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UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2019
or

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from to
Commission File No. 001-7784

CENTURYLINK, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

Louisiana | 72-0651161
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) | (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.)
100 CenturyLink Drive, |
Monroe, | Louisiana | 71203
(Address of principal executive offices) | (Zip Code)

(318) 388-9000
(Registrant's telephone number, including area code)

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant: (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (Section 232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ☒ No ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of "large accelerated filer," "accelerated filer", "smaller reporting company," and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

Large Accelerated Filer | ☒ | Accelerated Filer | ☐ | Non-accelerated Filer | ☐ | Smaller Reporting Company | ☐
|  |  |  |  |  | Emerging Growth Company | ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☒
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Title of each class | Trading Symbol | Name of each exchange on which registered
Common Stock, par value $1.00 per share | CTL | New York Stock Exchange

On October 31, 2019, there were 1,090,229,100 shares of common stock outstanding.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

| Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements | 3
Part I. | Financial Information |
Item 1. | Financial Statements |
| Consolidated Statements of Operations (Unaudited) | 6
| Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss) (Unaudited) | 7
| Consolidated Balance Sheets (Unaudited) | 8
| Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows (Unaudited) | 9
| Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity (Unaudited) | 10
| Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Unaudited)* | 11
Item 2. | Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 41
Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk | 66
Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 66
Part II. | Other Information |
Item 1. | Legal Proceedings | 67
Item 1A. | Risk Factors | 67
Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 68
Item 6. | Exhibits | 69
Signature | 70
* All references to "Notes" in this quarterly report refer to these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

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Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements
This report and other documents filed by us under the federal securities law include, and future oral or written statements or press releases by us and our management may include, forward-looking statements about our business, financial condition, operating results and prospects. These "forward-looking" statements are defined by, and are subject to the "safe harbor" protections under, the federal securities laws. These statements include, among others:

• | forecasts of our anticipated future results of operations, cash flows or financial position;

• | statements concerning the anticipated impact of our transactions, investments, product development and other initiatives, including synergies or costs associated with our transformational initiatives, acquisitions or dispositions, and the impact of our participation in government programs;

• | statements about our liquidity, profit margins, tax position, tax assets, tax rates, asset values, contingent liabilities, growth opportunities, growth rates, acquisition and divestiture opportunities, business prospects, regulatory and competitive outlook, market share, product capabilities, investment and expenditure plans, business strategies, dividend and securities repurchase plans, capital allocation plans, financing alternatives and sources, and pricing plans; and

• | other similar statements of our expectations, beliefs, future plans and strategies, anticipated developments and other matters that are not historical facts, many of which are highlighted by words such as “may,” “will,” “would,” “could,” “should,” “plan,” “believes,” “expects,” “anticipates,” “estimates,” “projects,” “intends,” “likely,” “seeks,” “hopes,” or variations or similar expressions with respect to the future.

These forward-looking statements are based upon our judgment and assumptions as of the date such statements are made concerning future developments and events, many of which are beyond our control. These forward-looking statements, and the assumptions upon which they are based, (i) are not guarantees of future results, (ii) are inherently speculative and (iii) are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Actual events and results may differ materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in those statements if one or more of these risks or uncertainties materialize, or if our underlying assumptions prove incorrect. All of our forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to our discussion of factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in those forward looking statements. Factors that could affect actual results include but are not limited to:

• | the effects of competition from a wide variety of competitive providers, including decreased demand for our more mature service offerings and increased pricing pressures;

• | the effects of new, emerging or competing technologies, including those that could make our products less desirable or obsolete;

• | our ability to attain our key operating imperatives, including simplifying and consolidating our network, simplifying and automating our service support systems, strengthening our relationships with customers and attaining projected cost savings;

• | our ability to safeguard our network, and to avoid the adverse impact on our business from possible security breaches, service outages, system failures, equipment breakage, or similar events impacting our network or the availability and quality of our services;

• | the effects of ongoing changes in the regulation of the communications industry, including the outcome of regulatory or judicial proceedings relating to intercarrier compensation, interconnection obligations, special access, universal service, broadband deployment, data protection and net neutrality;

• | our ability to effectively adjust to changes in the communications industry, and changes in the composition of our markets and product mix;

• | possible changes in the demand for our products and services, including our ability to effectively respond to increased demand for high-speed data transmission services;

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• | our ability to successfully maintain the quality and profitability of our existing product and service offerings and to introduce profitable new offerings on a timely and cost-effective basis;

• | our ability to generate cash flows sufficient to fund our financial commitments and objectives, including our capital expenditures, operating costs, debt repayments, dividends, pension contributions and other benefits payments;

• | our ability to implement our operating plans and corporate strategies, including our delevering strategies;

• | changes in our operating plans, corporate strategies, dividend payment plans or other capital allocation plans, whether based upon changes in our cash flows, cash requirements, financial performance, financial position, market conditions or otherwise;

• | our ability to effectively retain and hire key personnel and to successfully negotiate collective bargaining agreements on reasonable terms without work stoppages;

• | the negative impact of increases in the costs of our pension, health, post-employment or other benefits, including those caused by changes in markets, interest rates, mortality rates, demographics or regulations;

• | adverse changes in our access to credit markets on favorable terms, whether caused by changes in our financial position, lower debt credit ratings, unstable markets or otherwise;

• | our ability to meet the terms and conditions of our debt obligations, including our ability to make transfers of cash in compliance therewith;

• | our ability to maintain favorable relations with our key business partners, suppliers, vendors, landlords and financial institutions;

• | our ability to collect our receivables from financially troubled customers;

• | our ability to use our net operating loss carryforwards in the amounts projected;

• | any adverse developments in legal or regulatory proceedings involving us;

• | changes in tax, communications, pension, healthcare or other laws or regulations, in governmental support programs, or in general government funding levels;

• | the effects of changes in accounting policies, practices or assumptions, including changes that could potentially require additional future impairment charges;

• | the effects of adverse weather, terrorism or other natural or man-made disasters;

• | adverse effects of material weaknesses or any other significant deficiencies identified in our internal controls over financial reporting;

• | the effects of more general factors such as changes in interest rates, in exchange rates, in operating costs, in public policy, in the views of financial analysts, or in general market, labor, economic or geo-political conditions; and

• | other risks referenced in this report or other of our filings with the SEC.

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Additional factors or risks that we currently deem immaterial, that are not presently known to us or that arise in the future could also cause our actual results to differ materially from our expected results. Given these uncertainties, investors are cautioned not to unduly rely upon our forward-looking statements, which speak only as of the date made. We undertake no obligation to publicly update or revise any forward-looking statements for any reason, whether as a result of new information, future events or developments, changed circumstances, or otherwise. Furthermore, any information about our intentions contained in any of our forward-looking statements reflects our intentions as of the date of such forward-looking statement, and is based upon, among other things, existing regulatory, technological, industry, competitive, economic and market conditions, and our assumptions as of such date. We may change our intentions, strategies or plans (including our dividend or other capital allocation plans) at any time and without notice, based upon any changes in such factors, in our assumptions or otherwise.
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PART I—FINANCIAL INFORMATION
ITEM 1. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
CENTURYLINK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts and shares in thousands)
OPERATING REVENUE | $ | 5,606 |  |  | 5,818 |  |  | 16,831 |  |  | 17,665 |
OPERATING EXPENSES |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | 2,590 |  |  | 2,672 |  |  | 7,556 |  |  | 8,205 |
Selling, general and administrative | 831 |  |  | 967 |  |  | 2,723 |  |  | 3,191 |
Depreciation and amortization | 1,235 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | 3,619 |  |  | 3,858 |
Goodwill impairment | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,506 |  |  | — |
Total operating expenses | 4,656 |  |  | 4,924 |  |  | 20,404 |  |  | 15,254 |
OPERATING INCOME (LOSS) | 950 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (3,573 | ) |  | 2,411 |
OTHER (EXPENSE) INCOME |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest expense | (496 | ) |  | (557 | ) |  | (1,537 | ) |  | (1,638 | )
Other (loss) income, net | (44 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | (5 | ) |  | 29 |
Total other expense, net | (540 | ) |  | (565 | ) |  | (1,542 | ) |  | (1,609 | )
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 410 |  |  | 329 |  |  | (5,115 | ) |  | 802 |
Income tax expense | 108 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 123 |
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
BASIC AND DILUTED EARNINGS (LOSS) PER COMMON SHARE |  |  |  |  |  |  |
BASIC | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.64 |
DILUTED | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.63 |
WEIGHTED-AVERAGE COMMON SHARES OUTSTANDING |  |  |  |  |  |  |
BASIC | 1,072,543 |  |  | 1,066,904 |  |  | 1,070,921 |  |  | 1,065,410 |
DILUTED | 1,074,790 |  |  | 1,072,351 |  |  | 1,070,921 |  |  | 1,069,726 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CENTURYLINK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
NET INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE (LOSS) INCOME: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Items related to employee benefit plans: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Change in net actuarial loss, net of ($13), ($11), ($41) and ($33) tax | 41 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 126 |  |  | 101 |
Change in net prior service credit, net of ($1), $-, ($2) and ($2) tax | 2 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 7 |
Unrealized holding loss on interest rate swaps, net of $3 and $17 tax | (11 | ) |  | — |  |  | (54 | ) |  | — |
Foreign currency translation adjustment and other net of $22, ($1), $24 and $29 tax | (112 | ) |  | (1 | ) |  | (115 | ) |  | (161 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (80 | ) |  | 36 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (53 | )
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) | $ | 222 |  |  | 308 |  |  | (5,530 | ) |  | 626 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CENTURYLINK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| September 30, 2019 (Unaudited) |  | December 31, 2018
| (Dollars in millions and shares in thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
CURRENT ASSETS |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,404 |  |  | 488 |
Restricted cash | 3 |  |  | 4 |
Accounts receivable, less allowance of $143 and $142 | 2,290 |  |  | 2,398 |
Assets held for sale | 8 |  |  | 12 |
Other | 884 |  |  | 918 |
Total current assets | 4,589 |  |  | 3,820 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $28,760 and $26,859 | 25,874 |  |  | 26,408 |
GOODWILL AND OTHER ASSETS |  |  |
Goodwill | 21,507 |  |  | 28,031 |
Operating lease assets | 1,721 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash | 24 |  |  | 26 |
Customer relationships, net | 7,902 |  |  | 8,911 |
Other intangibles, net | 1,977 |  |  | 1,868 |
Other, net | 1,134 |  |  | 1,192 |
Total goodwill and other assets | 34,265 |  |  | 40,028 |
TOTAL ASSETS | $ | 64,728 |  |  | 70,256 |
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
CURRENT LIABILITIES |  |  |
Current maturities of long-term debt | $ | 1,744 |  |  | 652 |
Accounts payable | 1,712 |  |  | 1,933 |
Accrued expenses and other liabilities |  |  |
Salaries and benefits | 882 |  |  | 1,104 |
Income and other taxes | 388 |  |  | 337 |
Current operating lease liabilities | 419 |  |  | — |
Interest | 328 |  |  | 316 |
Other | 318 |  |  | 357 |
Current portion of deferred revenue | 798 |  |  | 832 |
Total current liabilities | 6,589 |  |  | 5,531 |
LONG-TERM DEBT | 33,381 |  |  | 35,409 |
DEFERRED CREDITS AND OTHER LIABILITIES |  |  |
Deferred income taxes, net | 2,910 |  |  | 2,527 |
Benefit plan obligations, net | 4,140 |  |  | 4,319 |
Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 1,351 |  |  | — |
Other | 2,683 |  |  | 2,642 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 11,084 |  |  | 9,488 |
COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES (Note 12) |  |  |
STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY |  |  |
Preferred stock—non-redeemable, $25.00 par value, authorized 2,000 and 2,000 shares, issued and outstanding 7 and 7 shares | — |  |  | — |
Common stock, $1.00 par value, authorized 2,200,000 and 1,600,000 shares, issued and outstanding 1,090,326 and 1,080,167 shares | 1,090 |  |  | 1,080 |
Additional paid-in capital | 22,101 |  |  | 22,852 |
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | (2,499 | ) |  | (2,461 | )
Accumulated deficit | (7,018 | ) |  | (1,643 | )
Total stockholders' equity | 13,674 |  |  | 19,828 |
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 64,728 |  |  | 70,256 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CENTURYLINK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(UNAUDITED)

| Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
OPERATING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net (loss) income | $ | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Adjustments to reconcile net (loss) income to net cash provided by operating activities: |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 3,619 |  |  | 3,858 |
Impairment of goodwill and other assets | 6,516 |  |  | 46 |
Deferred income taxes | 350 |  |  | 486 |
Provision for uncollectible accounts | 116 |  |  | 119 |
Net (gain) loss on early retirement of debt | (70 | ) |  | 30 |
Share-based compensation | 114 |  |  | 144 |
Changes in current assets and liabilities: |  |  |
Accounts receivable | (7 | ) |  | (8 | )
Accounts payable | (265 | ) |  | (151 | )
Accrued income and other taxes | 131 |  |  | 217 |
Other current assets and liabilities, net | (323 | ) |  | (42 | )
Retirement benefits | (24 | ) |  | (639 | )
Changes in other noncurrent assets and liabilities, net | 72 |  |  | 324 |
Other, net | 34 |  |  | (27 | )
Net cash provided by operating activities | 4,771 |  |  | 5,036 |
INVESTING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Capital expenditures | (2,688 | ) |  | (2,260 | )
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment and other assets | 54 |  |  | 125 |
Other, net | (37 | ) |  | (61 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,671 | ) |  | (2,196 | )
FINANCING ACTIVITIES |  |  |
Net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt | 988 |  |  | 130 |
Payments of long-term debt | (1,459 | ) |  | (1,539 | )
Net proceeds on revolving line of credit | 150 |  |  | 185 |
Dividends paid | (829 | ) |  | (1,735 | )
Other, net | (37 | ) |  | (48 | )
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,187 | ) |  | (3,007 | )
Net increase (decrease) in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash | 913 |  |  | (167 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period | 518 |  |  | 587 |
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period | $ | 1,431 |  |  | 420 |
Supplemental cash flow information: |  |  |
Income taxes refunded, net | $ | 54 |  |  | 674 |
Interest paid (net of capitalized interest of $50 and $42) | $ | (1,506 | ) |  | (1,571 | )
Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,404 |  |  | 390 |
Restricted cash - current | 3 |  |  | 3 |
Restricted cash - noncurrent | 24 |  |  | 27 |
Total | $ | 1,431 |  |  | 420 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CENTURYLINK, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY
(UNAUDITED)

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions except per share amounts)
COMMON STOCK |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | $ | 1,090 |  |  | 1,079 |  |  | 1,080 |  |  | 1,069 |
Issuance of common stock through dividend reinvestment, incentive and benefit plans | — |  |  | 2 |  |  | 10 |  |  | 12 |
Balance at end of period | 1,090 |  |  | 1,081 |  |  | 1,090 |  |  | 1,081 |
ADDITIONAL PAID-IN CAPITAL |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | 22,342 |  |  | 23,360 |  |  | 22,852 |  |  | 23,314 |
Change in common stock through dividend reinvestment, incentive and benefit plans | (1 | ) |  | 7 |  |  | (15 | ) |  | (2 | )
Shares withheld to satisfy tax withholdings | (6 | ) |  | (15 | ) |  | (35 | ) |  | (50 | )
Share-based compensation and other, net | 38 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 115 |  |  | 137 |
Dividends declared | (272 | ) |  | — |  |  | (816 | ) |  | — |
Balance at end of period | 22,101 |  |  | 23,399 |  |  | 22,101 |  |  | 23,399 |
ACCUMULATED OTHER COMPREHENSIVE LOSS |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (2,419 | ) |  | (2,491 | ) |  | (2,461 | ) |  | (1,995 | )
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (407 | )
Other comprehensive (loss) income | (80 | ) |  | 36 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (53 | )
Balance at end of period | (2,499 | ) |  | (2,455 | ) |  | (2,499 | ) |  | (2,455 | )
RETAINED EARNINGS (ACCUMULATED DEFICIT) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Balance at beginning of period | (7,321 | ) |  | 1,040 |  |  | (1,643 | ) |  | 1,103 |
Net income (loss) | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2016-02, Leases, net of $37 tax | — |  |  | — |  |  | 115 |  |  | — |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 407 |
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2014-09, Revenue from Contracts with Customers, net of ($17) and ($117) tax | — |  |  | 49 |  |  | — |  |  | 346 |
Dividends declared | 1 |  |  | (584 | ) |  | 2 |  |  | (1,758 | )
Balance at end of period | (7,018 | ) |  | 777 |  |  | (7,018 | ) |  | 777 |
TOTAL STOCKHOLDERS' EQUITY | $ | 13,674 |  |  | 22,802 |  |  | 13,674 |  |  | 22,802 |
DIVIDENDS DECLARED PER COMMON SHARE | $ | 0.25 |  |  | 0.54 |  |  | 0.75 |  |  | 1.62 |

See accompanying notes to consolidated financial statements.
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CENTURYLINK, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
(UNAUDITED)
References in the Notes to "CenturyLink," "we," "us" and "our" refer to CenturyLink, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, unless the context otherwise requires and except in Note 5—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities, where such references refer solely to CenturyLink, Inc. References in the Notes to "Level 3" refer to Level 3 Communications, Inc. prior to our acquisition thereof and to its successor-in-interest Level 3 Parent, LLC after such acquisition, unless the context otherwise requires.
(1) Background
General
We are an international facilities-based communications company engaged primarily in providing a broad array of integrated services to our residential and business customers. Our specific products and services are detailed in Note 11—Segment Information
Basis of Presentation
Our consolidated balance sheet as of December 31, 2018, which was derived from our audited consolidated financial statements, and our unaudited interim consolidated financial statements provided herein have been prepared in accordance with the instructions for Form 10-Q. Certain information and footnote disclosures normally included in financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America ("GAAP") have been condensed or omitted pursuant to rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission ("SEC"). However, in our opinion, the disclosures made therein are adequate to make the information presented not misleading. We believe that these consolidated financial statements include all normal recurring adjustments necessary to fairly present the results for the interim periods. The consolidated results of operations and cash flows for the first nine months of the year are not necessarily indicative of the consolidated results of operations and cash flows that might be expected for the entire year. These consolidated financial statements and the accompanying notes should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and the notes thereto included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
The accompanying consolidated financial statements include our accounts and the accounts of our subsidiaries in which we have a controlling interest. Intercompany amounts and transactions with our consolidated subsidiaries have been eliminated.
To simplify the overall presentation of our consolidated financial statements, we report immaterial amounts attributable to noncontrolling interests in certain of our subsidiaries as follows: (i) income attributable to noncontrolling interests in other income, net, (ii) equity attributable to noncontrolling interests in additional paid-in capital and (iii) cash flows attributable to noncontrolling interests in other, net, under financing activities.
We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation, including the categorization of our revenue and expenses in our segment reporting. See Note 11—Segment Information for additional information. These changes had no impact on total operating revenue, total operating expenses or net income (loss) for any period.
Included in accounts payable at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, were $2 million and $86 million, respectively, representing book overdrafts.
Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
The significant accounting policy below is in addition to the significant accounting policies described in Note 1 — Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies to the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in Part II Item 8 of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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Derivatives and Hedging
We may use derivative instruments to hedge exposure to interest rate risks arising from fluctuation in interest rates. We account for derivative instruments in accordance with Accounting Standards Codification ("ASC") 815, Derivatives and Hedging, which establishes accounting and reporting standards for derivative instruments. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
Derivatives are recognized in the consolidated balance sheets at their fair values. When we become a party to a derivative instrument and intend to apply hedge accounting, we formally document the hedge relationship and the risk management objective for undertaking the hedge which includes designating the instrument for financial reporting purposes as a fair value hedge, a cash flow hedge, or a net investment hedge.
We entered into five variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements during the first quarter 2019 and six variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements during the second quarter 2019, which we designated as cash-flow hedges. We evaluate the effectiveness of these hedges qualitatively on a quarterly basis. The change in the fair value of the interest rate swaps is reflected in Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) (“AOCI”) and is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period the hedged transaction affects earnings, due to the fact that the interest rate swaps qualify as effective cash flow hedges. For more information see Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments.
Recently Adopted Accounting Pronouncements
We adopted Accounting Standards Update ("ASU") 2016-02, "Leases (ASC 842)", as of January 1, 2019, using the non-comparative transition option pursuant to ASU 2018-11. Therefore, we have not restated comparative period financial information for the effects of ASC 842, and we will not make the new required lease disclosures for comparative periods beginning before January 1, 2019. Instead, we recognized ASC 842's cumulative effect transition adjustment (discussed below) as of January 1, 2019. In addition, we elected the package of practical expedients permitted under the transition guidance within the new standard, which among other things (i) allowed us to carry forward the historical lease classification; (ii) did not require us to reassess whether any expired or existing contracts are or contain leases under the new definition of a lease; and (iii) did not require us to reassess whether previously capitalized initial direct costs for any existing leases would qualify for capitalization under ASC 842. We also elected the practical expedient related to land easements, allowing us to carry forward our accounting treatment for land easements on existing agreements. We did not elect the hindsight practical expedient regarding the likelihood of exercising a lessee purchase option or assessing any impairment of right-of-use assets for existing leases.
On March 5, 2019, the Financial Accounting Standards Board ("FASB") issued ASU 2019-01, "Leases (ASC 842): Codification Improvements", effective for public companies for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2019. The new ASU aligns the guidance in ASC 842 for determining fair value of the underlying asset by lessors that are not manufacturers or dealers, with that of existing guidance. As a result, the fair value of the underlying asset at lease commencement is its cost, reflecting any volume or trade discounts that may apply. However, if there has been a significant lapse of time between when the underlying asset is acquired and when the lease commences, the definition of fair value (in ASC 820, "Fair Value Measurement") should be applied. More importantly, the ASU also exempts both lessees and lessors from having to provide certain interim disclosures in the fiscal year in which a company adopts the new leases standard. Early adoption permits public companies to adopt concurrent with the transition to ASC 842 on leases. We adopted ASU 2019-01 as of January 1, 2019.
Adoption of the new standards resulted in the recording of operating lease assets and operating lease liabilities of approximately $2.1 billion and $2.2 billion, respectively, as of January 1, 2019. The difference is driven principally by the netting of our existing real estate restructure reserve against the corresponding operating lease right of use asset. In addition, we recorded a $115 million cumulative adjustment (net of tax) to accumulated deficit as of January 1, 2019, for the impact of the new accounting standards. The adjustment to accumulated deficit was driven by the derecognition of our prior failed sale leaseback transaction discussed in our prior periodic reports. Our financial position for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 is presented under the new guidance, as discussed above, while prior period amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance. The standards did not materially impact our consolidated net earnings or our cash flows in the nine months ended September 30, 2019.
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Effective January 1, 2019, we adopted ASU 2017-12, "Targeted Improvements to Accounting for Hedging Activities". ASU 2017-12 amends current guidance on accounting for hedges mainly to align more closely an entity’s risk management activities and financial reporting relationships through changes to both the designation and measurement guidance for qualifying hedging relationships and the presentation of hedge results. In addition, amendments in ASU 2017-12 simplify the application of hedge accounting by allowing more time to prepare hedge documentation and perform effectiveness assessments on a qualitative basis after hedges are implemented. The adoption of this standard will be applied prospectively and did not have an impact on us. See Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional disclosure regarding our hedging arrangements.
Recently Issued Accounting Pronouncements
Financial Instruments
In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU 2016-13, "Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments". The primary impact of ASU 2016-13 for us is a change in the model for the recognition of credit losses related to our financial instruments from an incurred loss model, which recognized credit losses only if it was probable that a loss had been incurred, to an expected loss model, which requires our management team to estimate the total credit losses expected on the portfolio of financial instruments. We are evaluating the potential impact ASU 2016-13 will have on our financial assets measured at amortized cost including, but not limited to, customer receivables and contract asset balances.
Over the fourth quarter we will complete our evaluation of the impact to our accounting and internal controls over financial reporting as a result of ASU 2016-13. We expect to adopt ASU 2016-13 on January 1, 2020 and recognize the impacts through a cumulative adjustment to accumulated deficit as of the date of adoption.
(2) Goodwill, Customer Relationships and Other Intangible Assets
Goodwill, customer relationships and other intangible assets consisted of the following:

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Goodwill | $ | 21,507 |  |  | 28,031 |
Customer relationships, less accumulated amortization of $9,481 and $8,492 | $ | 7,902 |  |  | 8,911 |
Indefinite-life intangible assets | $ | 269 |  |  | 269 |
Other intangible assets subject to amortization: |  |  |
Capitalized software, less accumulated amortization of $2,858 and $2,616 | $ | 1,599 |  |  | 1,468 |
Trade names and patents, less accumulated amortization of $83 and $61 | 109 |  |  | 131 |
Total other intangible assets, net | $ | 1,977 |  |  | 1,868 |

Our goodwill was derived from numerous acquisitions where the purchase price exceeded the fair value of the net assets acquired.
We are required to perform impairment tests related to our goodwill annually, which we perform as of October 31, or sooner if an indicator of impairment occurs. Both our January 2019 internal reorganization and the decline in our stock price triggered impairment testing in the first quarter of 2019. Consequently, we evaluated our goodwill for the internal reorganization in January 2019 and again as of March 31, 2019, which led to the first quarter 2019 impairment charges described below. In our judgment, there were no additional triggering events during the second or third quarter of 2019.
Our reporting units are not discrete legal entities with discrete full financial statements. Our assets and liabilities are employed in and relate to the operations of multiple reporting units. For each reporting unit, we compare its estimated fair value of equity to its carrying value of equity that we assign to the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is greater than the carrying value, we conclude that no impairment exists. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we record an impairment equal to the difference.
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When we performed our October 31, 2018 annual impairment test, we estimated the fair value of our reporting units by considering both a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach method includes the use of multiples of publicly traded companies whose services are comparable to ours. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value equal to the present value of all normalized cash flows after the projection period. Because our low stock price was a key trigger for impairment testing in early 2019, we estimated the fair value of our operations using only the market approach in the quarter ended March 31, 2019. Applying this approach, we utilized company comparisons and analyst reports within the telecommunications industry which have historically supported a range of fair values derived from annualized revenue and EBITDA (earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization) multiples between 2.1x and 4.9x and 4.9x and 9.8x, respectively. We selected a revenue and EBITDA multiple for each of our reporting units within this range. We reconciled the estimated fair values of the reporting units to our market capitalization as of the date of each of our triggering events during the first quarter of 2019 and concluded that the indicated control premium of approximately 4.5% and 4.1% was reasonable based on recent transactions in the market place. In the quarter ended March 31, 2019, based on our assessments performed with respect to the reporting units as described above, we concluded that the estimated fair value of certain of our reporting units was less than our carrying value of equity as of the date of each of our triggering events during the first quarter. As a result, we recorded non-cash, non-tax-deductible goodwill impairment charges aggregating to $6.5 billion in the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
The market multiples approach that we used in the quarter ended March 31, 2019 incorporated significant estimates and assumptions related to the forecasted results for the remainder of the year, including revenues, expenses, and the achievement of other cost synergies. In developing the market multiple, we also considered observed trends of our industry participants. Our failure to attain these forecasted results or changes in trends could result in future impairments. Our assessment included many qualitative factors that required significant judgment. Alternative interpretations of these factors could have resulted in different conclusions regarding the size of our impairments. Continued declines in our profitability or cash flows or continued sustained low trading prices of our common stock may result in further impairment.
Amortization expense for intangible assets for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $438 million and $446 million, respectively, and for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 totaled $1.3 billion and $1.3 billion, respectively. As of September 30, 2019, the gross carrying amount of goodwill, customer relationships, indefinite-life and other intangible assets was $43.8 billion.
We estimate that total amortization expense for intangible assets for the years ending December 31, 2019 through 2023 will be as follows:

| (Dollars in millions)
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 427 |
2020 | 1,647 |
2021 | 1,212 |
2022 | 983 |
2023 | 898 |

In January 2019, Jeff Storey, our Chief Operating Decision Maker ("CODM"), announced a new organization structure and began managing our operations in the following five segments: international and global accounts management, enterprise, small and medium business, wholesale and consumer. As a result of this decision, we reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
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The following table shows the rollforward of goodwill assigned to our reportable segments from December 31, 2018 through September 30, 2019:

| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
As of December 31, 2018 | $ | 3,595 |  | 5,222 |  | 5,193 |  | 6,437 |  | 7,584 |  | 28,031 |
January 2019 reorganization | — |  | 987 |  | (1,038 | ) | 395 |  | (344 | ) | — |
Effect of foreign currency rate change and other | (18 | ) | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (18 | )
Impairments | (934 | ) | (1,471 | ) | (896 | ) | (3,019 | ) | (186 | ) | (6,506 | )
As of September 30, 2019 | $ | 2,643 |  | 4,738 |  | 3,259 |  | 3,813 |  | 7,054 |  | 21,507 |

(3) Revenue Recognition
Refer to the Revenue Recognition section of Note 1—Background and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies and Note 5—Revenue Recognition in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for further information regarding our application of ASC 606, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers”, including practical expedients and judgments applied in determining the amounts and timing of revenue from contracts with customers.
Reconciliation of Total Revenue to Revenue from Contracts with Customers
The following table provides the amount of revenue that is not subject to ASC 606, but is instead governed by other accounting standards:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Total revenue | $ | 5,606 |  |  | 5,818 |  |  | 16,831 |  |  | 17,665 |
Adjustments for non-ASC 606 revenue (1) | (355 | ) |  | (312 | ) |  | (1,069 | ) |  | (947 | )
Total revenue from contracts with customers | $ | 5,251 |  |  | 5,506 |  |  | 15,762 |  |  | 16,718 |

______________________________________________________________________
(1) Includes regulatory revenue, lease revenue, sublease rental income, revenue from fiber capacity lease arrangements and failed sale leaseback income, none of which are within the scope of ASC 606.
Customer Receivables and Contract Balances
The following table provides balances of customer receivables, contract assets and contract liabilities as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Customer receivables(1) | $ | 2,224 |  |  | 2,346 |
Contract assets | 145 |  |  | 140 |
Contract liabilities | 987 |  |  | 860 |

(1) Gross customer receivables of $2.4 billion and $2.5 billion, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $133 million and $132 million, at September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.
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Contract liabilities consist of consideration we have received from our customers or billed in advance of providing goods or services promised in the future. We defer recognizing this consideration as revenue until we have satisfied the related performance obligation to the customer. Contract liabilities include recurring services billed one month in advance and installation and maintenance charges that are deferred and recognized over the actual or expected contract term, which ranges from one to seven years depending on the service. Contract liabilities are included within deferred revenue in our consolidated balance sheets.
The following table provides information about revenue recognized for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenue recognized in the period from: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Amounts included in contract liability at the beginning of the period (January 1, 2019 and 2018, respectively) | $ | 47 |  |  | 56 |  |  | 581 |  |  | 629 |
Performance obligations satisfied in previous periods | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |

Performance Obligations
As of September 30, 2019, our estimated revenue expected to be recognized in the future related to performance obligations associated with customer contracts that are partially or wholly unsatisfied is approximately $7.3 billion. We expect to recognize approximately 75% of this revenue through 2021, with the balance recognized thereafter.
We do not disclose the value of unsatisfied performance obligations for contracts for which we recognize revenue at the amount to which we have the right to invoice for services performed (for example, uncommitted usage or non-recurring charges associated with professional or technical services to be completed), or contracts that are classified as leasing arrangements that are not subject to ASC 606.
Contract Costs
The following table provides changes in our contract acquisition costs and fulfillment costs:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  | Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Acquisition Costs |  | Fulfillment Costs |  | Acquisition Costs |  | Fulfillment Costs
| (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance | $ | 321 |  |  | 207 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 161 |
Costs incurred | 48 |  |  | 41 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 46 |
Amortization | (50 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | (44 | ) |  | (34 | )
End of period balance | $ | 319 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 173 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| Acquisition Costs |  | Fulfillment Costs |  | Acquisition Costs |  | Fulfillment Costs
| (Dollars in millions)
Beginning of period balance | $ | 322 |  |  | 187 |  |  | 268 |  |  | 133 |
Costs incurred | 148 |  |  | 119 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 104 |
Amortization | (151 | ) |  | (90 | ) |  | (124 | ) |  | (64 | )
End of period balance | $ | 319 |  |  | 216 |  |  | 296 |  |  | 173 |

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Acquisition costs include commission fees paid to employees as a result of obtaining contracts. Fulfillment costs include third party and internal costs associated with the provision, installation and activation of communications services to customers, including labor and materials consumed for these activities.
Deferred acquisition and fulfillment costs are amortized based on the transfer of services on a straight-line basis over the average customer life of 30 months for consumer customers and an expected contract term between 12 and 60 months for business customers. Amortized fulfillment costs are included in cost of services and products and amortized acquisition costs are included in selling, general and administrative expenses in our consolidated statements of operations. The amount of these deferred costs that are anticipated to be amortized in the next twelve months are included in other current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. The amount of deferred costs expected to be amortized beyond the next twelve months is included in other non-current assets on our consolidated balance sheets. Deferred acquisition and fulfillment costs are assessed for impairment on an annual basis.
(4) Leases
Our financial position for reporting periods beginning on or after January 1, 2019 is presented under the new accounting guidance, while prior periods amounts are not adjusted and continue to be reported in accordance with previous guidance, as discussed in Note 1— Background.
We primarily lease various office facilities, switching and colocation facilities, equipment and dark fiber. Leases with an initial term of 12 months or less are not recorded on the balance sheet; we recognize lease expense for these leases on a straight-line basis over the lease term.
We determine if an arrangement is a lease at inception and whether that lease meets the classification criteria of a finance or operating lease. Lease-related assets, or right-of-use assets, are recognized at the lease commencement date at amounts equal to the respective lease liabilities. Lease-related liabilities are recognized at the present value of the remaining contractual fixed lease payments, discounted using our incremental borrowing rates. As part of the present value calculation for the lease liabilities, we use an incremental borrowing rate as the rates implicit in the leases are not readily determinable. The incremental borrowing rates used for lease accounting are based on our unsecured rates, adjusted to approximate the rates at which we could borrow on a collateralized basis over a term similar to the recognized lease term. We apply the incremental borrowing rates to lease components using a portfolio approach based upon the length of the lease term and the reporting entity in which the lease resides. Operating lease expense is recognized on a straight-line basis over the lease term, while variable lease payments are expensed as incurred.
Some of our lease arrangements contain lease components (including fixed payments, such as, rent, real estate taxes and insurance costs) and non-lease components (including common-area maintenance costs). We generally account for each component separately based on the estimated standalone price of each component. For colocation leases, we account for the lease and non-lease components as a single lease component.
Many of our lease agreements contain renewal options; however, we do not recognize right-of-use assets or lease liabilities for renewal periods unless it is determined that we are reasonably certain of renewing the lease at inception or when a triggering event occurs. Certain leases also include options to purchase the leased property. The depreciable life of assets and leasehold improvements are limited by the expected lease term, unless there is a transfer of title or purchase option reasonably certain to be exercised. Our lease agreements do not contain any material residual value guarantees or material restrictive covenants.
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Lease expense consisted of the following:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  | Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Operating and short-term lease cost | $ | 157 |  |  | 492 |
Finance lease cost: |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 11 |  |  | 34 |
Interest on lease liability | 2 |  |  | 9 |
Total finance lease cost | 13 |  |  | 43 |
Total lease cost | $ | 170 |  |  | 535 |

Supplemental unaudited consolidated balance sheet information and other information related to leases:

|  | September 30,
Leases (Dollars in millions) | Classification on the Balance Sheet | 2019
Assets |  |
Operating lease assets | Operating lease assets | $ | 1,721 |
Finance lease assets | Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation | 253 |
Total leased assets | $ | 1,974 |
Liabilities |  |
Current |  |
Operating | Current operating lease liabilities | $ | 419 |
Finance | Current portion of long-term debt | 30 |
Noncurrent |  |
Operating | Noncurrent operating lease liabilities | 1,351 |
Finance | Long-term debt | 182 |
Total lease liabilities | $ | 1,982 |
Weighted-average remaining lease term (years) |
Operating leases | 9.5 |
Finance leases | 11.2 |
Weighted-average discount rate |  |
Operating leases | 6.78 | %
Finance leases | 5.49 | %

Supplemental unaudited consolidated cash flow statement information related to leases:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| (Dollars in millions)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 508 |
Operating cash flows from finance leases | 11 |
Financing cash flows from finance leases | 24 |

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As of September 30, 2019, maturities of lease liabilities were as follows:

| Operating Leases |  | Finance Leases
| (Dollars in millions)
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 136 |  |  | 11 |
2020 | 453 |  |  | 36 |
2021 | 355 |  |  | 25 |
2022 | 305 |  |  | 23 |
2023 | 262 |  |  | 20 |
Thereafter | 1,004 |  |  | 179 |
Total lease payments | 2,515 |  |  | 294 |
Less: interest | (745 | ) |  | (82 | )
Total | $ | 1,770 |  |  | 212 |
Less: current portion | (419 | ) |  | (30 | )
Long-term portion | $ | 1,351 |  |  | 182 |

As of September 30, 2019, we had no material operating or finance leases that had not yet commenced.
Operating Lease Income
CenturyLink leases various IRUs, office facilities, switching facilities and other network sites to third parties under operating leases. Lease and sublease income are included in operating revenue in the consolidated statements of operations.
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our gross rental income was $202 million and $606 million, respectively, which represents 4% and 4%, respectively, of our operating revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, our gross rental income was $221 million and $693 million, respectively, which represents 4% and 4%, respectively, of our operating revenue for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018.
Disclosures under ASC 840
We adopted ASU 2016-02 on January 1, 2019 as noted above, and as required, the following disclosure is provided for periods prior to adoption.
The future annual minimum payments under capital lease agreements as of December 31, 2018 were as follows:

| Capital Lease Obligations
| (Dollars in millions)
2019 | $ | 51 |
2020 | 36 |
2021 | 23 |
2022 | 21 |
2023 | 20 |
2024 and thereafter | 183 |
Total minimum payments | 334 |
Less: amount representing interest and executory costs | (100 | )
Present value of minimum payments | 234 |
Less: current portion | (38 | )
Long-term portion | $ | 196 |

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At December 31, 2018, our future rental commitments for operating leases were as follows:

| Operating Leases
| (Dollars in millions)
2019 | $ | 675 |
2020 | 443 |
2021 | 355 |
2022 | 279 |
2023 | 241 |
2024 and thereafter | 969 |
Total future minimum payments (1) | $ | 2,962 |

_______________________________________________________________________________

(1) | Minimum payments have not been reduced by minimum sublease rentals of $101 million due in the future under non-cancelable subleases.

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(5) Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities
The following chart reflects the consolidated long-term debt of CenturyLink, Inc. and its subsidiaries, including unamortized discounts and premiums and unamortized debt issuance costs, but excluding intercompany debt:

| Interest Rates(1) |  | Maturities |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
|  |  |  |  | (Dollars in millions)
Senior Secured Debt: (2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CenturyLink, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2017 Revolving Credit Facility | 4.786% |  | 2022 |  | $ | 700 |  |  | 550 |
Term Loan A (3) | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | 2022 |  | 1,558 |  |  | 1,622 |
Term Loan A-1 (3) | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | 2022 |  | 338 |  |  | 351 |
Term Loan B (3) | LIBOR + 2.75% |  | 2025 |  | 5,895 |  |  | 5,940 |
Subsidiaries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 Financing, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Tranche B 2024 Term Loan (4) | LIBOR + 2.25% |  | 2024 |  | 4,611 |  |  | 4,611 |
Embarq Corporation subsidiaries |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First mortgage bonds | 7.125% - 8.375% |  | 2023 - 2025 |  | 138 |  |  | 138 |
Senior Notes and Other Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
CenturyLink, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 5.625% - 7.650% |  | 2019 - 2042 |  | 7,446 |  |  | 8,036 |
Subsidiaries: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Level 3 Financing, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 4.625% - 6.125% |  | 2021 - 2027 |  | 5,915 |  |  | 5,315 |
Level 3 Parent, LLC |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 5.750% |  | 2022 |  | 600 |  |  | 600 |
Qwest Corporation |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 6.125% - 7.750% |  | 2021 - 2057 |  | 5,956 |  |  | 5,956 |
Term loan | 4.050% |  | 2025 |  | 100 |  |  | 100 |
Qwest Capital Funding, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior notes | 6.875% - 7.750% |  | 2021 - 2031 |  | 352 |  |  | 697 |
Embarq Corporation and subsidiary |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Senior note | 7.995% |  | 2036 |  | 1,450 |  |  | 1,485 |
Other | 9.000% |  | 2019 |  | 148 |  |  | 150 |
Finance lease and other obligations | Various |  | Various |  | 214 |  |  | 801 |
Unamortized discounts and other, net |  |  |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (8 | )
Unamortized debt issuance costs |  |  |  |  | (266 | ) |  | (283 | )
Total long-term debt |  |  |  |  | 35,125 |  |  | 36,061 |
Less current maturities |  |  |  |  | (1,744 | ) |  | (652 | )
Long-term debt, excluding current maturities |  |  |  |  | $ | 33,381 |  |  | 35,409 |

______________________________________________________________________

(1) | As of September 30, 2019.

(2) | For information on certain parent or subsidiary guarantees and liens securing this debt, see "Other" below.

(3) | Term Loans A, A-1 and B had interest rates of 4.794% and 5.272% as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018, respectively.

(4) | The Tranche B 2024 Term Loan had an interest rate of 4.294% as of September 30, 2019 and 4.754% as of December 31, 2018, respectively.

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Long-Term Debt Maturities
Set forth below is the aggregate principal amount of our long-term debt (excluding unamortized discounts, net and unamortized debt issuance costs) maturing during the following years as of September 30, 2019:

| (Dollars in millions)
2019 (remaining three months) | $ | 640 |
2020 | 1,190 |
2021 | 2,478 |
2022 | 5,250 |
2023 | 2,095 |
2024 and thereafter | 23,768 |
Total long-term debt | $ | 35,421 |

Repayments
During the nine months ended September 30, 2019, CenturyLink and its affiliates repurchased approximately $1.1 billion of their respective debt securities, which primarily included approximately $400 million of Level 3 Financing, Inc. senior notes, $345 million of Qwest Capital Funding senior notes, $340 million of CenturyLink, Inc. senior notes, which resulted in a gain of $70 million. Additionally, during the period CenturyLink paid $249 million of its maturing senior notes and $122 million of amortization payments under its term loans.
New Issuance
On September 25, 2019, Level 3 Financing, Inc. issued $1.0 billion of 4.625% Senior Notes due 2027. The proceeds from the offering together with cash on hand will be used for general corporate purposes, including, without limitation, to redeem all $240 million outstanding principal amount of Level 3 Financing, Inc.'s 6.125% Senior Notes due 2021, all $600 million outstanding principal amount of Level 3 Parent, LLC's 5.75% Senior Notes due 2022 and $160 million of Level 3 Financing, Inc.'s $1 billion in outstanding principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2022 during the fourth quarter of 2019. See "Subsequent Event" below.
Covenants
Certain of our debt instruments contain affirmative and negative covenants. Debt at CenturyLink, Inc., Level 3 Parent, LLC, and Level 3 Financing, Inc. contain more extensive covenants including, among other things and subject to certain exceptions, restrictions on their ability to declare or pay dividends, repay certain other indebtedness, create liens, incur additional indebtedness, make investments, engage in transactions with their affiliates, dispose of assets and merge or consolidate with any other person. Also, CenturyLink, Inc. and certain of its affiliates will be required to offer to purchase certain of their respective outstanding debt under certain circumstances in connection with certain specified "change of control" transactions.
Certain of our debt instruments contain cross acceleration provisions.
Compliance
As of September 30, 2019, CenturyLink, Inc. believes it and its subsidiaries were in compliance with the provisions and financial covenants in their respective material debt agreements in all material respects.
Other
In February 2019, we entered into five variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest payments on $2.5 billion notional amount of floating rate debt. See Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments.
In June 2019, we entered into six variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest payments on $1.5 billion notional amount of floating rate debt. See Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments.
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For additional information on our long-term debt and credit facilities, see Note 6—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Subsequent Event
On October 15, 2019, we repaid the $148 million outstanding principal amount of Centel Capital Corporation 9.000% notes at maturity. On October 25, 2019 we redeemed all $240 million outstanding principal amount of Level 3 Financing, Inc.'s remaining 6.125% Senior Notes due 2021 and $160 million of Level 3 Financings, Inc.'s $1 billion in outstanding principal amount of 5.375% Senior Notes due 2022. On October 17, 2019 we issued a notice of redemption on all $600 million outstanding principal amount of Level 3 Parent, LLC's 5.75% Senior Notes due 2022 on December 1, 2019.
(6) Severance and Leased Real Estate
Periodically, we reduce our workforce and accrue liabilities for the related severance costs. These workforce reductions result primarily from the progression or completion of our post-acquisition integration plans, increased competitive pressures, cost reduction initiatives, process improvements through automation and reduced workload demands due to the loss of customers purchasing certain services.
Under prior GAAP, we had previously recognized liabilities to reflect our estimates of the fair values of the existing lease obligations for real estate which we have ceased using, net of estimated sublease rentals. In accordance with transitional guidance under the new lease standard (ASC 842), the existing lease obligation of $110 million as of January 1, 2019 has been netted against the operating lease right of use assets at adoption. For additional information, see Note 4—Leases to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.
Changes in our accrued liabilities for severance expenses were as follows:

| Severance
| (Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | 87 |
Accrued to expense | 10 |
Payments, net | (71 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | 26 |

(7) Employee Benefits
Net periodic benefit expense (income) for our combined pension plan includes the following components:

| Combined Pension Plan
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Service cost | $ | 14 |  |  | 17 |  |  | 42 |  |  | 50 |
Interest cost | 109 |  |  | 99 |  |  | 326 |  |  | 295 |
Expected return on plan assets | (155 | ) |  | (171 | ) |  | (464 | ) |  | (513 | )
Recognition of prior service credit | (2 | ) |  | (2 | ) |  | (6 | ) |  | (6 | )
Recognition of actuarial loss | 54 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 134 |
Net periodic pension benefit expense (income) | $ | 20 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | 65 |  |  | (40 | )

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Net periodic benefit expense for our post-retirement benefit plans includes the following components:

| Post-Retirement Benefit Plans
| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Service cost | $ | 3 |  |  | 4 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 13 |
Interest cost | 27 |  |  | 24 |  |  | 82 |  |  | 73 |
Expected return on assets | — |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — |  |  | (1 | )
Recognition of prior service cost | 5 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 15 |
Net periodic post-retirement benefit expense | $ | 35 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 106 |  |  | 100 |

Service costs are included in the cost of services and products and selling, general and administrative line items on the statement of operations and all other costs listed above are included in the other income, net line item on the statement of operations. Benefits paid by our qualified pension plan are paid through a trust that holds all of the plan's assets. Based on current laws and circumstances, we do not expect any contributions to be required for our qualified pension plan during 2019. The amount of required contributions to our qualified pension plan in 2020 and beyond will depend on a variety of factors, most of which are beyond our control, including earnings on plan investments, prevailing interest rates, demographic experience, changes in plan benefits and changes in funding laws and regulations. We occasionally make voluntary contributions in addition to required contributions. Based on current circumstances, we do not anticipate making a voluntary contribution to the trust for our qualified pension plan in 2019.
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(8) Earnings (Loss) Per Common Share
Basic and diluted earnings (loss) per common share were calculated as follows:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts, shares in thousands)
Income (Loss) (Numerator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Net income (loss) | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Net income (loss) applicable to common stock for computing basic earnings per common share | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Net income (loss) as adjusted for purposes of computing diluted earnings per common share | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Shares (Denominator): |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Weighted-average number of shares: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding during period | 1,090,755 |  |  | 1,080,589 |  |  | 1,088,229 |  |  | 1,077,712 |
Non-vested restricted stock | (18,212 | ) |  | (13,685 | ) |  | (17,308 | ) |  | (12,302 | )
Weighted-average shares outstanding for computing basic earnings per common share | 1,072,543 |  |  | 1,066,904 |  |  | 1,070,921 |  |  | 1,065,410 |
Incremental common shares attributable to dilutive securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Shares issuable under convertible securities | 10 |  |  | 10 |  |  | — |  |  | 10 |
Shares issuable under incentive compensation plans | 2,237 |  |  | 5,437 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,306 |
Number of shares as adjusted for purposes of computing diluted earnings (loss) per common share | 1,074,790 |  |  | 1,072,351 |  |  | 1,070,921 |  |  | 1,069,726 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.64 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share (1) | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.63 |

______________________________________________________________________

(1) | For the nine months ended September 30, 2019, we excluded from the calculation of diluted loss per share 2.3 million shares, potentially issuable under incentive compensation plans or convertible securities, as their effect, if included, would have been anti-dilutive.

Our calculation of diluted earnings (loss) per common share excludes shares of common stock that are issuable upon exercise of stock options when the exercise price is greater than the average market price of our common stock. We also exclude unvested restricted stock awards that are antidilutive as a result of unrecognized compensation cost. Such shares averaged 5.2 million and 8.3 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, respectively, and 1.5 million and 3.0 million for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
(9) Fair Value of Financial Instruments
The Fair Value Measurement and Disclosure framework provides a three-tiered fair value hierarchy based on the reliability of the inputs used to determine fair value. Input Level 1 refers to fair values determined based on quoted prices in active markets for identical assets. Input Level 2 refers to fair values estimated using significant other observable inputs and Input Level 3 includes fair values estimated using significant unobservable inputs.
Due to their short-term nature, the carrying amounts of our cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash, accounts receivable and accounts payable approximate their fair values.
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The following table presents the carrying amounts and estimated fair values of CenturyLink, Inc.'s financial liabilities as of September 30, 2019 and December 31, 2018:

|  |  | September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| Input Level |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  | Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value
|  |  | (Dollars in millions)
Long-term debt, excluding finance lease and other obligations | 2 |  | $ | 34,911 |  |  | 35,739 |  |  | 35,260 |  |  | 32,915 |
Interest rate swap contracts (see Note 10) | 2 |  | 71 |  |  | 71 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

(10) Derivative Financial Instruments
From time to time, CenturyLink, Inc. uses derivative financial instruments, primarily interest rate swaps, to manage our exposure to fluctuations in interest rates. Our primary objective in managing interest rate risk is to decrease the volatility of our earnings and cash flows affected by changes in the underlying rates. We have floating rate long-term debt (see Note 5—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report). These obligations expose us to variability in interest payments due to changes in interest rates. If interest rates increase, interest expense increases. Conversely, if interest rates decrease, interest expense also decreases. We have designated our currently outstanding interest rate swap agreements as cash flow hedges. As described further below, under these hedges, we receive variable-rate amounts from a counterparty in exchange for us making fixed-rate payments over the lives of the agreements without exchange of the underlying notional amount. The change in the fair value of the interest rate swap agreements is reflected in AOCI and, as described below, is subsequently reclassified into earnings in the period that the hedged transaction affects earnings. We do not use derivative financial instruments for speculative purposes.
In February 2019, we entered into five variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest payments on $2.5 billion notional amount of floating rate debt. The five interest rate swap agreements are with different counterparties; one for $700 million and the other four for $450 million each. The transactions were effective beginning March 31, 2019 and mature March 31, 2022. Under the terms of these interest rate swap transactions, we receive interest payments based on one month floating LIBOR terms and pay interest at the fixed rate of 2.48%.
In June 2019, we entered into six variable-to-fixed interest rate swap agreements to hedge the interest payments on $1.5 billion notional amount of floating rate debt. The six interest rate swap agreements are with different counterparties for $250 million each. The transactions were effective beginning June 30, 2019 and mature June 30, 2022. Under the terms of these interest rate swap transactions, we receive interest payments based on one month floating LIBOR terms and pay interest at the fixed rate of 1.58%.
We evaluate the effectiveness of both our February 2019 and June 2019 hedges qualitatively on a quarterly basis and both currently qualify as effective hedge relationships.
CenturyLink, Inc. is exposed to credit related losses in the event of non-performance by counterparties. The counterparties to any of the financial derivatives we enter into are major institutions with investment grade credit ratings. We evaluate counterparty credit risk before entering into any hedge transaction and continue to closely monitor the financial market and the risk that our counterparties will default on their obligations as part of our quarterly qualitative effectiveness evaluation.
Amounts accumulated in AOCI related to derivatives are indirectly recognized in earnings as periodic settlement payments are made throughout the term of the swaps.
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The table below presents the fair value of our derivative financial instruments as well as their classification on the consolidated balance sheet at September 30, 2019 as follows (in millions):

| Liability Derivatives
| September 30, 2019
Derivatives designated as | Balance Sheet Location |  | Fair Value
Cash flow hedging contracts | Other current and noncurrent liabilities |  | $ | 71 |

The amount of losses recognized in AOCI consists of the following (in millions):

Derivatives designated as hedging instruments |  | 2019
Cash flow hedging contracts |  |
Three months ended September 30, |  | $ | 14 |
Nine months ended September 30, |  | 71 |

Amounts currently included in AOCI will be reflected as earnings prior to the settlement of these cash flow hedging contracts in 2022. We estimate that $20.1 million of net losses on the interest rate swaps (based on the estimated LIBOR curve as of September 30, 2019) will be reflected as earnings within the next twelve months.
(11) Segment Information
In January 2019, Jeff Storey, our CODM, announced a new organization structure and began managing our operations in the following five segments: International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business, Wholesale and Consumer. In addition, as described in more detail below, our segments are managed based on the direct costs of providing services to their customers and the associated selling, general and administrative costs (primarily salaries and commissions). Shared costs that were previously reported in segments are managed separately and included in "Operations and Other", in the tables below. We reclassified certain prior period amounts to conform to the current period presentation.
At September 30, 2019, we had the following five reportable segments:

• | International and Global Accounts Management ("IGAM") Segment. Under our IGAM segment, we provide our products and services to approximately 200 global enterprise customers and to enterprises and carriers in three operating regions: Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe Middle East and Africa. IGAM is responsible for working with large multinational organizations in support of their business and IT transformation strategies. We provide a portfolio of services inclusive of dark fiber; content delivery; private and public networking; hybrid IT solutions including private and public cloud services as well as consulting and professional services; and security services; all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and

• | Enterprise Segment. Under our enterprise segment, we provide our products and services to large and medium domestic and global enterprises, including federal, state and local governments. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, which includes VPN and hybrid networking, Ethernet and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes wavelengths and private line, dark fiber, colocation, data center, and professional services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, toll-free and unified communications services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and

• | Small and Medium Business ("SMB") Segment. Under our SMB segment, we provide our products and services to small and medium businesses directly and through our indirect channel partners. We designate businesses as small or medium based on company employee count. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily VPN, IP and Ethernet services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes broadband, wavelengths and private line services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, national public access, VoIP and toll-free services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and

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• | Wholesale Segment. Under our wholesale segment, we provide our products and services to a wide range of other communication providers across the wireline, wireless, cable, voice and data center sectors. Our wholesale customers range from large global telecom providers to small regional providers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily Ethernet, VPN and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes private line, wavelengths, UNE, dark fiber, colocation, data center, and wholesale broadband services; and Voice Services, which includes long-distance, local, toll-free and contact center, and intercarrier tandem services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services Categories"; and

• | Consumer Segment. Under our consumer segment, we provide our products and services to residential customers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our broadband, local and long-distance voice, and other ancillary services. Additionally, Universal Service Fund ("USF") federal and state support payments, Connect America Fund ("CAF") federal support revenue, and other revenue from leasing and subleasing including prior year rental income associated with the 2017 failed-sale-leaseback are reported in our consumer segment as regulatory revenue.

Product and Service Categories
We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for the International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business and Wholesale segments:

• | IP and Data Services, which includes primarily VPN data networks, Ethernet, IP, video (including our facilities-based video services, CDN services and Vyvx broadcast services) and other ancillary services;

• | Transport and Infrastructure, which includes broadband, private line (including business data services), data center facilities and services, including cloud, hosting and application management solutions, wavelength, equipment sales and professional services, network security services, dark fiber services and other ancillary services;

• | Voice and Collaboration, which includes primarily local and long-distance voice, including wholesale voice, and other ancillary services;

• | IT and Managed Services, which includes information technology services and managed services, which may be purchased in conjunction with our other network services; and

We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for the Consumer segment:

• | Broadband, which includes broadband revenue; and

• | Voice, which includes local and long-distance revenue; and

• | Regulatory Revenue, which consists of (i) Universal Service Fund, Connect America Fund and other support payments designed to reimburse us for various costs related to certain telecommunications services and (ii) other operating revenue from the leasing and subleasing of space; and

• | Other, which includes retail video revenue (including our facilities-based video revenue), professional services and other ancillary services.

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The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the three months ended September 30, 2019.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 417 |  | 691 |  | 295 |  | 357 |  | — |  | 1,760 |  | — |  | 1,760 |
Transport and Infrastructure | 331 |  | 405 |  | 106 |  | 467 |  | — |  | 1,309 |  | — |  | 1,309 |
Voice and Collaboration | 96 |  | 395 |  | 322 |  | 200 |  | — |  | 1,013 |  | — |  | 1,013 |
IT and Managed Services | 55 |  | 59 |  | 11 |  | 1 |  | — |  | 126 |  | — |  | 126 |
Broadband | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 718 |  | 718 |  | — |  | 718 |
Voice | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 462 |  | 462 |  | — |  | 462 |
Regulatory | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 157 |  | 157 |  | — |  | 157 |
Other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 61 |  | 61 |  | — |  | 61 |
Total Revenue | 899 |  | 1,550 |  | 734 |  | 1,025 |  | 1,398 |  | 5,606 |  | — |  | 5,606 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 269 |  | 544 |  | 155 |  | 144 |  | 80 |  | 1,192 |  | 1,398 |  | 2,590 |
Selling, general and administrative | 65 |  | 134 |  | 112 |  | 21 |  | 102 |  | 434 |  | 397 |  | 831 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (38 | ) | (38 | )
Total expense | 334 |  | 678 |  | 267 |  | 165 |  | 182 |  | 1,626 |  | 1,757 |  | 3,383 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 565 |  | 872 |  | 467 |  | 860 |  | 1,216 |  | 3,980 |  | (1,757 | ) | 2,223 |

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The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the three months ended September 30, 2018.

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 423 |  | 659 |  | 294 |  | 348 |  | — |  | 1,724 |  | — |  | 1,724 |
Transport and Infrastructure | 317 |  | 374 |  | 117 |  | 537 |  | — |  | 1,345 |  | — |  | 1,345 |
Voice and Collaboration | 90 |  | 395 |  | 361 |  | 210 |  | — |  | 1,056 |  | — |  | 1,056 |
IT and Managed Services | 62 |  | 77 |  | 13 |  | 2 |  | — |  | 154 |  | — |  | 154 |
Broadband | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 702 |  | 702 |  | — |  | 702 |
Voice | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 565 |  | 565 |  | — |  | 565 |
Regulatory | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 181 |  | 181 |  | — |  | 181 |
Other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 91 |  | 91 |  | — |  | 91 |
Total Revenue | 892 |  | 1,505 |  | 785 |  | 1,097 |  | 1,539 |  | 5,818 |  | — |  | 5,818 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 254 |  | 491 |  | 154 |  | 158 |  | 115 |  | 1,172 |  | 1,500 |  | 2,672 |
Selling, general and administrative | 62 |  | 141 |  | 129 |  | 18 |  | 124 |  | 474 |  | 493 |  | 967 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (49 | ) | (49 | )
Total expense | 316 |  | 632 |  | 283 |  | 176 |  | 239 |  | 1,646 |  | 1,944 |  | 3,590 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 576 |  | 873 |  | 502 |  | 921 |  | 1,300 |  | 4,172 |  | (1,944 | ) | 2,228 |

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The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the nine months ended September 30, 2019.

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 1,257 |  | 2,060 |  | 885 |  | 1,037 |  | — |  | 5,239 |  | — |  | 5,239 |
Transport and Infrastructure | 984 |  | 1,137 |  | 319 |  | 1,450 |  | — |  | 3,890 |  | — |  | 3,890 |
Voice and Collaboration | 284 |  | 1,182 |  | 986 |  | 589 |  | — |  | 3,041 |  | — |  | 3,041 |
IT and Managed Services | 167 |  | 199 |  | 35 |  | 4 |  | — |  | 405 |  | — |  | 405 |
Broadband | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,158 |  | 2,158 |  | — |  | 2,158 |
Voice | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,428 |  | 1,428 |  | — |  | 1,428 |
Regulatory | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 474 |  | 474 |  | — |  | 474 |
Other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 196 |  | 196 |  | — |  | 196 |
Total Revenue | 2,692 |  | 4,578 |  | 2,225 |  | 3,080 |  | 4,256 |  | 16,831 |  | — |  | 16,831 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 786 |  | 1,537 |  | 455 |  | 430 |  | 244 |  | 3,452 |  | 4,104 |  | 7,556 |
Selling, general and administrative | 201 |  | 426 |  | 364 |  | 62 |  | 321 |  | 1,374 |  | 1,349 |  | 2,723 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (114 | ) | (114 | )
Total expense | 987 |  | 1,963 |  | 819 |  | 492 |  | 565 |  | 4,826 |  | 5,339 |  | 10,165 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,705 |  | 2,615 |  | 1,406 |  | 2,588 |  | 3,691 |  | 12,005 |  | (5,339 | ) | 6,666 |

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The following table summarizes our segment results and operating revenue detail for our product and services for the nine months ended September 30, 2018.

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 1,294 |  | 1,991 |  | 884 |  | 1,036 |  | — |  | 5,205 |  | — |  | 5,205 |
Transport and Infrastructure | 947 |  | 1,154 |  | 362 |  | 1,614 |  | — |  | 4,077 |  | — |  | 4,077 |
Voice and Collaboration | 285 |  | 1,203 |  | 1,101 |  | 667 |  | — |  | 3,256 |  | — |  | 3,256 |
IT and Managed Services | 204 |  | 227 |  | 41 |  | 6 |  | — |  | 478 |  | — |  | 478 |
Broadband | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 2,119 |  | 2,119 |  | — |  | 2,119 |
Voice | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 1,668 |  | 1,668 |  | — |  | 1,668 |
Regulatory | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 549 |  | 549 |  | — |  | 549 |
Other | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 313 |  | 313 |  | — |  | 313 |
Total Revenue | 2,730 |  | 4,575 |  | 2,388 |  | 3,323 |  | 4,649 |  | 17,665 |  | — |  | 17,665 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 789 |  | 1,505 |  | 454 |  | 501 |  | 397 |  | 3,646 |  | 4,559 |  | 8,205 |
Selling, general and administrative | 194 |  | 438 |  | 392 |  | 65 |  | 395 |  | 1,484 |  | 1,707 |  | 3,191 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (144 | ) | (144 | )
Total expense | 983 |  | 1,943 |  | 846 |  | 566 |  | 792 |  | 5,130 |  | 6,122 |  | 11,252 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,747 |  | 2,632 |  | 1,542 |  | 2,757 |  | 3,857 |  | 12,535 |  | (6,122 | ) | 6,413 |

We recognize revenue in our consolidated statements of operations for certain USF surcharges and transaction taxes that we bill to our customers. Our consolidated statements of operations also reflect the offsetting expense for the amounts we remit to the government agencies. The USF surcharges, where we record revenue and transaction taxes, are assigned to the product and service categories of each segment based on the underlying revenue. We also act as a collection agent for certain other USF and transaction taxes that we are required by government agencies to bill our customers, for which we do not record any revenue or expense because we only act as a pass-through agent.
The following table provides the amount of USF surcharges and transaction taxes:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
USF surcharges and transaction taxes | $ | 270 |  |  | 221 |  |  | 750 |  |  | 698 |

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Revenue and Expenses
Our segment revenue includes all revenue from our five segments as described in more detail above. Our segment revenue is based upon each customer's classification. We report our segment revenue based upon all services provided to that segment's customers. Our segment expenses include specific cost of service expenses incurred as a direct result of providing services and products to segment customers, along with selling, general and administrative expenses that are directly associated with specific segment customers or activities. Network expenses not incurred as a direct result of providing services and products to segment customers and centrally managed expenses such as Operations, Finance, Human Resources, Legal, Marketing, Product Management and IT are not assigned to segments as they are managed separately; they are reported as "Operations and Other". We do not assign depreciation and amortization expense or impairments to our segments, as the related assets and capital expenditures are centrally managed and are not monitored by or reported to the CODM by segment. Interest expense is also excluded from segment results because we manage our financing on a consolidated basis and have not allocated assets or debt to specific segments. Stock-based compensation and other income and expense items are not monitored as a part of our segment operations and are therefore excluded from our segment results.
The following table reconciles total segment adjusted EBITDA to net income (loss):

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Total segment adjusted EBITDA | $ | 3,980 |  |  | 4,172 |  |  | 12,005 |  |  | 12,535 |
Depreciation and amortization | (1,235 | ) |  | (1,285 | ) |  | (3,619 | ) |  | (3,858 | )
Impairment of goodwill | — |  |  | — |  |  | (6,506 | ) |  | — |
Other operating expenses | (1,757 | ) |  | (1,944 | ) |  | (5,339 | ) |  | (6,122 | )
Stock-based compensation | (38 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (114 | ) |  | (144 | )
Operating income (loss) | 950 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (3,573 | ) |  | 2,411 |
Total other expense, net | (540 | ) |  | (565 | ) |  | (1,542 | ) |  | (1,609 | )
Income (loss) before income taxes | 410 |  |  | 329 |  |  | (5,115 | ) |  | 802 |
Income tax expense | 108 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 123 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |

(12) Commitments and Contingencies and Other Items
We are subject to various claims, legal proceedings and other contingent liabilities, including the matters described below, which individually or in the aggregate could materially affect our financial condition, future results of operations or cash flows. As a matter of course, we are prepared to both litigate these matters to judgment as needed, as well as to evaluate and consider reasonable settlement opportunities.
Irrespective of its merits, litigation may be both lengthy and disruptive to our operations and could cause significant expenditure and diversion of management attention. We review our litigation accrual liabilities on a quarterly basis, but in accordance with applicable accounting guidelines only establish accrual liabilities when losses are deemed probable and reasonably estimable and only revise previously-established accrual liabilities when warranted by changes in circumstances, in each case based on then-available information. As such, as of any given date we could have exposure to losses under proceedings as to which no liability has been accrued or as to which the accrued liability is inadequate. Amounts accrued for our litigation and non-income tax contingencies at September 30, 2019 aggregated to approximately $133 million and are included in other current liabilities and other liabilities in our consolidated balance sheet as of such date. The establishment of an accrual does not mean that actual funds have been set aside to satisfy a given contingency. Thus, the resolution of a particular contingency for the amount accrued could have no effect on our results of operations but nonetheless could have an adverse effect on our cash flows.
In this Note, when we refer to a class action as "putative" it is because a class has been alleged, but not certified in that matter.
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Principal Proceedings
Shareholder Class Action Suits
CenturyLink and certain CenturyLink board members and officers were named as defendants in a putative shareholder class action lawsuit filed on June 12, 2018 in the Boulder County District Court of the state of Colorado, captioned Houser et al. v. CenturyLink, et al. The complaint asserts claims on behalf of a putative class of former Level 3 shareholders who became CenturyLink shareholders as a result of the transaction. It alleges that the proxy statement provided to the Level 3 shareholders failed to disclose material information of several kinds, including information about strategic revenue, customer loss rates, and customer account issues, among other items. The complaint seeks damages, costs and fees, rescission, rescissory damages, and other equitable relief.
Switched Access Disputes
Subsidiaries of CenturyLink, Inc. are among hundreds of companies involved in an industry-wide dispute, raised in nearly 100 federal lawsuits (filed between 2014 and 2016) that have been consolidated in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas for pretrial procedures. The disputes relate to switched access charges that local exchange carriers ("LECs") collect from interexchange carriers ("IXCs") for IXCs' use of LEC's access services. In the lawsuits, IXCs, including Sprint Communications Company L.P. ("Sprint") and various affiliates of Verizon Communications Inc. ("Verizon"), assert that federal and state laws bar LECs from collecting access charges when IXCs exchange certain types of calls between mobile and wireline devices that are routed through an IXC. Some of these IXCs have asserted claims seeking refunds of payments for access charges previously paid and relief from future access charges.
In November 2015, the federal court agreed with the LECs and rejected the IXCs' contention that federal law prohibits these particular access charges, and also allowed the IXCs to refile state-law claims. Since then, many of the LECs and IXCs have filed revised pleadings and additional motions, which remain pending. Separately, some of the defendants, including CenturyLink, Inc.'s LECs, have petitioned the FCC to address these issues on an industry-wide basis.
Our subsidiaries include both IXCs and LECs which respectively pay and assess significant amounts of the charges in question. The outcomes of these disputes and lawsuits, as well as any related regulatory proceedings that could ensue, are currently not predictable.
State Tax Suits
Several Missouri municipalities have, beginning in May 2012, asserted claims alleging underpayment of taxes against CenturyLink, Inc. and several of its subsidiaries in a number of proceedings filed in the Circuit Court of St. Louis County, Missouri. These municipalities are seeking, among other things, declaratory relief regarding the application of business license and gross receipts taxes and back taxes from 2007 to the present, plus penalties and interest. In a February 2017 ruling in connection with one of these pending cases, the court entered an order awarding plaintiffs $4 million and broadening the tax base on a going-forward basis. We have appealed that ruling. In a June 2017 ruling in connection with another one of these pending cases, the court made findings which, if not overturned, will result in a tax liability to us well in excess of the contingent liability we have established. In due course, we plan to appeal that decision. We continue to vigorously defend against these claims.
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Billing Practices Suits
In June 2017, a former employee filed an employment lawsuit against us claiming that she was wrongfully terminated for alleging that we charged some of our retail customers for products and services they did not authorize. Starting shortly thereafter and continuing since then, and based in part on the allegations made by the former employee, several legal proceedings have been filed.
In June 2017, McLeod v. CenturyLink, a putative consumer class action, was filed against us in the U.S. District Court for the Central District of California alleging that we charged some of our retail customers for products and services they did not authorize. A number of other complaints asserting similar claims have been filed in other federal and state courts, as well. The lawsuits assert claims including fraud, unfair competition, and unjust enrichment. Also in June 2017, Craig. v. CenturyLink, Inc., et al., a putative securities investor class action, was filed in U.S. District Court for the Southern District of New York, alleging that we failed to disclose material information regarding improper sales practices, and asserting federal securities law claims. A number of other cases asserting similar claims have also been filed.
Beginning June 2017, we also received several shareholder derivative demands addressing related topics. In August 2017, the Board of Directors formed a special litigation committee of outside directors to address the allegations of impropriety contained in the shareholder derivative demands. In April 2018, the special litigation committee concluded its review of the derivative demands and declined to take further action. Since then, derivative cases were filed. Two of these cases, Castagna v. Post and Pinsly v. Post, were filed in Louisiana state court in the Fourth Judicial District Court for the Parish of Ouachita. The remaining derivative cases were filed in federal court in Louisiana and Minnesota. These cases have been brought on behalf of CenturyLink against certain current and former officers and directors of the Company and seek damages for alleged breaches of fiduciary duties.
The consumer putative class actions, the securities investor putative class actions, and the federal derivative actions have been transferred to the U.S. District Court for the District of Minnesota for coordinated and consolidated pretrial proceedings as In Re: CenturyLink Sales Practices and Securities Litigation. Subject to confirmatory discovery and court approval, we have agreed to settle the consumer putative class actions for payments of $15.5 million to compensate class members and of up to $3.5 million for administrative costs. We have accrued for those amounts.
In July 2017, the Minnesota state attorney general filed State of Minnesota v. CenturyTel Broadband Services LLC, et al. in the Anoka County Minnesota District Court, alleging claims of fraud and deceptive trade practices relating to improper consumer sales practices. The suit seeks an order of restitution on behalf of all CenturyLink customers, civil penalties, injunctive relief, and costs and fees. Additionally, we have received and responded to information requests and inquiries from other states.
Locate Service Investigations
In June 2019, Minnesota and Arizona initiated investigations related to the timeliness of responses by certain of our vendors to requests for marking the location of underground telecommunications facilities. We and our subsidiaries are cooperating with the investigations.
Peruvian Tax Litigation
In 2005, the Peruvian tax authorities ("SUNAT") issued tax assessments against one of our Peruvian subsidiaries asserting $26 million, of additional income tax withholding and value-added taxes ("VAT"), penalties and interest for calendar years 2001 and 2002 on the basis that the Peruvian subsidiary incorrectly documented its importations. After taking into account the developments described below, as well as the accrued interest and foreign exchange effects, we believe the total amount of our exposure was $8 million at September 30, 2019.
We challenged the assessments via administrative and then judicial review processes. In October 2011, the highest administrative review tribunal (the Tribunal) decided the central issue underlying the 2002 assessments in SUNAT's favor. We appealed the Tribunal's decision to the first judicial level, which decided the central issue in favor of Level 3. SUNAT and we filed cross-appeals with the court of appeal. In May 2017, the court of appeal issued a decision reversing the first judicial level. In June 2017, we filed an appeal of the decision to the Supreme Court of Justice, the final judicial level. Oral argument was held before the Supreme Court of Justice in October 2018. A decision on this case is pending.
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In October 2013, the Tribunal decided the central issue underlying the 2001 assessments in SUNAT’s favor. We appealed that decision to the first judicial level in Peru, which decided the central issue in favor of SUNAT. In June 2017, we filed an appeal with the court of appeal. In November 2017, the court of appeals issued a decision affirming the first judicial level and we filed an appeal of the decision to the Supreme Court of Justice. Oral argument was held before the Supreme Court of Justice in June 2019. A decision on this case is pending.
Brazilian Tax Claims
In December 2004, March 2009, April 2009 and July 2014, the São Paulo state tax authorities issued tax assessments against one of our Brazilian subsidiaries for the Tax on Distribution of Goods and Services (“ICMS”) with respect to revenue from leasing certain assets (in the case of the December 2004, March 2009 and July 2014 assessments) and revenue from the provision of Internet access services (in the case of the April 2009 and July 2014 assessments), by treating such activities as the provision of communications services, to which the ICMS tax applies. In September 2002, July 2009 and May 2012, the Rio de Janeiro state tax authorities issued tax assessments to the same Brazilian subsidiary on similar issues.
We have filed objections to these assessments, arguing that the lease of assets and the provision of Internet access are not communication services subject to ICMS. The objections to the September 2002, December 2004 and March 2009 assessments were rejected by the respective state administrative courts, and we have appealed those decisions to the judicial courts. In October 2012 and June 2014, we received favorable rulings from the lower court on the December 2004 and March 2009 assessments regarding equipment leasing, but those rulings are subject to appeal by the state. No ruling has been obtained with respect to the September 2002 assessment. The objections to the April and July 2009 and May 2012 assessments are still pending final administrative decisions. The July 2014 assessment was confirmed during the fourth quarter of 2014 at the first administrative level, and we appealed this decision to the second administrative level.
We are vigorously contesting all such assessments in both states and, in particular, view the assessment of ICMS on revenue from equipment leasing to be without merit. We estimate that these assessments, if upheld, could result in a loss of up to $37 million at September 30, 2019 in excess of the accruals established for these matters.
Qui Tam Action
Level 3 was notified in late 2017 of a qui tam action pending against Level 3 Communications, Inc. and others in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia, captioned United States of America ex rel., Stephen Bishop v. Level 3 Communications, Inc. et al. The original qui tam complaint was filed under seal on November 26, 2013, and an amended complaint was filed under seal on June 16, 2014. The court unsealed the complaints on October 26, 2017.
The amended complaint alleges that Level 3, principally through two former employees, submitted false claims and made false statements to the government in connection with two government contracts. The relator seeks damages in this lawsuit of approximately $50 million, subject to trebling, plus statutory penalties, pre-and-post judgment interest, and attorney’s fees. The case is currently stayed.
Level 3 is evaluating its defenses to the claims. At this time, Level 3 does not believe it is probable Level 3 will incur a material loss. If, contrary to its expectations, the plaintiff prevails in this matter and proves damages at or near $50 million, and is successful in having those damages trebled, the outcome could have a material adverse effect on our results of operations in the period in which a liability is recognized and on our cash flows for the period in which any damages are paid.
Several people, including two former Level 3 employees were indicted in the United States District Court for the Eastern District of Virginia on October 3, 2017, and charged with, among other things, accepting kickbacks from a subcontractor, who was also indicted, for work to be performed under a prime government contract. Of the two former employees, one entered into a plea agreement, and the other is deceased. Level 3 is fully cooperating in the government’s investigations in this matter.
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Other Proceedings, Disputes and Contingencies
From time to time, we are involved in other proceedings incidental to our business, including patent infringement allegations, administrative hearings of state public utility commissions relating primarily to our rates or services, actions relating to employee claims, various tax issues, environmental law issues, grievance hearings before labor regulatory agencies and miscellaneous third party tort actions.
We are currently defending several patent infringement lawsuits asserted against us by non-practicing entities, many of which are seeking substantial recoveries. These cases have progressed to various stages and one or more may go to trial in the coming 24 months if they are not otherwise resolved. Where applicable, we are seeking full or partial indemnification from our vendors and suppliers. As with all litigation, we are vigorously defending these actions and, as a matter of course, are prepared to litigate these matters to judgment, as well as to evaluate and consider all reasonable settlement opportunities.
We are subject to various foreign, federal, state and local environmental protection and health and safety laws. From time to time, we are subject to judicial and administrative proceedings brought by various governmental authorities under these laws. Several such proceedings are currently pending, but none individually is reasonably expected to exceed $100,000 in fines and penalties.
The outcome of these other proceedings described under this heading is not predictable. However, based on current circumstances, we do not believe that the ultimate resolution of these other proceedings, after considering available defenses and any insurance coverage or indemnification rights, will have a material adverse effect on us.
The matters listed above in this Note do not reflect all of our contingencies. For additional information on our contingencies, see Note 17 - Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items - to the financial statements included in Item 8 of part II of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018. The ultimate outcome of the above-described matters may differ materially from the outcomes anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in certain of our statements appearing above in this Note, and proceedings currently viewed as immaterial by us may ultimately materially impact us.
Environmental Contingencies
In connection with our largely historical operations, we have responded to or been notified of potential environmental liability at approximately 200 properties. We are engaged in addressing or have liquidated environmental liabilities at many of those properties. We could potentially be held liable, jointly, or severally, and without regard to fault, for the costs of investigation and remediation of these sites. The discovery of additional environmental liabilities or changes in existing environmental requirements could have a material adverse effect on our business.
(13) Other Financial Information
Other Current Assets
The following table presents details of other current assets reflected in our consolidated balance sheets:

| September 30, 2019 |  | December 31, 2018
| (Dollars in millions)
Prepaid expenses | $ | 352 |  |  | 307 |
Income tax receivable | 5 |  |  | 82 |
Materials, supplies and inventory | 137 |  |  | 120 |
Contract assets | 51 |  |  | 52 |
Contract acquisition costs | 175 |  |  | 167 |
Contract fulfillment costs | 111 |  |  | 82 |
Other | 53 |  |  | 108 |
Total other current assets | $ | 884 |  |  | 918 |

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(14) Accumulated Other Comprehensive Loss
Information Relating to 2019
The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss recorded on our consolidated balance sheet by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2019:

| Pension Plans |  | Post-Retirement Benefit Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other |  | Interest Rate Swap |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2018 | $ | (2,173 | ) |  | (58 | ) |  | (230 | ) |  | — |  |  | (2,461 | )
Other comprehensive loss before reclassifications | — |  |  | — |  |  | (115 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (169 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 122 |  |  | 9 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 131 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income (loss) | 122 |  |  | 9 |  |  | (115 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (38 | )
Balance at September 30, 2019 | $ | (2,051 | ) |  | (49 | ) |  | (345 | ) |  | (54 | ) |  | (2,499 | )

The tables below present further information about our reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

Three Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  | Decrease (Increase) in Net Income |  | Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
|  | (Dollars in millions) |  |
Amortization of pension & post-retirement plans(1) |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss |  | $ | 54 |  |  | Other income, net
Prior service cost |  | 3 |  |  | Other income, net
Total before tax |  | 57 |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  | (14 | ) |  | Income tax expense
Net of tax |  | $ | 43 |  |  |

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 |  | Increase (Decrease) in Net Loss |  | Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
|  | (Dollars in millions) |  |
Amortization of pension & post-retirement plans(1) |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss |  | $ | 167 |  |  | Other income, net
Prior service cost |  | 7 |  |  | Other income, net
Total before tax |  | 174 |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  | (43 | ) |  | Income tax expense
Net of tax |  | $ | 131 |  |  |

________________________________________________________________________

(1) | See Note 7—Employee Benefits for additional information on our net periodic benefit expense (income) related to our pension and post-retirement plans.

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Information Relating to 2018
The table below summarizes changes in accumulated other comprehensive loss recorded on our consolidated balance sheets by component for the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

| Pension Plans |  | Post-Retirement Benefit Plans |  | Foreign Currency Translation Adjustment and Other |  | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Balance at December 31, 2017 | $ | (1,731 | ) |  | (235 | ) |  | (29 | ) |  | (1,995 | )
Other comprehensive income before reclassifications | — |  |  | — |  |  | (161 | ) |  | (161 | )
Amounts reclassified from accumulated other comprehensive loss | 97 |  |  | 11 |  |  | — |  |  | 108 |
Net current-period other comprehensive income | 97 |  |  | 11 |  |  | (161 | ) |  | (53 | )
Cumulative effect of adoption of ASU 2018-02, Reclassification of Certain Tax Effects from Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income | (375 | ) |  | (32 | ) |  | — |  |  | (407 | )
Balance at September 30, 2018 | $ | (2,009 | ) |  | (256 | ) |  | (190 | ) |  | (2,455 | )

The tables below present further information about our reclassifications out of accumulated other comprehensive loss by component for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018

Three Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Decrease (Increase) in Net Income |  | Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
|  | (Dollars in millions) |  |
Amortization of pension & post-retirement plans(1) |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss |  | $ | 45 |  |  | Other income, net
Prior service cost |  | 3 |  |  | Other income, net
Total before tax |  | 48 |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  | (11 | ) |  | Income tax expense
Net of tax |  | $ | 37 |  |  |

Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018 |  | Decrease (Increase) in Net Income |  | Affected Line Item in Consolidated Statement of Operations
|  | (Dollars in millions) |  |
Amortization of pension & post-retirement plans(1) |  |  |  |
Net actuarial loss |  | $ | 134 |  |  | Other income, net
Prior service cost |  | 9 |  |  | Other income, net
Total before tax |  | 143 |  |  |
Income tax benefit |  | (35 | ) |  | Income tax expense
Net of tax |  | $ | 108 |  |  |

________________________________________________________________________

(1) | See Note 7—Employee Benefits for additional information on our net periodic benefit expense (income) related to our pension and post-retirement plans.

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(15) Labor Union Contracts
As of September 30, 2019, CenturyLink, Inc. had approximately 43,000 employees. Approximately, 26% of our employees are represented by the Communication Workers of America ("CWA") or the International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers ("IBEW"). Approximately 2% of our union-represented employees were subject to collective bargaining agreements that expired as of September 30, 2019 and are currently being renegotiated. Additionally, approximately 10% of our union-represented employees are subject to collective bargaining agreements that are scheduled to expire over the next 12 months. During third quarter 2019, we reached new agreements with the CWA and IBEW, which represented approximately 73%, of our represented employees. We believe relations with our employees continue to be generally good.
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ITEM 2. MANAGEMENT'S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
Unless the context requires otherwise, (i) references in this report to "CenturyLink," "we," "us" and "our" refer to CenturyLink, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries and (ii) references in this report to "Level 3" refer to Level 3 Communications, Inc. prior to our acquisition thereof and to its successor-in-interest Level 3 Parent, LLC after such acquisition.
All references to "Notes" in this Item 2 of Part I refer to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 1 of Part I of this report.
Certain statements in this report constitute forward-looking statements. See "Special Note Regarding Forward-Looking Statements" appearing at the beginning of this report and "Risk Factors" in Item 1A of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 for a discussion of certain factors that could cause our actual results to differ from our anticipated results or otherwise impact our business, financial condition, results of operations, liquidity or prospects.
Overview
Management's Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations ("MD&A") included herein should be read in conjunction with MD&A and the other information included in our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, and with the consolidated financial statements and related notes in Item 1 of Part I of this report. The results of operations and cash flows for the first nine months of the year are not necessarily indicative of the results of operations and cash flows that might be expected for the entire year.
We are an international facilities-based communications company engaged primarily in providing a broad array of integrated services to our residential and business customers. We believe we are among the largest providers of communications services to domestic and global enterprise customers and the third largest wireline telecommunications company in the United States. We provide services in over 60 countries, with most of our revenue being derived in the United States.
At September 30, 2019, we served 4.7 million consumer broadband subscribers. Our methodology for counting consumer broadband subscribers may not be comparable to those of other companies.
Segments
At September 30, 2019, we had the following five segments:

• | International and Global Accounts Management ("IGAM") Segment. Under our IGAM segment, we provide our products and services to approximately 200 global enterprise customers and three operating regions: Asia Pacific, Latin America, Europe Middle East and Africa. Our international network operations connect over 60 countries and conduct business in 25 languages. IGAM is responsible for working with large multinational organizations in support of their business and IT transformation strategies. We provide a portfolio of services inclusive of dark fiber; content delivery; private and public networking; hybrid IT solutions including private and public cloud services as well as consulting and professional services; and security services; and

• | Enterprise Segment. Under our enterprise segment, we provide our products and services to large and medium domestic and global enterprises, including federal, state and local governments. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, which includes VPN and hybrid networking, Ethernet and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes wavelengths and private line, dark fiber, colocation, data center, and professional services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, toll-free and unified communications services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services"; and

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• | Small and Medium Business ("SMB") Segment. Under our SMB segment, we provide our products and services to small and medium businesses directly and through our indirect channel partners. We designate businesses as small or medium based on company employee count. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily VPN, IP and Ethernet services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes broadband, wavelengths and private line services; Voice Services, which includes local, long-distance, national public access, VoIP and toll-free services; and IT and Managed services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services"; and

• | Wholesale Segment. Under our wholesale segment, we provide our products and services to a wide range of other communication providers across the wireline, wireless, cable, voice and data center sectors. Our wholesale customers range from large global telecom providers to small regional providers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our IP and Data Services suite of products, primarily Ethernet, VPN and IP services; Transport and Infrastructure, which includes private line, wavelengths, UNE, dark fiber, colocation, data center, and wholesale broadband services; and Voice Services, which includes long-distance, local, toll-free and contact center, and intercarrier tandem services, all of which are described further under "Products and Services"; and

• | Consumer Segment. Under our consumer segment, we provide our products and services to residential customers. Our products and services offered to these customers include our broadband, local and long-distance voice, and other ancillary services. Additionally, Universal Service Fund ("USF") federal and state support payments, Connect America Fund ("CAF") federal support revenue, and other revenue from leasing and subleasing including prior year rental income associated with the 2017 failed-sale-leaseback are reported in our consumer segment as regulatory revenue.

Results of Operations
The following table summarizes the results of our consolidated operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Nine Months Ended September 30,
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
| (Dollars in millions, except per share amounts)
Operating revenue | $ | 5,606 |  |  | 5,818 |  |  | 16,831 |  |  | 17,665 |
Operating expenses | 4,656 |  |  | 4,924 |  |  | 20,404 |  |  | 15,254 |
Operating income (loss) | 950 |  |  | 894 |  |  | (3,573 | ) |  | 2,411 |
Total other expense, net | (540 | ) |  | (565 | ) |  | (1,542 | ) |  | (1,609 | )
INCOME (LOSS) BEFORE INCOME TAXES | 410 |  |  | 329 |  |  | (5,115 | ) |  | 802 |
Income tax expense | 108 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 377 |  |  | 123 |
Net income (loss) | $ | 302 |  |  | 272 |  |  | (5,492 | ) |  | 679 |
Basic earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.64 |
Diluted earnings (loss) per common share | $ | 0.28 |  |  | 0.25 |  |  | (5.13 | ) |  | 0.63 |

For over a decade, we have experienced revenue declines, excluding the impact of acquisitions, primarily due to declines in voice and private line customers, switched access rates and minutes of use. More recently, we have experienced declines in revenue derived from the sale of certain of our business products and services. To partially mitigate these revenue declines, we remain focused on efforts to, among other things:

• | promote long-term relationships with our customers through bundling of integrated services;

• | increase the size, capacity, speed and usage of our networks;

• | provide a wide array of diverse services, including enhanced or additional services that may become available in the future due to, among other things, advances in technology or improvements in our infrastructure;

• | provide our premium services to a higher percentage of our customers;

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• | pursue acquisitions of additional assets if available at attractive prices;

• | increase prices on our products and services if and when practicable; and

• | market our products and services to new customers.

Operating Revenue
We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for our International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business and Wholesale segments:

• | IP and Data Services, which include primarily VPN data networks, Ethernet, IP, video (including our facilities-based video services, CDN services and Vyvx broadcast services) and other ancillary services;

• | Transport and Infrastructure, which include broadband, private line (including business data services), data center facilities and services, including cloud, hosting and application management solutions, wavelength, equipment sales and professional services, network security services, dark fiber services and other ancillary services;

• | Voice and Collaboration, which includes primarily local and long-distance voice, including wholesale voice, and other ancillary services; and

• | IT and Managed Services, which include information technology services and managed services, which may be purchased in conjunction with our other network services.

We categorize our products and services revenue among the following four categories for our Consumer segment:

• | Broadband, which include broadband revenue;

• | Voice, which include local and long-distance revenue;

• | Regulatory Revenue, which consist of (i) Universal Service Fund ("USF"), Connect America Fund ("CAF") and other support payments designed to reimburse us for various costs related to certain telecommunications services and (ii) other operating revenue from the leasing and subleasing of space; and

• | Other, which include retail video revenue (including our facilities-based video revenue), professional services and other ancillary services.

The following table summarizes our consolidated operating revenue recorded under each of our eight above described revenue categories:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 1,760 |  |  | 1,724 |  |  | 36 |  |  | 2 | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 1,309 |  |  | 1,345 |  |  | (36 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 1,013 |  |  | 1,056 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (4 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 126 |  |  | 154 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Broadband | 718 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 2 | %
Voice | 462 |  |  | 565 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Regulatory | 157 |  |  | 181 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (13 | )%
Other | 61 |  |  | 91 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (33 | )%
Total operating revenue | $ | 5,606 |  |  | 5,818 |  |  | (212 | ) |  | (4 | )%

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| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 5,239 |  |  | 5,205 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 1 | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 3,890 |  |  | 4,077 |  |  | (187 | ) |  | (5 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 3,041 |  |  | 3,256 |  |  | (215 | ) |  | (7 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 405 |  |  | 478 |  |  | (73 | ) |  | (15 | )%
Broadband | 2,158 |  |  | 2,119 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 2 | %
Voice | 1,428 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | (240 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Regulatory | 474 |  |  | 549 |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Other | 196 |  |  | 313 |  |  | (117 | ) |  | (37 | )%
Total operating revenue | $ | 16,831 |  |  | 17,665 |  |  | (834 | ) |  | (5 | )%

Our total operating revenue decreased by $212 million, or 4%, and $834 million, or 5%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to decreases in six of the eight revenue categories. Voice, regulatory and other revenue under our Consumer segment, transport and infrastructure revenue under our Wholesale and Small and Medium Business segments and voice and collaboration revenue under our Wholesale and Small and Medium Business segments experienced our largest decreases. See our segment results below for additional information.
Operating Expenses
The following table summarizes our consolidated operating expenses:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | $ | 2,590 |  |  | 2,672 |  |  | (82 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 831 |  |  | 967 |  |  | (136 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Depreciation and amortization | 1,235 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (4 | )%
Total operating expenses | $ | 4,656 |  |  | 4,924 |  |  | (268 | ) |  | (5 | )%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) | $ | 7,556 |  |  | 8,205 |  |  | (649 | ) |  | (8 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 2,723 |  |  | 3,191 |  |  | (468 | ) |  | (15 | )%
Depreciation and amortization | 3,619 |  |  | 3,858 |  |  | (239 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Goodwill impairment | 6,506 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,506 |  |  | nm |
Total operating expenses | $ | 20,404 |  |  | 15,254 |  |  | 5,150 |  |  | 34 | %

_______________________________________________________________________________

nm | Percentages greater than 200% and comparisons between positive and negative values or to/from zero values are considered not meaningful.

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Cost of Services and Products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization)
Cost of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) decreased by $82 million, or 3%, and $649 million, or 8%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in costs of services and products (exclusive of depreciation and amortization) for both periods was attributable to lower salaries and wages and employee related expenses from lower headcount, reduced network expenses and voice usage costs, reduced customer premises equipment costs, a decline in content costs for Prism TV, and lower space and power expenses. These declines were slightly offset by higher direct taxes and fees, professional services, customer installation costs and right of way and dark fiber expenses.
Selling, General and Administrative
Selling, general and administrative expenses decreased by $136 million, or 14%, and $468 million, or 15%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in selling, general and administrative expenses for both periods was attributable to lower salaries and wages and employee related expenses from lower headcount, a decline in contract labor costs, lower rent expense due largely to lease terminations over the past year, lower hardware and software maintenance costs, a reduction in marketing and advertising expenses and an increase in the amount of labor capitalized or deferred. These declines were slightly offset by higher professional fees.
Depreciation and Amortization
The following table provides detail of our depreciation and amortization expense:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Depreciation | $ | 797 |  |  | 839 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (5 | )%
Amortization | 438 |  |  | 446 |  |  | (8 | ) |  | (2 | )%
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 1,235 |  |  | 1,285 |  |  | (50 | ) |  | (4 | )%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Depreciation | $ | 2,312 |  |  | 2,522 |  |  | (210 | ) |  | (8 | )%
Amortization | 1,307 |  |  | 1,336 |  |  | (29 | ) |  | (2 | )%
Total depreciation and amortization | $ | 3,619 |  |  | 3,858 |  |  | (239 | ) |  | (6 | )%

Depreciation expense decreased by $42 million, or 5%, and $210 million, or 8%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to the impact of the full depreciation of plant, property and equipment assigned a one year life at the time we acquired Level 3 of $60 million and $180 million for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2018 that were fully depreciated in 2018, the impact of annual rate depreciable life changes of $27 million and $81 million for the three and nine month periods, and the discontinuation of depreciation on failed sale leaseback assets of $17 million and $52 million for the three and nine month periods. These decreases were partially offset by net growth in depreciable assets of $43 million and $67 million for the three and nine month periods and increases associated with changes in our estimates of the remaining economic life of certain network assets of $28 million and $43 million for the three and nine month periods.
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Amortization expense decreased by $8 million, or 2%, and $29 million, or 2%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018 primarily due to decreases associated with the use of accelerated amortization methods for a portion of the customer intangibles of $18 million and $54 million for the three and nine month periods and decreases associated with annual rate amortizable life changes of software of $6 million and $19 million for the three and nine month periods. These decreases were partially offset by net growth in amortizable assets of $15 million and $43 million for the three and nine month periods.
Further analysis of our segment operating expenses by segment is provided below in "Segment Results."
Goodwill Impairments
We are required to perform impairment tests related to our goodwill annually, which we perform as of October 31, or sooner if an indicator of impairment occurs. Both our January 2019 internal reorganization and the decline in our stock price triggered impairment testing in the first quarter of 2019. Consequently, we evaluated our goodwill in January 2019 and again as of March 31, 2019. In our judgment, there were no additional triggering events during the second or third quarter of 2019.
Our reporting units are not discrete legal entities with discrete full financial statements. Our assets and liabilities are employed in and relate to the operations of multiple reporting units. For each reporting unit, we compare its estimated fair value of equity to its carrying value of equity that we assign to the reporting unit. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is equal or greater than the carrying value, we conclude that no impairment exists. If the estimated fair value of the reporting unit is less than the carrying value, we record an impairment equal to the difference.
When we performed our October 31, 2018 annual impairment test, we estimated the fair value of our reporting units by considering both a market approach and a discounted cash flow method. The market approach method includes the use of multiples of publicly traded companies whose services are comparable to ours. The discounted cash flow method is based on the present value of projected cash flows and a terminal value equal to the present value of all normalized cash flows after the projection period. Because our low stock price was a key trigger for impairment testing in early 2019, we estimated the fair value of our operations using only the market approach. Applying this approach, we utilized company comparisons and analyst reports within the telecommunications industry which have historically supported a range of fair values derived from annualized revenue and EBITDA multiples between 2.1x and 4.9x and 4.9x and 9.8x, respectively. We selected a revenue and EBITDA multiple for each of our reporting units within this range. We reconciled the estimated fair values of the reporting units to our market capitalization as of the date of each of our triggering events during the first quarter and concluded that the indicated control premium of approximately 4.5% and 4.1% were reasonable based on recent transactions in the market place. In the quarter ended March 31, 2019, based on our assessments performed with respect to the reporting units as described above, we concluded that the estimated fair value of certain of our reporting units was less than our carrying value of equity as of the date of each of our triggering events during the first quarter. As a result, we recorded non-cash, non-tax-deductible goodwill impairment charges aggregating to $6.5 billion in the quarter ended March 31, 2019.
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Other Consolidated Results
The following tables summarize our total other expense, net and income tax expense:

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Interest expense | $ | (496 | ) |  | (557 | ) |  | (61 | ) |  | (11 | )%
Other loss, net | (44 | ) |  | (8 | ) |  | 36 |  |  | nm |
Total other expense, net | $ | (540 | ) |  | (565 | ) |  | (25 | ) |  | (4 | )%
Income tax expense | $ | 108 |  |  | 57 |  |  | 51 |  |  | (89 | )%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Interest expense | $ | (1,537 | ) |  | (1,638 | ) |  | (101 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Other (loss) income, net | (5 | ) |  | 29 |  |  | (34 | ) |  | (117 | )%
Total other expense, net | $ | (1,542 | ) |  | (1,609 | ) |  | (67 | ) |  | (4 | )%
Income tax expense | $ | 377 |  |  | 123 |  |  | 254 |  |  | nm |

_______________________________________________________________________________

nm | Percentages greater than 200% and comparisons between positive and negative values or to/from zero values are considered not meaningful.

Interest Expense
Interest expense decreased by $61 million, or 11%, and $101 million, or 6%, respectively, for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018. The decrease in interest expense was primarily due to the decrease in long term debt from $36.5 billion at September 30, 2018 to $35.1 billion at September 30, 2019.
Other (Loss) Income, Net
Other income, net reflects certain items not directly related to our core operations, including our share of income from partnerships we do not control, interest income, gains and losses from non-operating asset dispositions, foreign currency gains and losses and components of net periodic pension and postretirement benefit costs. Other loss, net increased by $36 million for the three months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the three months ended September 30, 2018. Other income, net decreased by $34 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018. The change in other income, net for both periods was primarily due to increased pension and postretirement net periodic expense and foreign currency losses, which were partially offset by the gain on the early extinguishment of debt.
Income Tax Expense
For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019, our effective income tax rate was 26.3% and (7.4)%, respectively and for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, our effective income tax rate was 17.3% and 15.3%, respectively. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 was primarily due to goodwill impairment. Without the goodwill impairment, the rate would have been 27.1%. The effective tax rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2018 was significantly impacted by the tax reform impact of filing tax accounting method changes relating to our 2017 Federal income tax return that significantly accelerated tax deductions into 2017, resulting in a tax benefit, net of uncertain positions, of $142 million, offset by purchase price accounting adjustments resulting from the Level 3 acquisition and the tax reform impact on those adjustments of $83 million.
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Segment Results
General
For financial reporting purposes, we have determined that as of September 30, 2019 we had five reportable segments.
We have four segments associated with our business customers: International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business and Wholesale. For these segments we categorize our products and services and report our related revenue under the following categories: IP and data services, transport and infrastructure, voice and collaboration and IT and managed services. For our Consumer segment, we categorize our products and services and report our related revenue under the following categories: broadband, voice, regulatory revenue and other. From time to time, we change the categorization of our products and services, and we may make similar changes in the future.
The results of our reportable segments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2019
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | 899 |  | 1,550 |  | 734 |  | 1,025 |  | 1,398 |  | 5,606 |  | — |  | 5,606 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 269 |  | 544 |  | 155 |  | 144 |  | 80 |  | 1,192 |  | 1,398 |  | 2,590 |
Selling, general and administrative | 65 |  | 134 |  | 112 |  | 21 |  | 102 |  | 434 |  | 397 |  | 831 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (38 | ) | (38 | )
Total expense | 334 |  | 678 |  | 267 |  | 165 |  | 182 |  | 1,626 |  | 1,757 |  | 3,383 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 565 |  | 872 |  | 467 |  | 860 |  | 1,216 |  | 3,980 |  | (1,757 | ) | 2,223 |

| Three Months Ended September 30, 2018
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | 892 |  | 1,505 |  | 785 |  | 1,097 |  | 1,539 |  | 5,818 |  | — |  | 5,818 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 254 |  | 491 |  | 154 |  | 158 |  | 115 |  | 1,172 |  | 1,500 |  | 2,672 |
Selling, general and administrative | 62 |  | 141 |  | 129 |  | 18 |  | 124 |  | 474 |  | 493 |  | 967 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (49 | ) | (49 | )
Total expense | 316 |  | 632 |  | 283 |  | 176 |  | 239 |  | 1,646 |  | 1,944 |  | 3,590 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 576 |  | 873 |  | 502 |  | 921 |  | 1,300 |  | 4,172 |  | (1,944 | ) | 2,228 |

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The following table summarized the variances for our segments for the three months ended September 30, 2019 to the three months ended September 30, 2018:

| Variances
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | 7 |  | 45 |  | (51 | ) | (72 | ) | (141 | ) | (212 | ) | — |  | (212 | )
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 15 |  | 53 |  | 1 |  | (14 | ) | (35 | ) | 20 |  | (102 | ) | (82 | )
Selling, general and administrative | 3 |  | (7 | ) | (17 | ) | 3 |  | (22 | ) | (40 | ) | (96 | ) | (136 | )
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 11 |  | 11 |
Total expense | 18 |  | 46 |  | (16 | ) | (11 | ) | (57 | ) | (20 | ) | (187 | ) | (207 | )
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | (11 | ) | (1 | ) | (35 | ) | (61 | ) | (84 | ) | (192 | ) | 187 |  | (5 | )

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The results of our reportable segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 2018 are summarized below:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | 2,692 |  | 4,578 |  | 2,225 |  | 3,080 |  | 4,256 |  | 16,831 |  | — |  | 16,831 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 786 |  | 1,537 |  | 455 |  | 430 |  | 244 |  | 3,452 |  | 4,104 |  | 7,556 |
Selling, general and administrative | 201 |  | 426 |  | 364 |  | 62 |  | 321 |  | 1,374 |  | 1,349 |  | 2,723 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (114 | ) | (114 | )
Total expense | 987 |  | 1,963 |  | 819 |  | 492 |  | 565 |  | 4,826 |  | 5,339 |  | 10,165 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,705 |  | 2,615 |  | 1,406 |  | 2,588 |  | 3,691 |  | 12,005 |  | (5,339 | ) | 6,666 |

| Nine Months Ended September 30, 2018
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | 2,730 |  | 4,575 |  | 2,388 |  | 3,323 |  | 4,649 |  | 17,665 |  | — |  | 17,665 |
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 789 |  | 1,505 |  | 454 |  | 501 |  | 397 |  | 3,646 |  | 4,559 |  | 8,205 |
Selling, general and administrative | 194 |  | 438 |  | 392 |  | 65 |  | 395 |  | 1,484 |  | 1,707 |  | 3,191 |
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | (144 | ) | (144 | )
Total expense | 983 |  | 1,943 |  | 846 |  | 566 |  | 792 |  | 5,130 |  | 6,122 |  | 11,252 |
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,747 |  | 2,632 |  | 1,542 |  | 2,757 |  | 3,857 |  | 12,535 |  | (6,122 | ) | 6,413 |

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The following table summarized the variances for our segments for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 to the nine months ended September 30, 2018:

| Variances
| International and Global Accounts | Enterprise | Small and Medium Business | Wholesale | Consumer | Total Segments | Operations and Other | Total
| (Dollars in millions)
Total Revenue | $ | (38 | ) | 3 |  | (163 | ) | (243 | ) | (393 | ) | (834 | ) | — |  | (834 | )
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | (3 | ) | 32 |  | 1 |  | (71 | ) | (153 | ) | (194 | ) | (455 | ) | (649 | )
Selling, general and administrative | 7 |  | (12 | ) | (28 | ) | (3 | ) | (74 | ) | (110 | ) | (358 | ) | (468 | )
Less: share-based compensation | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | — |  | 30 |  | 30 |
Total expense | 4 |  | 20 |  | (27 | ) | (74 | ) | (227 | ) | (304 | ) | (783 | ) | (1,087 | )
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | (42 | ) | (17 | ) | (136 | ) | (169 | ) | (166 | ) | (530 | ) | 783 |  | 253 |

For additional information on our reportable segments and product and services categories, see Note 11—Segment Information to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.
International and Global Accounts Management, Enterprise, Small and Medium Business and Wholesale Segments
The operations of these four segments have been, and are expected to continue to be, impacted by several significant trends, including those described below:
Revenue. Our mix of total revenue from these segments continues to migrate from traditional wireline voice services to newer, lower cost more technologically advanced products and services as our business customers increasingly demand integrated data, broadband, hosting and voice services. Our Ethernet-based services in the wholesale market face competition from cable companies and competitive fiber-based telecommunications providers. Demand for our private lines services (including business data services) continues to decline due to our customers' optimization of their networks, industry consolidation and technology migration to higher-speed services. We anticipate continued pricing pressure for our colocation services as our competitors continue to expand their enterprise colocation operations. Sustained expansion in competitive cloud computing offerings by technology companies and other competitors has led to other increased pricing pressure, a migration towards lower-priced cloud-based services and enhanced competition for contracts, and we expect these trends to continue. Customers' demand for new technology has also increased the number of competitors offering services similar to ours. Price compression from each of these above-mentioned competitive pressures has negatively impacted the operating margins of certain business product and service offerings, and we expect this trend to continue. In some instances, we have elected to discontinue certain unprofitable customer relationships. Our traditional wireline revenue has been, and we expect it will continue to be, adversely affected by access line losses and price compression. In particular, our access, local services and long-distance revenue have been, and we expect will continue to be, adversely affected by customer migration to more technologically advanced services, a substantial increase in the use of non-voice communications, industry consolidation and price compression caused by various factors. For example, many of our segment customers are substituting cable, wireless and Voice over Internet Protocol ("VoIP") services for traditional voice telecommunications services, resulting in continued access revenue loss. Although our traditional wireline services generally face fewer direct competitors than certain of our newer, lower cost more advanced products and services, customer migration and, to a lesser degree, price compression from competitive pressures have negatively impacted our traditional wireline revenue and the operating margins of these services. We expect this trend to continue. We expect both equipment sales and professional services revenue and the related costs will fluctuate from year to year as this offering tends to be more sensitive than others to changes in the economy and in spending trends of our federal, state and local government customers, which are subject to unexpected changes in the appropriation process.
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Expenses. Our operating costs also impact the operating margins of all of our above-mentioned services, but to a lesser extent than price compression and customer disconnects. These operating costs include employee costs, sales commissions, software costs on selected services and third-party facility costs. The operating margins of several of our newer, more technologically advanced services are lower than the operating margins on our traditional wireline services, principally because those newer services rely more heavily upon the above-listed support functions. Operating costs, such as third-party facility costs, have also negatively impacted the operating margins of our traditional wireline products and services, but to a lesser extent than customer migration and price compression.
Operating Efficiencies. We continue to evaluate our segment operating structure and focus. This involves balancing our workforce in response to our workload requirements, productivity improvements and changes in industry, competitive, technological and regulatory conditions, while achieving operational efficiencies and improving our processes through automation. However, our ongoing efforts to attract new customers will continue to require that we incur higher costs in some areas, sometimes in advance of realizing the potential benefits of these efforts. We also expect our segments to benefit indirectly from any enhanced efficiencies in our company-wide network operations.
International and Global Accounts Management Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 417 |  |  | 423 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (1 | )%
Transport and Infrastructure | 331 |  |  | 317 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 4 | %
Voice and Collaboration | 96 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 6 |  |  | 7 | %
IT and Managed Services | 55 |  |  | 62 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (11 | )%
Total Revenue | 899 |  |  | 892 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 1 | %
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 269 |  |  | 254 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 6 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 65 |  |  | 62 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 5 | %
Total expense | 334 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 6 | %
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 565 |  |  | 576 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (2 | )%

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| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 1,257 |  |  | 1,294 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Transport and Infrastructure | 984 |  |  | 947 |  |  | 37 |  |  | 4 | %
Voice and Collaboration | 284 |  |  | 285 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — | %
IT and Managed Services | 167 |  |  | 204 |  |  | (37 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Total Revenue | 2,692 |  |  | 2,730 |  |  | (38 | ) |  | (1 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 786 |  |  | 789 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | — | %
Selling, general and administrative | 201 |  |  | 194 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 4 | %
Total expense | 987 |  |  | 983 |  |  | 4 |  |  | — | %
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,705 |  |  | 1,747 |  |  | (42 | ) |  | (2 | )%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the same periods Ended September 30, 2018
Segment revenue increased $7 million, or 1% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and decreased $38 million or 1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018. Excluding the impact of foreign currency fluctuations, segment revenue increased $17 million, or 2% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $4 million or less than 1%, for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to the following factors:

• | For the three month period, IT and managed services declined due to higher churn, and for the nine month period the decline was due to a large contract that terminated in the second quarter of 2018;

• | for both periods, IP and data services declined mostly due to reduced rates and lower traffic; partially offset by;

• | for both periods, transport and infrastructure increased due to expanded services for large customers;

• | for the three month period, voice and collaboration increased due to increased rates.

Segment expenses increased by $18 million, or 6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 primarily due to the increased cost of services and products associated with higher sales volumes and an increase in headcount costs. Segment expenses increased by $4 million, or less than 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase in headcount costs.
Segment adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 63% for both periods in 2019 and 65% and 64% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
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Enterprise Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 691 |  |  | 659 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 5 | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 405 |  |  | 374 |  |  | 31 |  |  | 8 | %
Voice and Collaboration | 395 |  |  | 395 |  |  | — |  |  | — | %
IT and Managed Services | 59 |  |  | 77 |  |  | (18 | ) |  | (23 | )%
Total Revenue | 1,550 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 45 |  |  | 3 | %
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 544 |  |  | 491 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 11 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 134 |  |  | 141 |  |  | (7 | ) |  | (5 | )%
Total expense | 678 |  |  | 632 |  |  | 46 |  |  | 7 | %
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 872 |  |  | 873 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | — | %

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 2,060 |  |  | 1,991 |  |  | 69 |  |  | 3 | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 1,137 |  |  | 1,154 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (1 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 1,182 |  |  | 1,203 |  |  | (21 | ) |  | (2 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 199 |  |  | 227 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (12 | )%
Total Revenue | 4,578 |  |  | 4,575 |  |  | 3 |  |  | — | %
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 1,537 |  |  | 1,505 |  |  | 32 |  |  | 2 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 426 |  |  | 438 |  |  | (12 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Total expense | 1,963 |  |  | 1,943 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 1 | %
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,615 |  |  | 2,632 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (1 | )%

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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the same periods Ended September 30, 2018
Segment revenue increased $45 million or 3% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $3 million or less than 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, due to the following factors:

• | For both periods, IP and data services revenue increased, driven mainly by continued increase in demand, increased rates, and lower credit reserves;

• | for the three month period, transport and infrastructure increased mainly due to revenue from strength in federal business and installations from enterprise sales in prior quarters;

• | for the nine month period, transport and infrastructure declined due to decreased equipment sales in addition to lower professional services revenue, coupled with the impact of the United States Federal Government shut down for a portion of the nine month period;

• | for the nine month period, voice and collaboration declined, driven by a combination of customers discontinuing traditional voice TDM products and lower rates on customers transitioning to VoIP;

• | for both periods, IT and managed services declined mainly from disconnects due to technology transitions.

Segment expenses increased by $46 million or 7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $20 million or 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to:

• | For both periods, cost of services and products increased primarily driven by higher expenses associated with the higher regulatory fee rates and higher network related costs. Equipment related expenses were up as well for the three month period, however they were down for the nine month period;

• | for both periods selling, general and administrative costs decreased due to lower headcount costs and commissions partially offset by increased professional fees.

Segment adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 56% and 57% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 and 58% for both periods in 2018, respectively.
Small and Medium Business Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 295 |  |  | 294 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 106 |  |  | 117 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (9 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 322 |  |  | 361 |  |  | (39 | ) |  | (11 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 11 |  |  | 13 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (15 | )%
Total Revenue | 734 |  |  | 785 |  |  | (51 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 155 |  |  | 154 |  |  | 1 |  |  | 1 | %
Selling, general and administrative | 112 |  |  | 129 |  |  | (17 | ) |  | (13 | )%
Total expense | 267 |  |  | 283 |  |  | (16 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 467 |  |  | 502 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (7 | )%

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| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 885 |  |  | 884 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 319 |  |  | 362 |  |  | (43 | ) |  | (12 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 986 |  |  | 1,101 |  |  | (115 | ) |  | (10 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 35 |  |  | 41 |  |  | (6 | ) |  | (15 | )%
Total Revenue | 2,225 |  |  | 2,388 |  |  | (163 | ) |  | (7 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 455 |  |  | 454 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — | %
Selling, general and administrative | 364 |  |  | 392 |  |  | (28 | ) |  | (7 | )%
Total expense | 819 |  |  | 846 |  |  | (27 | ) |  | (3 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,406 |  |  | 1,542 |  |  | (136 | ) |  | (9 | )%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the same periods Ended September 30, 2018
Segment revenue decreased $51 million or 6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $163 million, or 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to the following factors:

• | For both periods, lower voice and collaboration revenue as customers continue to migrate from traditional TDM voice to VoIP type services at lower rates;

• | for both periods, lower transport and infrastructure revenue impacted by continued net losses of customers.

Segment expenses decreased by $16 million or 6% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $27 million or 3% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to:

• | For both periods, lower employee compensation due to lower headcount, in addition to

• | lower commissions for both periods.

Segment adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 64% and 63% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to 64% and 65% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
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Wholesale Segment

| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 357 |  |  | 348 |  |  | 9 |  |  | 3 | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 467 |  |  | 537 |  |  | (70 | ) |  | (13 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 200 |  |  | 210 |  |  | (10 | ) |  | (5 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 1 |  |  | 2 |  |  | (1 | ) |  | (50 | )%
Total Revenue | 1,025 |  |  | 1,097 |  |  | (72 | ) |  | (7 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 144 |  |  | 158 |  |  | (14 | ) |  | (9 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 21 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 3 |  |  | 17 | %
Total expense | 165 |  |  | 176 |  |  | (11 | ) |  | (6 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 860 |  |  | 921 |  |  | (61 | ) |  | (7 | )%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
IP and Data Services | $ | 1,037 |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | 1 |  |  | — | %
Transport and Infrastructure | 1,450 |  |  | 1,614 |  |  | (164 | ) |  | (10 | )%
Voice and Collaboration | 589 |  |  | 667 |  |  | (78 | ) |  | (12 | )%
IT and Managed Services | 4 |  |  | 6 |  |  | (2 | ) |  | (33 | )%
Total Revenue | 3,080 |  |  | 3,323 |  |  | (243 | ) |  | (7 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 430 |  |  | 501 |  |  | (71 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 62 |  |  | 65 |  |  | (3 | ) |  | (5 | )%
Total expense | 492 |  |  | 566 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (13 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 2,588 |  |  | 2,757 |  |  | (169 | ) |  | (6 | )%

Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the same periods Ended September 30, 2018
Segment revenue decreased $72 million or 7% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $243 million or 7% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to the following factors:

• | For both periods, transport and infrastructure revenue declined, primarily driven by customer network consolidation and grooming, market rate compression and higher discounts; and

• | for both periods, voice and collaboration product declined due to a combination of market rate compression and customer volume losses resulting from insourcing and industry consolidation, in addition for the nine months period the reduction of unprofitable customer relationships.

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Segment expenses decreased by $11 million, or 6%, for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $74 million, or 13% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to cost of services and products decline commensurate with the revenue decline, network grooming, revenue product mix and operating synergies.
Segment adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 84% for both periods in 2019 and 84% and 83% for three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
Consumer Segment
The operations of our consumer segment have been, and are expected to continue to be, impacted by several significant trends, including those described below:
Revenue. In order to remain competitive and attract additional residential broadband subscribers, we believe it is important to continually increase our broadband network's scope and transmission speeds. As a result, we continue to invest in our broadband network, which allows for the delivery of higher-speed broadband services to a greater number of customers. We compete in a maturing broadband market in which most consumers already have broadband services and growth rates in new subscribers have slowed or declined. Moreover, as described further in Item 1A of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, certain competitors continue to provide broadband services at higher average transmission speeds than ours or through advanced wireless data service offerings, both of which we believe have impacted the competitiveness of certain of our broadband offerings in certain of our markets. Our voice revenue has been, and we expect they will continue to be, adversely affected by access line losses and lower long-distance voice service volumes. Intense competition and product substitution continue to drive our access line losses. For example, many consumers are substituting cable and wireless voice services and electronic mail, texting and social networking non-voice services for traditional voice telecommunications services. We expect our video revenue to continue to decline, particularly due to our decision to discontinue active marketing of our facilities-based video services in light of competitive pressures and escalating content costs. The demand for new technology has increased the number of competitors offering services similar to ours. Price compression and new technology from our competitors have negatively impacted the operating margins of our newer, more technologically advanced products and services. We expect that these factors and trends will continue to negatively impact our consumer business. Customer migration and price compression from competitive pressures have not only negatively impacted our traditional wireline services revenue, but they have also negatively impacted the operating margins of these services and we expect this trend to continue.
Expenses. Operating costs also impact the operating margins of these services. These operating costs include employee costs, marketing and advertising expenses, sales commissions and TV content costs. We believe increases in operating costs have generally had a greater impact on our operating margins of our newer, more technologically advanced products and services as compared to our traditional wireline services, principally because our newer, more technologically advanced products and services rely more heavily upon the above-listed operating expenses. Operating costs also tend to impact our traditional wireline products and services operating margins to a lesser extent than our newer, more technologically advanced products and services as noted above.
Operating efficiencies. We continue to evaluate our segment operating structure and focus. This involves balancing our workforce in response to our workload requirements, productivity improvements and changes in industry, competitive, technological and regulatory conditions. Following a review of our retail customers’ order preferences, we elected to close during the fourth quarter of 2018 substantially all of our remaining retail stores in an effort to reduce operating costs and to redeploy capital to higher growth initiatives. We also expect our consumer segment to benefit indirectly from any enhanced efficiencies in our company-wide network operations.
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| Three Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Broadband | $ | 718 |  |  | 702 |  |  | 16 |  |  | 2 | %
Voice | 462 |  |  | 565 |  |  | (103 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Regulatory | 157 |  |  | 181 |  |  | (24 | ) |  | (13 | )%
Other | 61 |  |  | 91 |  |  | (30 | ) |  | (33 | )%
Total Revenue | 1,398 |  |  | 1,539 |  |  | (141 | ) |  | (9 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 80 |  |  | 115 |  |  | (35 | ) |  | (30 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 102 |  |  | 124 |  |  | (22 | ) |  | (18 | )%
Total expense | 182 |  |  | 239 |  |  | (57 | ) |  | (24 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 1,216 |  |  | 1,300 |  |  | (84 | ) |  | (6 | )%

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Increase/(Decrease) |  | % Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |  |
| (Dollars in millions) |  |
Revenue: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Broadband | $ | 2,158 |  |  | 2,119 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 2 | %
Voice | 1,428 |  |  | 1,668 |  |  | (240 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Regulatory | 474 |  |  | 549 |  |  | (75 | ) |  | (14 | )%
Other | 196 |  |  | 313 |  |  | (117 | ) |  | (37 | )%
Total Revenue | 4,256 |  |  | 4,649 |  |  | (393 | ) |  | (8 | )%
Expenses: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of services and products | 244 |  |  | 397 |  |  | (153 | ) |  | (39 | )%
Selling, general and administrative | 321 |  |  | 395 |  |  | (74 | ) |  | (19 | )%
Total expense | 565 |  |  | 792 |  |  | (227 | ) |  | (29 | )%
Total adjusted EBITDA | $ | 3,691 |  |  | 3,857 |  |  | (166 | ) |  | (4 | )%

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Three and Nine Months Ended September 30, 2019 Compared to the same periods Ended September 30, 2018
Segment revenue decreased $141 million or 9% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $393 million or 8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to the following factors:

• | For both periods, decreases in our voice, other and regulatory revenue driven by continued net losses of customers, active discontinuance of video services marketing and the derecognition of our prior failed sales leaseback;

• | for both periods, decline in usage of our traditional voice telecommunications services for the reasons described above; partially offset by

• | for both periods, an increase in Broadband revenue.

Segment expenses decreased by $57 million or 24% for the three months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018 and $227 million or 29% for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared to September 30, 2018, primarily due to the following factors:

• | For both periods, reduction in headcount costs;

• | for both periods, decreased marketing expenses; and

• | lower TV content costs for both periods.

Segment adjusted EBITDA as a percentage of revenue was 87% for both periods in 2019 and 84% and 83% for three and nine months ended September 30, 2018, respectively.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Overview of Sources and Uses of Cash
We are a holding company that is dependent on the capital resources of our subsidiaries to satisfy our parent company liquidity requirements. Several of our significant operating subsidiaries have borrowed funds either on a standalone basis or as part of a separate restricted group with certain of their respective subsidiaries or affiliates. The terms of the instruments governing the indebtedness of these borrowers or borrowing groups may restrict our ability to access their accumulated cash. In addition, our ability to access the liquidity of these and other subsidiaries may be limited by tax and legal considerations and other factors.
Our executive officers and our Board of Directors periodically review our sources and potential uses of cash, particularly in connection with our budgeting processes. Generally speaking, our principal funding source is cash from operating activities, and our principal cash requirements include operating expenses, capital expenditures, income taxes, debt repayments, dividends, periodic pension contributions and other benefits payments.
Based on our current capital allocation objectives, during 2019 we project expending approximately $3.5 billion to $3.8 billion (excluding integration and transformation capital) of cash for capital investment in property, plant and equipment and approximately $270 million of cash for dividends per quarter on our common stock (based on the assumptions described below under "Dividends"). At September 30, 2019, we had debt maturities of $1.1 billion, scheduled debt amortization payments of $164 million, scheduled debt redemptions of $400 million and finance lease and other fixed payments of $32 million, each due during the next twelve months. Each of these commitments are described further below. Additionally, on October 17, 2019 CenturyLink announced that its subsidiary, Level 3 Parent, LLC, will redeem all $600 million outstanding principal amount of its 5.75% Senior Notes due 2022 on December 1, 2019.
At September 30, 2019, we held cash and cash equivalents of $1.4 billion, and we had approximately $1.5 billion of borrowing capacity available under our revolving credit facility. We had approximately $73 million of cash and cash equivalents outside the United States at September 30, 2019. We currently believe we have the ability to repatriate cash and cash equivalents into the United States without paying or accruing U.S. taxes (subject to complying with applicable currency, repatriation or similar laws or limitations).
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We will continue to monitor our future sources and uses of cash, and anticipate that we will make adjustments to our capital allocation strategies when, as and if determined by our Board of Directors. We typically use our revolving credit facility as a source of liquidity for operating activities and other corporate purposes.
For additional information, see "Risk Factors—Risks Affecting Our Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 1A of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Capital Expenditures
We incur capital expenditures on an ongoing basis in order to enhance and modernize our networks, compete effectively in our markets, expand and improve our service offerings and comply with regulatory requirements. We evaluate capital expenditure projects based on a variety of factors, including expected strategic impacts (such as forecasted impact on revenue growth, productivity, expenses, service levels and customer retention) and our expected return on investment. The amount of capital investment is influenced by, among other things, demand for our services and products, cash flow generated by operating activities, cash required for other purposes and regulatory considerations (such as our CAF Phase II infrastructure buildout requirements). Based on current circumstances, we estimate that our total capital expenditures for 2019 will be approximately $3.5 billion to $3.8 billion, inclusive of CAF Phase II related capital expenditures, but excluding integration and transformation capital.
Our capital expenditures continue to be focused on maintaining the operating efficiency of our network and supporting new service developments. For more information on our capital spending, see "Historical Information—Investing Activities" below and Item 1 of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Debt and Other Financing Arrangements
Subject to market conditions, we expect to continue to issue debt instruments from time to time in the future to refinance a substantial portion of our maturing debt, including issuing Qwest Corporation and Level 3 Financing, Inc. debt instruments to refinance their maturing debt to the extent we deem appropriate and feasible. The availability, interest rate and other terms of any new borrowings will depend on the ratings assigned by credit rating agencies, among other factors. Also subject to market conditions, we expect from time to time to retire debt securities prior to their maturity.
As of September 30, 2019, the credit ratings for the senior unsecured debt and senior secured debt of CenturyLink, Inc. and Level 3 Financing, Inc., as well as the senior unsecured debt of Qwest Corporation and Level 3 Parent, LLC were as follows:
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Borrower |  | Moody's Investors Service, Inc. |  | Standard & Poor's |  | Fitch Ratings
CenturyLink, Inc.: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured |  | B2 |  | B+ |  | BB
Secured |  | Ba3 |  | BBB- |  | BB+
Qwest Corporation: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured |  | Ba2 |  | BBB- |  | BB+
Level 3 Parent, LLC: |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured |  | B1 |  | B+ |  | BB
Level 3 Financing, Inc. |  |  |  |  |  |
Unsecured |  | Ba3 |  | BB |  | BB
Secured |  | Ba1 |  | BBB- |  | BBB-

Our credit ratings are reviewed and adjusted from time to time by the rating agencies. Any future downgrades of the senior unsecured or secured debt ratings of us or our subsidiaries could impact our access to debt capital or further raise our borrowing costs. See "Risk Factors—Risks Affecting our Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 1A of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
Net Operating Losses
As of December 31, 2018, CenturyLink had approximately $7.3 billion of federal net operating loss carryforwards ("NOLs"), which for U.S. federal income tax purposes can be used to offset future taxable income. These NOLs are primarily related to federal NOLs we acquired through the Level 3 acquisition on November 1, 2017 and are subject to limitations under Section 382 of the Internal Revenue Code ("Code") and related U.S. Treasury Department regulations. In the first half of 2019, we entered into a Section 382 rights agreement designed to safeguard our ability to use those NOLs. Assuming that we can continue using these NOLs in the amounts projected, we expect to significantly reduce our federal cash taxes for the next several years. The amounts of our near-term future tax payments will depend upon many factors, including our future earnings and tax circumstances and results of any corporate tax reform. Given these uncertainties, we cannot provide any assurances as to the amounts of our gross or net future federal cash tax obligations.
Dividends
We currently expect to continue our current practice of paying quarterly cash dividends in respect of our common stock subject to our Board of Directors' discretion to modify or terminate this practice at any time and for any reason without prior notice. Our current quarterly common stock dividend rate is $0.25 per share, as approved by our Board of Directors, which we believe is a dividend rate per share which enables us to balance our multiple objectives of managing our business, paying our fixed commitments and returning a substantial portion of our cash to our shareholders. Assuming continued payment during 2019 at this rate of $0.25 per share, our average total dividend paid each quarter would be approximately $270 million based on the number of our outstanding shares at September 30, 2019.
Revolving Facilities and Other Debt Instruments
To substantially fund our acquisition of Level 3 in 2017 one of our affiliates entered into a credit agreement (the "2017 CenturyLink Credit Agreement") which currently provides for $10.0 billion in senior secured credit facilities. These facilities include a $2.2 billion revolving credit facility with $700 million outstanding as of September 30, 2019 and $8.0 billion of term loan facilities with $7.8 billion outstanding as of September 30, 2019. For additional information, see (i) Note 5—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report and (ii) Note 6—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities in Item 8 of Part II of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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At September 30, 2019, we had $82 million of letters of credit outstanding under our $225 million uncommitted letter of credit facility.
Additionally, as of September 30, 2019, we had outstanding letters of credit or other similar obligations of approximately $24 million of which $18 million is collateralized by cash that is reflected on our consolidated balance sheets as restricted cash.
For information on the terms and conditions of other debt instruments of ours and our subsidiaries, including financial and operating covenants, see Note 5—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report.
Pension and Post-retirement Benefit Obligations
We are subject to material obligations under our existing defined benefit pension plans and post-retirement benefit plans. At December 31, 2018, the accounting unfunded status of our qualified and non-qualified defined benefit pension plans and qualified post-retirement benefit plans was $1.6 billion and $3.0 billion, respectively. For additional information about our pension and post-retirement benefit arrangements, see "Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates - Pensions and Post-Retirement Benefits" in Item 7 of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and see Note 10—Employee Benefits to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of the same report.
Benefits paid by our qualified pension plan are paid through a trust that holds all of the plan's assets. Based on current laws and circumstances, we do not expect any contributions to be required for our qualified pension plan during 2019. The amount of required contributions to our qualified pension plan in 2020 and beyond will depend on a variety of factors, most of which are beyond our control, including earnings on plan investments, prevailing interest rates, demographic experience, changes in plan benefits and changes in funding laws and regulations. We occasionally make voluntary contributions in addition to required contributions. However, based on current circumstances, we do not anticipate making a voluntary contribution to the trust for our qualified pension plan in 2019.
Substantially all of our post-retirement health care and life insurance benefits plans are unfunded. Several trusts hold assets that have been used to help cover the health care costs of certain retirees. As of December 31, 2018, assets in the post-retirement trusts had been substantially depleted and had a fair value of only $18 million (a portion of which was comprised of investments with restricted liquidity), which has significantly limited our ability to continue paying benefits from the trusts; however, we plan to continue to pay certain benefits through the trusts. Benefits not paid from the trusts are expected to be paid directly by us with available cash. As described further in Note 10—Employee Benefits to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of our most recent annual report on Form 10-K, aggregate benefits paid by us under these plans (net of participant contributions and direct subsidy receipts) were $249 million, $237 million and $129 million for the years ended December 31, 2018, 2017 and 2016, respectively, while the amounts paid from the trust were $4 million, $31 million and $145 million, respectively. For additional information on our expected future benefits payments for our post-retirement benefit plans, please see Note 10—Employee Benefits to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of our annual report Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
For 2019, our estimated annual long-term rates of return, net of administrative costs, are 6.5% and 4.0% for the pension plan trust assets and post-retirement plans trust assets, respectively, based on the assets currently held. However, actual returns could be substantially different.
Future Contractual Obligations
For information regarding our estimated future contractual obligations, see the MD&A discussion included in Item 7 of Part II of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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Connect America Fund
As a result of accepting CAF Phase 2 support payments, we must meet certain specified infrastructure buildout requirements in 33 states over the next several years. In order to meet these specified infrastructure buildout requirements, we may be obligated to make substantial capital expenditures. See "Capital Expenditures" above.
For additional information on the FCC's CAF order and the USF program, see "Business—Regulation" in Item 1 of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 and "Risk Factors—Risks Affecting our Liquidity and Capital Resources" in Item 1A of Part I of the same annual report. The FCC released a Notice of Proposed Rulemaking on August 1, 2019 to begin the process of developing rules for the Rural Digital Opportunity Fund which is expected to ultimately succeed CAF Phase 2. The content, timing and final implementation rules and the impact on CenturyLink are not known at this time.
Historical Information
The following table summarizes our consolidated cash flow activities:

| Nine Months Ended September 30, |  | Change
| 2019 |  | 2018 |
| (Dollars in millions)
Net cash provided by operating activities | $ | 4,771 |  |  | 5,036 |  |  | (265 | )
Net cash used in investing activities | (2,671 | ) |  | (2,196 | ) |  | 475 |
Net cash used in financing activities | (1,187 | ) |  | (3,007 | ) |  | (1,820 | )

Operating Activities
Net cash provided by operating activities decreased by $265 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to an increase in prepaid expenses as well as a decrease in accrued expenses and accounts payable, partially offset by a decrease in cash payments on retirement benefits. Cash provided by operating activities is subject to variability period over period as a result of the timing of the collection of receivables and payments related to interest expense, accounts payable, and bonuses.
Investing Activities
Net cash used in our investing activities increased by $475 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018 substantially due to an increase in capital expenditures.
Financing Activities
Net cash used in financing activities decreased $1.8 billion for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 as compared to the nine months ended September 30, 2018, primarily due to the decrease in dividends which reflect the decrease of the per share dividend amount to $0.75 for the nine months ended September 30, 2019 from the $1.62 per share amount for the nine months ended September 30, 2018, and net proceeds from issuance of long-term debt during the nine months ended September 30, 2019 compared nine months ended September 30, 2018.
See Note 5—Long-Term Debt and Credit Facilities to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional information on our outstanding debt securities.
Other Matters
We are subject to various legal proceedings and other contingent liabilities that individually or in the aggregate could materially affect our financial condition, future results of operations or cash flows. See Note 12—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items for additional information.
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Market Risk
As of September 30, 2019, we were exposed to market risk from changes in interest rates on our variable rate long-term debt obligations and fluctuations in certain foreign currencies. We seek to maintain a favorable mix of fixed and variable rate debt in an effort to limit interest costs and cash flow volatility resulting from changes in rates.
Management periodically reviews our exposure to interest rate fluctuations and periodically implements strategies to manage the exposure. From time to time, we have used derivative instruments to (i) lock-in or swap our exposure to changing or variable interest rates for fixed interest rates or (ii) to swap obligations to pay fixed interest rates for variable interest rates. We have established policies and procedures for risk assessment and the approval, reporting and monitoring of derivative instrument activities.
In February 2019, we executed swap transactions that reduced our exposure to floating rates with respect to $2.5 billion principal amount of floating rate debt. In June 2019, we executed swap transactions that reduced our exposure to floating rates with respect to $1.5 billion principal amount of floating rate debt. See Note 10—Derivative Financial Instruments to our consolidated financial statements in Item 1 of Part I of this report for additional disclosure regarding the Company’s hedging arrangements.
As of September 30, 2019, we had approximately $13.2 billion floating rate debt governed by the London Inter-Bank Offered Rate (LIBOR), $4.0 billion of which was subject to the above-described hedging arrangements. A hypothetical increase of 100 basis points in LIBOR relating to our $9.2 billion of unhedged floating rate debt would, among other things, decrease our annual pre-tax earnings by approximately $92 million.
We conduct a portion of our business in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, the currency in which our consolidated financial statements are reported. Accordingly, our operating results could be adversely affected by foreign currency exchange rate volatility relative to the U.S. dollar. Our European subsidiaries and certain Latin American subsidiaries use the local currency as their functional currency, as the majority of their revenue and purchases are transacted in their local currencies. Certain Latin American countries previously designated as highly inflationary economies use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Although we continue to evaluate strategies to mitigate risks related to the effect of fluctuations in currency exchange rates, we will likely continue to recognize gains or losses from international transactions. Changes in foreign currency rates could adversely affect our operating results.
Certain shortcomings are inherent in the method of analysis presented in the computation of exposures to market risks. Actual values may differ materially from those disclosed by us from time to time if market conditions vary from the assumptions used in the analyses performed. These analyses only incorporate the risk exposures that existed at September 30, 2019.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
As of September 30, 2019, we had no special purpose or limited purpose entities that provide off-balance sheet financing, liquidity, or market or credit risk support and we did not engage in hedging or other similar activities that expose us to any significant liabilities that are not (i) reflected on the face of the consolidated financial statements, (ii) disclosed in Note 17—Commitments and Contingencies and Other Items to our consolidated financial statements in Item 8 of Part II of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018, or in the Future Contractual Obligations table included in Item 7 of Part II of the same report, or (iii) discussed under the heading "Market Risk" above.
Other Information
Our website is www.centurylink.com. We routinely post important investor information in the "Investor Relations" section of our website at ir.centurylink.com. The information contained on, or that may be accessed through, our website is not part of this quarterly report. You may obtain free electronic copies of our annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K and all amendments to those reports in the "Investor Relations" section of our website (ir.centurylink.com) under the headings "FINANCIALS" and "SEC Filings." These reports are available on our website as soon as reasonably practicable after we electronically file them with the SEC. From time to time, we also use our website to webcast our earnings calls and certain of our meetings with investors or other members of the investment community.
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ITEM 3. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
See "Liquidity and Capital resources—Market Risk" in Item 2 of Part I above.
ITEM 4. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
Disclosure Controls and Procedures
We maintain disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rule 13a-15(e) promulgated under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 (the “Exchange Act”)) designed to provide reasonable assurance that the information required to be disclosed by the Company in the reports that it files or furnishes under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized, and reported within the time periods specified in the SEC’s rules and forms. These include controls and procedures designed to ensure that this information is accumulated and communicated to the Company’s management, including its Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, as appropriate to allow timely decisions regarding required disclosure. Management, with the participation of our Chief Executive Officer, Jeff K. Storey, and our Executive Vice President and Chief Financial Officer, Indraneel Dev, evaluated the effectiveness of the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures as of September 30, 2019. Based on this evaluation, the Company’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer concluded that the Company’s disclosure controls and procedures were not effective, as of September 30, 2019, due to the material weakness in internal control over financial reporting that was disclosed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended in December 31, 2018 related to the existence and accuracy of our revenue transactions.
Remediation Plans
As previously described in Part II, Item 9A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 31, 2018, we began implementing remediation plans to address both of the material weaknesses described in that report. During the second quarter, we remediated our material weakness related to the ineffective design and operation of process level internal controls over the fair value measurement of certain assets acquired and liabilities assumed from Level 3.
The remaining material weakness relates to our ineffective design and operation of certain process level internal controls over the existence and accuracy of revenue transactions. This material weakness will not be considered remediated until we have designed and implemented sufficient process level controls and the applicable controls operate for a sufficient period of time such that management has concluded, through testing, that these controls are operating effectively. Based on our progress to date, we expect that the remediation of this material weakness will be completed as of December 31, 2019.
Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
There have been no changes in the Company’s internal control over financial reporting (as defined in Rules 13a-15(f) or 15d-15(f) of the Exchange Act) that occurred during the third quarter of 2019 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. We currently expect, however, to complete the implementation of changes in our internal control over financial reporting during the fourth quarter of 2019 in connection with the remediation efforts discussed above.
Inherent Limitations of Internal Controls
The effectiveness of our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures is subject to certain limitations, including the exercise of judgment in designing, implementing and evaluating the controls and procedures, the assumptions used in identifying the likelihood of future events and the inability to eliminate misconduct completely. As a result, there can be no assurance that our disclosure controls and procedures will detect all errors or fraud. By their nature, our or any system of disclosure controls and procedures can provide only reasonable assurance regarding management's control objectives.
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PART II—OTHER INFORMATION
ITEM 1. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
The information contained in Note 12—Commitments, Contingencies and Other Items included in Item 1 of Part I of this quarterly report on Form 10-Q is incorporated herein by reference. The ultimate outcome of the matters described in Note 12 may differ materially from the outcomes anticipated, estimated, projected or implied by us in certain of our statements appearing in such Note, and proceedings currently viewed as immaterial by us may ultimately materially impact us. For more information, see “Risk Factors—Risks Relating to Legal and Regulatory Matters—Our pending legal proceedings could have a material adverse impact on our financial condition and operating results, on the trading price of our securities and on our ability to access the capital markets” in Item 1A of Part I of our annual report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
Our operations and financial results are subject to various risks and uncertainties, which could adversely affect our business, financial condition or future results. In addition to the other information set forth in this report, you should carefully consider the risk factors discussed in Part I, Item 1A of our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018.
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ITEM 2. UNREGISTERED SALES OF EQUITY SECURITIES AND USE OF PROCEEDS
Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities
The following table contains information about shares of our previously-issued common stock that we withheld from employees upon vesting of their stock-based awards during the third quarter of 2019 to satisfy the related tax withholding obligations:

| Total Number of Shares Withheld for Taxes |  | Average Price Paid Per Share
Period |  |  |
Jul-19 | 414,780 |  |  | $ | 11.68 |
Aug-19 | 105,667 |  |  | 11.67 |
Sep-19 | 26,221 |  |  | 11.46 |
Total | 546,668 |  |  |

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ITEM 6. EXHIBITS
Exhibits identified in parentheses below are on file with the SEC and are incorporated herein by reference. All other exhibits are provided as part of this electronic submission.

Exhibit Number | Description
31.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of CenturyLink, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
31.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of CenturyLink, Inc. pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.1* | Certification of the Chief Executive Officer of CenturyLink, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
32.2* | Certification of the Chief Financial Officer of CenturyLink, Inc. pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002.
101* | Financial statements from the Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q of CenturyLink, Inc. for the period ended September 30, 2019, formatted in Inline XBRL: (i) the Consolidated Statements of Operations, (ii) the Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income (Loss), (iii) the Consolidated Balance Sheets, (iv) the Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows, (v) the Consolidated Statements of Stockholders' Equity and (vi) the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
104* | Cover page formatted as Inline XBRL and contained in Exhibit 101.

_______________________________________________________________________________

* | Exhibit filed herewith.

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SIGNATURE
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized on November 7, 2019.

| CENTURYLINK, INC.
| By: | /s/ Eric J. Mortensen
| Eric J. Mortensen Senior Vice President - Controller (Principal Accounting Officer)

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