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Income Taxes
9 Months Ended
Oct. 31, 2018
Income Tax Disclosure [Abstract]  
Income Taxes

7. Income Taxes

The new federal tax legislation commonly referred to as the U.S. Tax Cut and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”) enacted on December 22, 2017 (the “Enactment Date”) introduced significant changes to U.S. income tax law. Effective for tax years beginning on or after January 1, 2018, the Tax Act reduced the U.S. federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% and created new taxes on certain foreign-sourced earnings and certain intercompany payments.

The Company’s effective tax rate for the three months ended October 31, 2018 was 20.6% of income before income taxes compared to 37.4% of income before income taxes in the three months ended October 31, 2017. The Company’s effective tax rate for the nine months ended October 31, 2018 was 21.7% of income before income taxes compared to 37.2% of income before income taxes in the nine months ended October 31, 2017. The decrease in the effective tax rate for the three and nine months ended October 31, 2018, compared with the same periods in 2017, was primarily affected by the Tax Act, which reduced the Company’s income tax rate to 21%, and by the favorable impact of share-based award activity and certain other discrete items occurring in the fiscal 2019 periods.

Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 118 (“SAB 118”) issued by the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission allows registrants to record provisional estimates for the Tax Act during a measurement period not to exceed one year from the Enactment Date. Due to the timing of the enactment and the complexity involved in applying the provisions of the Tax Act, the Company made reasonable estimates of the effects and recorded provisional amounts in its financial statements as of January 31, 2018 amounting to a net expense of $64,705. The impacts of the Tax Act may differ from the Company’s provisional estimates due to many factors, including, but not limited to, changes to its interpretations of the provisions in the Tax Act; guidance that may be issued; and actions that the Company may take.

For the three and nine months ended October 31, 2018, the Company recorded an additional measurement-period adjustment to its provisional estimate for the deemed repatriation transition tax obligation, with an immaterial impact to income tax expense. The Company has not made any measurement-period adjustments related to reduction of U.S. federal corporate tax rate or global intangibles low-tax income and amounts remain provisional. The Company is still evaluating the effects of the Tax Act’s provisions on its consolidated financial statements; however, the Company expects to complete its evaluation within the applicable measurement period, pursuant to SAB 118. As such, the Company’s provisional estimates for the Tax Act could change significantly within this period, resulting in a material impact to its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows. The accounting for the tax effects of the Tax Act will be completed during fiscal 2019.

Each year, the Company files income tax returns in U.S. federal and state jurisdictions and non-U.S. jurisdictions. These tax returns are subject to examination and possible challenge by taxing authorities. Positions challenged by the taxing authorities may be settled or appealed by the Company. As a result, income tax uncertainties are recognized in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements in accordance with accounting for income taxes under FASB Accounting Standards Codification 740, Income Taxes, when applicable.