of its
subsidiaries have been duly organized and are validly existing and in good standing under the laws of their respective jurisdictions of organization, are duly qualified to do business and are in good standing in each jurisdiction in which their
respective ownership or lease of property or the conduct of their respective businesses requires such qualification, and have all power and authority necessary to own or hold their respective properties and to conduct the businesses in which they
are engaged, except where the failure to be so qualified or in good standing or have such power or authority would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a material adverse effect on the business, properties,
management, financial position, stockholders&#8217; equity, results of operations or prospects of the Company and its subsidiaries taken as a whole or on the performance by the Company of its obligations under this Agreement (a &#8220;Material
Adverse Effect&#8221;). The Company does not own or control, directly or indirectly, any corporation, association or other entity other than the subsidiaries listed on Exhibit 21.1 to the Company&#8217;s most recent Annual Report on Form <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K.</FONT> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>Capitalization.</I> The Company has an authorized capitalization as set
forth in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading &#8220;Description of capital stock&#8221;; all the outstanding shares of capital stock of the Company (including the Shares to be sold by the
Selling Stockholders) have been duly and validly authorized and issued and are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> and are not subject to any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-emptive</FONT> or similar rights
that have not been duly waived or satisfied; except as described in or expressly contemplated by the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no outstanding rights (including, without limitation, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">pre-emptive</FONT> rights), warrants or options to acquire, or instruments convertible into or exchangeable for, any shares of capital stock or other equity interest in the Company or any of its subsidiaries, or any
contract, commitment, agreement, understanding or arrangement of any kind relating to the issuance of any capital stock of the Company or any such subsidiary, any such convertible or exchangeable securities or any such rights, warrants or options;
the capital stock of the Company conforms in all material respects to the description thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and all the outstanding shares of capital stock or other equity
interests of each subsidiary owned, directly or indirectly, by the Company have been duly and validly authorized and issued, are fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> and are owned directly or indirectly by the
Company, free and clear of any lien, charge, encumbrance, security interest, restriction on voting or transfer or any other claim of any third party. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Stock Options. </I>With respect to the stock options (the &#8220;Stock Options&#8221;) granted pursuant to the
stock-based compensation plans of the Company and its subsidiaries (the &#8220;Company Stock Plans&#8221;), (i) each Stock Option intended to qualify as an &#8220;incentive stock option&#8221; under Section&nbsp;422 of the Internal Revenue Code of
1986, as amended (the &#8220;Code&#8221;), so qualifies, (ii)&nbsp;each grant of a Stock Option was duly authorized no later than the date on which the grant of such Stock Option was by its terms to be effective by all necessary corporate action,
including, as applicable, approval by the board of directors of the Company (or a duly constituted and authorized committee thereof) and any required stockholder approval by the necessary number of votes or written consents, and the award agreement
governing such grant (if any) was duly executed and delivered by each party thereto, (iii)&nbsp;each such grant was made in all material respects in accordance with the terms of the Company Stock Plans, the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws
and regulatory rules or requirements, including, as applicable, the rules of The Nasdaq Global Select Market and any other exchange on which Company securities were then traded, and (iv)&nbsp;each such grant was properly accounted for in accordance
with GAAP in the financial statements (including the related notes) of the Company and disclosed in the Company&#8217;s filings with the Commission in accordance with the Exchange Act and all other applicable laws. The Company has not knowingly
granted, and there is no and has been no policy or practice of the Company of granting, Stock Options prior to, or otherwise coordinating the grant of Stock Options with, the release or other public announcement of material information regarding the
Company or its subsidiaries or their results of operations or prospects. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>Due Authorization.</I> The Company has full right, power and
authority to execute and deliver this Agreement and to perform its obligations hereunder; and all action required to be taken for the due and proper authorization, execution and delivery by it of this Agreement and the consummation by it of the
transactions contemplated hereby has been duly and validly taken. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m) <I>Underwriting Agreement. </I>This Agreement has
been duly authorized, executed and delivered by the Company. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n) <I>The Shares. </I>The Shares to be issued and sold by
the Company hereunder have been duly authorized by the Company and, when issued and delivered and paid for as provided herein, will be duly and validly issued, will be fully paid and nonassessable and will conform to the descriptions thereof in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and the issuance of the Shares is not subject to any preemptive or similar rights that have not been duly waived or complied with. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(o) <I>Description of the Underwriting Agreement.</I> This Agreement conforms in all material respects to the description
thereof contained in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(p) <I>No Violation or
Default.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is (i)&nbsp;in violation of its charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents; (ii)&nbsp;in default, and no event has occurred that, with
notice or lapse of time or both, would constitute such a default, in the due performance or observance of any term, covenant or condition contained in any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which
the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to which any property or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject; or (iii)&nbsp;in violation of any law or statute or
any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of clauses (ii)&nbsp;and (iii) above, for any such default or violation that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(q) <I>No Conflicts. </I>The execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this
Agreement, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement or the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of
the terms or provisions of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of the Company or any
of its subsidiaries pursuant to, any indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is a party or by which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is bound or to
which any property, right or asset of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is subject, (ii)&nbsp;result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents of the
Company or any of its subsidiaries or (iii)&nbsp;result in the violation of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, except, in the case of clauses (i)&nbsp;and
(iii) above, for any such conflict, breach, violation, default, lien, charge or encumbrance that would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(r) <I>No Consents Required.</I> No consent, approval, authorization, order,
registration or qualification of or with any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority is required for the execution, delivery and performance by the Company of this Agreement, the issuance and sale of the Shares and the
consummation of the transactions contemplated by this Agreement, except for the registration of the Shares under the Securities Act and such consents, approvals, authorizations, orders and registrations or qualifications as may be required by the
Financial Industry Regulatory Authority, Inc. (&#8220;FINRA&#8221;) and under applicable state securities laws in connection with the purchase and distribution of the Shares by the Underwriters. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(s) <I>Legal Proceedings.</I> Except as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the
Prospectus, there are no legal, governmental or regulatory investigations, actions, demands, claims, suits, arbitrations, inquiries or proceedings (&#8220;Actions&#8221;) pending to which the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be a party
or to which any property of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is or may be the subject that, individually or in the aggregate, if determined adversely to the Company or any of its subsidiaries, could reasonably be expected to have a Material
Adverse Effect; to the knowledge of the Company, no such Actions are threatened or contemplated by any governmental or regulatory authority or threatened by others; and (i)&nbsp;there are no current or pending Actions that are required under the
Securities Act to be described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that are not so described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and (ii)&nbsp;there are no
statutes, regulations or contracts or other documents that are required under the Securities Act to be filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus that
are not so filed as exhibits to the Registration Statement or described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(t) <I>Independent Accountants</I>. KPMG LLP, who have certified certain financial statements of the Company and its
subsidiaries, is an independent registered public accounting firm with respect to the Company and its subsidiaries within the applicable rules and regulations adopted by the Commission and the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United
States) and as required by the Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(u) <I>Title to Real and Personal Property</I>. The Company and its
subsidiaries have good and marketable title in fee simple to, or have valid rights to lease or otherwise use, all items of real and personal property that are material to the respective businesses of the Company and its subsidiaries, in each case
free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, claims and defects and imperfections of title except those that (i)&nbsp;do not materially interfere with the use made and proposed to be made of such property by the Company and its subsidiaries or
(ii)&nbsp;could not reasonably be expected, individually or in the aggregate, to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v)
<I>Intellectual Property.</I> (i)&nbsp;The Company and its subsidiaries own or have the right to use all patents, patent applications, trademarks, service marks, trade names, trademark registrations, service mark registrations, domain names and
other source indicators, copyrights and copyrightable works, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">know-how,</FONT> trade secrets, systems, procedures, proprietary or confidential information and all other worldwide intellectual property, industrial
property and proprietary rights (collectively, &#8220;Intellectual Property&#8221;) used in the conduct of their respective businesses, free and clear of all liens, security interests or encumbrances and such Intellectual Property is subsisting and
unexpired and, to the knowledge of the Company, any issued Intellectual Property is valid and enforceable; (ii)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, the Company&#8217;s and its subsidiaries&#8217; conduct of their respective businesses does not
materially </P>
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infringe, misappropriate or otherwise violate any Intellectual Property rights of any person; (iii)&nbsp;the Company and its subsidiaries have not received any written notice of any material
claim relating to Intellectual Property; (iv)&nbsp;to the knowledge of the Company, the Intellectual Property of the Company and its subsidiaries is not being infringed, misappropriated or otherwise violated by any person; (v)&nbsp;except as
described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material Actions pending, or threatened against the Company or its subsidiaries relating to Intellectual Property; and (vi)&nbsp;the Company and
its subsidiaries have taken all reasonable steps to protect, maintain and safeguard their Intellectual Property and to require all employees and contractors (A)&nbsp;with access to trade secrets and confidential information to execute <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-disclosure</FONT> and confidentiality agreements with the Company or its subsidiaries, as applicable, and (B)&nbsp;who have been involved in the creation, invention or development of material Intellectual Property for
or on behalf of the Company or its subsidiaries to assign in writing to the Company or its subsidiaries, as applicable, all of their rights therein, except where the Company or its subsidiaries, as applicable, acquired ownership of such Intellectual
Property by operation of law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(w) <I>U.S. Food and Drug Administration (&#8220;FDA&#8221;) Compliance. </I>The Company and
its subsidiaries, and, to the knowledge of the Company, its agents: (i)&nbsp;are and at all times have been in compliance in all material respects with all statutes, rules or regulations of the FDA (including, without limitation, the Federal Food,
Drug and Cosmetic Act (21 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;301 et seq.), as amended (&#8220;FDCA&#8221;), and the implementing regulations thereunder), the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (&#8220;HHS&#8221;) and other governmental or regulatory
authorities (which, for Section&nbsp;3(w), (x), (y), and (z), include federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities) applicable to the ownership, testing, development, manufacture, packaging, processing, use, distribution,
marketing, labeling, promotion, sale, offer for sale, storage, import, export or disposal of any product, service, operation or activity of the Company and its subsidiaries (&#8220;Applicable Laws&#8221;); (ii) possess all material licenses, <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-licenses,</FONT> certificates, certifications, approvals, clearances, exemptions, authorizations, permits, registrations, accreditations, and supplements or amendments thereto (&#8220;Authorizations&#8221;) issued by
the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the conduct of their respective businesses or required by any Applicable Laws and such Authorizations are valid and in full force and
effect and the Company and its subsidiaries are not in material violation of any term of any such Authorizations; (iii)&nbsp;have not received any written notice that the FDA, HHS or any governmental or regulatory authority has taken, is taking or
intends to take action to limit, suspend, modify or revoke any Authorizations, and, to the knowledge of the Company, no governmental or regulatory authority is considering any such action; and (iv)&nbsp;have not received any FDA Form 483, notice of
adverse finding, warning letter, untitled letter, letter of admonition or any other written correspondence or notice from FDA, HHS, other governmental or regulatory authorities or any court or arbitrator alleging or asserting <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-compliance</FONT> with any Applicable Laws or Authorizations, and to the knowledge of the Company, no governmental or regulatory authority is considering any such action. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x) <I>Preclinical and Clinical Studies and Tests. </I>(i)&nbsp;The preclinical studies, clinical studies, and clinical trials
conducted by or on behalf of or sponsored by the Company and its subsidiaries (&#8220;Studies&#8221;) were and, if still ongoing, are being conducted in all material respects in accordance with Applicable Laws, Authorizations, and Health Care Laws,
as applicable, including 21 C.F.R. Parts 11 and 58; (ii) the Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, its agents, are not aware of any Studies not described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and
the Prospectus, the results of which are materially inconsistent with or materially call into question the results of Studies described or referred to in </P>
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the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; and (iii)&nbsp;the Company and its subsidiaries and, to the knowledge of the Company, its agents, have not received
any written notices, correspondence or other communications from the FDA, HHS or any governmental or regulatory authority requiring or threatening the termination, suspension or material modification of any Studies. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(y) <I>Compliance with Health Care Laws</I>. The Company and its subsidiaries and their directors, officers and employees, and,
to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, its agents, are, and at all times have been, in compliance in all respects with all applicable Health Care Laws, and have not engaged in activities which could provide, as applicable, cause for false claims
liability, civil penalties or mandatory or permissive exclusion from Medicare, Medicaid or any other state or federal health care program, except as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse
Effect. For purposes of this Agreement, &#8220;Health Care Laws&#8221; shall mean, to the extent applicable to the operations of the Company and its subsidiaries, all local, state, federal and foreign health care laws including but not limited to:
(i)&nbsp;the FDCA; (ii)&nbsp;all applicable federal, state and local health care fraud and abuse laws, including, without limitation, the Anti-Kickback Statute (42 U.S.C. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1320a-7b(b)),</FONT> the civil
False Claims Act (31 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;3729 et seq.), the criminal False Claims Act and False Statements Law (42 U.S.C. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1320a-7b(a)),</FONT> 18 U.S.C. Sections 286, 287, 1347 and 1349, the health care
fraud criminal provisions under the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (&#8220;HIPAA&#8221;) (42 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1320d et seq.), the Stark Law (42 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;1395nn), the Civil Monetary Penalties Law (42 U.S.C. <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1320a-7a),</FONT> the Exclusions Law (42 U.S.C. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1320a-7),</FONT> and the transparency reporting requirements under 42 U.S.C.
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Section&nbsp;1320a-7h;</FONT> (iii)&nbsp;HIPAA, as amended by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act (42 U.S.C. Section&nbsp;17921 et seq.) and all other applicable laws related to
health information or medical records; (iv)&nbsp;the Medicare (Title XVIII of the Social Security Act) and Medicaid (Title XIX of the Social Security Act) statutes and applicable laws governing government funded or sponsored health care programs;
(v)&nbsp;licensure, quality, safety and accreditation requirements under applicable federal, state, local or foreign laws or healthcare-related regulatory bodies; (vi)&nbsp;any rules and regulations promulgated pursuant to the statutes listed
herein, and any other applicable federal, state or local health care laws; and (vii)&nbsp;the applicable directives promulgated pursuant to such Health Care Laws and any applicable state or foreign counterpart thereof, each as amended from time to
time. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent has received written notice of any claim, action, suit, proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action from any court or
arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority or third party alleging that any product, service, operation or activity is in material violation of any Health Care Laws, and the Company has no knowledge that any such claim, action, suit,
proceeding, hearing, enforcement, investigation, arbitration or other action is threatened. Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any agent is a party to or has any ongoing reporting obligations pursuant to
any corporate integrity agreements, monitoring agreements, deferred or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-prosecution</FONT> agreements, consent decrees, settlement orders, plan of correction or similar agreements with or imposed by any
governmental or regulatory authority. Additionally, neither the Company nor its subsidiaries nor their employees, officers, directors, or, to the Company&#8217;s knowledge, agents, has been excluded, suspended, debarred or disqualified from
participation in any governmental health care program or human clinical research or, to the knowledge of the Company, is subject to a governmental inquiry, investigation, proceeding, or other similar action that could reasonably be expected to
result in any such exclusion, suspension, debarment or disqualification. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(z) <I>Regulatory Filings. </I>The Company and its subsidiaries and, to the
knowledge of the Company, its agents, have filed, maintained or submitted all material reports, documents, declarations, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments as required by the Applicable Laws,
Authorizations or Health Care Laws, as applicable, and all such material reports, documents, declarations, forms, notices, applications, records, claims, submissions and supplements or amendments were complete and accurate on the date filed in all
material respects (or were corrected or supplemented by a subsequent submission). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(aa) <I>No Undisclosed
Relationships</I>. No relationship, direct or indirect, exists between or among the Company or any of its subsidiaries, on the one hand, and the directors, officers, stockholders, customers, suppliers or other affiliates of the Company or any of its
subsidiaries, on the other, that is required by the Securities Act to be described in each of the Registration Statement and the Prospectus and that is not so described in such documents and in the Pricing Disclosure Package. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(bb) <I>Investment Company Act</I>. The Company is not and, after giving effect to the offering and sale of the Shares and the
application of the proceeds thereof as described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, will not be required to register as an &#8220;investment company&#8221; or an entity &#8220;controlled&#8221; by an
&#8220;investment company&#8221; within the meaning of the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended, and the rules and regulations of the Commission thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(cc) <I>Taxes.</I> The Company and its subsidiaries have paid all income and other material federal, state, local and foreign
taxes and filed all tax returns required to be paid or filed through the date hereof; and except as otherwise disclosed in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there is no tax deficiency that has
been asserted against the Company or any of its subsidiaries or any of their respective properties or assets. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(dd)
<I>Licenses and Permits.</I> The Company and its subsidiaries possess all licenses, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-licenses,</FONT> certificates, permits, registrations and other authorizations issued<SUP
STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top"> by and h</SUP>ave made all declarations and filings with, the appropriate federal, state, local or foreign governmental or regulatory authorities that are necessary for the ownership or lease of their
respective properties or the conduct of their respective businesses as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, except where the failure to possess or make the same would not, individually
or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect; and except as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received written notice of any
revocation or modification of any such license, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-license,</FONT> certificate, permit, registration or authorization or has any reason to believe that any such license,
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">sub-license,</FONT> certificate, permit registration or authorization will not be renewed in the ordinary course, except where such revocation, modification or nonrenewal would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ee) <I>No Labor Disputes.</I> No labor disturbance by or
dispute with employees of the Company or any of its subsidiaries exists or, to the knowledge of the Company, is contemplated or threatened and the Company is not aware of any existing or imminent labor disturbance by, or dispute with, the employees
of any of its or its subsidiaries&#8217; principal suppliers, contractors or customers, except as would not have a Material Adverse Effect. Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has received any notice of cancellation or termination with
respect to any collective bargaining agreement to which it is a party. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ff) <I>Certain Environmental Matters</I>. (i)&nbsp;The Company and its
subsidiaries (x)&nbsp;are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, applicable federal, state, local and foreign laws (including common law), rules, regulations, requirements, decisions, judgments, decrees, orders and other legally
enforceable requirements relating to pollution or the protection of human health or safety, the environment, natural resources, hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, including biohazardous and medical waste, pollutants or contaminants
(collectively, &#8220;Environmental Laws&#8221;); (y) have received and are in compliance with all, and have not violated any, permits, licenses, certificates or other authorizations or approvals required of them under any Environmental Laws to
conduct their respective businesses; and (z)&nbsp;have not received notice of any actual or potential liability or obligation under or relating to, or any actual or potential violation of, any Environmental Laws, including for the investigation or
remediation of any use, disposal or release of hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, or relating to human exposure to hazardous or toxic substances or wastes and have no knowledge of any event or condition that would
reasonably be expected to result in any such notice; (ii)&nbsp;there are no costs or liabilities associated with Environmental Laws of or relating to the Company or its subsidiaries, except in the case of each of (i)&nbsp;and (ii) above, for any
such matter as would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect; and (iii)&nbsp;except as described in each of the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, (x)&nbsp;there is no proceeding
that is pending, or that is known to be contemplated, against the Company or any of its subsidiaries under any Environmental Laws in which a governmental or regulatory authority is also a party, other than such proceeding regarding which it is
reasonably believed no monetary sanctions of $300,000 or more will be imposed, (y)&nbsp;the Company and its subsidiaries are not aware of any facts or issues regarding compliance with Environmental Laws, or liabilities or other obligations under
Environmental Laws or concerning hazardous or toxic substances or wastes, pollutants or contaminants, that could reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect, and (z)&nbsp;none of the Company or its subsidiaries anticipates material
capital expenditures relating to any Environmental Laws. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(gg) <I>Hazardous Materials</I>. There has been no storage,
generation, transportation, use, handling, treatment, Release or threat of Release of Hazardous Materials by, relating to or caused by the Company (or, to the knowledge of the Company, any other entity (including any predecessor) for whose acts or
omissions the Company is or could reasonably be expected to be liable) at, on, under or from any property or facility now or previously owned, operated or leased by the Company, or at, on, under or from any other property or facility, in violation
of any Environmental Laws or in a manner or amount or to a location that could reasonably be expected to result in any liability under any Environmental Law, except for any violation or liability which would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. &#8220;Hazardous Materials&#8221; means any material, chemical, substance, waste (including biohazardous and medical waste), pollutant, contaminant, compound, mixture, or constituent thereof,
in any form or amount, including petroleum (including crude oil or any fraction thereof) and petroleum products, asbestos and asbestos containing materials and radioactive materials, regulated or which can give rise to liability under any
Environmental Law. &#8220;Release&#8221; means any spilling, leaking, seepage, pumping, pouring, emitting, emptying, discharging, injecting, escaping, leaching, dumping, disposing, depositing, dispersing, or migrating in, into or through the
environment, or in, into, from or through any building or structure. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(hh) <I>Compliance with ERISA</I>. (i)&nbsp;Each employee benefit plan,
within the meaning of Section&nbsp;3(3) of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended (&#8220;ERISA&#8221;), for which the Company or any member of its &#8220;Controlled Group&#8221; (defined as any entity, whether or not
incorporated, that is under common control with the Company within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(14) of ERISA or any entity that would be regarded as a single employer with the Company under Section&nbsp;414(b), (c), (m) or (o)&nbsp;of the
Code) would have any liability (each, a &#8220;Plan&#8221;) has been maintained in compliance with its terms and the requirements of any applicable statutes, orders, rules and regulations, including but not limited to ERISA and the Code;
(ii)&nbsp;no prohibited transaction, within the meaning of Section&nbsp;406 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;4975 of the Code, has occurred with respect to any Plan, excluding transactions effected pursuant to a statutory or administrative exemption;
(iii)&nbsp;for each Plan that is subject to the funding rules of Section&nbsp;412 of the Code or Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA, no Plan has failed (whether or not waived), or is reasonably expected to fail, to satisfy the minimum funding standards
(within the meaning of Section&nbsp;302 of ERISA or Section&nbsp;412 of the Code) applicable to such Plan; (iv)&nbsp;no Plan is, or is reasonably expected to be, in &#8220;at risk status&#8221; (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;303(i) of ERISA)
and no Plan that is a &#8220;multiemployer plan&#8221; within the meaning of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3) of ERISA is in &#8220;endangered status&#8221; or &#8220;critical status&#8221; (within the meaning of Sections 304 and 305 of ERISA); (v) the fair
market value of the assets of each Plan exceeds the present value of all benefits accrued under such Plan (determined based on those assumptions used to fund such Plan); (vi) no &#8220;reportable event&#8221; (within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;4043(c) of ERISA and the regulations promulgated thereunder) has occurred or is reasonably expected to occur; (vii)&nbsp;each Plan that is intended to be qualified under Section&nbsp;401(a) of the Code is so qualified, and nothing has
occurred, whether by action or by failure to act, which would cause the loss of such qualification; (viii)&nbsp;neither the Company nor any member of the Company&#8217;s Controlled Group has incurred, nor reasonably expects to incur, any liability
under Title IV of ERISA (other than contributions to the Plan or premiums to the Pension Benefit Guaranty Corporation, in the ordinary course and without default) in respect of a Plan (including a &#8220;multiemployer plan&#8221; within the meaning
of Section&nbsp;4001(a)(3) of ERISA); and (ix)&nbsp;none of the following events has occurred or is reasonably likely to occur: (A)&nbsp;an increase in the aggregate amount of contributions required to be made to all Plans by the Company or its
Controlled Group affiliates in the current fiscal year of the Company and its Controlled Group affiliates compared to the amount of such contributions made in the Company&#8217;s and its Controlled Group affiliates&#8217; most recently completed
fiscal year; or (B)&nbsp;an increase in the Company and its subsidiaries&#8217; &#8220;accumulated post-retirement benefit obligations&#8221; (within the meaning of Accounting Standards Codification Topic
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">715-60)</FONT> compared to the amount of such obligations in the Company and its subsidiaries&#8217; most recently completed fiscal year, except in each case with respect to the events or conditions set forth in
(i)&nbsp;through (ix) hereof, as would not, individually or in the aggregate, have a Material Adverse Effect. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii)
<I>Disclosure Controls</I>. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain an effective system of &#8220;disclosure controls and procedures&#8221; (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(e)</FONT> under the Exchange Act) that complies
with the requirements of the Exchange Act and that has been designed to ensure that information required to be disclosed by the Company in reports that it files or submits under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within
the time periods specified in the Commission&#8217;s rules and forms, including controls and procedures designed to ensure that such information is accumulated and communicated to the Company&#8217;s management as appropriate to allow timely
decisions regarding required disclosure. The Company and its subsidiaries have carried out evaluations of the effectiveness of their disclosure controls and procedures as required by Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15</FONT> under the
Exchange Act. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(jj) <I>Accounting Controls.</I> The Company and its subsidiaries maintain
systems of &#8220;internal control over financial reporting&#8221; (as defined in Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(f)</FONT> under the Exchange Act) that have been designed to comply with the requirements of the Exchange Act and have
been designed by, or under the supervision of, their respective principal executive and principal financial officers, or persons performing similar functions, to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the
preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with GAAP. The Company and its subsidiaries maintain internal accounting controls sufficient to provide reasonable assurance that (i)&nbsp;transactions are executed in
accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorizations; (ii)&nbsp;transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP and to maintain asset accountability; (iii)&nbsp;access to
assets is permitted only in accordance with management&#8217;s general or specific authorization; (iv)&nbsp;the recorded accountability for assets is compared with the existing assets at reasonable intervals and appropriate action is taken with
respect to any differences; and (v)&nbsp;interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus and the Pricing Disclosure Package fairly presents the
information called for in all material respects and is prepared in accordance with the Commission&#8217;s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. Based on the Company&#8217;s most recent evaluation of its internal controls over financial reporting
pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">13a-15(c)</FONT> under the Exchange Act, except as disclosed in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, there are no material weaknesses in the Company&#8217;s
internal controls. The Company&#8217;s auditors and the Audit Committee of the Board of Directors of the Company have been advised of: (i)&nbsp;all significant deficiencies and material weaknesses in the design or operation of internal controls over
financial reporting which have adversely affected or are reasonably likely to adversely affect the Company&#8217;s ability to record, process, summarize and report financial information; and (ii)&nbsp;any fraud, whether or not material, that
involves management or other employees who have a significant role in the Company&#8217;s internal controls over financial reporting. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(kk) <I>eXtensible Business Reporting Language</I>. The interactive data in eXtensible Business Reporting Language included or
incorporated by reference in the Registration Statement fairly presents the information called for in all material respects and has been prepared in accordance with the Commission&#8217;s rules and guidelines applicable thereto. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ll) <I>Insurance. </I>The Company and its subsidiaries have insurance covering their respective properties, operations,
personnel and businesses, including business interruption insurance, which insurance is in amounts and insures against such losses and risks as the Company reasonably believes are adequate to protect the Company and its subsidiaries and their
respective businesses; and neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries has (i)&nbsp;received notice from any insurer or agent of such insurer that capital improvements or other expenditures are required or necessary to be made in order to
continue such insurance or (ii)&nbsp;any reason to believe that it will not be able to renew its existing insurance coverage as and when such coverage expires or to obtain similar coverage at reasonable cost from similar insurers as may be necessary
to continue its business. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(mm) <I>Cybersecurity; Data Protection. </I>The Company and its subsidiaries&#8217; information
technology assets and equipment, computers, systems, networks, hardware, software, websites, applications, and databases (collectively, &#8220;IT Systems&#8221;) are adequate for, and operate and perform as required in connection with the operation
of the business of the Company and its subsidiaries as currently conducted, free and clear of all bugs, errors, defects, Trojan horses, time bombs, malware and other corruptants, except in each case as would not, individually or in the
</P>
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aggregate, reasonably be expected to have a Material Adverse Effect. The Company and its subsidiaries have implemented and maintained commercially reasonable controls, policies, procedures, and
safeguards to maintain and protect their material trade secrets and confidential information and the integrity, continuous operation, redundancy and security of all IT Systems and data (including all personal, personally identifiable, sensitive,
confidential or regulated data (&#8220;Personal Data&#8221;)) used in connection with their businesses, and there have been no breaches, violations, outages or unauthorized uses of or accesses to same, except for those that have been remedied
without material cost or liability or the duty to notify any other person, nor any incidents under internal review or investigations relating to the same. The Company and its subsidiaries are presently in material compliance with all applicable laws
or statutes and all judgments, orders, rules and regulations of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory authority, internal policies and contractual obligations relating to the privacy and security of IT Systems and Personal Data and
to the protection of such IT Systems and Personal Data from unauthorized use, access, misappropriation or modification; and the Company has implemented backup and disaster recovery technology reasonably consistent with industry standards and
practices. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(nn) <I>No Unlawful Payments.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer
of the Company or any of its subsidiaries nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries has (i)&nbsp;used any corporate funds for
any unlawful contribution, gift, entertainment or other unlawful expense relating to political activity; (ii)&nbsp;made or taken an act in furtherance of an offer, promise or authorization of any direct or indirect unlawful payment or benefit to any
foreign or domestic government or regulatory official or employee, including of any government-owned or controlled entity or of a public international organization, or any person acting in an official capacity for or on behalf of any of the
foregoing, or any political party or party official or candidate for political office; (iii)&nbsp;violated or is in violation of any provision of the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act of 1977, as amended, or any applicable law or regulation implementing
the OECD Convention on Combating Bribery of Foreign Public Officials in International Business Transactions, or committed an offence under the Bribery Act 2010 of the United Kingdom or any other applicable anti-bribery or anti-corruption law; or
(iv)&nbsp;made, offered, agreed, requested or taken an act in furtherance of any unlawful bribe or other unlawful benefit, including, without limitation, any rebate, payoff, influence payment, kickback or other unlawful or improper payment or
benefit. The Company and the subsidiaries have instituted, maintain and enforce, and will continue to maintain and enforce policies and procedures designed to promote and ensure compliance with all applicable anti-bribery and anti-corruption laws.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(oo) <I>Compliance with Anti-Money Laundering Laws</I>. The operations of the Company and its subsidiaries are and have
been conducted at all times in compliance with applicable financial recordkeeping and reporting requirements, including those of the Currency and Foreign Transactions Reporting Act of 1970, as amended, the applicable money laundering statutes of all
jurisdictions where the Company or any of its subsidiaries conducts business, the rules and regulations thereunder and any related or similar rules, regulations or guidelines issued, administered or enforced by any governmental or regulatory agency
(collectively, the &#8220;Anti-Money Laundering Laws&#8221;) and no action, suit or proceeding by or before any court or governmental or regulatory agency, authority or body or any arbitrator involving the Company or any of its subsidiaries with
respect to the Anti-Money Laundering Laws is pending or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatened. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">16 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(pp) <I>No Conflicts with Sanctions Laws. </I>Neither the Company nor any of
its subsidiaries, nor any director or officer of the Company, nor, to the knowledge of the Company, any employee, agent, affiliate or other person associated with or acting on behalf of the Company or any of its subsidiaries is currently the subject
or the target of any sanctions administered or enforced by the U.S. government (including, without limitation, the Office of Foreign Assets Control of the U.S. Department of the Treasury or the U.S. Department of State and including, without
limitation, the designation as a &#8220;specially designated national&#8221; or &#8220;blocked person&#8221;), the United Nations Security Council, the European Union, His Majesty&#8217;s Treasury or other relevant sanctions authority (collectively,
&#8220;Sanctions&#8221;), nor is the Company or any of its subsidiaries located, organized or resident in a country or territory that is the subject or target of Sanctions, including, without limitation, Crimea, the
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">so-called</FONT> Donetsk People&#8217;s Republic and the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">so-called</FONT> Luhansk People&#8217;s Republic regions of Ukraine, Cuba, Iran and North Korea (each, a &#8220;Sanctioned
Country&#8221;); and the Company will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to any subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or
entity (i)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or facilitation, is the subject or target of Sanctions, (ii)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any
Sanctioned Country or (iii)&nbsp;in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. For the past five years,
the Company and its subsidiaries have not knowingly engaged in and are not now knowingly engaged in any dealings or transactions with any person that at the time of the dealing or transaction is or was the subject or the target of Sanctions or with
any Sanctioned Country. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(qq) <I>No Restrictions on Subsidiaries</I>. No subsidiary of the Company is currently prohibited,
directly or indirectly, under any agreement or other instrument to which it is a party or is subject, from paying any dividends to the Company, from making any other distribution on such subsidiary&#8217;s capital stock or similar ownership
interest, from repaying to the Company any loans or advances to such subsidiary from the Company or from transferring any of such subsidiary&#8217;s properties or assets to the Company or any other subsidiary of the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(rr) <I>No Broker&#8217;s Fees.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries is a party to any contract, agreement or
understanding with any person (other than this Agreement) that would give rise to a valid claim against any of them or any Underwriter for a brokerage commission, finder&#8217;s fee or like payment in connection with the offering and sale of the
Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ss) <I>No Registration Rights</I>. No person has the right to require the Company or any of its subsidiaries to
register any securities for sale under the Securities Act by reason of the filing of the Registration Statement with the Commission, the issuance and sale of the Underwritten Shares by the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, the sale of the
Shares to be sold by the Selling Stockholders hereunder, except for such rights as have been duly waived and described in the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(tt) <I>No Stabilization.</I> Neither the Company nor any of its subsidiaries or affiliates has taken, directly or indirectly,
any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">17 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(uu) <I>Margin Rules</I>. Neither the issuance, sale and delivery of the
Shares nor the application of the proceeds thereof by the Company as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus will violate Regulation T, U or X of the Board of Governors of the Federal
Reserve System. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vv) <I>Forward-Looking Statements.</I> No forward-looking statement (within the meaning of
Section&nbsp;27A of the Securities Act and Section&nbsp;21E of the Exchange Act) included or incorporated by reference in any of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus has been made or reaffirmed without a
reasonable basis or has been disclosed other than in good faith. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ww) <I>Statistical and Market Data.</I> Nothing has come
to the attention of the Company that has caused the Company to believe that the statistical and market-related data included or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus is not
based on or derived from sources that are reliable and accurate in all material respects. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xx) <I>Sarbanes-Oxley Act</I>.
There is and has been no failure on the part of the Company or, to the knowledge of the Company, any of the Company&#8217;s directors or officers, in their capacities as such, to comply with any applicable provision of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of
2002, as amended, and the rules and regulations promulgated in connection therewith, including Section&nbsp;402 related to loans and Sections 302 and 906 related to certifications. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(yy) <I>Status under the Securities Act</I>. At the time of filing the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment
thereto, at the earliest time thereafter that the Company or any offering participant made a <I>bona fide</I> offer (within the meaning of Rule 164(h)(2) under the Securities Act) of the Shares and at the date hereof, the Company was not and is not
an &#8220;ineligible issuer,&#8221; as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(zz) <I>No Ratings</I>. There are
(and prior to the Closing Date, will be) no debt securities, convertible securities or preferred stock issued or guaranteed by the Company or any of its subsidiaries that are rated by a &#8220;nationally recognized statistical rating
organization&#8221;, as such term is defined in Section&nbsp;3(a)(62) under the Exchange Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">4. <U>Representations and Warranties of the
Selling Stockholders</U>. Each of the Selling Stockholders severally represents and warrants to each Underwriter and the Company that: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Required Consents; Authority</I>. All consents, approvals, authorizations and orders necessary for the execution and
delivery by such Selling Stockholder of this Agreement hereinafter referred to, and for the sale and delivery of the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, have been obtained; and such Selling Stockholder has full right, power and
authority to enter into this Agreement and to sell, assign, transfer and deliver the Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder; and this Agreement been duly authorized, executed and delivered by such Selling Stockholder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>No Conflicts</I>. The execution, delivery and performance by such Selling Stockholder of this Agreement, the sale of the
Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder and the consummation by such Selling Stockholder of the transactions contemplated herein or therein will not (i)&nbsp;conflict with or result in a breach or violation of any of the terms or provisions
of, or constitute a default under, result in the termination, modification or acceleration of, or result in the creation or imposition of any lien, charge or encumbrance upon any property, right or asset of such Selling Stockholder pursuant to, any
indenture, mortgage, deed of trust, loan agreement or other agreement or instrument to which such Selling Stockholder is a party or </P>
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by which such Selling Stockholder is bound or to which any of the property, right or asset of such Selling Stockholder is subject (except for such conflicts, breaches, violations or defaults, or
liens, charges or encumbrances that would not, individually or in the aggregate, reasonably be expected to materially impair the power or ability of such Selling Stockholder to perform its obligations under this Agreement, or to consummate the
transactions contemplated hereby), (ii) result in any violation of the provisions of the charter or <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">by-laws</FONT> or similar organizational documents of such Selling Stockholder or (iii)&nbsp;result in the violation
of any law or statute or any judgment, order, rule or regulation of any court or arbitrator or governmental or regulatory agency, except in the case of this clause (iii)&nbsp;for such violations that would not, individually or in the aggregate,
reasonably be expected to materially impair the power or ability of such Selling Stockholder to perform its obligations under this Agreement or to consummate the transactions contemplated hereby. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Title to Shares</I>. Such Selling Stockholder has good and valid title to the Shares to be sold at the Additional
Closing Date by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; such Selling Stockholder will have, immediately prior to the Additional Closing Date, good and valid title to the Shares to be
sold at the Additional Closing Date by such Selling Stockholder, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims; and, upon delivery of the certificates representing such Shares and payment therefor pursuant hereto, good and
valid title to such Shares, free and clear of all liens, encumbrances, equities or adverse claims, will pass to the several Underwriters. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>No Stabilization.</I> Such Selling Stockholder has not taken and will not take, directly or indirectly, any action
designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Shares. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Pricing Disclosure Package</I>. The Pricing Disclosure Package, at the Applicable Time did not, and as of the Closing
Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, will not, contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under
which they were made, not misleading; <U>provided</U> that such Selling Stockholder&#8217;s representation under this Section&nbsp;4(e) shall only apply to any untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact made in reliance
upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Selling Stockholder furnished to the Company in writing by such Selling Stockholder expressly for use in such Pricing Disclosure Package, it being understood and agreed that the only such
information furnished by each Selling Stockholder consists of (A)&nbsp;the legal name and address of such Selling Stockholder and the other information about such Selling Stockholder set forth in the footnote relating to such Selling Stockholder
under the caption &#8220;Selling stockholders,&#8221; (B) the number of shares of common stock beneficially owned by such Selling Stockholder before and after the offering (excluding percentages) that appears in the table (and corresponding
footnotes) under the caption &#8220;Selling stockholders&#8221; and (C)&nbsp;the information about such Selling Stockholder under the caption &#8220;Prospectus supplement summary&#8212;Selling stockholders&#8221; (collectively, the &#8220;Selling
Stockholder Information&#8221;). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Issuer Free Writing Prospectus. </I>Other than the Registration Statement, the
Preliminary Prospectus and the Prospectus, such Selling Stockholder (including its agents and representatives, other than the Underwriters in their capacity as such) has not prepared, made, used, authorized, approved or referred to and will not
prepare, make, use, authorize, approve or refer to any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, other than (i)&nbsp;any document not constituting a prospectus pursuant to Section&nbsp;2(a)(10)(a) of the Securities Act or Rule 134 under the Securities Act or
(ii)&nbsp;the documents listed on Annex A hereto, each electronic road show and any other written communications approved in writing in advance by the Company and the Representatives. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Registration Statement and Prospectus.</I> As of the applicable
effective date of the Registration Statement and any post-effective amendment thereto, the Registration Statement and any such post-effective amendment did not and will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material
fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading; and as of the date of the Prospectus and any amendment or supplement thereto and as of the Closing Date and as of the Additional Closing Date, as
the case may be, the Prospectus will not contain any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances under which they were made, not
misleading; <U>provided</U> that such Selling Stockholder&#8217;s representation under this Section&nbsp;4(g) shall apply only to any untrue statement of a material fact or omission to state a material fact made in reliance upon and in conformity
with the Selling Stockholder Information<I>.</I> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Organization and Good Standing.</I> Such Selling Stockholder has
been duly organized and is validly existing and in good standing under the laws of its jurisdiction of organization. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">5. <U>Further
Agreements of the Company</U>. The Company covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Required Filings.</I>
The Company will file the final Prospectus with the Commission within the time periods specified by Rule 424(b) and Rule 430A, 430B or 430C under the Securities Act, will file any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus to the extent required by Rule 433
under the Securities Act; and the Company will file promptly all reports and any definitive proxy or information statements required to be filed by the Company with the Commission pursuant to Section&nbsp;13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange
Act subsequent to the date of the Prospectus and for so long as the delivery of a prospectus is required in connection with the offering or sale of the Shares; and the Company will furnish copies of the Prospectus and each Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus (to the extent not previously delivered) to the Underwriters in New York City prior to 10:00 A.M., New York City time, on the business day next succeeding the date of this Agreement in such quantities as the Representatives may reasonably
request. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Delivery of Copies.</I> The Company will deliver, without charge, (i)&nbsp;to the Representatives, upon
the written request of the Representatives, two signed copies of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto, in each case including all exhibits and consents filed therewith and documents incorporated by reference
therein; and (ii)&nbsp;to each Underwriter (A)&nbsp;a conformed copy of the Registration Statement as originally filed and each amendment thereto (without exhibits) and (B)&nbsp;during the Prospectus Delivery Period (as defined below), as many
copies of the Prospectus (including all amendments and supplements thereto and documents incorporated by reference therein and each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus) as the Representatives may reasonably request. As used herein, the term
&#8220;Prospectus Delivery Period&#8221; means such period of time after the first date of the public offering of the Shares as in the opinion of counsel for the Underwriters a prospectus relating to the Shares is required by law to be delivered (or
required to be delivered but for Rule 172 under the Securities Act) in connection with sales of the Shares by any Underwriter or dealer. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Amendments or Supplements, Issuer Free Writing Prospectuses.</I>
Before making, preparing, using, authorizing, approving, referring to or filing any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, and before filing any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus,
whether before or after the time that the Registration Statement becomes effective, the Company will furnish to the Representatives and counsel for the Underwriters a copy of the proposed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, amendment or supplement for
review and will not make, prepare, use, authorize, approve, refer to or file any such Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or file any such proposed amendment or supplement to which the Representatives reasonably object. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Notice to the Representatives.</I> The Company will advise the Representatives promptly, and confirm such advice in
writing, (i)&nbsp;when any amendment to the Registration Statement has been filed or becomes effective; (ii)&nbsp;when any supplement to the Pricing Disclosure Package, the Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or any amendment to the
Prospectus has been filed or distributed; (iii)&nbsp;of any request by the Commission for any amendment to the Registration Statement or any amendment or supplement to the Prospectus or the receipt of any comments from the Commission relating to the
Registration Statement or any other request by the Commission for any additional information; (iv)&nbsp;of the issuance by the Commission of any order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement or preventing or suspending the use of
any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package, or the Prospectus or the initiation or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for that purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act;
(v)&nbsp;of the occurrence of any event or development within the Prospectus Delivery Period as a result of which the Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would
include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state a material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus, the Pricing Disclosure Package or any such Issuer
Free Writing Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading; and (vi)&nbsp;of the receipt by the Company of any notice with respect to any suspension of the qualification of the Shares for offer and sale in any jurisdiction or the initiation
or, to the knowledge of the Company, threatening of any proceeding for such purpose; and the Company will use its reasonable best efforts to prevent the issuance of any such order suspending the effectiveness of the Registration Statement,
preventing or suspending the use of any Preliminary Prospectus, any of the Pricing Disclosure Package or the Prospectus or suspending any such qualification of the Shares and, if any such order is issued, will obtain as soon as possible the
withdrawal thereof. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Ongoing Compliance.</I> (1)&nbsp;If during the Prospectus Delivery Period (i)&nbsp;any event or
development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Prospectus as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements
therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to amend or supplement the Prospectus to comply with applicable law, the Company will promptly notify
the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission and furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the
Prospectus (including any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as may be necessary so that the statements in the Prospectus as so amended or supplemented (including any document to be filed with the
Commission and incorporated by reference therein) will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Prospectus is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that the Prospectus will comply with law; and (2)&nbsp;if at any time prior
to the Closing Date (i) </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
any event or development shall occur or condition shall exist as a result of which the Pricing Disclosure Package as then amended or supplemented would include any untrue statement of a material
fact or omit to state any material fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;it is necessary to
amend or supplement the Pricing Disclosure Package to comply with law, the Company will immediately notify the Underwriters thereof and forthwith prepare and, subject to paragraph (c)&nbsp;above, file with the Commission (to the extent required) and
furnish to the Underwriters and to such dealers as the Representatives may designate such amendments or supplements to the Pricing Disclosure Package (including any document to be filed with the Commission and incorporated by reference therein) as
may be necessary so that the statements in the Pricing Disclosure Package as so amended or supplemented will not, in the light of the circumstances existing when the Pricing Disclosure Package is delivered to a purchaser, be misleading or so that
the Pricing Disclosure Package will comply with applicable law. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Blue Sky Compliance.</I> The Company will use its
commercially reasonable best efforts, with the Underwriters&#8217; cooperation, if necessary, to qualify the Shares for offer and sale under the securities or Blue Sky laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives shall reasonably request and
will use its commercially reasonable best efforts, with the Underwriters&#8217; cooperation, if necessary, to continue such qualifications in effect so long as required for distribution of the Shares; <U>provided</U> that the Company shall not be
required to (i)&nbsp;qualify as a foreign corporation or other entity or as a dealer in securities in any such jurisdiction where it would not otherwise be required to so qualify, (ii)&nbsp;file any general consent to service of process in any such
jurisdiction or (iii)&nbsp;subject itself to taxation in any such jurisdiction if it is not otherwise so subject. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g)
<I>Earning Statement. </I>The Company will make generally available to its security holders and the Representatives as soon as practicable an earning statement that satisfies the provisions of Section&nbsp;11(a) of the Securities Act and Rule 158 of
the Commission promulgated thereunder covering a period of at least twelve months beginning with the first fiscal quarter of the Company occurring after the &#8220;effective date&#8221; (as defined in Rule 158) of the Registration Statement;
provided that the Company will be deemed to have furnished such statement to its security holders and the Representatives to the extent filed on the Commission&#8217;s Electronic Data Gathering, Analysis, and Retrieval system (&#8220;EDGAR&#8221;)
or any successor system. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Clear Market.</I> For a period of 30 days after the date of the Prospectus, the Company
will not, or publicly disclose the intent to, (i)&nbsp;offer, pledge, sell, contract to sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise
transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, or submit to, or file with, the Commission a registration statement under the Securities Act relating to, any shares of Stock or any securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for
Stock, or (ii)&nbsp;enter into any swap or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the Stock or any such other securities, whether any such transaction described in clause (i)&nbsp;or
(ii) above is to be settled by delivery of Stock or such other securities, in cash or otherwise, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, Jefferies LLC and TD Securities (USA) LLC other than the Shares to be sold hereunder.
</P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The restrictions described above do not apply to (i)&nbsp;the issuance of
shares of Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable for shares of Stock pursuant to the conversion or exchange of convertible or exchangeable securities or the exercise of warrants or options (including net exercise) or the settlement of
RSUs (including net settlement), in each case outstanding on the date of this Agreement or described in the Prospectus; (ii)&nbsp;grants of stock options, stock awards, restricted stock, RSUs, or other equity awards and the issuance of shares of
Stock or securities convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for shares of Stock (whether upon the exercise of stock options or otherwise) to the Company&#8217;s employees, officers, directors, advisors, or consultants pursuant to the terms
of an equity compensation plan in effect as of the Closing Date and described in the Prospectus; (iii)&nbsp;the issuance of up to 5% of the outstanding shares of Stock immediately following the Closing Date, in acquisitions or other similar
strategic transactions, provided that such recipients enter into a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreement with the Underwriters substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto; or (iv)&nbsp;the filing of any registration statement
on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-8</FONT> relating to securities granted or to be granted pursuant to any plan in effect on the date of this Agreement and described in the Prospectus or any assumed benefit plan pursuant to an acquisition
or similar strategic transaction. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>Use of Proceeds.</I> The Company will apply the net proceeds from the sale of the
Shares as described in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus under the heading &#8220;Use of Proceeds&#8221;. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>No Stabilization.</I> Neither the Company nor its subsidiaries or affiliates will take, directly or indirectly, any
action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Exchange Listing.</I> The Company will use its reasonable best efforts to list for quotation the Shares on The Nasdaq
Global Select Market. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>Reports.</I> For a period of one year from the date of this Agreement, as long as the Shares
are outstanding, the Company will furnish to the Representatives, as soon as they are available, copies of all reports or other communications (financial or other) furnished to holders of the Shares, and copies of any reports and financial
statements furnished to or filed with the Commission or any national securities exchange or automatic quotation system; <U>provided</U> the Company will be deemed to have furnished such reports and financial statements to the Representatives to the
extent they are filed on EDGAR or any successor system. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m) <I>Record Retention</I>. The Company will, pursuant to
reasonable procedures developed in good faith, retain copies of each Issuer Free Writing Prospectus that is not filed with the Commission in accordance with Rule 433 under the Securities Act. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n) <I>Shelf Renewal</I>. If immediately prior to the third anniversary (the &#8220;Renewal Deadline&#8221;) of the initial
effective date of the Registration Statement, any of the Shares remain unsold by the Underwriters, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, file, if it has not already done so and is eligible to do so, a new automatic shelf registration
statement relating to the Shares, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. If the Company is not eligible to file an automatic shelf registration statement, the Company will, prior to the Renewal Deadline, if it has not already done
so, file a new shelf registration statement relating to the Shares, in a form reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, and will use its reasonable best efforts to cause such registration statement to be declared effective within 180 days
after the Renewal Deadline. The Company will take all other action necessary or appropriate to permit the issuance and sale of the Shares to continue as contemplated in the expired registration statement relating to the Shares. References herein to
the Registration Statement shall include such new automatic shelf registration statement or such new shelf registration statement, as the case may be. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">6. <U>Further Agreements of the Selling Stockholders</U>. Each of the Selling Stockholders
severally covenants and agrees with each Underwriter that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>No Stabilization.</I> Such Selling Stockholder will not
take, directly or indirectly, any action designed to or that could reasonably be expected to cause or result in any stabilization or manipulation of the price of the Stock. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Tax Form.</I> It will deliver to the Representatives prior to or at the Closing Date a properly completed and executed
United States Treasury Department Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">W-9</FONT> (or other applicable form or statement specified by the Treasury Department regulations in lieu thereof) in order to facilitate the Underwriters&#8217; documentation
of their compliance with the reporting and withholding provisions of the Tax Equity and Fiscal Responsibility Act of 1982 with respect to the transactions herein contemplated. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Use of Proceeds</I>. It will not directly or indirectly use the proceeds of the offering of the Shares hereunder, or
lend, contribute or otherwise make available such proceeds to a subsidiary, joint venture partner or other person or entity (i)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business with any person that, at the time of such funding or
facilitation, is the subject of target of Sanctions, (ii)&nbsp;to fund or facilitate any activities of or business in any Sanctioned Country or (iii)&nbsp;in any other manner that will result in a violation by any person (including any person
participating in the transaction, whether as underwriter, advisor, investor or otherwise) of Sanctions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">7. <U>Certain Agreements of the
Underwriters</U>. Each Underwriter hereby represents and agrees that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) It has not and will not use, authorize use of,
refer to or participate in the planning for use of, any &#8220;free writing prospectus&#8221;, as defined in Rule 405 under the Securities Act (which term includes use of any written information furnished to the Commission by the Company and not
incorporated by reference into the Registration Statement and any press release issued by the Company) other than (i)&nbsp;a free writing prospectus that contains no &#8220;issuer information&#8221; (as defined in Rule 433(h)(2) under the Securities
Act) that was not included (including through incorporation by reference) in the Preliminary Prospectus or a previously filed Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, (ii)&nbsp;any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus listed on Annex A or prepared pursuant to
Section&nbsp;3(c) or Section&nbsp;5(c) above (including any electronic road show), or (iii)&nbsp;any free writing prospectus prepared by such underwriter and approved by the Company in advance in writing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) It has not and will not, without the prior written consent of the Company, use any free writing prospectus that contains
the final terms of the offering of the Shares unless such terms have previously been included in a free writing prospectus filed with the Commission. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) It is not subject to any pending proceeding under Section&nbsp;8A of the Securities Act with respect to the offering (and
will promptly notify the Company and the Selling Stockholders if any such proceeding against it is initiated during the Prospectus Delivery Period). </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">8. <U>Conditions of Underwriters&#8217; Obligations.</U> The obligation of each Underwriter to purchase the Underwritten Shares on the Closing
Date or the Option Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, as provided herein is subject to the performance by the Company and each of the Selling Stockholders of their respective covenants and other obligations hereunder and to
the following additional conditions: </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Registration Compliance; No Stop Order.</I> No order suspending the
effectiveness of the Registration Statement shall be in effect, and no proceeding for such purpose or pursuant to Section&nbsp;8A under the Securities Act shall be pending before or threatened by the Commission; the Prospectus and each Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus shall have been timely filed with the Commission under the Securities Act (in the case of an Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, to the extent required by Rule 433 under the Securities Act) and in accordance with Section&nbsp;5(a)
hereof; and all requests by the Commission for additional information shall have been complied with to the reasonable satisfaction of the Representatives. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Representations and Warranties.</I> The respective representations and warranties of the Company and the Selling
Stockholders contained herein shall be true and correct on the date hereof and on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be; and the statements of the Company and its officers and of each of the Selling
Stockholders and their officers made in any certificates delivered pursuant to this Agreement shall be true and correct on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>No Material Adverse Change.</I> No event or condition of a type described in Section&nbsp;3(h) hereof shall have
occurred or shall exist, which event or condition is not described in the Pricing Disclosure Package (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the Prospectus (excluding any amendment or supplement thereto) and the effect of which in the
judgment of the Representatives makes it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by
this Agreement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Officer&#8217;s Certificate.</I> The
Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, (x)&nbsp;a certificate of the chief financial officer or chief accounting officer of the Company and one additional senior
executive officer of the Company who is satisfactory to the Representatives (i)&nbsp;confirming that such officers have carefully reviewed the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus and, to the knowledge of such
officers, the representations of the Company set forth in Sections 3(b) and 3(e) hereof are true and correct, (ii)&nbsp;confirming that the other representations and warranties of the Company in this Agreement are true and correct and that the
Company has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to the Closing Date and (iii)&nbsp;to the effect set forth in paragraphs (a)&nbsp;and (c) above and (y)&nbsp;a
certificate of each of the Selling Stockholders, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, (i)&nbsp;confirming that the representations of such Selling Stockholder set forth in Sections 4(e), 4(f) and 4(g) hereof are true
and correct and (ii)&nbsp;confirming that the other representations and warranties of such Selling Stockholder in this Agreement are true and correct and that such Selling Stockholder has complied with all agreements and satisfied all conditions on
its part to be performed or satisfied hereunder at or prior to such Closing Date. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Comfort Letters.</I> On the date
of this Agreement and on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, KPMG LLP shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, letters, dated the respective dates of delivery thereof and addressed
to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives, containing statements and information of the type customarily included in accountants&#8217; &#8220;comfort letters&#8221; to underwriters with respect to the
financial statements and certain financial information contained or incorporated by reference in each of the Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; provided, that the letter delivered on the Closing Date or the
Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall use a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#8220;cut-off&#8221;</FONT> date no more than two business days prior to such Closing Date or such Additional Closing Date, as the case may be. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> Statement
of Counsel for the Company.</I> Sidley Austin LLP, counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement, dated the
Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Opinion of Counsel for the Selling Stockholders.</I> Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, counsel for the Selling Stockholders,
shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Selling Stockholders, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and substance
reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Opinion of IP for the Company.</I> Jones Day, intellectual property
counsel for the Company, shall have furnished to the Representatives, at the request of the Company, their written opinion, dated the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, and addressed to the Underwriters, in form and
substance reasonably satisfactory to the Representatives. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) <I>Opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT>
Statement of Counsel for the Underwriters.</I> The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, an opinion and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b-5</FONT> statement,
addressed to the Underwriters, of Simpson Thacher&nbsp;&amp; Bartlett LLP, counsel for the Underwriters, with respect to such matters as the Representatives may reasonably request, and such counsel shall have received such documents and information
as they may reasonably request to enable them to pass upon such matters. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(j) <I>No Legal Impediment to Issuance and/or
Sale.</I> No action shall have been taken and no statute, rule, regulation or order shall have been enacted, adopted or issued by any federal, state or foreign governmental or regulatory authority that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional
Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Underwritten Shares by the Company or the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholders; and no injunction or order of any federal, state or foreign court shall have been issued
that would, as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, prevent the issuance or sale of the Underwritten Shares by the Company or the sale of the Shares by the Selling Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(k) <I>Good Standing</I>. The Representatives shall have received on and as of the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date,
as the case may be, satisfactory evidence of the good standing of the Company and its subsidiaries in their respective jurisdictions of organization and their good standing in such other jurisdictions as the Representatives may reasonably request,
in each case in writing or any standard form of telecommunication from the appropriate governmental authorities of such jurisdictions. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(l) <I>Exchange Listing.</I> The Shares to be delivered on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be,
shall have been approved for listing on The Nasdaq Global Select Market, subject to official notice of issuance. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(m) <I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-up</FONT> Agreements</I>. The <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#8220;lock-up&#8221;</FONT> agreements, each substantially in the form of Exhibit A hereto, between you and officers and directors of the Company and certain of the security holders of the Company, including the Selling
Stockholders, relating to sales and certain other dispositions of shares of Stock or certain other securities, delivered to you on or before the date hereof, shall be in full force and effect on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as
the case may be. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(n) <I>Additional Documents.</I> On or prior to the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the
case may be, the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall have furnished to the Representatives such further certificates and documents as the Representatives may reasonably request. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">All opinions, letters, certificates and evidence mentioned above or elsewhere in this Agreement shall be deemed to be in compliance with the
provisions hereof only if they are in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to counsel for the Underwriters. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">9. <U>Indemnification
and Contribution</U>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Indemnification of the Underwriters by the Company.</I> The Company agrees to indemnify and hold harmless
each Underwriter and their respective affiliates, partners, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act, from and
against any and all losses, claims, damages and liabilities (including, without limitation, reasonable and documented legal fees and other expenses incurred in connection with any suit, action or proceeding or any claim asserted, as such fees and
expenses are incurred), joint or several, that arise out of, or are based upon, (i)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Registration Statement or caused by any omission or alleged omission to
state therein a material fact required to be stated therein or necessary in order to make the statements therein not misleading, or (ii)&nbsp;any untrue statement or alleged untrue statement of a material fact contained in the Prospectus (or any
amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus, any &#8220;issuer information&#8221; filed or required to be filed pursuant to Rule 433(d) under the Securities Act, any road show as defined in Rule
433(h) under the Securities Act (a &#8220;road show&#8221;) or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), or caused by any omission or alleged omission to state therein a material
fact necessary in order to make the statements therein, in light of the circumstances under which they were made, not misleading, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue
statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to any Underwriter furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for
use therein, it being understood and agreed that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of the information described as such in paragraph (c)&nbsp;below. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Indemnification of the Underwriters by the Selling Stockholders.</I> Each of the Selling Stockholders severally in proportion to the
number of Shares to be sold by such Selling Stockholder hereunder, and not jointly, agrees to indemnify and hold harmless each Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and each person, if any, who controls such Underwriter within the
meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, in each case except insofar as such losses, claims, damages or liabilities arise out
of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any Selling Stockholder Information relating to such Selling Stockholder in the Registration Statement, the
Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing Prospectus or the Pricing Disclosure Package. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Indemnification of the Company </I><I>and the Selling Stockholder</I><I>s.</I> Each
Underwriter agrees, severally and not jointly, to indemnify and hold harmless the Company and each Selling Stockholder, and their respective directors, partners, its officers who signed the Registration Statement and each person, if any, who
controls the Company or such Selling Stockholder within the meaning of Section&nbsp;15 of the Securities Act or Section&nbsp;20 of the Exchange Act to the same extent as the indemnity set forth in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, but only with respect to
any losses, claims, damages or liabilities that arise out of, or are based upon, any untrue statement or omission or alleged untrue statement or omission made in reliance upon and in conformity with any information relating to such Underwriter
furnished to the Company in writing by such Underwriter through the Representatives expressly for use in the Registration Statement, the Prospectus (or any amendment or supplement thereto), any Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free Writing
Prospectus, any road show or any Pricing Disclosure Package (including any Pricing Disclosure Package that has subsequently been amended), it being understood and agreed upon that the only such information furnished by any Underwriter consists of
the following information in the Prospectus furnished on behalf of each Underwriter: the concession and reallowance figures appearing in the third paragraph under the caption &#8220;Underwriting&#8221; and the information contained in the fifth
paragraph under the caption &#8220;Underwriting&#8221;. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Notice and Procedures.</I> If any suit, action, proceeding (including any
governmental or regulatory investigation), claim or demand shall be brought or asserted against any person in respect of which indemnification may be sought pursuant to the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9, such person (the
&#8220;Indemnified Person&#8221;) shall promptly notify the person against whom such indemnification may be sought (the &#8220;Indemnifying Person&#8221;) in writing; <U>provided</U> that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not
relieve it from any liability that it may have under the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9 except to the extent that it has been materially prejudiced (through the forfeiture of substantive rights or defenses) by such failure; and
<U>provided</U>, <U>further</U>, that the failure to notify the Indemnifying Person shall not relieve it from any liability that it may have to an Indemnified Person otherwise than under the preceding paragraphs of this Section&nbsp;9. If any such
proceeding shall be brought or asserted against an Indemnified Person and it shall have notified the Indemnifying Person thereof, the Indemnifying Person shall retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person (who shall not, without
the consent of the Indemnified Person, be counsel to the Indemnifying Person) to represent the Indemnified Person and any others entitled to indemnification pursuant to this Section that the Indemnifying Person may designate in such proceeding and
shall pay the reasonable and documented fees and expenses in such proceeding, the reasonable and documented fees and expenses of such counsel related to such proceeding, as incurred. In any such proceeding, any Indemnified Person shall have the
right to retain its own counsel, but the fees and expenses of such counsel shall be at the expense of such Indemnified Person unless (i)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person shall have mutually agreed to the contrary;
(ii)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person has failed within a reasonable time to retain counsel reasonably satisfactory to the Indemnified Person; (iii)&nbsp;the Indemnified Person shall have reasonably concluded that there may be legal defenses available
to it that are different from or in addition to those available to the Indemnifying Person; or (iv)&nbsp;the named parties in any such proceeding (including any impleaded parties) include both the Indemnifying Person and the Indemnified Person and
representation of both parties by the same counsel would be inappropriate due to actual or potential differing interests between them. It is understood and agreed that the Indemnifying Person shall not, in connection with any proceeding or related
proceeding in the same jurisdiction, be liable for the fees and expenses of more than one separate firm (in addition to any local counsel) for all Indemnified Persons, and that all such fees and expenses shall be paid or reimbursed as they are
incurred. Any such separate firm for any Underwriter, its affiliates, directors and officers and any control persons of such Underwriter shall be designated in writing by the Representatives and any such separate firm for the Company, its directors,
its officers who signed the Registration Statement and any control persons of the Company shall be designated in writing by the Company and any such separate firm for the Selling Stockholders shall be designated in writing by any one of them.
</P>
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The Indemnifying Person shall not be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent, but if settled with such consent, the Indemnifying Person agrees to
indemnify each Indemnified Person from and against any loss or liability by reason of such settlement. Notwithstanding the foregoing sentence, if at any time an Indemnified Person shall have requested that an Indemnifying Person reimburse the
Indemnified Person for fees and expenses of counsel as contemplated by this paragraph, the Indemnifying Person shall be liable for any settlement of any proceeding effected without its written consent if (i)&nbsp;such settlement is entered into more
than 30 days after receipt by the Indemnifying Person of such request and (ii)&nbsp;the Indemnifying Person shall not have reimbursed the Indemnified Person in accordance with such request prior to the date of such settlement. No Indemnifying Person
shall, without the written consent of the Indemnified Person, effect any settlement of any pending or threatened proceeding in respect of which any Indemnified Person is or could have been a party and indemnification could have been sought hereunder
by such Indemnified Person, unless such settlement (x)&nbsp;includes an unconditional release of such Indemnified Person, in form and substance reasonably satisfactory to such Indemnified Person, from all liability on claims that are the subject
matter of such proceeding and (y)&nbsp;does not include any statement as to or any admission of fault, culpability or a failure to act by or on behalf of any Indemnified Person. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Contribution.</I> If the indemnification provided for in paragraphs (a), (b) or (c)&nbsp;above is unavailable to an Indemnified Person
or insufficient in respect of any losses, claims, damages or liabilities referred to therein, then each Indemnifying Person under such paragraph, in lieu of indemnifying such Indemnified Person thereunder, shall contribute to the amount paid or
payable by such Indemnified Person as a result of such losses, claims, damages or liabilities (i)&nbsp;in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect the relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and
the Underwriters on the other, from the offering of the Shares or (ii)&nbsp;if the allocation provided by clause (i)&nbsp;is not permitted by applicable law, in such proportion as is appropriate to reflect not only the relative benefits referred to
in clause (i)&nbsp;but also the relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, in connection with the statements or omissions that resulted in such losses, claims, damages or
liabilities, as well as any other relevant equitable considerations. The relative benefits received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be deemed to be in the same respective
proportions as the net proceeds (before deducting expenses) received by the Company and the Selling Stockholders from the sale of the Shares and the total underwriting discounts and commissions received by the Underwriters in connection therewith,
in each case as set forth in the table on the cover of the Prospectus, bear to the aggregate offering price of the Shares. The relative fault of the Company and the Selling Stockholders, on the one hand, and the Underwriters on the other, shall be
determined by reference to, among other things, whether the untrue or alleged untrue statement of a material fact or the omission or alleged omission to state a material fact relates to information supplied by the Company and the Selling
Stockholders or by the Underwriters and the parties&#8217; relative intent, knowledge, access to information and opportunity to correct or prevent such statement or omission. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Limitation on Liability.</I> The Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters agree that it would not be just and equitable
if contribution pursuant to paragraph (e)&nbsp;above were determined by <U>pro</U> <U>rata</U> allocation (even if the Selling Stockholders or the Underwriters were treated as one entity for such purpose) or by any other method of allocation that
does not take account of the equitable considerations referred to in paragraph (e)&nbsp;above. The amount paid or payable by an Indemnified Person as a result of the losses, claims, damages and liabilities referred to in paragraph (e)&nbsp;above
shall be deemed to include, subject to the limitations set forth above, any reasonable and documented legal or other expenses incurred by such Indemnified Person in connection with any such action or claim. Notwithstanding the provisions of
paragraphs (e)&nbsp;and (f), in no event shall an Underwriter be required to contribute any amount in excess of the amount by which the total underwriting </P>
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discounts and commissions received by such Underwriter with respect to the offering of the Shares exceeds the amount of any damages that such Underwriter has otherwise been required to pay by
reason of such untrue or alleged untrue statement or omission or alleged omission. No person guilty of fraudulent misrepresentation (within the meaning of Section&nbsp;11(f) of the Securities Act) shall be entitled to contribution from any person
who was not guilty of such fraudulent misrepresentation. The Underwriters&#8217; obligations to contribute pursuant to paragraphs (e)&nbsp;and (f) are several in proportion to their respective purchase obligations hereunder and not joint. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Non-Exclusive</FONT> Remedies.</I> The remedies provided for in this Section&nbsp;9 paragraphs
(a)&nbsp;through (f) are not exclusive and shall not limit any rights or remedies which may otherwise be available to any Indemnified Person at law or in equity. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">10. <U>Effectiveness of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall become effective as of the date first written above. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">11. <U>Termination</U>. This Agreement may be terminated in the absolute discretion of the Representatives, by notice to the Company and the
Selling Stockholders, if after the execution and delivery of this Agreement and on or prior to the Closing Date or, in the case of the Option Shares, prior to the Additional Closing Date (i)&nbsp;trading generally shall have been suspended or
materially limited on or by any of The New York Stock Exchange or The Nasdaq Global Select Market; (ii)&nbsp;trading of any securities issued or guaranteed by the Company shall have been suspended on any exchange or in any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">over-the-counter</FONT></FONT> market; (iii)&nbsp;a general moratorium on commercial banking activities shall have been declared by federal or New York State authorities; or (iv)&nbsp;there
shall have occurred any outbreak or escalation of hostilities or any change in financial markets or any calamity or crisis, either within or outside the United States, that, in the judgment of the Representatives, is material and adverse and makes
it impracticable or inadvisable to proceed with the offering, sale or delivery of the Shares on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, on the terms and in the manner contemplated by this Agreement, the Pricing
Disclosure Package and the Prospectus. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">12. <U>Defaulting Underwriter</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) If, on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, any Underwriter defaults on its obligation to purchase the
Shares that it has agreed to purchase hereunder on such date, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters may, in their discretion, arrange for the purchase of such Shares by other persons satisfactory to the Company and
the Selling Stockholders on the terms contained in this Agreement. If, within 36 hours after any such default by any Underwriter, the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters do not arrange for the purchase of such Shares,
then the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall be entitled to a further period of 36 hours within which to procure other persons satisfactory to the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters to purchase such Shares on
such terms. If other persons become obligated or agree to purchase the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter, either the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters or the Company and the Selling Stockholders may postpone the
Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, for up to five full business days in order to effect any changes that, in the opinion of counsel for the Company, counsel for the Selling Stockholders or counsel for the Underwriters,
may be necessary in the Registration Statement and the Prospectus or in any other document or arrangement, and the Company agrees to promptly prepare any amendment or supplement to the Registration Statement and the Prospectus that effects any such
changes. As used in this Agreement, the term &#8220;Underwriter&#8221; includes, for all purposes of this Agreement unless the context otherwise requires, any person not listed in Schedule 1 hereto that, pursuant to this Section&nbsp;12, purchases
Shares that a defaulting Underwriter agreed but failed to purchase. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a
defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters, the Company and the Selling Stockholders as provided in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain
unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, does not exceed <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-eleventh</FONT> of the aggregate number of Shares to be purchased on such date, then the Company and the Selling
Stockholders shall have the right to require each <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriter to purchase the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase hereunder on such date plus such Underwriter&#8217;s pro
rata share (based on the number of Shares that such Underwriter agreed to purchase on such date) of the Shares of such defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters for which such arrangements have not been made. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) If, after giving effect to any arrangements for the purchase of the Shares of a defaulting Underwriter or Underwriters by the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters, the Company and the Selling Stockholders as provided in paragraph (a)&nbsp;above, the aggregate number of Shares that remain unpurchased on the Closing Date or the Additional Closing
Date, as the case may be, exceeds <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">one-eleventh</FONT> of the aggregate amount of Shares to be purchased on such date, or if the Company and the Selling Stockholders shall not exercise the right described in paragraph
(b)&nbsp;above, then this Agreement or, with respect to any Additional Closing Date, the obligation of the Underwriters to purchase Shares on the Additional Closing Date, as the case may be, shall terminate without liability on the part of the <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriters. Any termination of this Agreement pursuant to this Section&nbsp;12 shall be without liability on the part of the Company, except that the Company and the Selling Stockholders will
continue to be liable for the payment of expenses as set forth in Section&nbsp;13 hereof and except that the provisions of Section&nbsp;9 hereof shall not terminate and shall remain in effect. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) Nothing contained herein shall relieve a defaulting Underwriter of any liability it may have to the Company, the Selling Stockholders or
any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-defaulting</FONT> Underwriter for damages caused by its default. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">13. <U>Payment of
Expenses</U><I>.</I> </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) Whether or not the transactions contemplated by this Agreement are consummated or this Agreement is terminated,
the Company will pay or cause to be paid all costs and expenses incident to the performance of its and the Selling Stockholders obligations hereunder, including, without limitation, (i)&nbsp;the costs incident to the authorization, issuance, sale,
preparation and delivery of the Shares and any taxes payable in that connection; (ii)&nbsp;the costs incident to the preparation, printing and filing under the Securities Act of the Registration Statement, the Preliminary Prospectus, any Issuer Free
Writing Prospectus, any Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus (including all exhibits, amendments and supplements thereto) and the distribution thereof; (iii)&nbsp;the fees and expenses of the Company&#8217;s counsel and independent
accountants; (iv)&nbsp;the fees and expenses incurred in connection with the registration or qualification and determination of eligibility for investment of the Shares under the laws of such jurisdictions as the Representatives may designate and
the preparation, printing and distribution of a Blue Sky Memorandum (including the related fees and expenses of counsel for the Underwriters, in an amount not to exceed $10,000 (exclusive of filing fees) without the prior written consent of the
Company);&nbsp;(v) the cost of preparing stock certificates; (vi)&nbsp;the costs and charges of any transfer agent and any registrar; (vii)&nbsp;all expenses and application fees incurred in connection with any filing with, and clearance of the
offering by, FINRA (in an amount not to exceed $10,000 (exclusive of filing fees) without the prior written consent of the Company); (viii) all expenses incurred by the Company in connection with any &#8220;road show&#8221; presentation to potential
investors, the Company and the Underwriters will each pay fifty percent (50%) of the total costs of any aircraft chartered to be used by both the Company and the Underwriters in connection with such road show; and (ix)&nbsp;all expenses and
application fees related to the listing of the Shares on The Nasdaq Global Select Market. </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) If (i)&nbsp;this Agreement is terminated pursuant to Section&nbsp;11, (ii) the Company
or the Selling Stockholders for any reason fail to tender the Shares for delivery to the Underwriters (other than by reason of a default by any Underwriter) or (iii)&nbsp;the Underwriters decline to purchase the Shares for any reason permitted under
this Agreement, the Company and the Selling Stockholders agree to reimburse the Underwriters for all <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap"><FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">out-of-pocket</FONT></FONT> costs and expenses (including the reasonable and
documented fees and expenses of their counsel) reasonably incurred by the Underwriters in connection with this Agreement and the offering contemplated hereby. For the avoidance of doubt, it is understood that the Company shall not pay or reimburse
any costs, fees or expenses incurred by an Underwriter that defaults on its obligations to purchase the Shares. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">14. <U>Persons Entitled
to Benefit of Agreement</U>. This Agreement shall inure to the benefit of and be binding upon the parties hereto and their respective successors and the officers and directors and any controlling persons referred to herein, and the affiliates of
each Underwriter referred to in Section&nbsp;9 hereof. Nothing in this Agreement is intended or shall be construed to give any other person any legal or equitable right, remedy or claim under or in respect of this Agreement or any provision
contained herein. No purchaser of Shares from any Underwriter shall be deemed to be a successor merely by reason of such purchase. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">15.
<U>Survival</U>. The respective indemnities, rights of contribution, representations, warranties and agreements of the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters contained in this Agreement or made by or on behalf of the Company, the
Selling Stockholders or the Underwriters pursuant to this Agreement or any certificate delivered pursuant hereto shall survive the delivery of and payment for the Shares and shall remain in full force and effect, regardless of any termination of
this Agreement or any investigation made by or on behalf of the Company, the Selling Stockholders or the Underwriters or the directors, officers, controlling persons or affiliates referred to in Section&nbsp;9 hereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">16. <U>Certain Defined Terms</U>. For purposes of this Agreement, (a)&nbsp;except where otherwise expressly provided, the term
&#8220;affiliate&#8221; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act; (b)&nbsp;the term &#8220;business day&#8221; means any day other than a day on which banks are permitted or required to be closed in New York City; and
(c)&nbsp;the term &#8220;subsidiary&#8221; has the meaning set forth in Rule 405 under the Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">17. <U>Compliance with USA
Patriot Act</U>. In accordance with the requirements of the USA Patriot Act (Title III of Pub. L. <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">107-56</FONT> (signed into law October&nbsp;26, 2001)), the Underwriters are required to obtain, verify and record
information that identifies their respective clients, including the Company and the Selling Stockholders, which information may include the name and address of their respective clients, as well as other information that will allow the Underwriters
to properly identify their respective clients. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">18. <U>Miscellaneous</U>. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) <I>Notices.</I> All notices and other communications hereunder shall be in writing and shall be deemed to have been duly given if mailed
or transmitted and confirmed by any standard form of telecommunication. Notices to the Underwriters shall be given to the Representatives c/o J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, 270 Park Avenue, New York, New York 10017 (fax: (212) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">622-8358),</FONT> Attention: Equity Syndicate Desk; c/o Jefferies LLC, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, New York 10022, Attention: General Counsel; c/o TD Securities (USA) LLC, 1 Vanderbilt Avenue, New York, New York 10017,
Attention: Head of Equity Capital Markets, with a copy to CIBLegal@tdsecurities.com; c/o Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co., 110 East 59th Street, New York, New York 10022, Attention: Equity Capital Markets.
</P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">32 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
Notices to the Company shall be given to it at Nuvalent, Inc., One Broadway, 14<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP> Floor, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02142; Attention: Chief
Financial Officer, with a copy (which copy shall not constitute notice) to Sidley Austin LLP, 60 State Street, 36<SUP STYLE="font-size:75%; vertical-align:top">th</SUP> Floor, Boston, Massachusetts 02109, Attention: Rosemary G. Reilly. Notices to
the Selling Stockholders shall be given to them at 345 Park Ave. S., New York, New York 10010, with a copy to legalnotice@deerfield.com, with a further copy (which copy shall not constitute notice) to Katten Muchin Rosenman LLP, 525 W. Monroe
Street, Chicago, Illinois 60661-3693; Attention: Mark D. Wood. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) <I>Governing Law.</I> This Agreement and any claim, controversy or
dispute arising under or related to this Agreement shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of New York. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) <I>Submission to Jurisdiction</I>. Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholders hereby submit to the exclusive jurisdiction of the
U.S. federal and New York state courts in the Borough of Manhattan in The City of New York in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement or the transactions contemplated hereby. Each of the Company and the Selling
Stockholders waive any objection which it may now or hereafter have to the laying of venue of any such suit or proceeding in such courts. Each of the Company and the Selling Stockholders agree that final judgment in any such suit, action or
proceeding brought in such court shall be conclusive and binding upon the Company and each Selling Stockholder, as applicable, and may be enforced in any court to the jurisdiction of which the Company and each Selling Stockholder, as applicable, is
subject by a suit upon such judgment. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) <I>Waiver of Jury Trial.</I> Each of the parties hereto hereby waives any right to trial by
jury in any suit or proceeding arising out of or relating to this Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(e) <I>Recognition of the U.S. Special Resolution
Regimes</I>. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity becomes subject to a proceeding under a U.S.
Special Resolution Regime, the transfer from such Underwriter of this Agreement, and any interest and obligation in or under this Agreement, will be effective to the same extent as the transfer would be effective under the U.S. Special Resolution
Regime if this Agreement, and any such interest and obligation, were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) In the event that any Underwriter that is a Covered Entity or a BHC Act Affiliate of such Underwriter becomes subject to a
proceeding under a U.S. Special Resolution Regime, Default Rights under this Agreement that may be exercised against such Underwriter are permitted to be exercised to no greater extent than such Default Rights could be exercised under the U.S.
Special Resolution Regime if this Agreement were governed by the laws of the United States or a state of the United States. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As used in this Section&nbsp;18(e): </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#8220;BHC Act Affiliate&#8221; has the meaning assigned to the term &#8220;affiliate&#8221; in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with,
12 U.S.C. &#167; 1841(k). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#8220;Covered Entity&#8221; means any of the following: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) a &#8220;covered entity&#8221; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 252.82(b); </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">33 </P>

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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) a &#8220;covered bank&#8221; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance
with, 12 C.F.R. &#167; 47.3(b); or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:13%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) a &#8220;covered FSI&#8221; as that term is defined in, and interpreted in accordance with, 12
C.F.R. &#167; 382.2(b). </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#8220;Default Right&#8221; has the meaning assigned to that term in, and shall be interpreted in accordance with,
12 C.F.R. &#167;&#167; 252.81, 47.2 or 382.1, as applicable. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&#8220;U.S. Special Resolution Regime&#8221; means each of (i)&nbsp;the
Federal Deposit Insurance Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder and (ii)&nbsp;Title II of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act and the regulations promulgated thereunder. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(f) <I>Counterparts.</I> This Agreement may be signed in counterparts (which may include counterparts delivered by any standard form of
telecommunication), each of which shall be an original and all of which together shall constitute one and the same instrument. The words &#8220;execution,&#8221; &#8220;signed,&#8221; &#8220;signature,&#8221; &#8220;delivery,&#8221; and words of
like import in or relating to this Agreement or any document to be signed in connection with this Agreement shall be deemed to include electronic signatures, deliveries or the keeping of records in electronic form (including any electronic signature
covered by the U.S. federal ESIGN Act of 2000, Uniform Electronic Transactions Act, the Electronic Signatures and Records Act or other applicable law, e.g., www.docusign.com), each of which shall be of the same legal effect, validity or
enforceability as a manually executed signature, physical delivery thereof or the use of a paper-based recordkeeping system, as the case may be, and the parties hereto consent to conduct the transactions contemplated hereunder by electronic means.
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(g) <I>Amendments or Waivers.</I> No amendment or waiver of any provision of this Agreement, nor any consent or approval to any departure
therefrom, shall in any event be effective unless the same shall be in writing and signed by the parties hereto. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(h) <I>Headings.</I> The
headings herein are included for convenience of reference only and are not intended to be part of, or to affect the meaning or interpretation of, this Agreement. </P>
 <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">34 </P>

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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">If the foregoing is in accordance with your understanding, please indicate your acceptance
of this Agreement by signing in the space provided below. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="40%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="7%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="1%"></TD>
<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">NUVALENT, INC.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ James R. Porter</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: James R. Porter</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: President and Chief Executive Officer</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">DEERFIELD HEALTHCARE INNOVATIONS FUND, L.P.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BY: DEERFIELD MGMT HIF, L.P., ITS GENERAL PARTNER</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BY: DEERFIELD UGP, LLC, ITS GENERAL PARTNER</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Lawrence Atinsky</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: Lawrence Atinsky</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">DEERFIELD PRIVATE DESIGN FUND IV, L.P.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BY: DEERFIELD MGMT IV, L.P., ITS GENERAL PARTNER</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">BY: DEERFIELD UGP, LLC, ITS GENERAL PARTNER</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Lawrence Atinsky</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name: Lawrence Atinsky</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title: Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
</TABLE></DIV> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[<I>Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement</I>] </P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">

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<TD WIDTH="92%"></TD></TR>


<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Accepted: As of the date first written above</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">JEFFERIES LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">CANTOR FITZGERALD&nbsp;&amp; CO.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">For themselves and on behalf of the several Underwriters listed in Schedule 1 hereto.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">J.P. MORGAN SECURITIES LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ David Ke</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">JEFFERIES LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Dr.&nbsp;Phillip&nbsp;S. Ross</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">TD SECURITIES (USA) LLC</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Mariel Healy</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top" ALIGN="center">Authorized Signatory</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="3"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">CANTOR FITZGERALD&nbsp;&amp; CO.</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1pt">
<TD HEIGHT="16"></TD>
<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top">By:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Jason Fenton /s/ KB /s/ JS</P></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Jason Fenton</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Global <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Co-Head</FONT> of EMC</TD></TR>
</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">[<I>Signature Page to Underwriting Agreement</I>] </P>
</DIV></Center>


<p style="margin-top:1em; margin-bottom:0em; page-break-before:always"> </p>
<HR SIZE="3" style="COLOR:#999999" WIDTH="100%" ALIGN="CENTER">

<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Schedule 1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="86%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="7%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Underwriter</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">Number&nbsp;of&nbsp;Shares</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,485,149</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jefferies LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,287,129</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TD Securities (USA) LLC</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">1,237,624</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">940,594</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:3.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Total</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right"><B>4,950,496</B></TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom"><B>&nbsp;</B></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="font-size:1px; ">
<TD VALIGN="bottom"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-top:1.00px solid #000000">&nbsp;</P></TD>
<TD>&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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<Center><DIV STYLE="width:8.5in" align="left">
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Schedule 2 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE CELLSPACING="0" CELLPADDING="0" WIDTH="100%" BORDER="0" STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" ALIGN="center">


<TR>

<TD WIDTH="88%"></TD>

<TD VALIGN="bottom" WIDTH="6%"></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD>
<TD></TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="bottom" NOWRAP> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000; display:table-cell; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; ">Selling Stockholders</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom" COLSPAN="2" ALIGN="center" STYLE="border-bottom:1.00pt solid #000000">Number&nbsp;of<br>Option&nbsp;Shares:</TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>


<TR BGCOLOR="#cceeff" STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Deerfield Healthcare Innovations Fund, L.P.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">371,287</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
<TR STYLE="page-break-inside:avoid ; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt">
<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:1.00em; text-indent:-1.00em; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Deerfield Private Design Fund IV, L.P.</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom" ALIGN="right">371,287</TD>
<TD NOWRAP VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD></TR>
</TABLE>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Annex A </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">a.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Disclosure Package</B> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">None. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<TABLE STYLE="BORDER-COLLAPSE:COLLAPSE; font-family:Times New Roman; font-size:10pt" BORDER="0" CELLPADDING="0" CELLSPACING="0" WIDTH="100%">
<TR style = "page-break-inside:avoid">
<TD WIDTH="4%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">b.</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><B>Pricing Information Provided Orally by Underwriters</B> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Underwritten Shares: 4,950,496 shares of Common Stock </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Option Shares: 742,574 shares of Common Stock </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Public Offering Price Per Share: $101.00 </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">Exhibit A </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">FORM OF <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">LOCK-UP</FONT> AGREEMENT </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right">November ___, 2025 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. Morgan Securities LLC
</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Jefferies LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">TD Securities (USA) LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">As
Representatives of </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">the several Underwriters listed in </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:2%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">referred to below </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o J.P. Morgan Securities
LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">270 Park Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10017 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o Jefferies LLC </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">520 Madison Avenue </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10022 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o TD Securities (USA) LLC </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1 Vanderbilt Avenue </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10017 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">c/o Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">110 East 59th Street, 6th
Floor </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">New York, New York 10022 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">Re:
Nuvalent, Inc. &#8212; Offering </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that J.P. Morgan Securities LLC (&#8220;J.P. Morgan&#8221;), Jefferies LLC (&#8220;Jefferies&#8221;), TD Securities
(USA) LLC (&#8220;Cowen&#8221;) and Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co., as representatives (the &#8220;Representatives&#8221;) of the several Underwriters, propose to enter into an underwriting agreement (the &#8220;Underwriting Agreement&#8221;) with
Nuvalent, Inc., a Delaware corporation (the &#8220;Company&#8221;), and the Selling Stockholders listed on Schedule 2 to the Underwriting Agreement, providing for the offering (the &#8220;Offering&#8221;) by the several Underwriters named in
Schedule 1 to the Underwriting Agreement (the &#8220;Underwriters&#8221;), of the Shares (as defined in the Underwriting Agreement), which consists of Class&nbsp;A common stock, par value $0.0001 per share of the Company (the &#8220;Common
Stock&#8221;). Capitalized terms used herein and not otherwise defined shall have the meanings set forth in the Underwriting Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In consideration of the Underwriters&#8217; agreement to purchase and make the Offering of the Shares, and for other good and valuable
consideration, receipt of which is hereby acknowledged, the undersigned hereby agrees that, without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan, Jefferies and Cowen on behalf of the Underwriters, the undersigned will not, and, [to the extent the
undersigned is not (i)&nbsp;an investment company (a &#8220;40 Act Fund&#8221;) registered under the Investment Company Act of 1940, as amended (the </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">
&#8220;Investment Company Act&#8221;), advised or controlled by multiple investment managers or the investment manager of such 40 Act Fund, (ii)&nbsp;an investment fund that is exempt from the
registration requirements under the Investment Company Act and managed by an investment advisor registered with the SEC pursuant to the Investment Advisers Act of 1940, as amended, or (iii)&nbsp;an affiliate of the entities described in clauses
(i)&nbsp;and (ii) (clauses (i), (ii) and (iii)&nbsp;collectively, &#8220;Specified Persons&#8221;),] will not cause any direct or indirect affiliate to, during the period beginning on the date of this letter agreement (this &#8220;Letter
Agreement&#8221;) and ending at the close of business 30 days after the date of the final prospectus relating to the Offering (the &#8220;Prospectus&#8221;) (such period, the &#8220;Restricted Period&#8221;), (1) offer, pledge, sell, contract to
sell, sell any option or contract to purchase, purchase any option or contract to sell, grant any option, right or warrant to purchase, lend, or otherwise transfer or dispose of, directly or indirectly, any shares of Common Stock or any securities
convertible into or exercisable or exchangeable for Common Stock (including, without limitation, Common Stock or such other securities which may be deemed to be beneficially owned by the undersigned in accordance with the rules and regulations of
the Securities and Exchange Commission and securities which may be issued upon exercise of a stock option or warrant) (collectively with the Common Stock, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">&#8220;Lock-Up</FONT> Securities&#8221;), (2) enter into any
hedging, swap or other agreement or transaction that transfers, in whole or in part, any of the economic consequences of ownership of the <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities, whether any such transaction described in clause
(1)&nbsp;or (2) above is to be settled by delivery of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities, in cash or otherwise, (3)&nbsp;make any demand for or exercise any right with respect to the registration of any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities [(other than an Underwritten Sale in connection with a Triggering Release (as defined herein))], or (4)&nbsp;publicly disclose the intention to do any of the foregoing. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[For the avoidance of doubt, to the extent the undersigned has demand and/or piggyback registration rights, the foregoing shall not prohibit
the undersigned from notifying the Company privately that it is or will be exercising its demand and/or piggyback registration rights following the expiration of the Restricted Period and undertaking preparations related thereto; provided that the
foregoing notification and/or preparations do not request, require or result in the filing or confidential submission of a registration statement with the Securities and Exchange Commission or any other public announcement or activity regarding such
registration by the undersigned, the Company or any third party during the Restricted Period (and no such filing, confidential submission, public announcement or activity shall be voluntarily made or taken by the undersigned, the Company or any
third party during the Restricted Period without the prior written consent of J.P. Morgan, Jefferies and Cowen).] </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned
acknowledges and agrees that the foregoing precludes the undersigned from engaging in, or[, to the extent the undersigned is not a Specified Person,] directing any affiliate to engage in, any hedging or other transactions or arrangements (including,
without limitation, any short sale or the purchase or sale of, or entry into, any put or call option, or combination thereof, forward, swap or any other derivative transaction or instrument, however described or defined) designed or intended, or
which could reasonably be expected to lead to or result in, a sale or disposition or transfer (whether by the undersigned or any other person) of any economic consequences of ownership, in whole or in part, directly or indirectly, of any <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities, whether any such transaction or arrangement (or instrument provided for thereunder) would be settled by delivery of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities, in cash or
otherwise. [The undersigned further confirms that neither the undersigned nor any of its affiliates is a party, as of the date hereof, to a transaction that would have been restricted by this Letter Agreement if it had been entered into by the
undersigned during the Restricted Period.] </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Notwithstanding the foregoing, the undersigned may: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(a) transfer or dispose of the undersigned&#8217;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities: </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(i) as a bona fide gift or gifts, or for bona fide estate planning purposes, or to a
charitable organization or educational institution in a transfer not involving a disposition for value, </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ii) by will or other testamentary
document or intestate succession to the legal representative, heir, beneficiary or a member of the immediate family of the undersigned upon the death of the undersigned intestacy, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iii) to any trust for the direct or indirect benefit of the undersigned or the immediate family of the undersigned, or if the undersigned is a
trust, to a grantor, trustor, trustee or beneficiary of the trust or to the estate of a beneficiary of such trust (for purposes of this Letter Agreement, &#8220;immediate family&#8221; shall mean any relationship by blood, current or former
marriage, domestic partnership or adoption, not more remote than first cousin), </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(iv) to a partnership, limited liability company or other
entity of which the undersigned and/or the immediate family of the undersigned are the legal and beneficial owner of all of the outstanding equity securities or similar interests, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(v) to a nominee or custodian of a person or entity to whom a disposition or transfer would be permissible under clauses (i)&nbsp;through (iv)
above, </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vi) if the undersigned is a corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity, (A)&nbsp;to
another corporation, partnership, limited liability company, trust or other business entity that is an affiliate (as defined in Rule 405 promulgated under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended) of the undersigned, or to any investment fund or other
entity controlling, controlled by, managing or managed by or under common control [or management] with the undersigned or affiliates of the undersigned (including, for the avoidance of doubt, where the undersigned is a partnership, to its general
partner or a successor partnership or fund, or any other funds managed by such partnership), or (B)&nbsp;as part of a distribution, transfer or disposition to members, limited partners, general partners, stockholders or other equityholders of the
undersigned or to the estate of any such members, limited partners, general partners, stockholders or equityholders, </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(vii) by operation of
law, such as pursuant to a qualified domestic order, divorce settlement, divorce decree or separation agreement or other court order, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(viii) to the Company from an employee of the Company upon death, disability or termination of employment, in each case, of such employee, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(ix) as part of a sale[, transfer or other disposition] of the undersigned&#8217;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities
acquired [(A) from the Underwriters in the Offering or (B)&nbsp;from the Company in a registered direct offering, or (C)] in open market transactions [on or after the date of the Prospectus][after the closing date for the Offering][, and the
undersigned may otherwise enter into or effectuate any transaction involving any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities acquired in a transaction described in clause (A), (B) or (C)], </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(x) to the Company in connection with the vesting, settlement, or exercise of restricted stock units, options, warrants or other rights to
purchase shares of Common Stock (including, in each case, by way of &#8220;net&#8221; or &#8220;cashless&#8221; exercise), including for the payment of exercise price and tax and remittance payments due as a result of the vesting, settlement, or
exercise of such restricted stock units, options, warrants or rights, provided that any such shares of Common Stock received upon such exercise, vesting or settlement shall be subject to the terms of this Letter Agreement, and provided further that
any such restricted stock units, options, warrants or rights are held by the undersigned pursuant to an agreement or equity awards granted under a stock incentive plan or other equity award plan, each such agreement or plan which is described in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus, </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xi) pursuant to a bona fide third-party tender offer, merger, consolidation or other
similar transaction that is approved by the Board of Directors of the Company and made to all holders of the Company&#8217;s capital stock involving a Change of Control (as defined below) of the Company (for purposes hereof, &#8220;Change of
Control&#8221; shall mean the transfer (whether by tender offer, merger, consolidation or other similar transaction), in one transaction or a series of related transactions, to a person or group of affiliated persons, of shares of capital stock if,
after such transfer, such person or group of affiliated persons would hold at least a majority of the outstanding voting securities of the Company (or the surviving entity )); <U>provided</U> that in the event that such tender offer, merger,
consolidation or other similar transaction is not completed, the undersigned&#8217;s <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities shall remain subject to the provisions of this Letter Agreement, </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xii) pursuant to any contractual arrangement in effect on the date of this Letter Agreement and described in the Registration Statement,
Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus that provides for the repurchase of the undersigned&#8217;s Common Stock or other securities by the Company or in connection with the termination of the undersigned&#8217;s employment with or service to
the Company, or </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:9%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(xiii) [the][pursuant to a] transfer of Shares pursuant to a written plan in effect on the date hereof meeting the
requirements of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-l</FONT> under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the &#8220;Exchange Act&#8221;); provided, that filings under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act related thereto shall
include a statement that such transfer of Shares was effected pursuant to a written plan meeting the requirements of Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act and shall also state the date such trading plan was
adopted; </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>provided</U> that (A)&nbsp;in the case of any transfer, distribution or disposition pursuant to clause (a)(i), (ii), (iii), (iv), (v), (vi)
or (vii), (1) such transfer shall not involve a disposition for value (provided that with respect to clause (vi), this shall apply to (vi)(B) only) and (2)&nbsp;each donee, devisee, transferee or distributee shall execute and deliver to the
Representatives a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> letter in the form of this Letter Agreement, (B)&nbsp;in the case of any transfer, distribution or disposition pursuant to clause (a)(ii), (iii), (iv)[,][or] (v)[, (vi) and (ix)] no
filing by any party (donor, donee, devisee, transferor, transferee, distributer or distributee) under the Exchange Act, or other public announcement shall be required or shall be made voluntarily in connection with such transfer or distribution
(other than a required filing on [Form 4 or] Form 5, in each case made after the Restricted Period, [or any required 13G, 13G/A, 13D, 13D/A or 13F filing,] each of which filing shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto the nature and
conditions of each transfer or disposition) and (C)&nbsp;in the case of any transfer or distribution pursuant to clause (a)(i), (vi), (vii), (viii), (ix), (x) or (xii)&nbsp;it shall be a condition to such transfer that no public filing, report or
announcement shall be voluntarily made and if any filing under Section&nbsp;16(a) of the Exchange Act, or other public filing, report or announcement reporting a reduction in beneficial ownership of shares of Common Stock in connection with such
transfer or distribution shall be legally required during the Restricted Period, such filing, report or announcement shall clearly indicate in the footnotes thereto the nature and conditions of such transfer or disposition; </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(b) exercise outstanding options, settle restricted stock units or other equity awards or exercise warrants pursuant to plans described in the
Registration Statement, the Pricing Disclosure Package and the Prospectus; provided that any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities received upon such exercise, vesting or settlement shall be subject to the terms of this Letter
Agreement; </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(c) convert outstanding preferred stock, warrants to acquire preferred stock or convertible
securities into shares of Common Stock or warrants to acquire shares of Common Stock; provided that any such shares of Common Stock or warrants received upon such conversion shall be subject to the terms of this Letter Agreement; and </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">(d) establish trading plans pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act for the transfer of shares
of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities; <U>provided</U> that (1)&nbsp;such plans do not provide for the transfer of <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities [(other than
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities acquired in a transaction described in clause (a)(ix))] during the Restricted Period and (2)&nbsp;no filing by any party under the Exchange Act or other public announcement shall be required
or made voluntarily in connection with such trading plan during the Restricted Period (other than the required disclosure on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> or Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-K,</FONT> as applicable, of
the adoption of a trading plan pursuant to Rule <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10b5-1</FONT> under the Exchange Act during the relevant fiscal quarter), and any public announcement or filing under the Exchange Act made by any person regarding the
establishment of such plan during the Restricted Period shall include a statement that the undersigned is not permitted to transfer, sell or otherwise dispose of securities under such plan during the Restricted Period in contravention of this Letter
Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[If any record or beneficial owner of any securities of the Company, which shall include, for avoidance of doubt, any officer
or director, other than the undersigned (each, a &#8220;Triggering Shareholder&#8221;), is granted an early release from the restrictions of any <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">lock-up</FONT> agreement such as those described herein during the
Restricted Period (each, a &#8220;Triggering Release&#8221;), then the undersigned shall also be automatically granted an early release from its obligations hereunder with respect to the same percentage of the undersigned&#8217;s shares of Common
Stock as the percentage that the shares of Common Stock being released in the Triggering Release represent with respect to the shares of Common Stock held by the Triggering Shareholder at the time of the Triggering Release; provided that
(a)&nbsp;the foregoing pro rata release will not apply if the aggregate number of shares of Common Stock released pursuant to all Triggering Releases is less than or equal to 1.0% of the total number of outstanding shares of Common Stock calculated
as of the date of the Underwriting Agreement (calculated assuming conversion of all outstanding shares of the Company&#8217;s Class&nbsp;B common stock), (b) the foregoing pro rata release will not apply if a Triggering Release is effected solely to
permit a transfer not for consideration and the transferee has agreed in writing to be bound by the same terms described in this Letter Agreement to the extent and for the duration that such terms remain in effect at the time of the transfer, and
(c)&nbsp;in the case of any secondary underwritten public offering (an &#8220;Underwritten Sale&#8221;) of shares of Common Stock (including a secondary underwritten public offering with a primary component) that occurs during the Restricted Period
if (i)&nbsp;the undersigned is offered the opportunity to participate on a pro rata basis with and otherwise on the same terms as any other equityholder in such underwritten public offering and (ii)&nbsp;in the event the underwriters make the
determination to cut back the number of securities to be sold by the stockholders in such Underwritten Sale, such cut back shall be applied to the undersigned on a basis consistent with all stockholders, in each case subject to the terms of any
applicable registration rights, provided that such early release shall only apply with respect to the undersigned&#8217;s participation in such Underwritten Sale. The Representatives shall use commercially reasonable efforts to provide notice to the
Company within two business days upon the occurrence of a Triggering Release, and the Company, in turn, shall notify the undersigned within two business days thereafter that the same percentage of Common Stock held by the undersigned has been
released from the restrictions set forth in this Letter Agreement; provided that the failure to give such notice (unless such failure is finally judicially determined to have resulted from bad faith) shall not give rise to any claim or liability
against the Underwriters. The undersigned further acknowledges that the Representatives are under no obligation to inquire into whether, or to ensure that, the Company notifies the undersigned of the delivery by the Representatives of any such
notice, which is a matter between the undersigned and the Company. For purposes of determining record or beneficial ownership of a shareholder, all shares of Common Stock held by investment funds affiliated with such shareholder shall be
aggregated.] </P>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In furtherance of the foregoing, the Company, and any duly appointed transfer agent for the
registration or transfer of the securities described herein, are hereby authorized to decline to make any transfer of securities if such transfer would constitute a violation or breach of this Letter Agreement. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned hereby represents and warrants that the undersigned has full power and authority to enter into this Letter Agreement. All
authority herein conferred or agreed to be conferred and any obligations of the undersigned shall be binding upon the successors, assigns, heirs or personal representatives of the undersigned. The undersigned acknowledges and agrees that the
Underwriters have not provided any recommendation or investment advice nor have the Underwriters solicited any action from the undersigned with respect to the Offering of the Shares and the undersigned has consulted [its][their] own legal,
accounting, financial, regulatory and tax advisors to the extent deemed appropriate. The undersigned further acknowledges and agrees that, although the Representatives may be required or choose to provide certain Regulation Best Interest and Form
CRS disclosures to you in connection with the Offering, the Representatives and the other Underwriters are not making a recommendation to you to enter into this Letter Agreement, participate in the Offering, or sell any Shares at the price
determined in the Offering, and nothing set forth in such disclosures is intended to suggest that the Representatives or any Underwriter is making such a recommendation. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The undersigned understands that, if (i)&nbsp;prior to the execution of the Underwriting Agreement, either the Company or the Representatives
notifies the other in writing that it does not intend to proceed with the Offering, (ii)&nbsp;the Underwriting Agreement does not become effective by December&nbsp;15, 2025, (iii) if the Underwriting Agreement (other than the provisions thereof
which survive termination) shall terminate or be terminated prior to payment for and delivery of the Shares to be sold thereunder, or (iv)&nbsp;the registration statement filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission in connection with the
Offering is withdrawn, the undersigned shall be released from all obligations under this Letter Agreement. The undersigned understands that the Underwriters are entering into the Underwriting Agreement and proceeding with the Offering in reliance
upon this Letter Agreement. For the avoidance of doubt, the undersigned shall not be subject to any obligations under this Letter Agreement in connection with any offering of securities of the Company other than the Offering. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This Letter Agreement and any claim, controversy or dispute arising under or related to this Letter Agreement shall be governed by and
construed in accordance with the [internal] laws of the State of New York, without regard to the conflict of laws principles thereof. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">[Notwithstanding any other provision contained herein, the provisions of this Letter Agreement shall not apply to <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">Lock-Up</FONT> Securities held directly by entities affiliated with [Name of Affiliated Fund].] </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P><DIV ALIGN="right">
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<TD VALIGN="top" COLSPAN="3">Very truly yours,</TD></TR>
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<TD HEIGHT="16" COLSPAN="2"></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top">&#8195;&#8194;By:</TD>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; border-bottom:1px solid #000000; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">&nbsp;&#8195;&#8195;&#8195;</P></TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="top"></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Name:</TD></TR>
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<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD VALIGN="top">Title:</TD></TR>
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<TYPE>EX-5.1
<SEQUENCE>3
<FILENAME>d33478dex51.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-5.1
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 5.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">SIDLEY AUSTIN LLP</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">60 STATE STREET, 36TH
FLOOR</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">BOSTON, MASSACHUSETTS 02109</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">+1 617 223 0300</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">+1 617 223 0301 FAX</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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</TABLE> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center">November&nbsp;20, 2025 </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Nuvalent, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">One Broadway, 14th Floor </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Cambridge, MA 02142 </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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<TD WIDTH="4%">&nbsp;</TD>
<TD WIDTH="5%" VALIGN="top" ALIGN="left">Re:</TD>
<TD ALIGN="left" VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE=" margin-top:0pt ; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman; " ALIGN="left"><U>Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3</FONT> </U> </P></TD></TR></TABLE>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Ladies and Gentlemen: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We refer to the
Registration Statement on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-3,</FONT> File <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">No.&nbsp;333-</FONT> 270593 (the&nbsp;&#8220;<U>Registration Statement</U>&#8221;), filed by Nuvalent, Inc., a Delaware corporation
(the &#8220;<U>Company</U>&#8221;), with the Securities and Exchange Commission under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended (the&nbsp;&#8220;<U>Securities Act</U>&#8221;), which Registration Statement became effective upon filing pursuant to Rule
462(e) under the Securities Act. Pursuant to the Registration Statement, (a)&nbsp;the Company is issuing 4,950,496 shares (the &#8220;<U>Company Shares</U>&#8221;) of its Class&nbsp;A common stock, $0.0001 par value per share (the &#8220;Common
Stock&#8221;) and (b)&nbsp;Deerfield Healthcare Innovations Fund, L.P. and Deerfield Private Design Fund IV, L.P. (collectively, the &#8220;<U>Selling Stockholders</U>&#8221;) are selling up to 742,574 shares of Common Stock, which may be sold
pursuant to the exercise of the underwriters&#8217; option to purchase shares to cover overallotments under the Underwriting Agreement (as defined below)) (the &#8220;<U>Secondary Shares</U>&#8221;). The Company Shares and the Secondary Shares are
being sold pursuant to an underwriting agreement, dated November&nbsp;18, 2025 (the &#8220;<U>Underwriting Agreement</U>&#8221;), by and among the Company, the Selling Stockholders and the Underwriters named therein. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This opinion letter is being delivered in accordance with the requirements of Item 601(b)(5) of Regulation
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">S-K</FONT> under the Securities Act. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We have examined the Registration Statement, the Underwriting
Agreement, the Company&#8217;s certificate of incorporation and the resolutions adopted by the board of directors of the Company and the pricing committee thereof established by such board relating to the Registration Statement and the issuance of
the Company Shares by the Company. We have also examined originals, or copies of originals certified to our satisfaction, of such agreements, documents, certificates and statements of the Company and other corporate documents and instruments, and
have examined such questions of law, as we have considered relevant and necessary as a basis for this opinion letter. We have assumed the authenticity of all documents submitted to us as originals, the genuineness of all signatures, the legal
capacity of all persons and the conformity with the original documents of any copies thereof submitted to us for examination. As to facts relevant to the opinions expressed herein, we have relied without independent investigation or verification
upon, and assumed the accuracy and completeness of, certificates, letters and oral and written statements and representations of public officials and officers and other representatives of the Company. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:8pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><I>Sidley Austin (NE) LLP is a Delaware limited liability partnership doing business as Sidley Austin LLP and practicing in affiliation with
other Sidley Austin partnerships. </I></P>
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</P> <P STYLE="font-size:6pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Nuvalent, Inc.</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">November&nbsp;20, 2025</P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Page 2</P></TD>
<TD VALIGN="bottom">&nbsp;&nbsp;</TD>
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Based on and subject to the foregoing and the other limitations, qualifications and
assumptions set forth herein, we are of the opinion that: </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1. The issuance and sale of the Company Shares covered by the
Registration Statement pursuant to the Underwriting Agreement have been duly authorized by the Company, and such Company Shares will be validly issued, fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable</FONT> when certificates
representing such Company Shares shall have been duly executed, countersigned and registered and duly delivered to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor in an amount not less than the par value thereof or, if
any such Company Shares are to be issued in uncertificated form, the Company&#8217;s books shall reflect the issuance of such Company Shares to the purchasers thereof against payment of the agreed consideration therefor in an amount not less than
the par value thereof, in accordance with the Underwriting Agreement. </P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; margin-left:4%; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">2. The Secondary Shares are validly issued, fully paid and <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-assessable.</FONT> </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This opinion letter is limited to the General Corporation Law of the State of Delaware. We express no opinion as to the laws, rules or
regulations of any other jurisdiction, including, without limitation, the federal laws of the United States of America or any state securities or blue sky laws. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; text-indent:4%; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">We hereby consent to the filing of this opinion letter as an Exhibit to the Registration Statement and to all references to our Firm included
in or made a part of the Registration Statement. In giving such consent, we do not thereby admit that we are in the category of persons whose consent is required under Section&nbsp;7 of the Securities Act. </P>
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<TD VALIGN="top"> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Very truly yours,</P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt; margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:1pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">/s/ Sidley Austin LLP</P></TD></TR>
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<TYPE>EX-99.1
<SEQUENCE>4
<FILENAME>d33478dex991.htm
<DESCRIPTION>EX-99.1
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 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="right"><B>Exhibit 99.1 </B></P> <P STYLE="font-size:12pt;margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt">&nbsp;</P>
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 </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman" ALIGN="center"><B>Nuvalent Announces Pricing of Public Offering of Common Stock </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>CAMBRIDGE, Mass., Nov. 18</B>, <B>2025</B> &#8211; Nuvalent, Inc. (Nasdaq: NUVL), a clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on creating<I>
precisely</I> targeted therapies for clinically proven kinase targets in cancer, today announced the pricing of an underwritten public offering of shares of Class&nbsp;A common stock at a price to the public of $101.00 per share. Nuvalent is selling
4,950,496 shares in the offering. The gross proceeds to Nuvalent from the offering, before deducting underwriting discounts and commissions and other offering expenses, are expected to be approximately $500.0&nbsp;million. The offering is expected
to close on November&nbsp;20, 2025, subject to the satisfaction of customary closing conditions. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">In addition, Deerfield Healthcare Innovations Fund, L.P.
and Deerfield Private Design Fund IV, L.P. (together, the &#8220;Selling Stockholders&#8221;) have granted the underwriters a <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">30-day</FONT> option to purchase from the Selling Stockholders up to an additional 742,574
shares of Class&nbsp;A common stock at the public offering price less underwriting discounts and commissions. Nuvalent will not receive any proceeds from the sale of any shares by the Selling Stockholders. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">J.P. Morgan, Jefferies, TD Cowen and Cantor are acting as joint book-running managers for the offering. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">The shares are being offered by Nuvalent pursuant to an automatically effective shelf registration statement that was filed with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (&#8220;SEC&#8221;) on March&nbsp;16, 2023. The offering is being made only by means of a prospectus and prospectus supplement that form a part of the registration statement. A preliminary prospectus supplement relating to and describing
the terms of the offering has been filed with the SEC and may be obtained for free by visiting the SEC&#8217;s website at www.sec.gov. A final prospectus supplement relating to the offering will be filed with the SEC. Copies of the final prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus can be obtained, when available, from: J.P. Morgan Securities LLC, c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions, 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, NY 11717, or by email at
<FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">prospectus-eq_fi@jpmchase.com</FONT> and postsalemanualrequests@broadridge.com; Jefferies LLC, Attention: Equity Syndicate Prospectus Department, 520 Madison Avenue, New York, NY 10022, by telephone at (877) <FONT
STYLE="white-space:nowrap">821-7388,</FONT> or by email at Prospectus_Department@Jefferies.com; TD Securities (USA) LLC, c/o Broadridge Financial Solutions, 1155 Long Island Avenue, Edgewood, NY 11717 or by email at TDManualrequest@broadridge.com;
or Cantor Fitzgerald&nbsp;&amp; Co., Attention: Equity Capital Markets, 110 East 59th Street, 6th Floor, New York, New York 10022, or by email at prospectus@cantor.com. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This press release shall not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy these securities, nor shall there be any sale of these
securities in any state or jurisdiction in which such offer, solicitation or sale would be unlawful prior to registration or qualification under the securities laws of any such state or jurisdiction. </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>About Nuvalent </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Nuvalent, Inc. (Nasdaq: NUVL) is a
clinical-stage biopharmaceutical company focused on creating<I>&nbsp;precisely</I>&nbsp;targeted therapies for patients with cancer, designed to overcome the limitations of existing therapies for clinically proven kinase targets. Leveraging deep
expertise in chemistry and structure-based drug design, we develop innovative small molecules that have the potential to overcome resistance, minimize adverse events, address brain metastases, and drive more durable responses. Nuvalent is advancing
a robust pipeline with investigational candidates for ROS1-positive, <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">ALK-positive,</FONT> and HER2-altered <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">non-small</FONT> cell lung cancer, and multiple discovery-stage research
programs. </P>
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<IMG SRC="g33478dsp4.jpg" ALT="LOGO">
 </P> <p STYLE="margin-top:0pt;margin-bottom:0pt ; font-size:8pt">&nbsp;</P>
 <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Cautionary Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements </B></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:6pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995, as amended, that involve
substantial risks and uncertainties. The words &#8220;anticipate,&#8221; &#8220;believe,&#8221; &#8220;estimate,&#8221; &#8220;expect,&#8221; &#8220;intend,&#8221; &#8220;may,&#8221; &#8220;plan,&#8221; &#8220;predict,&#8221; &#8220;project,&#8221;
&#8220;target,&#8221; &#8220;potential,&#8221; &#8220;will,&#8221; &#8220;would,&#8221; &#8220;could,&#8221; &#8220;should,&#8221; &#8220;continue,&#8221; &#8220;contemplate,&#8221; &#8220;seek,&#8221; &#8220;look forward,&#8221;
&#8220;advance,&#8221; &#8220;goal,&#8221; &#8220;strategy,&#8221; &#8220;promising,&#8221; &#8220;opportunity,&#8221; or the negative of these terms or other similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements, although not all
forward-looking statements contain these identifying words. These forward-looking statements include, among others, statements regarding the proposed offering, including the satisfaction of customary closing conditions relating to the offering and
the expected closing of the offering. Actual results may differ materially from those projected or implied in these forward-looking statements. Factors that may cause such a difference include, without limitation, risks and uncertainties related to
market conditions that may affect the timing, terms and conditions of the offering and the satisfaction of closing conditions related to the offering. There can be no assurance that Nuvalent will be able to complete the offering on the anticipated
terms, or at all. You should not place undue reliance on these <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">forward-looking</FONT> statements. Additional risks and uncertainties relating to the offering, Nuvalent and its business can be found under the caption
&#8220;Risk Factors&#8221; included in Nuvalent&#8217;s Quarterly Report on Form <FONT STYLE="white-space:nowrap">10-Q</FONT> for the quarterly period ended September&nbsp;30, 2025, Nuvalent&#8217;s preliminary prospectus supplement filed with the
SEC on November&nbsp;17, 2025 and other filings that Nuvalent may make with the SEC in the future. Any forward-looking statements contained in this press release speak only as of the date hereof, and Nuvalent expressly disclaims any obligation to
update any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">For further information: </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:18pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Investor Contact </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Chelcie Lister </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Nuvalent, Inc. </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>clister@nuvalent.com </U></P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:12pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><B>Media Contact </B></P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">Josie Butler </P>
<P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman">1AB </P> <P STYLE="margin-top:0pt; margin-bottom:0pt; font-size:10pt; font-family:Times New Roman"><U>josie@1abmedia.com </U></P>
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<TYPE>EX-101.SCH
<SEQUENCE>5
<FILENAME>nuvl-20251118.xsd
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION SCHEMA
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii"?>
<!-- DFIN - https://www.dfinsolutions.com/ -->
<!-- CTU Version: Release 2512 Build:20250722.1 -->
<!-- Creation date: 11/20/2025 1:40:10 PM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2025 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<xsd:schema
  xmlns:nonnum="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric"
  xmlns:num="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric"
  xmlns:us-types="http://fasb.org/us-types/2025"
  xmlns:nuvl="http://www.nuvalent.com/20251118"
  xmlns:dei="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025"
  xmlns:xbrli="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/instance"
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xbrldt="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt"
  attributeFormDefault="unqualified"
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  targetNamespace="http://www.nuvalent.com/20251118"
  xmlns:xsd="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema">
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    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/numeric" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/nonNumeric-2009-12-16.xsd" namespace="http://www.xbrl.org/dtr/type/non-numeric" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="https://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2025/naics-2025.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.sec.gov/naics/2025" />
    <xsd:import schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt-2005.xsd" namespace="http://xbrl.org/2005/xbrldt" />
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        <link:usedOn>link:presentationLink</link:usedOn>
        <link:usedOn>link:definitionLink</link:usedOn>
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<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.LAB
<SEQUENCE>6
<FILENAME>nuvl-20251118_lab.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION LABEL LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="us-ascii" standalone="yes"?>
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<!-- CTU Version: Release 2512 Build:20250722.1 -->
<!-- Creation date: 11/20/2025 1:40:10 PM Eastern Time -->
<!-- Copyright (c) 2025 Donnelley Financial Solutions, Inc. All Rights Reserved. -->
<link:linkbase
  xmlns:link="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase"
  xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"
  xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
  xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/linkbase http://www.xbrl.org/2003/xbrl-linkbase-2003-12-31.xsd">
  <link:labelLink xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/link" xlink:type="extended">
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CoverAbstract" xlink:to="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CoverAbstract_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Cover [Abstract]</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_AmendmentFlag" xlink:to="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_AmendmentFlag_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Amendment Flag</link:label>
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    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey" xlink:to="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityCentralIndexKey_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Central Index Key</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentType" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentType" xlink:to="dei_DocumentType_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentType_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Type</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate" xlink:to="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Document Period End Date</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityRegistrantName" xlink:to="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityRegistrantName_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Registrant Name</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityFileNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityFileNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity File Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber" xlink:to="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Tax Identification Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line One</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Address Line Two</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, City or Town</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, State or Province</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode" xlink:to="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_CityAreaCode" xlink:to="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_CityAreaCode_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">City Area Code</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_LocalPhoneNumber" xlink:to="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_LocalPhoneNumber_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Local Phone Number</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_WrittenCommunications" xlink:to="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_WrittenCommunications_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Written Communications</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_SolicitingMaterial" xlink:to="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_SolicitingMaterial_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Soliciting Material</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" />
    <link:labelArc xlink:type="arc" xlink:arcrole="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/arcrole/concept-label" xlink:from="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer" xlink:to="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" />
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/label">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:label xml:lang="en-US" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer_lbl" xlink:type="resource" xlink:role="http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/terseLabel">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</link:label>
    <link:loc xlink:href="https://xbrl.sec.gov/dei/2025/dei-2025.xsd#dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" xlink:type="locator" xlink:label="dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer" />
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</TEXT>
</DOCUMENT>
<DOCUMENT>
<TYPE>EX-101.PRE
<SEQUENCE>7
<FILENAME>nuvl-20251118_pre.xml
<DESCRIPTION>XBRL TAXONOMY EXTENSION PRESENTATION LINKBASE
<TEXT>
<XBRL>
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<DESCRIPTION>IDEA: XBRL DOCUMENT
<TEXT>
<html>
<head>
<title></title>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="include/report.css">
<script type="text/javascript" src="Show.js">/* Do Not Remove This Comment */</script><script type="text/javascript">
							function toggleNextSibling (e) {
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<span style="display: none;">v3.25.3</span><table class="report" border="0" cellspacing="2" id="id2">
<tr>
<th class="tl" colspan="1" rowspan="1"><div style="width: 200px;"><strong>Document and Entity Information<br></strong></div></th>
<th class="th"><div>Nov. 18, 2025</div></th>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CoverAbstract', window );"><strong>Cover [Abstract]</strong></a></td>
<td class="text">&#160;<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_AmendmentFlag', window );">Amendment Flag</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey', window );">Entity Central Index Key</a></td>
<td class="text">0001861560<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentType', window );">Document Type</a></td>
<td class="text">8-K<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate', window );">Document Period End Date</a></td>
<td class="text">Nov. 18,  2025<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName', window );">Entity Registrant Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NUVALENT, INC.<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode', window );">Entity Incorporation State Country Code</a></td>
<td class="text">DE<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityFileNumber', window );">Entity File Number</a></td>
<td class="text">001-40671<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber', window );">Entity Tax Identification Number</a></td>
<td class="text">81-5112298<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1', window );">Entity Address, Address Line One</a></td>
<td class="text">One Broadway<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2', window );">Entity Address, Address Line Two</a></td>
<td class="text">14th Floor<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown', window );">Entity Address, City or Town</a></td>
<td class="text">Cambridge<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince', window );">Entity Address, State or Province</a></td>
<td class="text">MA<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode', window );">Entity Address, Postal Zip Code</a></td>
<td class="text">02142<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_CityAreaCode', window );">City Area Code</a></td>
<td class="text">(857)<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber', window );">Local Phone Number</a></td>
<td class="text">357-7000<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_WrittenCommunications', window );">Written Communications</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial', window );">Soliciting Material</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer', window );">Pre Commencement Issuer Tender Offer</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_Security12bTitle', window );">Security 12b Title</a></td>
<td class="text">Class&#160;A Common Stock, $0.0001 par value per share<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_TradingSymbol', window );">Trading Symbol</a></td>
<td class="text">NUVL<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="re">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName', window );">Security Exchange Name</a></td>
<td class="text">NASDAQ<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
<tr class="ro">
<td class="pl" style="border-bottom: 0px;" valign="top"><a class="a" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.showAR( this, 'defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany', window );">Entity Emerging Growth Company</a></td>
<td class="text">false<span></span>
</td>
</tr>
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<div style="display: none;">
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<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the XBRL content amends previously-filed or accepted submission.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_AmendmentFlag</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CityAreaCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Area code of city</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CityAreaCode</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_CoverAbstract">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Cover page.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_CoverAbstract</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:stringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>For the EDGAR submission types of Form 8-K: the date of the report, the date of the earliest event reported; for the EDGAR submission types of Form N-1A: the filing date; for all other submission types: the end of the reporting or transition period. The format of the date is YYYY-MM-DD.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentPeriodEndDate</td>
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<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_DocumentType">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The type of document being provided (such as 10-K, 10-Q, 485BPOS, etc). The document type is limited to the same value as the supporting SEC submission type, or the word 'Other'.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_DocumentType</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:submissionTypeItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 1 such as Attn, Building Name, Street Name</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine1</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
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</div></td></tr>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Address Line 2 such as Street or Suite number</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressAddressLine2</td>
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<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
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<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
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<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
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<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
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<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the City or Town</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressCityOrTown</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Code for the postal or zip code</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressPostalZipCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the state or province.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityAddressStateOrProvince</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:stateOrProvinceItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityCentralIndexKey">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>A unique 10-digit SEC-issued value to identify entities that have filed disclosures with the SEC. It is commonly abbreviated as CIK.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityCentralIndexKey</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:centralIndexKeyItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Indicate if registrant meets the emerging growth company criteria.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityEmergingGrowthCompany</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityFileNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Commission file number. The field allows up to 17 characters. The prefix may contain 1-3 digits, the sequence number may contain 1-8 digits, the optional suffix may contain 1-4 characters, and the fields are separated with a hyphen.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityFileNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:fileNumberItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Two-character EDGAR code representing the state or country of incorporation.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityIncorporationStateCountryCode</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarStateCountryItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityRegistrantName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The exact name of the entity filing the report as specified in its charter, which is required by forms filed with the SEC.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityRegistrantName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>The Tax Identification Number (TIN), also known as an Employer Identification Number (EIN), is a unique 9-digit value assigned by the IRS.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b-2<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_EntityTaxIdentificationNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:employerIdItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_LocalPhoneNumber">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Local phone number for entity.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_LocalPhoneNumber</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:normalizedStringItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 13e-4(c) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 13e<br> -Subsection 4c<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementIssuerTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as pre-commencement communications pursuant to Rule 14d-2(b) under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14d<br> -Subsection 2b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_PreCommencementTenderOffer</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_Security12bTitle">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Title of a 12(b) registered security.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection b<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_Security12bTitle</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:securityTitleItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SecurityExchangeName">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Name of the Exchange on which a security is registered.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 12<br> -Subsection d1-1<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SecurityExchangeName</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:edgarExchangeCodeItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_SolicitingMaterial">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Boolean flag that is true when the Form 8-K filing is intended to satisfy the filing obligation of the registrant as soliciting material pursuant to Rule 14a-12 under the Exchange Act.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/presentationRef<br> -Publisher SEC<br> -Name Exchange Act<br> -Number 240<br> -Section 14a<br> -Subsection 12<br></p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_SolicitingMaterial</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>xbrli:booleanItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
</table>
<table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0" class="authRefData" style="display: none;" id="defref_dei_TradingSymbol">
<tr><td class="hide"><a style="color: white;" href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.hideAR();">X</a></td></tr>
<tr><td><div class="body" style="padding: 2px;">
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">- Definition</a><div><p>Trading symbol of an instrument as listed on an exchange.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ References</a><div style="display: none;"><p>No definition available.</p></div>
<a href="javascript:void(0);" onclick="Show.toggleNext( this );">+ Details</a><div style="display: none;"><table border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<tr>
<td><strong> Name:</strong></td>
<td style="white-space:nowrap;">dei_TradingSymbol</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="padding-right: 4px;white-space:nowrap;"><strong> Namespace Prefix:</strong></td>
<td>dei_</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Data Type:</strong></td>
<td>dei:tradingSymbolItemType</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Balance Type:</strong></td>
<td>na</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><strong> Period Type:</strong></td>
<td>duration</td>
</tr>
</table></div>
</div></td></tr>
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