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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2023

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Name of Registrant, State of Incorporation, Address Of Principal Executive Offices, Telephone Number, Commission File No., IRS Employer Identification No.

PNM Resources, Inc.
(A New Mexico Corporation)
414 Silver Ave. SW
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3289
Telephone Number - (505) 241-2700
Commission File No. - 001-32462
IRS Employer Identification No. - 85-0468296
Public Service Company of New Mexico
(A New Mexico Corporation)
414 Silver Ave. SW
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3289
Telephone Number - (505) 241-2700
Commission File No. - 001-06986
IRS Employer Identification No. - 85-0019030
Texas-New Mexico Power Company
(A Texas Corporation)
577 N. Garden Ridge Blvd.
Lewisville, Texas 75067
Telephone Number - (972) 420-4189
Commission File No. - 002-97230
IRS Employer Identification No. - 75-0204070

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Registrant | Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
PNM Resources, Inc. | Common Stock, no par value | PNM | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Registrant |  | Title of each class
Public Service Company of New Mexico |  | 1965 Series, 4.58% Cumulative Preferred Stock
|  | ($100 stated value without sinking fund)

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

| PNM Resources, Inc. (“PNMR”) | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| Public Service Company of New Mexico (“PNM”) | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| Texas-New Mexico Power Company (“TNMP”) | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

Indicate by check mark if each registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

| PNMR | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| PNM | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| TNMP | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

| PNMR | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| TNMP | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

(NOTE: As a voluntary filer, not subject to the filing requirements, TNMP filed all reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months.)
Indicate by check mark whether each registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

| PNMR | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| TNMP | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
PNMR |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |
| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
PNM |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |
| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
TNMP |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

| PNMR | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| TNMP | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. £
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that require a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10 D-1(b). £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of February 16, 2024, shares of common stock outstanding were:

PNMR | 90,200,384 |
PNM | 39,117,799 |
TNMP | 6,358 |

On June 30, 2023, the aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of PNMR as computed by reference to the New York Stock Exchange composite transaction closing price of $45.10 per share reported by The Wall Street Journal, was $3,871,152,817. PNM and TNMP have no common stock held by non-affiliates.
PNM AND TNMP MEET THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS (I) (1) (a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-K AND ARE THEREFORE FILING THIS FORM WITH THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT PURSUANT TO GENERAL INSTRUCTION (I) (2).
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the following document are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report:
Proxy Statement to be filed by PNMR with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the annual meeting of shareholders of PNMR to be held on June 4, 2024.
This combined Form 10-K is separately filed by PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by such registrant on its own behalf. Each registrant makes no representation as to information relating to the other registrants. When this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference into any filing with the SEC made by PNMR, PNM, or TNMP, as a registrant, the portions of this Form 10-K that relate to each other registrant are not incorporated by reference therein.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

|  |  | Page
GLOSSARY |  |  | iii
PART I |
ITEM 1. BUSINESS | A - 1
THE COMPANY | A - 1
WEBSITES | A - 2
OPERATIONS AND REGULATION | A - 2
REGULATED OPERATIONS |
PNM | A - 2
TNMP | A - 4
CORPORATE AND OTHER | A - 5
SOURCES OF POWER | A - 5
FUEL SUPPLY | A - 8
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS | A - 9
COMPETITION | A - 10
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES | A - 10
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | A - 11
SECURITIES ACT DISCLAIMER | A - 12
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | A - 12
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | A - 21
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY |  |  | A - 21
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES | A - 22
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | A - 23
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | A - 23
SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF PNM RESOURCES, INC. | A - 23
PART II |
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR PNMR’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER |
MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | A - 24
ITEM 6. [RESERVED] | A - 24
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | A - 24
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK | A - 56
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | B - 1
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING | C - 1
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | C - 1
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION | C - 2
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS | C - 2
PART III |
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | C - 2
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | C - 2
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND |
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | C - 2
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR |
INDEPENDENCE | C - 2
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | C - 2
PART IV |
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | D - 1
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY | D - 11
SIGNATURES | E - 1

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GLOSSARY

Definitions: |  |
2024 Rate Change |  | PNM’s request for a general increase in electric rates filed with the NMPRC on December 5, 2022 using a calendar year 2024 FTY
ABCWUA |  | Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority
ABO |  | Accumulated Benefit Obligation
ACE Rule |  | Affordable Clean Energy Rule
AEP OnSite Partners |  | AEP OnSite Partners, LLC, a subsidiary of American Electric Power, Inc.
Afton |  | Afton Generating Station
AFUDC |  | Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
AMI |  | Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMS |  | Advanced Meter System
AOCI |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
APBO |  | Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation
APS |  | Arizona Public Service Company, the operator and a co-owner of PVNGS and Four Corners
ARO |  | Asset Retirement Obligation
ARP |  | Alternative Revenue Program
Avangrid |  | Avangrid, Inc., a New York corporation
BART |  | Best Available Retrofit Technology
Board |  | Board of Directors of PNMR
BSER |  | Best system of emission reduction technology
BTU |  | British Thermal Unit
CAA |  | Clean Air Act
CAISO |  | California Independent System Operator
Carbon Pollution Standards |  | Carbon Pollution Standards established by the EPA on August 3, 2015
Casa Mesa Wind |  | Casa Mesa Wind Energy Center
CCAE |  | Coalition for Clean Affordable Energy
CCR |  | Coal Combustion Residuals
CIAC |  | Contributions in Aid of Construction
CO 2 |  | Carbon Dioxide
Community Solar Act |  | Senate Bill 84 effective June 18, 2021
COVID-19 |  | Novel coronavirus global pandemic
CSA |  | Coal Supply Agreement
CWIP |  | Construction work in progress
DC Circuit |  | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
DCRF |  | Distribution cost recovery filing
DOE |  | United States Department of Energy
Effective Time |  | The time the Merger is consummated
EGU |  | Electric Generating Unit
EIM |  | Western Energy Imbalance Market developed and operated by CAISO
ELG |  | Effluent Limitation Guidelines
End Date |  | The date at which the Merger Agreement may be terminated if the Effective Time has not yet occurred; January 20, 2022, subsequently extended to December 31, 2023.
Energy Transition Charge |  | Rate rider established to collect non-bypassable customer charges for repayment of the Securitized Bonds
EPA |  | United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPE |  | El Paso Electric Company
ERCOT |  | Electric Reliability Council of Texas
ESG |  | Environmental, Social, and Governance principles
ETA |  | The New Mexico Energy Transition Act
ETBC I |  | PNM Energy Transition Bond Company I, LLC, formed on August 25, 2023
EUEA |  | The New Mexico Efficient Use of Energy Act
EV |  | Electric Vehicle
Exchange Act |  | Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Farmington |  | The City of Farmington, New Mexico
FASB |  | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FAST Act |  | SEC’s modernization and simplification of Regulation S-K
FERC |  | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission

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Four Corners |  | Four Corners Power Plant
Four Corners Abandonment Application |  | PNM’s January 8, 2021 application for approval for the abandonment of Four Corners and issuance of a securitized financing order
Four Corners CSA |  | Four Corners’ coal supply contract with NTEC
Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement |  | PNM’s pending sale of its 13% ownership interest in Four Corners to NTEC
FPPAC |  | Fuel and Purchased Power Adjustment Clause
FTY |  | Future Test Year
GAAP |  | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America
GHG |  | Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Grid Modernization Application |  | PNM’s October 3, 2022 application for approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy
GWh |  | Gigawatt hours
IBEW |  | International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
Iberdrola |  | Iberdrola, S.A., a corporation organized under the laws of the Kingdom of Spain, and 81.5% owner of Avangrid
INDC |  | Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
IRA |  | Inflation Reduction Act
IRC |  | Internal Revenue Code
IRP |  | Integrated Resource Plan
IRS |  | Internal Revenue Service
ISFSI |  | Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
kV |  | Kilovolt
KW |  | Kilowatt
KWh |  | Kilowatt Hour
La Joya Wind I |  | La Joya Wind Facility generating 166 MW of output that became operational in February 2021
La Joya Wind II |  | La Joya Wind Facility generating 140 MW of output that became operational in June 2021
La Luz |  | La Luz Generating Station
Leased Interest |  | Leased capacity in PVNGS Unit 1 and Unit 2
Lightning Dock Geothermal |  | Lightning Dock geothermal power facility, also known as the Dale Burgett Geothermal Plant
Lordsburg |  | Lordsburg Generating Station
Luna |  | Luna Energy Facility
MD&A |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Merger |  | The merger of Merger Sub with and into PNMR pursuant to the Merger Agreement, with PNMR surviving the Merger as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid
Merger Agreement |  | The Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 20, 2020, between PNMR, Avangrid and Merger Sub, as amended by the amendment to the Merger Agreement dated January 3, 2022
Merger Sub |  | NM Green Holdings, Inc., a New Mexico corporation and wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid which will merge with and into PNMR at the effective time of the Merger (defined above)
Meta |  | Meta Platform, Inc., formerly known as Facebook Inc.
MMBTU |  | Million BTUs
Moody’s |  | Moody’s Investor Services, Inc.
MW |  | Megawatt
MWh |  | Megawatt Hour
NAAQS |  | National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NDT |  | Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts for PVNGS
NEE |  | New Energy Economy
NERC |  | North American Electric Reliability Corporation
New Mexico Wind |  | New Mexico Wind Energy Center
NM 2015 Rate Case |  | Request for a General Increase in Electric Rates Filed by PNM on August 27, 2015
NM 2016 Rate Case |  | Request for a General Increase in Electric Rates Filed by PNM on December 7, 2016
NM AREA |  | New Mexico Affordable Reliable Energy Alliance, formerly New Mexico Industrial Energy Consumers Inc.
NM Supreme Court |  | New Mexico Supreme Court
NMAG |  | New Mexico Attorney General
NMED |  | New Mexico Environment Department
NMMMD |  | The Mining and Minerals Division of the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department

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NMPRC |  | New Mexico Public Regulation Commission
NMRD |  | NM Renewable Development, LLC, owned 50% each by PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners, LLC
NOx |  | Nitrogen Oxides
NOPR |  | Notice of Proposed Rulemaking
NPDES |  | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC |  | United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NTEC |  | Navajo Transitional Energy Company, LLC, an entity owned by the Navajo Nation
OATT |  | Open Access Transmission Tariff
OCI |  | Other Comprehensive Income
OPEB |  | Other Post-Employment Benefits
OSM |  | United States Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Paris Agreement |  | A legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted on December 12, 2015
Pattern Wind |  | Pattern New Mexico Wind, LLC, an affiliate of Western Spirit and Pattern Development
PBO |  | Projected Benefit Obligation
PCRBs |  | Pollution Control Revenue Bonds
PM |  | Particulate Matter
PNM |  | Public Service Company of New Mexico and Subsidiaries
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | PNM’s $40.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PNM 2019 $40.0 Million Term Loan |  | PNM’s $40.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan
PNM 2021 Fixed Rate PCRBs |  | PNM’s $100.3 million PCRBs remarketed on October 1, 2021
PNM 2021 Note Purchase Agreement |  | PNM’s Agreement for the sale of PNM’s 2021 SUNs
PNM 2021 SUNs |  | PNM’s $160.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on July 14, 2021
PNM 2021 Term Loan |  | PNM’s $75.0 Million 18-month Unsecured Term Loan that was repaid on August 5, 2022
PNM 2022 Delayed- Draw Term Loan |  | PNM’s $225.0 million Unsecured Term Loan that matures February 5, 2024
PNM Floating Rate PCRBs |  | PNM’s $100.3 million PCRBs remarketed on July 1, 2020
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | PNM’s $400.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PNM September 2021 Note Purchase Agreement |  | PNM’s Agreement for the sale of PNM’s September 2021 SUNs
PNM September 2021 SUNs |  | PNM’s $150.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on December 2, 2021
PNMR |  | PNM Resources, Inc. and Subsidiaries
PNMR 2018 SUNS |  | PNMR’s $300.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on March 9, 2018
PNMR 2019 Term Loan |  | PNMR’s $150.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan
PNMR 2020 Forward Equity Sale Agreements |  | PNMR’s Block Equity Sale of 6.2 million Shares of PNMR Common Stock with Forward Sales Agreement
PNMR 2020 Term Loan |  | PNMR’s $150.0 million Unsecured Term Loan that was repaid on May 18, 2021
PNMR 2020 Delayed-Draw Term Loan |  | PNMR’s $300.0 million Unsecured Delayed-Draw Term Loan that was repaid on May 18, 2021
PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan |  | PNMR’s $1.0 Billion Unsecured Delayed-Draw Term Loan that matures on May 18, 2025
PNMR 2022 ATM Program |  | PNMR’s agreement to sell up to an aggregate sales price of $200.0 million of common stock
PNMR Development |  | PNMR Development and Management Company, an unregulated wholly-owned subsidiary of PNMR
PNMR Development Revolving Credit Facility |  | PNMR Development’s $40.0 million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PNMR Development Term Loan |  | PNMR Development’s $65.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan that was repaid on May 18, 2021

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PNMR Revolving Credit Facility |  | PNMR’s $300.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PPA |  | Power Purchase Agreement
PUCT |  | Public Utility Commission of Texas
PV |  | Photovoltaic
PVNGS |  | Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application |  | Application with the NMPRC requesting approval for the decertification and abandonment of 114MW of leased PVNGS capacity
RCT |  | Reasonable Cost Threshold
RD |  | Recommended Decision
REA |  | New Mexico’s Renewable Energy Act of 2004
RECs |  | Renewable Energy Certificates
Red Mesa Wind |  | Red Mesa Wind Energy Center
REP |  | Retail Electricity Provider
RFP |  | Request For Proposal
Rio Bravo |  | Rio Bravo Generating Station, formerly known as Delta
ROE |  | Return on Equity
RPS |  | Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard
S&P |  | Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services
SCE |  | Southern California Edison Company
SCPPA |  | Southern California Public Power Authority
SEC |  | United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Securitized Bonds |  | Energy transition bonds
SIP |  | State Implementation Plan
SJCC |  | San Juan Coal Company
SJGS |  | San Juan Generating Station
SJGS Abandonment Application |  | PNM’s July 1, 2019 consolidated application seeking NMPRC approval to retire PNM’s share of SJGS in 2022, for related replacement generating resources, and for the issuance of securitized bonds under the ETA
SJGS CSA |  | San Juan Generating Station Coal Supply Agreement
SNCR |  | Selective Non-Catalytic Reduction
SO 2 |  | Sulfur Dioxide
SOFR |  | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SRP |  | Salt River Project
SUNs |  | Senior Unsecured Notes
Tax Act |  | Federal tax reform legislation enacted on December 22, 2017, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
TCEQ |  | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TCOS |  | Transmission Cost of Service
TECA |  | Texas Electric Choice Act
TEP |  | Transportation Electrification Program
TOD |  | Time of Day
TNMP |  | Texas-New Mexico Power Company and Subsidiaries
TNMP 2021 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2021 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2021 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of TNMP’s 2021 First Mortgage Bonds
TNMP 2022 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of an aggregate $160.0 million of TNMP’s 2022 Bonds
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | TNMP’s $75.0 Million Secured Revolving Credit Facility
TNP |  | TNP Enterprises, Inc. and Subsidiaries
Tri-State |  | Tri-State Generation and Transmission Association, Inc.
TSAs |  | Transmission Service Agreements
Tucson |  | Tucson Electric Power Company
U.S. |  | The Unites States of America
US Supreme Court |  | United States Supreme Court
Valencia |  | Valencia Energy Facility

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VIE |  | Variable Interest Entity
WACC |  | Weighted Average Cost of Capital
Western Spirit Line |  | An approximately 150-mile 345-kV transmission line that PNM purchased in December 2021
Westmoreland |  | Westmoreland Coal Company
WFB LOC Facility |  | Letter of credit arrangements with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., entered into in August 2020
WRA |  | Western Resource Advocates
WSJ |  | Westmoreland San Juan, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Westmoreland
WSJ LLC |  | Westmoreland San Juan, LLC, a subsidiary of Westmoreland Mining Holdings, LLC, and current owner of SJCC
WSPP |  | Western Systems Power Pool

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PART I
ITEM 1.BUSINESS
THE COMPANY
Overview
PNMR is an investor-owned holding company with two regulated utilities serving approximately 824,000 residential, commercial, and industrial customers and end-users of electricity in New Mexico and Texas. PNMR’s electric utilities are PNM and TNMP. PNMR strives to create a clean and bright energy future for customers, communities, and shareholders. PNMR’s strategy and decision-making are focused on safely providing reliable, affordable, and environmentally responsible power built on a foundation of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles.
PNMR is focused on achieving three key financial objectives:
•Earning authorized returns on regulated businesses
•Delivering at or above industry-average earnings and dividend growth
•Maintaining investment grade credit ratings
In conjunction with these objectives, PNM and TNMP are dedicated to:
•Maintaining strong employee safety, plant performance, and system reliability
•Delivering a superior customer experience
•Demonstrating environmental stewardship in business operations, including transitioning to an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040
•Supporting the communities in their service territories
PNMR’s success in accomplishing its financial objectives is highly dependent on two key factors: fair and timely regulatory treatment for its utilities and the utilities’ strong operating performance. The Company has multiple strategies in place to achieve favorable regulatory treatment, all of which have as their foundation a focus on the basics: safety, operational excellence, and customer satisfaction, while engaging stakeholders to build productive relationships. The Company believes that maintaining strong and modern electric infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and supporting economic growth. PNM and TNMP strive to balance service affordability with infrastructure investment to maintain a high level of electric reliability and to deliver a safe and superior customer experience.
Both PNM and TNMP seek cost recovery for their investments through general rate cases, periodic cost of service filings, and various rate riders. Additional information about rate filings is provided in Operations and Regulation below and in Note 17.
PNMR’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PNM. PNMR was incorporated in the State of New Mexico in 2000.
On August 25, 2023, PNM formed PNM Energy Transition Bond Company I, LLC (“ETBC I”), a wholly-owned special purpose subsidiary for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities.
Other Information
These filings for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP include disclosures for each entity. For discussion purposes, this report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. Discussions regarding only PNMR, PNM, or TNMP are so indicated. A reference to “MD&A” in this report refers to Part II, Item 7. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. A reference to a “Note” refers to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial information relating to amounts of revenue, net earnings, and total assets of reportable segments is contained in MD&A and Note 2.
Merger
On October 20, 2020, PNMR, Avangrid and Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Merger Sub would have merged with and into PNMR, with PNMR surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid. The Merger Agreement provided that it may be terminated by each of PNMR and Avangrid if the Effective Time shall not have occurred by the December 31, 2023 End Date. On December 31, 2023, Avangrid informed PNMR that it was terminating the Merger Agreement effective as of December 31, 2023.
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WEBSITES
The PNMR website is an important source of Company information. New or updated information for public access is routinely posted. PNMR encourages analysts, investors, and other interested parties to register on the website to automatically receive Company information by e-mail. This information includes news releases, notices of webcasts, and filings with the SEC. Participants will not receive information unless requested and can unsubscribe at any time.
Our corporate websites are:
•PNMR: www.pnmresources.com
•PNM: www.pnm.com
•TNMP: www.tnmp.com
PNMR’s corporate website includes a dedicated section providing key environmental and other sustainability information related to PNM’s and TNMP’s operations and other information that collectively demonstrates the Company’s commitment to ESG principles. This information highlights plans for PNM to have an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040.
The contents of these websites are not a part of this Form 10-K. The SEC filings of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are accessible free of charge on the PNMR website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Reports filed with the SEC are available on its website, www.sec.gov. These reports are also available in print upon request from PNMR free of charge.
Also available on the Company’s website at https://www.pnmresources.com/esg-commitment/governance.aspx and in print upon request from any shareholder are PNMR’s:
•Corporate Governance Principles
•Code of Ethics (Do the Right Thing – Principles of Business Conduct; Supplier Code of Conduct)
•Charters of the Audit and Ethics Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, Compensation and Human Resources Committee, and Finance Committee
•Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
The Company will post amendments to or waivers from its code of ethics (to the extent applicable to the Company’s executive officers and directors) on its website.
OPERATIONS AND REGULATION
Regulated Operations
Electric power demand is generally seasonal. Power consumption in both New Mexico and Texas peaks during the hot summer months with revenues traditionally peaking during that period. The seasonality of demand for electricity in turn impacts the timing of plant maintenance and operating expense throughout the year. As a result, the quarterly operating results of PNMR and its operating subsidiaries vary throughout the year. In addition, unusually mild or extreme weather patterns may cause the overall operating results of the Company to fluctuate.
PNM Operational Information
PNM is an electric utility that provides electric generation, transmission, and distribution service to its rate-regulated customers. PNM was incorporated in the State of New Mexico in 1917. PNM’s retail electric service territory covers a large area of north-central New Mexico, including the cities of Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe, and certain areas of southern New Mexico. Service to retail electric customers is subject to the jurisdiction of the NMPRC. The largest retail electric customer served by PNM accounted for 3.6% of its retail electric revenues for the year ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Other services provided by PNM include wholesale transmission services to third parties. Regulation encompasses the utility’s electric rates, service, accounting, issuances of securities, construction of major new generation, abandonment of existing generation, types of generation resources, transmission and distribution facilities, and other matters. See Notes 16 and 17 for additional information on rate cases and other regulatory matters.
Weather-normalized retail electric KWh sales decreased by 1.0% in 2023 and increased by 1.5% in 2022. The system peak demands for retail customers are as follows:
System Peak Demands

| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (Megawatts)
Summer | 2,162 |  |  | 2,139 |  |  | 1,968 |
Winter | 1,545 |  |  | 1,526 |  |  | 1,518 |

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PNM holds long-term, non-exclusive franchise agreements for its electric retail operations, with varying expiration dates. These franchise agreements allow the utility to access public rights-of-way for placement of its electric facilities. To the extent franchise agreements expire in some areas PNM serves, PNM remains obligated under New Mexico state law to provide service to customers in these areas, and therefore, the expirations should not have a material adverse impact. The Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe metropolitan areas accounted for 41.6%, 7.4% and 5.9% of PNM’s 2023 revenues and no other franchise area represents more than 5%. PNM also earns revenues from its electric retail operations in its service areas that do not require franchise agreements.
PNM owns 3,428 miles of electric transmission lines that interconnect with other utilities in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Texas, and Utah. New Mexico is frequently characterized by its high potential for solar and wind capacity. PNM owns transmission capacity in an area of eastern New Mexico with large wind generation potential and in recent years there has been substantial interest by developers of wind generation to interconnect to PNM’s transmission system in this area.
PNM began participating in the EIM in 2021 which has generated cost savings that are passed through to customers in PNM’s FPPAC. PNM also engages in activities to optimize its existing jurisdictional assets and long-term power agreements through spot market, hour-ahead, day-ahead, week-ahead, and other sales of excess generation not required to fulfill retail load and contractual commitments. These activities have significantly increased electric operating revenues and are passed on to customers under PNM’s FPPAC with no impact to net earnings. PNM continues to evaluate opportunities that benefit customers and is exploring opportunities with the expectation of reliably achieving incrementally greater cost savings and using the region’s increasing renewable resources more efficiently. PNM supports efforts in the Western United States to expand regional market opportunities by participating in day-ahead market design initiatives and discussions on Regional Transmission Organization formation.
Regulatory Activities
NMPRC Regulated Retail Rate Proceedings
The rates PNM charges retail customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by the NMPRC. In December 2022, PNM filed the 2024 Rate Change with the NMPRC. The application proposed an increase of $63.8 million in base non-fuel revenues. The requested change primarily reflected investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure, largely offset by cost reductions resulting from PNM’s transition to lower-cost, clean generation resources including the retirement of the SJGS and expiration of leased capacity from PVNGS. The request also included updated depreciation rates for natural gas plants to align with the Company’s 2040 carbon-free portfolio goal.
On December 8, 2023, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD proposed an increase in non-fuel revenues of $6.1 million compared to the $63.8 million increase requested by PNM. Major components of the difference in the increase in non-fuel revenues proposed in the RD, included:
•A ROE of 9.26% compared to the 10.25% requested by PNM
•Finding of prudency regarding PNM’s decision to remain in Four Corners and a remedy for the prudency to be a disallowance to PNM’s total Four Corners net book value by $84.8 million
•Approval of $51.3 million of PNM’s requested $96.3 million regulatory asset for PVNGS undepreciated investments, but disallowance of a return on the remaining $45.0 million or any CWIP associated with it
•Recommended capital structure of 49.61% equity, 50.10% debt, and 0.29% preferred stock
On January 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order largely adopting the RD. The most notable difference in the final order is with regards to PVNGS. The final order requires that the regulatory liability associated with leased capacity at PVNGS after the Unit 1 lease expired on January 15, 2023, be returned to ratepayers over two years through a separate rate rider. In addition, the NMPRC had modifications that included approval of accelerated depreciation for specific gas plants, approval of PNM’s TOD pilot program, and ordered PNM to update the remedy associated with Four Corners. See Note 17.
In October 2022, PNM filed its Grid Modernization Application with the NMPRC. PNM’s proposal to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. PNM’s application seeks approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy. See Note 17.
PNM has a NMPRC-approved rate rider to collect costs for renewable energy procurements that are not otherwise being collected in rates. If PNM’s earned return on jurisdictional equity in a calendar year, adjusted for weather and other items not representative of normal operation, exceeds the NMPRC-approved rate by 0.5%, the rider provides that PNM would refund the excess to customers during the following year. PNM slightly exceeded the limitation in 2022 and does not expect to exceed the limitation in 2023. See Note 17. The NMPRC has also approved riders designed to allow PNM to bill and collect substantially all fuel and purchased power costs, costs of approved energy efficiency initiatives, and costs associated with enhancing transportation electrification in New Mexico.
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FERC Regulated Wholesale Transmission
Rates charged to wholesale electric transmission customers, other than customers on the Western Spirit Line described below, are based on a formula rate mechanism pursuant to which rates for wholesale transmission service are calculated annually in accordance with an approved formula. The formula includes updating cost of service components, including investment in plant and operating expenses, based on information contained in PNM’s annual financial report filed with FERC, as well as including projected transmission capital projects to be placed into service in the following year. The projections included are subject to true-up in the formula rate for the following year. Certain items, including changes to return on equity and depreciation rates, require a separate filing to be made with FERC before being included in the formula rate.
The Energy Transition Act (“ETA”)
The ETA became effective in 2019. As discussed below, the ETA amends the REA and requires utilities operating in New Mexico to provide 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The ETA also provides for a transition from fossil-fueled generating resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources by allowing utilities to issue to qualified investors securitized bonds, or “energy transition bonds,” related to the retirement of certain coal-fired generating facilities. Proceeds from the energy transition bonds must be used to provide utility service to customers and for other costs as defined by the ETA. In 2020, the NMPRC unanimously approved the hearing examiners’ recommended decisions regarding the abandonment of SJGS and the related securitized financing under the ETA. On August 25, 2023, PNM formed ETBC I for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities. On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million of Securitized Bonds and purchased energy transition property from PNM.
In early 2021, PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application, which sought NMPRC approval to exit PNM’s 13% share of Four Corners as of December 31, 2024, and to issue approximately $300 million of energy transition bonds as provided by the ETA. PNM’s request provided background on the prudence of PNM’s investment in Four Corners and explained how the proposed sale and abandonment provides a net public benefit. On December 15, 2021, the NMPRC issued a final order denying approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. On December 22, 2021, PNM filed a Notice of Appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC decision to deny the application. On July 6, 2023, the NM Supreme Court issued a decision concluding that the NMPRC reasonably and lawfully denied PNM’s application for abandonment, determining that PNM did not meet its burden in challenging the NMPRC’s final order. The Company is evaluating the facts and circumstances surrounding the exit of Four Corners and will determine next steps.
Renewable Energy
The REA was enacted to encourage the development of renewable energy in New Mexico. The ETA amended the REA and requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The REA provides for streamlined proceedings for approval of utilities’ renewable energy procurement plans, provides utilities recovery of costs incurred consistent with approved procurement plans, and sets a RCT for the procurement of renewable resources to prevent excessive costs being added to rates. PNM files required renewable energy plans with the NMPRC annually and makes procurements consistent with the plans approved by the NMPRC. See Note 17.
TNMP
Operational Information
TNMP is a regulated utility operating and incorporated in the State of Texas. TNMP’s predecessor was organized in 1925. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services in Texas under the provisions of TECA and the Texas Public Utility Regulatory Act. TNMP is subject to traditional cost-of-service regulation with respect to rates and service under the jurisdiction of the PUCT and certain municipalities. TNMP’s transmission and distribution activities are solely within ERCOT, which is the independent system operator responsible for maintaining reliable operations for the bulk electric power supply system in most of Texas. Therefore, TNMP is not subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. TNMP serves a market of small to medium sized communities, most of which have populations of less than 50,000. TNMP is the exclusive provider of transmission and distribution services in most areas it serves.
TNMP’s service territory consists of three non-contiguous areas. One portion of this territory extends from Lewisville, which is approximately 10 miles north of the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, eastward to municipalities near the Red River, and to communities north, west, and south of Fort Worth. The second portion of its service territory includes the area along the Texas Gulf Coast between Houston and Galveston, and the third portion includes areas of far west Texas between Midland and El Paso. TNMP owns 1,026 miles of electric transmission lines that interconnect with other utilities in Texas. There has been a significant increase in interconnection requests and cryptocurrency mining applications on the TNMP system, which has necessitated new transmission stations, upgrades at existing stations, and transmission line capacity upgrades.
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TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service area. See Notes 16 and 17 for additional information on rate cases and other regulatory matters.
For its volumetric load consumers billed on KWh usage, TNMP was flat in its weather normalized retail KWh sales in 2023 and experienced an increase of 2.4% in 2022. For its weather normalized demand-based load, excluding retail transmission consumers, TNMP experienced an increase of 14.1% in 2023 and an increase of 17.3% in 2022. As of December 31, 2023, 116 active REPs receive transmission and distribution services from TNMP. In 2023, the three largest REPs accounted for 25%, 19%, and 11% of TNMP’s operating revenues. No other consumer accounted for more than 10% of revenues.
TNMP holds long-term, non-exclusive franchise agreements for its electric transmission and distribution services. These agreements have varying expiration dates, and some have expired. TNMP intends to negotiate and execute new or amended franchise agreements with municipalities where the agreements have expired or will be expiring. Since TNMP is the exclusive provider of transmission and distribution services in most areas that it serves, the need to renew or renegotiate franchise agreements should not have a material adverse impact. TNMP also earns revenues from service provided to facilities in its service area that lie outside the territorial jurisdiction of the municipalities with which TNMP has franchise agreements.
Regulatory Activities
The rates TNMP charges customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by the PUCT. On January 1, 2019, TNMP implemented a PUCT order in TNMP’s 2018 Rate Case to increase annual base rates by $10.0 million based on a ROE of 9.65%, a cost of debt of 6.44%, and a capital structure comprised of 55% debt and 45% equity. The increase reflects the reduction in the federal corporate income tax rate to 21.0%. Under the approved settlement stipulation TNMP was granted authority to update depreciation rates and refund the regulatory liability related to federal tax reform to customers.
The PUCT has approved mechanisms that allow TNMP to recover capital invested in transmission and distribution projects without having to file a general rate case. The PUCT approved interim adjustments to TNMP’s transmission rates of $14.2 million in March 2022, $5.3 million in September 2022, $19.4 million in May 2023, and $4.2 million in September 2023. On January 25, 2024, TNMP filed an application to further update its transmission rates, which would increase revenues by $13.1 million annually. The application is pending before the PUCT. The PUCT approved interim adjustments to TNMP’s distribution revenue requirement of $6.8 million in September 2022 and $14.5 million in September 2023. In the 2023 Texas Legislative sessions a bill was passed that will now permit DCRF proceedings to be filed twice per year, shortening the regulatory timeframe for the proceedings. The PUCT also approved rate riders that allow TNMP to recover amounts related to energy efficiency and third-party transmission costs.
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment includes PNMR holding company activities, primarily related to corporate level debt and the activities of PNMR Services Company. PNMR Services Company provides corporate services through shared services agreements to PNMR and all of PNMR’s business units, including PNM and TNMP. These services are charged and billed at cost on a monthly basis to the business units. The activities of PNMR Development and NMRD are also included in Corporate and Other.
SOURCES OF POWER
PNM
Generation Capacity
As of December 31, 2023, the total net generation capacity of facilities owned or leased by PNM was 1,672 MW. PNM also obtains power under long-term PPAs for the power produced by Valencia, New Mexico Wind, Red Mesa Wind, Casa Mesa Wind, La Joya Wind I and II, the Lightning Dock Geothermal facility, the Solar Direct solar facility, the Route 66 solar facility, and the NMRD-owned solar facilities. In addition, PNM has battery storage agreements which went into effect in 2023.
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PNM’s capacity in electric generating facilities, which are owned, leased, under PPAs or battery storage agreements, in commercial operation as of December 31, 2023 is:

|  |  |  |  |  | Generation |  | Percent of
|  |  |  |  |  | Capacity |  | Generation
Type |  | Name |  | Location |  | (MW) |  | Capacity
Solar |  | PNM-owned solar |  | Twenty sites in New Mexico |  | 158 |  |  | 5.7 | %
Solar |  | NMRD-owned solar |  | Los Lunas, New Mexico |  | 180 |  |  | 6.5 |
Solar |  | Solar Direct |  | Rio Arriba County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.8 |
Solar |  | Route 66 |  | Cibola County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.8 |
Wind |  | New Mexico Wind |  | House, New Mexico |  | 200 |  |  | 7.2 |
Wind |  | Red Mesa Wind |  | Seboyeta, New Mexico |  | 102 |  |  | 3.7 |
Wind |  | Casa Mesa Wind |  | House, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.8 |
Wind |  | La Joya Wind I |  | Torrance, New Mexico |  | 166 |  |  | 6.0 |
Wind |  | La Joya Wind II |  | Torrance, New Mexico |  | 140 |  |  | 5.0 |
Geothermal |  | Lightning Dock Geothermal |  | Lordsburg, New Mexico |  | 11 |  |  | 0.4 |
Battery Storage |  | Arroyo |  | McKinley County, New Mexico |  | 150 |  |  | 5.4 |
Battery Storage |  | Jicarilla |  | Rio Arriba County, New Mexico |  | 20 |  |  | 0.7 |
Renewable resources |  |  |  | 1,277 |  |  | 46.0 |
Gas |  | Reeves Station |  | Albuquerque, New Mexico |  | 146 |  |  | 5.2 |
Gas |  | Afton (combined cycle) |  | La Mesa, New Mexico |  | 235 |  |  | 8.5 |
Gas |  | Lordsburg |  | Lordsburg, New Mexico |  | 85 |  |  | 3.1 |
Gas |  | Luna (combined cycle) |  | Deming, New Mexico |  | 190 |  |  | 6.8 |
Gas/Oil |  | Rio Bravo |  | Albuquerque, New Mexico |  | 149 |  |  | 5.4 |
Gas |  | Valencia |  | Belen, New Mexico |  | 155 |  |  | 5.6 |
Gas |  | La Luz |  | Belen, New Mexico |  | 41 |  |  | 1.5 |
Gas-fired resources |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  | 36.1 |
Nuclear |  | PVNGS |  | Wintersburg, Arizona |  | 298 |  | 1 | 10.7 |
Coal |  | Four Corners |  | Fruitland, New Mexico |  | 200 |  |  | 7.2 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 2,776 |  |  | 100.0 | %

1 In January 2024, leased capacity of 10 MW in PVNGS Unit 2 expired and the rights to the capacity were acquired by SRP from the lessors. Subsequently, PNM’s interest in PVNGS represents 7.3% and 288 MW.
Renewables
In addition to PNM’s owned solar facilities, PNM has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 281.6 MW at December 31, 2023. PNM enters into battery storage agreements and purchases renewable power under long-term PPAs, all currently having expiration dates beginning in January 2035 and extending through May 2047. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional renewable resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory, including the portfolio to replace SJGS and the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application. If adjusted for these approved plans, the table above would reflect the percentage of generation capacity from fossil-fueled resources of 27.0%, from nuclear resources of 6.5%, and from renewable resources of 66.5%. In addition, PNM has filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2026 summer peak, which are necessary for PNM to safely and reliably meet its projected system load. These renewable resources are key for PNM to meet the RPS and related regulations that require PNM to achieve prescribed levels of energy sales from renewable sources, including those set by the ETA, without exceeding cost requirements.
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These resources and their currently expected operation dates are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Generation
|  |  |  | Expected |  | Capacity
Type |  | Resource For |  | Operation |  | (MW)
NMPRC Approved |  |  |  |  |  |
Solar |  | Retirement of SJGS |  | 2024 |  | 550 |
Battery Storage |  | Retirement of SJGS |  | 2024 |  | 100 |
Solar |  | PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment |  | 2024 |  | 300 |
Battery Storage |  | PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment |  | 2024 |  | 300 |
Solar |  | Meta Data Center |  | 2024/2025 |  | 330 |
Battery Storage |  | Meta Data Center |  | 2024/2025 |  | 100 |
Owned Battery Storage |  | Battery Storage |  | 2024 |  | 12 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 1,692 |
NMPRC Approval Pending |  |  |  |  |  |
Solar |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 100
Battery Storage |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 250
Owned Battery Storage |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 60
|  |  |  |  |  | 410

Fossil‑Fueled Plants
SJGS was a four-unit coal-fired plant operated by PNM, the last of which (Unit 4) was retired in September 2022.
Four Corners Units 4 and 5 are 13% owned by PNM. These units are jointly owned with APS, SRP, Tucson, and NTEC, and are operated by APS. PNM had no ownership interest in Four Corners Units 1, 2, or 3, which were shut down by APS in 2013. The Four Corners plant site is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government. APS, on behalf of the Four Corners participants, negotiated amendments to extend the owners’ right to operate the plant on the site to July 2041. In June 2021, APS and the owners of Four Corners entered into agreements to operate Four Corners seasonally beginning in Fall 2023, subject to the necessary approvals including PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application at the NMPRC. Under seasonal operations, a single unit would remain online year-round, subject to market conditions as well as planned maintenance outages and unplanned outages. In addition, the other unit would be operational throughout the summer season when customer demand is the highest. In the third quarter of 2023, APS notified the other participant owners of Four Corners of their intent to request normal operations between November 1, 2023 and May 31, 2024. PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application, which sought NMPRC approval to exit PNM’s 13% share of Four Corners as of December 31, 2024, which was denied by the NMPRC. See Note 17.
PNM owns 100% of Reeves, Afton, Rio Bravo, Lordsburg, and La Luz and one-third of Luna. The remaining interests in Luna are owned equally by Tucson and Samchully Power & Utilities 1, LLC. PNM is also entitled to the entire output of Valencia under a PPA. Reeves, Lordsburg, Rio Bravo, La Luz, and Valencia are used primarily for peaking power and transmission support. As discussed in Note 10, Valencia is a variable interest entity and is consolidated by PNM.
Nuclear Plant
PNM is participating in the three units of PVNGS with APS (the operating agent), SRP, EPE, SCE, SCPPA, and the Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles. Currently, PNM has ownership interests of 2.3% in Unit 1, 9.4% in Unit 2, and 10.2% in Unit 3.
In 2021, PNM and SRP entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement, pursuant to which PNM agreed to sell to SRP certain PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel necessary to the ongoing operation and maintenance of leased capacity in PVNGS Unit 1 and Unit 2, which SRP has agreed to acquire from the lessors upon termination of the existing leases. The proposed transaction between PNM and SRP received all necessary approvals, and in January 2023, the Unit 1 leases expired and PNM relinquished the associated 7.9% entitlement share of the power and energy generated by Unit 1. The remaining Unit 2 lease expired in January 2024 and PNM relinquished the associated 0.8% entitlement share of the power and energy generated by Unit 2. See Notes 16 and 17 for information on other PVNGS matters including the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application and Note 8 for additional information concerning the PVNGS leases.
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Purchased Power
A summary of purchased power, excluding Valencia, is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Purchased under long-term PPAs |  |  |  |  |
MWh | 3,047,505 |  |  | 3,179,472 |  |  |
Cost per MWh | $ | 28.94 |  |  | $ | 37.45 |  |  |
Other purchased power |  |  |  |  |
Total MWh | 4,639,342 |  |  | 5,645,918 |  |  |
Cost per MWh | $ | 80.97 |  |  | $ | 67.15 |  |  |

Plant Operating Statistics
Equivalent availability of PNM’s major base-load generating stations was:

Plant |  | Operator |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Four Corners |  | APS |  | 61.2% |  | 83.2% |  |
PVNGS |  | APS |  | 91.4 |  | 90.7 |  |

Joint Projects
SJGS, PVNGS, Four Corners, and Luna are joint projects each owned or leased by several different entities. Some participants in the joint projects are investor-owned entities, while others are privately, municipally, or co-operatively owned. Furthermore, participants in SJGS had varying percentage interest in different generating units within the project and have different percentage interest with respect to plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation obligations.
The primary operating or participation agreements for the other joint projects expire July 2041 for Four Corners, December 2046 for Luna, and November 2047 for PVNGS. As described above, Four Corners is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government.
It is possible that other participants in the joint projects have circumstances and objectives that have changed from those existing at the time of becoming participants. The status of these joint projects is further complicated by the uncertainty surrounding the form of potential legislation and/or regulation of GHG, other air emissions, and CCRs, as well as the impacts of the costs of compliance and operational viability of all or certain units within the joint projects. It is unclear how these factors will enter into discussions and negotiations concerning the status of the joint projects as the expiration of basic operational agreements approaches. PNM can provide no assurance that its participation in the joint projects will continue in the manner that currently exists.
TNMP
TNMP provides only transmission and distribution services and does not sell power.
FUEL
PNM
The percentages (on the basis of KWh) of PNM’s generation of electricity, including Valencia, fueled by coal, nuclear fuel, and gas and oil, and the average costs to PNM of those fuels per MMBTU were as follows:

| Coal |  | Nuclear |  | Gas
| Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost |  | Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost |  | Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost
2023 | 12.8 | % |  | $ | 4.19 |  |  | 32.3 | % |  | $ | 0.73 |  |  | 49.9 | % |  | $ | 3.42 |
2022 | 36.7 |  |  | 2.97 |  |  | 35.4 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 23.9 |  |  | 7.61 |

In 2023 and 2022, 5.0% and 4.1% of PNM’s generation was from utility-owned solar, which has no fuel cost. Due to locally available natural gas, the utilization of locally available coal deposits, and the generally adequate supply of nuclear fuel, PNM believes that adequate sources of fuel are available for its generating stations into the foreseeable future. PNM recovers substantially all of its fuel and purchased power costs through the FPPAC.
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Coal
Substantially all of PNM’s coal costs are passed on to PNM’s customers under the FPPAC. Four Corners obtains its coal requirements from a mine near the plant. The coal supply arrangement for Four Corners runs through July 6, 2031 and provides for pricing adjustments over its term based on economic indices.
See Note 16 for additional information about PNM’s coal supply arrangements. See Note 17 for additional information about PNM’s SJGS Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, and PNM’s IRP, which all focus on a carbon-free electricity portfolio by 2040.
Natural Gas
The natural gas used as fuel for the electric generating plants is procured on the open market and delivered by third-party transportation providers. The supply of natural gas can be subject to disruptions due to extreme weather events and/or pipeline or facility outages. PNM has contracted for firm gas transmission capacity to minimize the potential for disruptions due to extreme weather events. Certain of PNM’s natural gas plants are generally used as peaking resources that are highly relied upon during seasonally high load periods and/or during periods of extreme weather, which also may be the times natural gas has the highest demand from other users. Substantially all of PNM’s natural gas costs are recovered through the FPPAC.
Nuclear Fuel and Waste
PNM is one of several participants in PVNGS. The PVNGS participants are continually identifying their future nuclear fuel resource needs and negotiating arrangements to fill those needs. The PVNGS participants have contracted for 100% of PVNGS’s requirements for uranium concentrates through 2026 and an average of 60% through 2028. Additional needed supplies are covered through existing inventories or spot market transactions. For conversion services, 100% are contracted through 2026 and an average of 80% through 2028. Additional needed conversion services are covered through existing inventories or spot market transactions. For enrichment services, 80% is contracted through 2026. For fuel assembly fabrication 100% is contracted through 2027.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 required the DOE to begin to accept, transport, and dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste generated by the nation’s nuclear power plants by 1998. The DOE’s obligations are reflected in a contract with each nuclear power plant. The DOE failed to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel by 1998. APS (on behalf of itself and the other PVNGS participants) pursued legal actions for which settlements were reached. See Note 16 for information concerning these actions.
The DOE had planned to meet its disposal obligations by designing, licensing, constructing, and operating a permanent geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In March 2010, the DOE filed a motion to dismiss with prejudice its Yucca Mountain construction authorization application that was pending before the NRC. Several legal proceedings followed challenging DOE’s withdrawal of its Yucca Mountain construction authorization application. None of these lawsuits have been conclusively decided. However, the DC Circuit ordered the NRC to resume its review of the application. The results of the NRC’s review publications do not signal whether or when the NRC might authorize construction of the repository.
All spent nuclear fuel from PVNGS is being stored on-site. PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store all of the nuclear fuel that will be irradiated during the initial operating license periods, which end in December 2027. Additionally, PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store a portion of the fuel that will be irradiated during the extended license periods, which end in November 2047. If uncertainties regarding the U.S. government’s obligation to accept and store spent fuel are not favorably resolved, the PVNGS participants will evaluate alternative storage solutions. These may obviate the need to expand the ISFSI to accommodate all of the fuel that will be irradiated during the extended license periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
Electric utilities are subject to stringent laws and regulations for protection of the environment by local, state, federal, and tribal authorities. In addition, PVNGS is subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC, which has the authority to issue permits and licenses and to regulate nuclear facilities in order to protect the health and safety of the public from radioactive hazards and to conduct environmental reviews. The liabilities under these laws and regulations can be material. In some instances, liabilities may be imposed without regard to fault, or may be imposed for past acts, whether or not such acts were lawful at the time they occurred. See MD&A – Other Issues Facing the Company – Climate Change Issues for information on GHG. In addition, Note 16 contains information related to the following matters, incorporated in this item by reference:
•PVNGS Decommissioning Funding
•Nuclear Spent Fuel and Waste Disposal
•The Energy Transition Act
•Environmental Matters under the caption “The Clean Air Act”
•Cooling Water Intake Structures
•Effluent Limitation Guidelines
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•Santa Fe Generating Station
•Environmental Matters under the caption “Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal”
COMPETITION
Regulated utilities are generally not subject to competition from other utilities in areas that are under the jurisdiction of state regulatory commissions. In New Mexico, PNM does not have direct competition for services provided to its retail electric customers. In Texas, TNMP is not currently in any direct retail competition with any other regulated electric utility. However, PNM and TNMP are subject to customer conservation and energy efficiency activities, as well as initiatives to utilize alternative energy sources, including self-generation, or otherwise bypass the PNM and TNMP systems.
PNM is subject to varying degrees of competition in certain territories adjacent to or within the areas it serves. This competition comes from other utilities in its region as well as rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities. PNM is involved in the generation and sale of electricity into the wholesale market to serve its New Mexico retail customers. PNM is subject to competition from regional utilities and merchant power suppliers with similar opportunities to generate and sell energy at market-based prices and larger trading entities that do not own or operate generating assets.
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
PNM Resources depends on over 1,600 dedicated employees to deliver outstanding customer service and transform into an emissions-free generation future.
Culture
Our diverse and inclusive workforce makes the Company successful through our core values of safety, caring, and integrity. Our culture fosters an accountability and behavioral mindset to sustain shared purpose. Transparency, collaboration, and innovation create both individual and organizational focus on achieving key results. Aligned with the core value of safety, we continued an in-depth safety culture initiative with training and actionable plans integrated into leadership development. In addition, we incorporate mental and physical well-being into our culture through a robust employee wellness program.
Talent Management and Total Rewards
We seek to attract and retain a highly skilled workforce by offering competitive compensation and benefits as well as opportunities for career advancement. Total compensation packages are reviewed regularly to ensure competitiveness within the industry and consistency with performance levels. We are committed to leadership development and mentorship programs, which ensure our leaders’ success and provide diverse learning plans for all employees.
Diversity and Inclusion
Our core values also drive a culture committed to diversity and inclusion. Our diverse workforce enables the Company to provide exceptional value to our customers and stakeholders. Our 1,635 employees include 33% represented by a bargaining unit, 28% women, 55% minorities, 15% identified as disabled, and 9% veterans. Our diversity goal at the Company is for our workforce to mirror the communities we serve. To enhance diversity, we take a multi-tiered approach, including required training for all employees on topics including Americans with Disability Act and diversity in the workplace and leaders are trained in unconscious bias, incorporating diversity into our hiring process and undertaking targeted recruitment with organizations supporting diverse candidates. Compensation equity is reviewed three times per year and we perform a robust annual succession planning process, including an evaluation of our programs for diversity and inclusion.
Governance
The Board agrees that human capital management is an important component of PNM Resources’ continued growth and success, and is essential for its ability to attract, retain and develop talented and skilled employees. Management regularly reports to the Compensation Committee of the Board on human capital management topics, including corporate culture, diversity and inclusion, employee development and compensation and benefits. The Compensation Committee has oversight of talent retention and development and succession planning, and the Board provides input on important decisions in each of these areas.
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Employees
The following table sets forth the number of employees of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP as of December 31, 2023:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
Corporate (1) | 435 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PNM | 810 |  |  | 810 |  |  | — |
TNMP | 390 |  |  | — |  |  | 390 |
Total | 1,635 |  |  | 810 |  |  | 390 |

(1) Represents employees of PNMR Services Company.
As of December 31, 2023, PNM had 333 employees in its power plant and operations areas that are currently covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the IBEW Local 611 that is in effect through April 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, TNMP had 207 employees represented by IBEW Local 66 covered by a collective bargaining agreement that is in effect through August 31, 2027. The wages and benefits for PNM and TNMP employees who are members of the IBEW are typically included in the rates charged to electric customers and consumers, subject to approval of the NMPRC and PUCT.
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements made in this filing that relate to future events or PNMR’s, PNM’s, or TNMP’s expectations, projections, estimates, intentions, goals, targets, and strategies are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned that all forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and estimates and apply only as of the date of this report. PNMR, PNM, and TNMP assume no obligation to update this information.
Because actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, PNMR, PNM, and TNMP caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. PNMR’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s business, financial condition, cash flows, and operating results are influenced by many factors, which are often beyond their control, that can cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors, which are neither presented in order of importance nor weighted, include:
•The ability of PNM and TNMP to recover costs and earn allowed returns in regulated jurisdictions and the impact on service levels for PNM customers if the ultimate outcomes do not provide for the recovery of costs and operating and capital expenditures, as well as other impacts of federal or state regulatory and judicial actions
•The ability of the Company to successfully forecast and manage its operating and capital expenditures, including aligning expenditures with the revenue levels resulting from the ultimate outcomes of regulatory proceedings
•Uncertainty surrounding the status of PNM’s participation in jointly-owned generation projects, including the potential exit from Four Corners
•Uncertainty regarding the requirements and related costs of decommissioning power plants and reclamation of coal mines, as well as the ability to recover those costs from customers, including the potential impacts of current and future regulatory proceedings
•The impacts on the electricity usage of customers and consumers due to performance of state, regional, and national economies, energy efficiency measures, weather, seasonality, alternative sources of power, advances in technology, and other changes in supply and demand
•Uncertainty related to the potential for regulatory orders, legislation or rulemakings that provide for municipalization of utility assets or public ownership of utility assets, including generation resources, or which would delay or otherwise impact the procurement of necessary resources in a timely manner
•The Company’s ability to maintain its debt and access the financial markets in order to repay or refinance debt as it comes due and for ongoing operations and construction expenditures due to disruptions in the capital or credit markets, actions by ratings agencies, and fluctuations in interest rates resulting from any negative impacts from regulatory proceedings, actions by the Federal Reserve or geopolitical activity
•The risks associated with the cost and completion of generation, transmission, distribution, and other projects, including uncertainty related to regulatory approvals and cost recovery, the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations under certain arrangements (including renewable energy resources, approved PPAs and battery storage agreements related to replacement resources for facilities retired or for which the leases terminated), and supply chain or other outside support services that may be disrupted
•The potential unavailability of cash from PNMR’s subsidiaries due to regulatory, statutory, or contractual restrictions or subsidiary earnings or cash flows
•The performance of generating units, transmission systems, and distribution systems, which could be negatively affected by operational issues, fuel quality and supply chain issues (disruptions), unplanned outages, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, terrorism, cybersecurity breaches, and other catastrophic events, including the costs the Company may incur to repair its facilities and/or the liabilities the Company may incur to third parties in connection with such issues beyond the extent of insurance coverage
•State and federal regulation or legislation relating to environmental matters and renewable energy requirements, the resultant costs of compliance, and other impacts on the operations and economic viability of PNM’s generating plants
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•State and federal regulatory, legislative, executive, and judicial decisions and actions on ratemaking, and taxes, including guidance related to the interpretation of changes in tax laws, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and other matters
•Risks related to climate change, including potential financial and reputational risks resulting from increased stakeholder scrutiny related to climate change, litigation, legislative and regulatory efforts to limit GHG, including the impacts of the ETA
•Employee workforce factors, including cost control efforts and issues arising out of collective bargaining agreements and labor negotiations with union employees
•Variability of prices and volatility and liquidity in the wholesale power and natural gas markets, including the impacts to transmission margins
•Changes in price and availability of fuel and water supplies, including the ability of the mine supplying coal to Four Corners and the companies involved in supplying nuclear fuel to provide adequate quantities of fuel
•Regulatory, financial, and operational risks inherent in the operation of nuclear facilities, including spent fuel disposal uncertainties
•The impacts of decreases in the values of marketable securities maintained in trusts to provide for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other postretirement benefits, including potential increased volatility resulting from actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns, and international developments
•Uncertainty surrounding counterparty performance and credit risk, including the ability of counterparties to supply fuel and perform reclamation activities and impacts to financial support provided to facilitate reclamation and decommissioning at SJGS
•The effectiveness of risk management regarding commodity transactions and counterparty risk
•The outcome of legal proceedings, including the extent of insurance coverage
•Changes in applicable accounting principles or policies
For information about the risks associated with the use of derivative financial instruments see Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
SECURITIES ACT DISCLAIMER
Certain securities described in this report have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state securities laws and may not be reoffered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and applicable state securities laws. This Form 10-K does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The business and financial results of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond their control, including those set forth below and in MD&A, Note 16, and Note 17. For other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any forward-looking statement contained in this report, see Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements in Item 1. Business. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services to REPs that provide electric service to consumers in TNMP’s service territories. References to customers in the risk factors discussed below also encompass the customers of these REPs who are the ultimate consumers of electricity transmitted and distributed through TNMP’s facilities.
Regulatory Risks
The profitability of PNMR’s utilities depends on being able to recover their costs through regulated rates and earn a fair return on invested capital, including investments in its generating plants. Without timely cost recovery, including recovery of undepreciated investments and the opportunity to earn a fair return on capital investments, PNMR’s liquidity and results of operations could be negatively impacted. Further, PNM and TNMP are in a period of significant capital expenditures. While increased capital investments, higher interest rates, and other costs are placing upward pressure on rates charged to customers, energy efficiency initiatives and other factors are placing downward pressure on customer usage. The combination of these matters could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.
The rates PNM charges its customers are regulated by the NMPRC and FERC. TNMP is regulated by the PUCT. The Company is in a period requiring significant capital investment and is projecting total construction expenditures for the years 2024-2028 to be $6.1 billion. PNM and TNMP anticipate a trend toward increasing costs, for which they will have to seek regulatory recovery. These costs include, or are related to, costs of asset construction for generation, transmission, and distribution systems necessary to provide electric service, as well as the cost to remove and retire existing assets, environmental compliance expenditures, regulatory mandates to acquire power from renewable resources, regulation related to nuclear safety, increased costs related to cybersecurity, increased interest costs to finance capital investments, and depreciation. If the NMPRC does not authorize appropriate recovery of any of the costs discussed above, including undepreciated generating resources at the
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time those resources are removed from service and fails to authorize recovery of the costs of obtaining power to replace those resources, PNM’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be negatively impacted.
At the same time costs are increasing, there are factors placing downward pressure on the demand for power, thereby reducing customer usage. These factors include changing customer behaviors, including increased emphasis on energy efficiency measures and utilization of alternative sources of power, rate design that is not driven by economics, which could influence customer behavior, unfavorable economic conditions, reduced new sources of demand, and unpredictable weather patterns. The combination of costs increasing relatively rapidly and the technologies and behaviors that are reducing energy consumption places upward pressure on the per unit prices that must be charged to recover costs. This upward pressure on unit prices could result in additional efforts by customers to reduce consumption through alternative measures. Without timely cost recovery and the authorization to earn a reasonable return on invested capital, the Company’s liquidity and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
In December 2022, PNM filed the 2024 Rate Change that included investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure for the six years between 2019 through 2024 as primary drivers of PNM’s identified revenue deficiency and a request for an ROE of 10.25%. The revenue deficiency is largely offset by cost reductions resulting from PNM’s transition to lower-cost, clean generation resources. On January 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order increasing non-fuel rates by a fraction of what was requested in the application and approving an ROE of 9.26%. The final order also provided for specific disallowances of PNM’s undepreciated investments in Four Corners and PVNGS. This adverse outcome in the 2024 Rate Change could negatively impact PNM’s financial position, results of operation, and cash flows. See Note 17.
It is also possible that unsatisfactory outcomes of these matters, the financial impact of climate change regulation or legislation, other environmental regulations, the result of litigation, the adequacy and timeliness of cost recovery mechanisms, and other business considerations, could jeopardize the economic viability of certain generating facilities or the ability or willingness of individual participants to continue their participation through the periods currently contemplated in the agreements governing those facilities.
PNMR has counterparty credit risk in connection with financial support that was provided to facilitate the coal supply arrangement for SJGS. Adverse developments from these factors could have a negative impact on the business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of PNM and PNMR.
PNMR has an arrangement with a bank under which the bank has issued $30.3 million of letters of credit in favor of sureties in order for the sureties to post reclamation bonds that are required under the miner’s operating permit. The Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be negatively impacted if the current mine operator were to default on its obligations to reclaim the San Juan mine and PNMR is required to perform under the letter of credit support agreement.
PNMR’s utilities are subject to numerous comprehensive federal, state, tribal, and local environmental laws and regulations, including those related to climate change as well as increased stakeholder actions related to ESG matters and reducing GHG, which may impose significant compliance costs and may significantly limit or affect their operations and financial results.
Compliance with federal, state, tribal, and local environmental laws and regulations, including those addressing climate change, air quality, CCRs, discharges of wastewater originating from fly ash and bottom ash handling facilities, cooling water, ESG matters, GHG emissions, and other matters, may result in increased capital, operating, and other costs, particularly with regard to enforcement efforts focused on power plant emission control obligations. These costs could include remediation, containment, civil liability, and monitoring expenses. The Company cannot predict how it would be affected if existing environmental laws and regulations were to be repealed, revised, or reinterpreted, or if new environmental laws or regulations were to be adopted. See Note 16 and the Climate Change Issues subsection of the Other Issues Facing the Company section of MD&A.
The utility industry is facing increasing stakeholder scrutiny related to ESG matters. Recently, PNMR has seen a rise in certain stakeholders, such as investors, customers, employees, and lenders, placing increasing importance on the impact and social cost associated with climate change. Federal GHG reduction measures setting emission guidelines remain in a state of uncertainty. Therefore, PNMR is dealing with an uncertain regulatory and policy environment and increased scrutiny and changing stakeholder expectations with respect to environmental and climate change programs, judicial decisions, and international accords. Under the Biden Administration, EPA and other federal agencies have sought to expand climate change regulations and work to aggressively reduce GHG emissions. Many state agencies, environmental advocacy groups, and other organizations will continue to focus on decarbonization with enhanced attention on GHG from fossil-fueled generation facilities. See discussion above and Note 17, regarding PNM’s abandonment applications and the ETA. PNM currently depends on fossil-fueled generation for 43.3% of its electricity. As discussed under Climate Change Issues, this type of generation could be subject to future EPA or state regulations requiring GHG reductions. The anticipated expansion of federal and state regulations could result in additional operating restrictions on facilities and increased generation and compliance costs.
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CCRs from the operation of SJGS were used in the reclamation of a surface coal mine. These CCRs consist of fly ash, bottom ash, and gypsum. Any new regulation that would affect the reclamation process, including any future decision regarding classification of CCRs as hazardous waste, could significantly increase the costs of the disposal of CCRs and the costs of mine reclamation. In addition, PNM would incur additional costs to the extent the rule requires the closure or modification of CCR units at Four Corners or the construction of new CCR units beyond those already anticipated or requires corrective action to address releases from CCR disposal units at the site. See Note 16.
A regulatory body may identify a site requiring environmental cleanup, including cleanup related to catastrophic events such as hurricanes or wildfires, and designate PNM or TNMP as a responsible party. There is also uncertainty in quantifying exposure under environmental laws that impose joint and several liability on all potentially responsible parties. Failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations, even if such non-compliance is caused by factors beyond PNM’s or TNMP’s control, may result in the assessment of civil or criminal penalties and fines.
In the first round of the CAA regional haze program, BART determinations were made for both SJGS and Four Corners, requiring the facilities to reduce the levels of visibility-impairing emissions, including NOx, through the installation of control technology, resulting in operating cost increases. Deadlines for SIPs for the second planning period were in July 2021 which NMED was unable to meet. NMED is currently preparing its next regional haze SIP and notified PNM that it will not be required to submit a regional haze four-factor analysis for SJGS since PNM retired its share of SJGS in 2022.
In February 2024, EPA proposed to impose a federal implementation plan on New Mexico to address the interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, referred to by EPA as the “good neighbor” rule. If finalized as proposed, compliance with the rule would require specified fossil fuel-fired generating resources to participate in an ozone-season NOx emission allowance trading program that will limit total NOx emissions from all affected units within the state of New Mexico.
If PNM fails to timely obtain, maintain or comply with any required environmental regulatory approval, operations at affected facilities could be suspended or could subject PNM to additional expenses and potential penalties. Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations also could result in civil liability arising out of government enforcement actions or private claims. Environmental noncompliance could also result in reputational harm, which may cause stock price decreases or cause certain investors and financial institutions not to purchase the Company’s debt securities or otherwise provide the Company with capital or credit on favorable terms, which may cause the cost of capital to increase. In addition, PNMR and its operating subsidiaries may underestimate the costs of environmental compliance, liabilities, and litigation due to the uncertainty inherent in these matters. Although there is uncertainty about the timing and form of the implementation of EPA’s regulations regarding GHG emissions, climate change, CCRs, power plant emissions, changes to the ambient air quality standards, and other environmental issues, the promulgation and implementation of such regulations could have a material impact on operations. The Company is unable to estimate these costs due to the many uncertainties associated with, among other things, the nature and extent of future regulations and changes in existing regulations, including the changes in regulatory policy under the Biden Administration. Timely regulatory recovery of costs associated with any environmental-related regulations would be needed to maintain a strong financial and operational profile. The above factors could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and liquidity.
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP are subject to complex government regulation unrelated to the environment, which may have a negative impact on their businesses, financial position and results of operations.
To operate their businesses, PNMR, PNM, and TNMP are required to have numerous permits and approvals from a variety of regulatory agencies. Regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over the utilities include the NMPRC, NMED, PUCT, TCEQ, ERCOT, FERC, NRC, EPA, and NERC. Oversight by these agencies covers many aspects of the Company’s utility operations including, but not limited to: location, construction, and operation of facilities; the purchase of power under long-term contracts; conditions of service; the issuance of securities; and rates charged to customers. FERC has issued a number of rules pertaining to preventing undue discrimination in transmission services and electric reliability standards. The significant level of regulation imposes restrictions on the operations of the Company and causes the incurrence of substantial compliance costs. PNMR and its subsidiaries are unable to predict the impact on their business and operating results from future actions of any agency regulating the Company. Changes in existing regulations or the adoption of new ones could result in additional expenses and/or changes in business operations. Failure to comply with any applicable rules, regulations or decisions may lead to customer refunds, fines, penalties, and other payments, which could materially and adversely affect the results of operations and financial condition of PNMR and its subsidiaries.
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Operational Risks
Customer electricity usage could be reduced by increases in prices charged and other factors. This could result in underutilization of PNM’s generating capacity, as well as underutilization of the capacities of PNM’s and TNMP’s transmission and distribution systems. Should this occur, operating and capital costs might not be fully recovered, and financial performance could be negatively impacted.
A number of factors influence customers’ electricity usage. These factors include but are not limited to rates charged by PNM and TNMP, rates charged by REPs utilizing TNMP’s facilities to deliver power, energy efficiency initiatives, unusual weather patterns, availability and cost of alternative sources of power, and national, regional, or local economic conditions.
These factors and others may prompt customers to institute additional energy efficiency measures or take other actions that would result in lower energy consumption. If customers bypass or underutilize PNM’s and TNMP’s facilities through self-generation, renewable, or other energy resources, technological change, or other measures, revenues would be negatively impacted.
PNM’s and TNMP’s service territories include several military bases and federally funded national laboratories, as well as large industrial customers that have significant direct and indirect impacts on the local economies where they operate. The Company does not directly provide service to any of the military bases or national laboratories but does provide service to large industrial customers. The Company’s business could be hurt from the impacts on the local economies associated with these customer groups as well as directly from the large industrial customers for a number of reasons including federally-mandated base closures, significant curtailment of the activities at the bases or national laboratories, and closure of industrial facilities or significant curtailment of their activities.
Another factor that could negatively impact the Company is that proposals are periodically advanced in various localities to municipalize, or otherwise take over PNM’s facilities, which PNM believes would require state legislative or other legal action to implement, or to establish new municipal utilities in areas currently served by PNM. If any such initiative is successful, the result could be a material reduction in the usage of the facilities, a reduction in rate base, and reduced earnings.
Should any of the above factors result in facilities being underutilized, the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be significantly impacted.
Advances in technology could make electric generating facilities less competitive.
Research and development activities are ongoing for new technologies that produce power or reduce power consumption. These technologies include renewable energy, customer-oriented generation, energy storage, and energy efficiency. PNM generates power at central station power plants to achieve economies of scale and produce power at a cost that is competitive with rates established through the regulatory process. There are distributed generation technologies that produce power, including fuel cells, microturbines, wind turbines, and solar cells, which have become increasingly cost competitive. These advances in technology have reduced the costs of these alternative methods of producing power to a level that is competitive with that of central station power production. In addition, advances made in the capabilities of energy storage have further decreased power production and peak usage through the dispatch of more battery systems. These technological advances have resulted in demand reduction that negatively impact revenue and/or result in underutilized assets that have been built to serve peak usage. In addition, certain federal, state, or local requirements that regulated utilities such as PNM are required to follow could result in third parties being able to provide electricity from similar generation technologies to consumers at prices lower than PNM is able to offer. As these technologies become more cost competitive or can be used by third-parties to supply power at lower prices than PNM is able to offer, PNM’s energy sales and/or regulated returns could be eroded, and the value of its generating facilities could be reduced. Advances in technology could also change the channels through which electric customers purchase or use power, which could reduce the Company’s sales and revenues or increase expenses. These advances can also create more uncertainty in load shapes and forecasts, which could have implications for generation and system planning.
Costs of decommissioning, remediation, and restoration of nuclear and fossil-fueled power plants, as well as reclamation of related coal mines, could exceed the estimates of PNMR and PNM as well as the amounts PNM recovers from its ratepayers, which could negatively impact results of operations and liquidity.
PNM has interests in a nuclear power plant, two coal-fired power plants, and several natural gas-fired power plants and is obligated to pay its share of the costs to decommission these facilities. PNM is also obligated to pay for its share of the costs of reclamation of the mines that supply coal to the coal-fired power plants. Likewise, other owners or participants are responsible for their shares of the decommissioning and reclamation obligations and it is important to PNM that those parties fulfill their obligations. Rates charged by PNM to its customers, as approved by the NMPRC, include a provision for recovery of certain costs of decommissioning, remediation, reclamation, and restoration. The NMPRC has established a cap on the amount of costs for the final reclamation of the surface coal mines that may be recovered from customers. PNM records estimated liabilities for its share of the legal obligations for decommissioning and reclamation. These estimates include many
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assumptions about future events and are inherently imprecise. In the event the costs to decommission the facilities or to reclaim the mines serving the plants exceed current estimates, or if amounts are not approved for recovery by the NMPRC, results of operations could be negatively impacted.
The costs of decommissioning any nuclear power plant are substantial. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions under lease both during and after termination of the leases. PNM maintains trust funds designed to provide adequate financial resources for decommissioning PVNGS and SJGS, and for reclamation of the coal mine that served SJGS and continue to serve Four Corners at the end of their expected lives. However, if the PVNGS units are decommissioned before their planned date or the coal mine serving Four Corners is shut down sooner than expected, these funds may prove to be insufficient.
The financial performance of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP may be adversely affected if power plants, other generation resources, and transmission and distribution systems do not operate reliably and efficiently.
The Company’s financial performance depends on the successful operation of PNM’s generation assets, as well as the transmission and distribution systems of PNM and TNMP. PNM’s retirement of SJGS and the potential retirement of Four Corners will increase PNM’s dependency on other generation resources, including renewable resources, gas-fired facilities, and PVNGS, and will reduce PNM’s flexibility in managing those resources. Unscheduled or longer than expected maintenance outages, breakdown or failure of equipment or processes due to aging infrastructure, inability to install or operate renewable resources, temporary or permanent shutdowns to achieve environmental compliance, other performance problems with the generation assets, severe weather conditions, accidents and other catastrophic events, acts of war or terrorism, cybersecurity attacks, wildfires, disruptions in the supply, quality, and delivery of fuel and water supplies, and other factors could result in PNM’s load requirements being larger than available system generation capacity. Unplanned outages of generating units and extensions of scheduled outages occur from time to time and are an inherent risk of the Company’s business. If these were to occur, PNM would be required to purchase electricity in either the wholesale market or spot market at the then-current market price. There can be no assurance that sufficient electricity would be available at reasonable prices, or available at all. The failure of transmission or distribution facilities may also affect PNM’s and TNMP’s ability to deliver power. These potential generation, distribution, and transmission problems, and any service interruptions related to them, could result in lost revenues and additional costs.
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP are subject to information security breaches and risks of unauthorized access to their information and operational technology systems as well as physical threats to assets.
The Company faces the risk of physical and cybersecurity attacks, both threatened and actual, against generation facilities, transmission and distribution infrastructure, information technology systems, and network infrastructure, which could negatively impact the ability of the Company to generate, transport, and deliver power, or otherwise operate facilities in the most efficient manner or at all.
The utility industry in which the Company operates is a highly regulated industry that requires the continued operation of sophisticated information technology systems and network infrastructure, some of which are deemed to be critical infrastructure under NERC guidelines. Certain of the Company’s systems are interconnected with external networks. In the regular course of business, the utilities handle a range of sensitive security and customer information. PNM and TNMP are subject to the rules of various agencies and the laws of various states, related to safeguarding and maintaining the confidentiality of this information. Cyber-attacks regularly occur, and generally are unsuccessful. To date, those few events that were successful did not result in significant or consequential business impacts. However, despite steps the Company may take to detect, mitigate, and/or eliminate threats and respond to security incidents, the techniques used by those who wish to obtain unauthorized access, and possibly disable or sabotage systems and/or abscond with information and data, change frequently and continue to evolve with the use of artificial intelligence and the Company may not be able to protect against all such actions.
In the event that a capable adversary attacks the Company’s computer and operating systems, despite the best efforts of the Company, the generation, transmission, or distribution of electrical services could be degraded or disrupted, customer information, business records, or other sensitive data could be lost, destroyed, or released outside of the Company’s control. Further, the Company’s use of technologies manufactured by third parties may be subject to espionage activities, and cyber-attack of the third party resulting in losses outside of the control of the Company. Although the Company has implemented security measures to identify, prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from cyber and physical security events and supply chain disruptions, critical infrastructure, including information and operational technology systems, are vulnerable to disability, failures, or unauthorized access, which could occur as a result of malicious compromise, employee error, and/or employee misconduct or supply compromise. A successful physical or cybersecurity attack or other similar failure of the systems could impact the reliability of PNM’s generation and PNM’s and TNMP’s transmission and distribution systems, including the possible unauthorized shutdown of facilities. Such an event could lead to disruptions of business operations, including the Company’s ability to generate, transport, and deliver power to serve customers, to bill customers, and to process other financial information. A breach of the Company’s information systems could also lead to the loss and destruction of confidential and proprietary data, personally identifiable information, trade secrets, intellectual property and supplier data, and could disrupt
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business operations which could harm the Company’s reputation and financial results, as well as potential increased regulatory oversight, litigation, fines, and other remedial action. The costs incurred to investigate and remediate a physical or cybersecurity attack could be significant. A significant physical or cybersecurity attack on the Company’s critical infrastructure could have an adverse impact on the operations, reputation and financial condition of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP.
There are inherent risks in the ownership and operation of nuclear facilities.
Following the transfer of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest to SRP in January 2023 and the expiration of the leased interest in Unit 2 in January 2024, PNM currently has a 7.3% undivided interest in PVNGS. PVNGS represented 10.7% of PNM’s total generating capacity as of December 31, 2023. PVNGS is subject to environmental, health, and financial risks including but not limited to the ability to obtain adequate supplies of nuclear fuel and water, the ability to dispose of spent nuclear fuel, decommissioning of the plant (see above), securing the facilities against possible terrorist attacks, and unscheduled outages due to equipment failures.
The NRC has broad authority under federal law to impose licensing and safety-related requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities. Events at nuclear facilities of other operators or which impact the industry generally may lead the NRC to impose additional requirements and regulations on all nuclear generation facilities, including PVNGS. A major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world could cause the NRC to limit or prohibit the operation or licensing of any domestic nuclear unit and to promulgate new regulations that could require significant capital expenditures and/or increase operating costs.
In the event of noncompliance with its requirements, the NRC has the authority to impose a progressively increasing inspection regime that could ultimately result in the shutdown of a unit, civil penalties, or both, depending upon the NRC’s assessment of the severity of the situation, until compliance is achieved. Increased costs resulting from penalties, a heightened level of scrutiny, and/or implementation of plans to achieve compliance with NRC requirements could adversely affect the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of PNMR and PNM. Although PNM has no reason to anticipate a serious nuclear incident at PVNGS, if an incident did occur, it could materially and adversely affect PNM’s results of operations and financial condition.
PNM has external insurance coverage to minimize its financial exposure to some risks. However, it is possible that liabilities associated with nuclear operations could exceed the amount of insurance coverage. See Note 16.
Peak demand for power could exceed forecasted supply capacity, resulting in increased costs for purchasing capacity in the market or building additional generation facilities and/or battery storage facilities.
PNM is obligated to supply power to retail customers. As PNM continues to complete the significant transition in generation resources necessary to achieve 100% carbon emission-free generation by 2040, there are certain potential deliverability and cost risks associated with this transition. These risks are in three main areas, including 1) risk of completion of replacement resources prior to planned generation unit retirements, 2) increasing levels of renewable generation presenting risks of uncertainty and variability that will be further compounded as neighboring systems transition towards increasing levels of renewable resources, and 3) risks for mitigating possible resource volatility through a shrinking energy market.
At peak times, power demand could exceed PNM’s forecasted available generation capacity, particularly if PNM’s power plants are not performing as anticipated and additional resources are not approved, or are not available, as PNM transitions its system to carbon emission-free generation and battery storage. Availability of this technology may create additional strain on the system by adding these additional resources without adequate storage. Additionally, further advances in the technology of renewable resources may need to occur in order to ensure that these resources meet carbon emission-free standards. Competitive market forces or adverse regulatory actions may require PNM to purchase capacity and energy from the market or build additional resources to meet customers’ energy needs in an expedited manner. If that occurs, PNM may see opposition to recovery of these additional costs and could experience a lag between when costs are incurred and when regulators permit recovery in customers’ rates. These situations could have negative impacts on results of operations and cash flows.
As a result of construction delays, most of the SJGS replacement resources were not available for the 2022 and 2023 summer peak load periods. If these delays continue, PNM’s existing resources, including available reserves, may be insufficient for 2024 summer peak load reliability. Prolonged delays in replacement resources for SJGS, PVNGS, availability of existing resources, and increased costs for purchasing capacity may negatively impact the results of operations and cash flows. See Note 17.
In 2022, the NMPRC adopted revisions to the IRP Rule that revamp and modernize the planning process to accommodate increased stakeholder involvement. The IRP Rule establishes a collaborative facilitated process for a utility and stakeholders to agree on a statement of need for potential new or additional resources, as well as an action plan to guide procurement or development of resources to meet the stated need. Following acceptance of the statement of need and action plan, a utility will provide the NMPRC and intervenors drafts of the request for proposals (“RFP”) and a timeline for issuing,
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receiving, evaluating, and ranking bids. The NMPRC will then appoint an Independent Monitor (“IM”) to oversee the RFP process, which allows for parties and the IM to comment on the RFP consistency with the IRP, after which the utility issues the RFP. On December 2, 2022, PNM filed an appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC’s final order which adopted revisions to the IRP Rule. See Note 17. The proposed oversight of the procurement process is likely to prevent a utility’s timely acquisition of necessary resources and may inhibit competitive procurement.
Difficulties in obtaining permits and rights-of-way could negatively impact PNM’s results of operations.
PNM’s ability to execute planned operational activities and projects may be inhibited by difficulties in obtaining permits and rights-of-way and other delays. Many of PNM’s transmission and distribution lines cross federal, state, and tribal lands. The Company can experience significant delays in obtaining approvals for new infrastructure, as well as renewals of existing rights-of-way and access for critical maintenance, including vegetation management on these lands. The environmental regulations governing siting and permitting on federal, state, and tribal lands are complex, involve multiple agencies, and include a public process. Any of these risk factors could result in higher costs, delays, or the inability to complete planned projects.
General Economic and Weather Risks
Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our business.
Interest rates have increased and may continue to increase in the future. As a result, interest rates on future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. In addition, because we use both fixed and variable rate debt, we are exposed to market risk due to the floating interest rates on our variable rate borrowings. Our results of operations, cash flows and financial position could be affected adversely by significant fluctuations in interest rates from current levels.
Supply chain issues, high inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns and other market conditions, geopolitical activity and the resulting impact on business and economic conditions could negatively affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and the trading value of PNMR’s common stock and the Company’s debt securities.
Continued supply chain issues were initially experienced during high inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, geopolitical activity and the resulting impact on the economy and financial markets could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and access to the capital markets. The Company provides critical electric services and has implemented business continuity and emergency response plans to continue to provide these services to its customers and to support the Company’s operations. The Company is also continuing to work with our suppliers to understand and mitigate the potential impacts to our supply chain and have taken steps to ensure the availability of critical components by increasing lead times and maintaining integrity of our systems.
However, there is no assurance that the continued effects of these market conditions will not adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, ability to access the capital markets, and the trading value of the Company’s common stock and debt securities. These effects could adversely impact the Company by:
•reducing usage and/or demand for electricity by our customers in New Mexico and Texas;
•causing delays and disruptions in the availability of and timely delivery of materials and components used in our operations;
•causing delays and disruptions in the supply chain resulting in disruptions in the commercial operation dates of certain projects;
•causing a deterioration in the credit quality of our counterparties, including power purchase agreement providers, contractors or retail customers, that could result in credit losses;
•causing impairments of goodwill or long-lived assets and adversely impacting the Company’s ability to develop, construct and operate facilities;
•impacting the Company’s ability to meet the requirements of the covenants in our existing credit facilities, including covenants regarding debt to capitalization;
•causing a deterioration in our financial metrics or the business environment that impacts our credit ratings;
•decreasing the value of our investment securities held in trusts for pension and other postretirement benefits, and for nuclear decommissioning, SJGS decommissioning, and coal mine reclamation, which could lead to increased funding requirements;
•impacting our liquidity position and cost of and ability to access funds from financial institutions and capital markets; and
•causing other unpredictable events.
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General economic conditions of the nation and/or specific areas can affect the Company’s customers and suppliers. Economic recession or downturn may result in decreased consumption by customers and increased bad debt expense, and could also negatively impact suppliers, all of which could negatively affect the Company.
Economic activity in the service territories of PNMR subsidiaries is a key factor in their performance. Decreased economic activity can lead to declines in energy consumption, which could adversely affect future revenues, earnings, and growth. Higher unemployment rates, both in the Company’s service territories and nationwide, could result in commercial customers ceasing operations and lower levels of income for residential customers. These customers might then be unable to pay their bills on time, which could increase bad debt expense and negatively impact results of operations and cash flows. Economic conditions also impact the supply and/or cost of commodities and materials needed to construct or acquire utility assets or make necessary repairs.
The operating results of PNMR and its operating subsidiaries are seasonal and are affected by weather conditions.
Electric generation, transmission, and distribution are generally seasonal businesses that vary with the demand for power. With power consumption typically peaking during the hot summer months, revenues traditionally peak during that period. As a result, quarterly operating results of PNMR and its operating subsidiaries vary throughout the year. In addition, PNMR and its operating subsidiaries have historically had lower revenues resulting in lower earnings when weather conditions are milder. Unusually mild weather in the future could reduce the revenues, net earnings, and cash flows of the Company.
Drought conditions in New Mexico, especially in the “four corners” region, where Four Corners is located, may affect the water supply for PNM’s generating plants. If inadequate precipitation occurs in the watershed that supplies that region, PNM may have to decrease generation at these plants. This would require PNM to purchase power to serve customers and/or reduce the ability to sell excess power on the wholesale market and reduce revenues. Drought conditions or actions taken by the court system, regulators, or legislators could limit PNM’s supply of water, which would adversely impact PNM’s business.
TNMP’s service areas are exposed to extreme weather, including high winds, drought, flooding, ice storms, and periodic hurricanes. Extreme weather conditions, particularly high winds and severe thunderstorms, also occur periodically in PNM’s service areas. These severe weather events can physically damage facilities owned by TNMP and PNM. Any such occurrence both disrupts the ability to deliver energy and increases costs. Extreme weather can also reduce customers’ usage and demand for energy or could result in the Company incurring obligations to third parties related to such events. These factors could negatively impact results of operations and cash flows.
The impact of wildfires could negatively affect PNM’s and TNMP’s results of operations.
PNM and TNMP have large networks of electric transmission and distribution facilities. Weather conditions including severe drought, high winds, and the natural desert vegetation in the U.S. Southwest region and Texas could contribute to wildfires in or near PNM’s and TNMP’s service territories. PNM and TNMP take proactive steps to mitigate wildfire risk. However, wildfire risk is always present and PNM and TNMP could be held liable for damages incurred as a result of wildfires caused, or allegedly caused, by their transmission and distribution systems. In addition, wildfires could cause damage to PNM’s and TNMP’s assets that could result in loss of service to customers or make it difficult to supply power in sufficient quantities to meet customer needs. These events could have negative impacts on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Financial Risks
PNMR may be unable to meet its ongoing and future financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock if its subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends or distributions to PNMR.
PNMR is a holding company and has no operations of its own. PNMR’s ability to meet its financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock primarily depends on the net earnings and cash flows of PNM and TNMP and their capacity to pay upstream dividends or distributions. Prior to providing funds to PNMR, PNM and TNMP have financial and regulatory obligations that must be satisfied, including among others, debt service and, in the case of PNM, preferred stock dividends.
The NMPRC has placed certain restrictions on the ability of PNM to pay dividends to PNMR, including that PNM cannot pay dividends that cause its debt rating to fall below investment grade. The NMPRC has also restricted PNM from paying dividends in any year, as determined on a rolling four-quarter basis, in excess of net earnings without prior NMPRC approval. PNM is permitted to pay dividends to PNMR from prior equity contributions made by PNMR. Additionally, PNMR’s financing agreements generally include a covenant to maintain a debt-to-capitalization ratio that does not exceed 70%, and PNM and TNMP’s financing arrangements generally include a covenant to maintain debt-to-capitalization ratios that do not exceed 65%. PNM also has various financial covenants that limit the transfer of assets, through dividends or other means and the Federal Power Act imposes certain restrictions on dividends paid by public utilities, including that dividends cannot be paid from paid-in capital.
Further, the ability of PNMR to declare dividends depends upon the extent to which cash flows will support dividends, the Company’s financial circumstances and performance, economic conditions in the U.S. and in the Company’s service areas,
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future growth plans and the related capital requirements, and other business considerations. Declaration of dividends may also be affected by decisions of the NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT in various regulatory cases currently pending or that may be docketed in the future, including the outcome of appeals of those decisions, conditions imposed by the NMPRC, PUCT, or Federal Power Act, and the effect of federal regulatory decisions and legislative acts.
Disruption in the credit and capital markets may impact the Company’s strategy and ability to raise capital.
PNMR and its subsidiaries rely on access to both short-term and longer-term capital markets as sources of liquidity for any capital requirements not satisfied by cash flow from operations. In general, the Company relies on its short-term credit facilities as the initial source to finance construction expenditures. This results in increased borrowings under the facilities over time. The Company is currently projecting total construction expenditures for the years 2024-2028 to be $6.1 billion. If PNMR or its operating subsidiaries are not able to access capital at competitive rates, or at all, PNMR’s ability to finance capital requirements and implement its strategy will be limited. Disruptions in the credit markets, which could negatively impact the Company’s access to capital, could be caused by an economic recession, declines in the health of the banking sector generally or the failure of specific banks who are parties to the Company’s credit facilities, deterioration in the overall health of the utility industry, the bankruptcy of an unrelated energy company, war, terrorist attacks, cybersecurity attacks, or threatened attacks.
If the Company’s cash flow and credit and capital resources are insufficient to fund capital expenditure plans, the Company may be forced to delay important capital investments, sell assets, seek additional equity or debt capital, or restructure debt. In addition, insufficient cash flows and capital resources may result in reductions of credit ratings. This could negatively impact the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness on acceptable terms and would result in an increase in the interest rates applicable under the Company’s credit facilities. The Company’s cash flow and capital resources may be insufficient to pay interest and principal on debt in the future. If that should occur, the Company’s capital raising or debt restructuring measures may be unsuccessful or inadequate to meet scheduled debt service obligations. This could cause the Company to default on its obligations and further impair liquidity.
Reduction in credit ratings or changing rating agency requirements could materially and adversely affect the Company’s growth, strategy, business, financial position, results of operations, and liquidity.
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP cannot be sure that any of their current credit ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be put under review for a downgrade, lowered, or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency. As discussed in MD&A - Liquidity and Capital Resources, all of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP debt ratings are investments grade. Downgrades or changing requirements could result in increased borrowing costs due to higher interest rates on current borrowings or future financings, a smaller potential pool of investors, and decreased funding sources. Such conditions also could require the provision of additional support in the form of letters of credit and cash or other collateral to various counterparties.
Declines in values of marketable securities held in trust funds for pension and other postretirement benefits, in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts, and in the SJGS decommissioning trust could result in sustained increases in costs and funding requirements for those obligations, which may affect operational results.
The pension plans’ targeted asset allocation is 50% liability matching fixed and 50% return generating income, which includes alternative income. The Company uses a strategy, known as Liability Driven Investing, which seeks to select investments that match the liabilities of the pension plans. The OPEB plans generally use the same pension fixed income and equity investment managers and utilize the same overall investment strategy as the pension plans, except there is no allocation to alternative investments and the OPEB plans have a target asset allocation of 30% equities and 70% fixed income.
The NDT investment portfolio maintains a target of 80% fixed income and 20% equity securities. The current asset allocation exposes the NDT investment portfolio to market and macroeconomic factors. Declines in market values could result in increased funding of the trusts, the recognition of losses as impairments for the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts, SJGS decommissioning trust, and additional expense for the benefit plans. In addition, a change in GAAP required that all changes in the fair value of equity securities recorded on the Company’s balance sheet be reflected in earnings, which results in increased volatility in earnings.
Impairments of goodwill and long-lived assets of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.
The Company annually evaluates recorded goodwill for impairment. See Note 1 and the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section of MD&A. Long-lived assets are also assessed whenever indicators of impairment exist. Factors that affect the long-term value of these assets, including treatment by regulators in ratemaking proceedings, as well as other economic and market conditions, could result in impairments. Significant impairments could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.
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The impacts and implementation of U.S. tax reform legislation may negatively impact PNMR’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s businesses, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Changes in tax laws may negatively impact PNMR’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s businesses, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company possesses tax credits and other carryforwards, the value of which could be diminished by new laws or the Company’s ability to timely utilize them. Increases in tax rates may not be immediately recoverable through PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated rates, reducing earnings. Tax laws and regulations may also negatively impact the relative value of some resource investments over others, making those investments less competitive.
Governance Risks
Provisions of PNMR’s organizational documents, as well as several other statutory and regulatory factors, will limit another party’s ability to acquire PNMR and could deprive PNMR’s shareholders of the opportunity to receive a takeover premium for shares of PNMR’s common stock.
PNMR’s restated articles of incorporation and by-laws include a number of provisions that may have the effect of discouraging persons from acquiring large blocks of PNMR’s common stock or delaying or preventing a change in control of PNMR. The material provisions that may have such an effect include:
•Authorization for the Board to issue PNMR’s preferred stock in series and to fix rights and preferences of the series (including, among other things, voting rights and preferences with respect to dividends and other matters)
•Advance notice procedures with respect to any proposal other than those adopted or recommended by the Board
•Provisions specifying that only a majority of the Board, the chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or holders of at least one-tenth of all of PNMR’s shares entitled to vote may call a special meeting of shareholders
Under the New Mexico Public Utility Act, NMPRC approval is required for certain transactions that may result in PNMR’s change in control or exercise of control, including ownership of 10% or more of PNMR’s voting stock. PUCT approval is required for changes to the ownership of TNMP or its parent and certain other transactions relating to TNMP. Certain acquisitions of PNMR’s outstanding voting securities also require FERC approval.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Process for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks
From an overall enterprise risk management perspective, the Company views cybersecurity as a “tier 1” risk and considers it one of its top priorities. The Company’s cybersecurity program (the “Cybersecurity Program”) includes processes to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Cybersecurity Program utilizes a risk-based approach and includes written cybersecurity and information technology policies and procedures, including a cybersecurity incident response plan. The Company’s Cybersecurity Program is led by its Vice President and Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), who oversees the management and development of all business technology and security for the Company and its subsidiaries. The CIO is also responsible for federal reliability standards compliance, critical infrastructure protection and the supply chain function.
The Cybersecurity Program is a robust, enterprise-wide, risk-based security program that adheres to the guidelines of the National Institute of Science and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework for Protecting Critical Infrastructure to define material risks and establish controls designed to protect, detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity incidents. To protect the most critical systems, the Company also complies with the NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards.
The Company regularly assesses control results through third party audits, penetration tests and internal assessments to continuously improve cyber protections and data privacy controls. The Company partners with government and industry peers in several cybersecurity programs to share information and provide mutual assistance in the event of a cyber-attack. Supply chain risk of third-party suppliers is also assessed as part of the procurement process and incorporates cybersecurity contractual stipulations in its supplier contracts. The Company remains focused on increasing cybersecurity awareness and is continuously evaluating and implementing effective, up-to-date technologies and processes to enhance its cybersecurity capabilities.
The Company engages in the periodic assessment and testing of the Company’s policies, standards, processes and practices that are designed to address cybersecurity threats and incidents. These efforts include a wide range of activities,
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including audits, assessments, tabletop exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing and other exercises focused on evaluating the effectiveness of the Company’s cybersecurity measures and planning. The Company regularly engages third parties to perform assessments on the Company’s cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits and independent reviews of the Company’s information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits, and reviews are reported to the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board, and the Company adjusts its cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by these assessments, audits, and reviews.
Risks from cybersecurity threats
The information set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” — “PNMR, PNM, and TNMP are subject to information security breaches and risks of unauthorized access to their information and operational technology systems as well as physical threats to assets.” on page A-16 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference. As of December 31, 2023, our financial condition, results of operations or business strategy have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents.
Cybersecurity Governance
Management’s role in assessing and managing the Company’s material risks from cybersecurity threats
The Company’s management is responsible for managing cybersecurity risk and bringing to the Audit and Ethics Committee and Board’s attention the most significant cybersecurity risks facing the Company. The CIO oversees the Company’s Cybersecurity Program and reports to the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. The CIO leads the development, implementation, and enforcement of security policies and data breach resiliency plans, as well as works with internal and external cybersecurity and IT teams to monitor and maintain the security of the Company’s IT infrastructure. The CIO is supported by a team of enterprise information, system security, and risk professionals. The CIO receives reports on cybersecurity threats on an ongoing basis and regularly reviews risk management measures implemented by the Company to identify and mitigate data security and cybersecurity risks. The CIO updates senior management on these matters and works closely with the General Counsel to oversee compliance with legal, regulatory, and contractual security requirements. The CIO has significant information technology and program management experience and has served many years in the Company’s information security organization. The CIO is a Certified Information Systems Security Professional, Certified Information Systems Auditor and Certified Information Security Manager. In addition, the CIO has a M.S. in Information Systems.
Board oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats
Cybersecurity risk oversight remains a priority for the Board who is responsible for oversight of the Company’s information security program, including compliance and risk management and the review of cybersecurity risks. The Board has adopted a Cyber Risk Policy which is overseen by the Audit and Ethics Committee. The Audit and Ethics Committee’s oversight of cyber risk management assists in the Board’s assessment of the adequacy of resources, funding, and focus within the Company with respect to cyber risk. Specifically, the Audit and Ethics Committee assists the Board in its oversight responsibilities regarding the company-wide security risk management practices, including overseeing the practices, procedures, and controls that management uses to identify, assess, respond to, remediate, and mitigate risks related to cybersecurity. The Audit and Ethics Committee provides oversight of management’s efforts to identify and mitigate cyber risk. Specifically, senior leadership, including the CIO, regularly briefs the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board on Company’s cybersecurity posture. In executing its risk oversight duties, the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board can and does access internal and external expertise regarding the Company’s challenges and opportunities related to cybersecurity
ITEM 2.PROPERTIES
PNMR
The significant properties owned by PNMR include those owned by PNM and TNMP and are disclosed below.
PNM
See Sources of Power in Part I, Item 1 Business above for information on PNM’s owned and leased capacity in electric generating stations. As of December 31, 2023, PNM owned, or jointly owned, 3,428 miles of electric transmission lines, 5,768 miles of distribution overhead lines, 6,098 miles of underground distribution lines (excluding street lighting), and 251 substations. PNM’s electric transmission and distribution lines are generally located within easements and rights-of-way on public, private, and Native American lands. PNM owns and leases communication, office and other equipment, office space,
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vehicles, and real estate. PNM also owns service and office facilities throughout its service territory. See Note 8 for additional information concerning leases.
TNMP
TNMP’s facilities consist primarily of transmission and distribution facilities located in its service areas. TNMP also owns and leases vehicles, service facilities, and office locations throughout its service territory. As of December 31, 2023, TNMP owned 1,026 miles of overhead electric transmission lines, 7,328 miles of overhead distribution lines, 1,516 miles of underground distribution lines, and 128 substations. Substantially all of TNMP’s property is pledged to secure its first mortgage bonds. See Note 7.
ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 16 and Note 17 for information related to the following matters for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP, incorporated in this item by reference.
Note 16
•Cooling Water Intake Structures
•Santa Fe Generating Station
Note 17
•PNM – 2020 Decoupling
•PNM – Integrated Resource Plan
•PNM – Grid Modernization Application
•PNM – Community Solar Act
•TNMP – Transmission Cost of Service Rates
•TNMP – Periodic Distribution Rate Adjustment
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
All officers are elected annually by the Board of PNMR. Executive officers, their ages as of February 16, 2024 and offices held with PNMR for the past five years are as follows:

Name |  | Age |  | Office |  | Initial Effective Date
P. K. Collawn |  | 65 |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer |  | January 2012
J. D. Tarry |  | 53 |  | President and Chief Operating Officer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | January 2020
|  |  |  | Vice President, Controller and Treasurer |  | September 2018
E. A. Eden |  | 57 |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Vice President and Treasurer |  | February 2021
P. V. Apodaca |  | 72 |  | Senior Vice President, General Counsel, and Secretary |  | January 2010

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PART II
ITEM 5.MARKET FOR PNMR’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
PNMR’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “PNM”.
Dividends on PNMR’s common stock are declared by its Board. The timing of the declaration of dividends is dependent on the timing of meetings and other actions of the Board. This has historically resulted in dividends considered to be attributable to the second quarter of each year being declared through actions of the Board during the third quarter of the year. The Board declared dividends on common stock considered to be for the second quarter of $0.3675 per share in August 2023 and $0.3475 per share in August 2022. The Board declared dividends on common stock considered to be for the third quarter of $0.3675 per share in September 2023 and $0.3475 per share in September 2022. In December 2022, the Board increased the quarterly dividend from $0.3475 to $0.3675 per share. In December 2023, the Board increased the quarterly dividend from $0.3675 to $0.3875 per share. PNMR targets a long-term dividend payout ratio of 5% of ongoing earnings per share growth, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, that excludes from GAAP earnings certain non-recurring, infrequent, and other items that are not indicative of fundamental changes in the earnings capacity of the Company’s operations. PNMR uses ongoing earnings to evaluate the operations of the Company and to establish goals, including those used for certain aspects of incentive compensation, for management and employees.
On February 16, 2024, there were 6,941 holders of record of PNMR’s common stock. All of the outstanding common stock of PNM and TNMP is held by PNMR. There have been no issuer purchases of equity securities.
All of PNM’s and TNMP’s common stock is owned by PNMR and is not listed for trading on any stock exchange. See Note 6 for a discussion on limitations on the payments of dividends and the payment of future dividends, as well as dividends paid by PNM and TNMP.
See Part III, Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2023, PNM has 115,293 shares of cumulative preferred stock outstanding. PNM is not aware of any active trading market for its cumulative preferred stock. Quarterly cash dividends were paid on PNM’s outstanding cumulative preferred stock at the stated rates during 2023 and 2022. PNMR and TNMP do not have any preferred stock outstanding.
Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for PNMR is presented on a combined basis, including certain information applicable to PNM and TNMP. This report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. The MD&A for PNM and TNMP is presented as permitted by Form 10-K General Instruction I (2) as amended by the FAST Act. For additional information related to the earliest of the two years presented please refer to the Company’s 2022 Annual Report on Form 10-K. A reference to a “Note” in this Item 7 refers to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, unless otherwise specified. Certain of the tables below may not appear visually accurate due to rounding.
MD&A FOR PNMR
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview and Strategy
PNMR is a holding company with two regulated utilities serving approximately 824,000 residential, commercial, and industrial customers and end-users of electricity in New Mexico and Texas. PNMR’s electric utilities are PNM and TNMP. PNMR strives to create a clean and bright energy future for customers, communities, and shareholders. PNMR’s strategy and decision-making are focused on safely providing reliable, affordable, and environmentally responsible power built on a foundation of Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) principles.
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Recent Developments
Merger
On October 20, 2020, PNMR, Avangrid and Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Merger Sub would have merged with and into PNMR, with PNMR surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid. The Merger Agreement provided that it may be terminated by each of PNMR and Avangrid if the Effective Time shall not have occurred by December 31, 2023 End Date. On December 31, 2023, Avangrid informed PNMR that it was terminating the Merger Agreement effective as of December 31, 2023.
2024 Rate Change
In December 2022, PNM filed the 2024 Rate Change with the NMPRC. The application proposed an increase of $63.8 million in base non-fuel revenues. The requested increase was based on a calendar year 2024 FTY and reflected an ROE of 10.25%, investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure, largely offset by cost reductions resulting from PNM’s transition to lower-cost, clean generation resources including the retirement of the SJGS and expiration of leased capacity from PVNGS. The request also included updated depreciation rates for natural gas plants to align with the Company’s 2040 carbon-free portfolio goal.
On December 8, 2023, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD proposed an increase in non-fuel revenues of $6.1 million compared to the $63.8 million increase requested by PNM. Major components of the difference in the increase in non-fuel revenues proposed in the RD, included:
•A ROE of 9.26% compared to the 10.25% requested by PNM
•Finding of prudency regarding PNM’s decision to remain in Four Corners and a remedy for the prudency to be a disallowance to PNM’s total Four Corners net book value by $84.8 million
•Approval of $51.3 million of PNM’s requested $96.3 million regulatory asset for PVNGS undepreciated investments, but disallowance of a return on the remaining $45.0 million or any CWIP associated with it
•Recommended capital structure of 49.61% equity, 50.10% debt, and 0.29% preferred stock
On January 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order largely adopting the RD. The most notable difference in the final order is with regards to PVNGS. The final order requires that the regulatory liability associated with leased capacity at PVNGS after the Unit 1 lease expired on January 15, 2023, be returned to ratepayers over two years through a rate rider. In addition, the NMPRC had modifications that included approval of accelerated depreciation for specific gas plants, approval of PNM’s TOD pilot program, and ordered PNM to update the remedy associated with Four Corners. See Note 17.
Grid Modernization Application
On October 3, 2022, in compliance with New Mexico Grid Modernization Statute, PNM filed its Grid Modernization Application with the NMPRC. The projects included in the Grid Modernization Application improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and ensure that customers, including low-income customers, are a top priority and will benefit from the electricity grid consistent with the Grid Modernization Statute. PNM’s proposal to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements also increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. PNM’s application seeks approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy. The proposed Grid Modernization Rider would recover capital costs, operating expenses, and taxes associated with the investments included in the Grid Modernization Application. See Note 17.
Texas Legislation
In the 2023 Texas Legislative session, several bills were passed to support utility reliability and resiliency by encouraging and protecting utility infrastructure investments. The bill with the largest near-term financial impact to TNMP is the DCRF legislation that adds a second filing per year and shortens the regulatory timeframe for the proceedings. Other bills include system resiliency and temporary mobile generation, which provide opportunities for added investment in TNMP’s service territory and reduce uncertainty around rate recovery. Another bill directs ERCOT to develop reliability plans for the Permian Basin which could result in the need for additional investments in the West Texas service territory. Additionally, the Damaging Critical Infrastructure Bill helps protect TNMP’s investments in response to criminal offenses damaging critical infrastructure facilities. These pieces of legislation demonstrate that Texas continues to encourage utility investment and prioritizes timely rate recovery. TNMP will look to prioritize investments aligned with these measures that improve the quality of service for current and future customers.
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Financial and Business Objectives
PNMR is focused on achieving three key financial objectives:
•Earning authorized returns on regulated businesses
•Delivering at or above industry-average earnings and dividend growth
•Maintaining investment grade credit ratings
In conjunction with these objectives, PNM and TNMP are dedicated to:
•Maintaining strong employee safety, plant performance, and system reliability
•Delivering a superior customer experience
•Demonstrating environmental stewardship in business operations, including transitioning to an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040
•Supporting the communities in their service territories
Earning Authorized Returns on Regulated Businesses
PNMR’s success in accomplishing its financial objectives is highly dependent on two key factors: fair and timely regulatory treatment for its utilities and the utilities’ strong operating performance. The Company has multiple strategies to achieve favorable regulatory treatment, all of which have as their foundation a focus on the basics: safety, operational excellence, and customer satisfaction, while engaging stakeholders to build productive relationships. Both PNM and TNMP seek cost recovery for their investments through general rate cases, periodic cost of service filings, and various rate riders. The rates PNM and TNMP charge customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by the NMPRC, FERC, and the PUCT. Additional information about rate filings is provided in Note 17.
Fair and timely rate treatment from regulators is crucial to PNM and TNMP in earning their allowed returns and critical for PNMR to achieve its financial objectives. PNMR believes that earning allowed returns is viewed positively by credit rating agencies and that improvements in the Company’s ratings could lower costs to utility customers.
The Energy Transition Act (“ETA”)
The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The ETA also allows for the recovery of undepreciated investments and decommissioning costs related to qualifying EGUs that the NMPRC has required be removed from retail jurisdictional rates, provided replacement resources to be included in retail rates have lower or zero-carbon emissions. The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fueled generating resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources by allowing utilities to issue Securitized Bonds, or “energy transition bonds,” related to the retirement of certain coal-fired generating facilities to qualified investors. See additional discussion of the ETA in Note 16 and the issuance of Securitized Bonds in Note 7.
The ETA has and will have a significant impact on PNM’s future generation portfolio, including PNM’s retirement of SJGS in 2022 and the exit of Four Corners. PNM cannot predict the full impact of the ETA on potential future generating resource abandonment and replacement filings with the NMPRC.
State Regulation
SJGS Abandonment Application – In July 2019, PNM filed the SJGS Abandonment Application with the NMPRC. The application included several replacement resource scenarios including PNM’s recommended replacement scenario, which is consistent with PNM’s goal of having a 100% emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040 and would have provided cost savings to customers while preserving system reliability.
In 2020, the NMPRC issued an order which authorized PNM to abandon SJGS by June 30, 2022, to issue Securitized Bonds of up to $361 million, and to establish the Energy Transition Charge upon issuance of the Securitized Bonds. The NMPRC’s order required an interim rate rider adjustment upon the start date of the Energy Transition Charge to provide immediate credits to customers for the full value of PNM’s revenue requirement related to SJGS until those reductions are reflected in base rates. In addition, PNM was granted authority to establish regulatory assets to recover costs that PNM will pay prior to the issuance of the Securitized Bonds, including costs associated with the bond issuances as well as for severances, job training, and economic development funds. Later that year, the NMPRC issued an order approving replacement resource selection criteria identified in the ETA.
On February 28, 2022, WRA and CCAE filed a joint motion for order to show cause and enforce financing order and supporting brief, which requested that the NMPRC order PNM to show cause why its rates should not be reduced at the time SJGS is abandoned even if the issuance of Securitized Bonds occurs at a later date. On June 17, 2022, the hearing examiners issued a recommended decision requesting the NMPRC issue an order requiring PNM to, among other things revise its rates to remove all of the costs of SJGS and issue rate refunds to customers at the time of the abandonment. On June 29, 2022, the
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NMPRC issued its final order adopting and approving the recommended decision in its entirety with certain additions. SJGS Unit 1 ceased operations in July 2022 and SJGS Unit 4 ceased operations in September 2022. In September 2022, the NM Supreme Court issued a partial stay of NMPRC’s order and PNM suspended issuing rate refunds. On August 18, 2023, PNM, along with the intervening parties in the pending appeal of the matter addressing customer bill credits and resolution of the remaining steps involved in the SJGS retirement under the ETA, filed an Unopposed Joint Motion for Abeyance and Remand to Implement Settlement and Request for Expedited Order at the NM Supreme Court. In the motion, the parties asked the NM Supreme Court to hold the appeal in abeyance and remand the matter to the NMPRC to allow the NMPRC to consider and take formal action on a unanimous proposed settlement on remand. Under the terms of the unanimous settlement, PNM would provide $115.0 million in rate refunds to customers over a one-year period, resolving all disputes raised in the matter addressing customer bill credits involved in the SJGS retirement before the NMPRC, including removal of SJGS ratemaking and prudence issues in the 2024 Rate Change. On September 14, 2023, the NM Supreme Court remanded the matter to the NMPRC. On September 21, 2023, the NMPRC approved the unanimous settlement agreement. See Notes 16 and 17. On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million in Securitized Bonds. See Note 7.
Four Corners Abandonment Application - In early 2021, PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application, which sought NMPRC approval to exit PNM’s 13% share of Four Corners as of December 31, 2024, and issuance of approximately $300 million of Securitized Bonds as provided by the ETA. On December 15, 2021, the NMPRC issued a final order denying approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. On December 22, 2021, PNM filed a notice of appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC decision to deny the application. On July 6, 2023, the NM Supreme Court issued a decision concluding that the NMPRC reasonably and lawfully denied PNM’s application for abandonment, determining that PNM did not meet its burden in challenging the NMPRC’s final order. For additional information regarding prudency of PNM’s investments in Four Corners see 2024 Rate Change in Note 17. The Company is evaluating the facts and circumstances surrounding the exit of Four Corners and will determine next steps.
PNM enhanced its plan to exit Four Corners and emphasized its ESG strategy to reduce carbon emissions on March 12, 2021 with an announcement for additional plans allowing for seasonal operations at Four Corners beginning in the fall of 2023, subject to the necessary approvals, including PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application at the NMPRC. The solution for seasonal operations would ensure the plant is available to serve each owners’ customer needs during times of peak energy use while minimizing operations during periods of low demand. This approach would result in an estimated annual 20 to 25 percent reduction in carbon emissions at the plant and retains jobs and royalty payments for the Navajo Nation. In the third quarter of 2023, APS notified the other participant owners of Four Corners of their intent to resume normal operations between November 1, 2023 and May 31, 2024. See additional discussion of the ETA and PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application in Notes 16 and 17.
PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application - On April 2, 2021, PNM filed the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application. In the application PNM requested NMPRC authorization to decertify and abandon its Leased Interest and to create regulatory assets for the associated remaining undepreciated investments with consideration of cost recovery of the undepreciated investments in a future rate case. PNM also sought NMPRC approval to sell and transfer the PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel supply associated with the Leased Interest to SRP, which acquired the Leased Interest from the lessors upon termination of the leases.
On August 25, 2021, the NMPRC issued an order confirming PNM requires no further NMPRC authority to abandon the PVNGS Leased Interest and to sell and transfer the PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel supply associated with the Leased Interest to SRP. On November 18, 2022, the NMPRC issued its order on Joint Motion for Accounting Order requiring PNM to establish a regulatory liability to track and account for, upon termination of the PVNGS leases, all costs currently borne by ratepayers associated with those leases during pendency of the 2024 Rate Change, subject to a determination of ratemaking treatment. In addition, PNM may establish a regulatory asset account to record undepreciated investment for improvements to the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Leased Interests upon termination of the leases, and to record cost differences in the proceeds from SRP for the sale of the PVNGS Leased Assets and the actual book value. Recovery of these items was determined in the 2024 Rate Change. In the 2024 Rate Change, PNM also addressed unresolved issues including whether PNM’s decision to renew the five leases and the repurchase of 64.1 MW in PVNGS Unit 2 capacity exposed ratepayers to additional financial liability beyond that to which they would have been exposed, and whether PNM should be denied recovery of future decommissioning expenses as a remedy for imprudence. The NMPRC has approved replacement resources for its PVNGS Leased Interest of 300 MW solar PPA combined with a 300 MW battery storage agreement. PNM anticipates these facilities will be in service in 2024 and continues to pursue additional resources to replace the PVNGS leases. For additional information on PNM’s Leased Interest and the associated abandonment application see Note 8 and Note 17, respectively.
Summer Peak Resource Adequacy - Throughout 2021, 2022 and 2023, PNM provided notices of delays and status updates to the NMPRC for the approved SJGS replacement resource projects as well as delays in replacement resources for the PVNGS leased capacity that expired in January 2023. In the second half of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023, PNM entered into agreements totaling 420 MW of firm power purchases for the summer peak in 2023 and the purchase of 40 MW of firm capacity at PVNGS for all twelve months of 2023, providing PNM with a projected system reserve margin necessary to meet customer demand. While PNM continues to experience new system peaks, PNM’s generation resources performed sufficiently
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with no challenges to resource adequacy during the 2022 and 2023 summer peak seasons. PNM anticipates that a majority of the SJGS and PVNGS leased capacity replacement resources will be available prior to the 2024 summer peak season and may also secure additional firm energy market purchases necessary to meet customer load during the 2024 summer season. See Note 17.
2020 Decoupling Petition – In 2020, PNM filed a petition for approval of a rate adjustment mechanism that would decouple the rates of its residential and small power rate classes. Decoupling is a rate design principle that severs the link between the recovery of fixed costs of the utility through volumetric charges. On April 27, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order finding that the EUEA does not mandate the NMPRC to authorize or approve a full decoupling mechanism, defining full decoupling as limited to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs. On May 24, 2022, PNM filed a notice of appeal with the NM Supreme Court. The NM Supreme Court held oral arguments on November 13, 2023. See Note 17.
The Community Solar Act - The Community Solar Act establishes a program that allows for the development of community solar facilities and provides customers of a qualifying utility with the option of accessing solar energy produced by a community solar facility in accordance with the Community Solar Act. The NMPRC is charged with administering the Community Solar Act program, establishing a total maximum capacity of 200 MW community solar facilities (applicable until November 2024) and allocating proportionally to the New Mexico electric investor-owned utilities and participating cooperatives. The Act also includes several tribal-friendly provisions that can fast track solar development on tribal lands. As required under the Community Solar Act, on March 30, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order that adopted a rule on the administration of the Community Solar Act program. See Note 17.
PNM Rate Riders and other
The NMPRC has approved PNM recovering fuel costs through the FPPAC, as well as rate riders for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the TEP. These mechanisms allow for more timely recovery of investments. PNM’s Grid Modernization Application includes proposals for installation and deployment of advanced metering infrastructure investments and recovery under a rate rider permitted by New Mexico legislation. See Note 17.
TNMP
The regulatory framework in Texas strongly encourages investments into the grid by providing timely recovery through rate mechanisms outside of general rate cases. The PUCT has approved mechanisms that allow TNMP to recover capital invested in transmission and distribution projects without having to file a general rate case. The PUCT also approved rate riders that allow TNMP to recover amounts related to energy efficiency and third-party transmission costs. In 2024, TNMP anticipates filing its first resiliency plan under the new rules implementing the legislation passed in 2023. An independent evaluation and development of a system resiliency plan covering three years is required in the filing. Under the rules, we may choose to recover the associated capital investments under the existing TCOS and DCRF rules. The rules also allow for recovery of certain O&M costs, such as vegetation management expenditures that exceed the amount authorized for recovery in base rates. TNMP also has approximately 273,000 advanced meters across its service territory, the costs of which are being recovered through base rates.
FERC Regulation
Rates PNM charges wholesale transmission customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. Rates charged to wholesale electric transmission customers, other than customers on the Western Spirit Line, are based on a formula rate mechanism pursuant to which rates for wholesale transmission service are calculated annually in accordance with an approved formula. The formula includes updating cost of service components, including investment in plant and operating expenses, based on information contained in PNM’s annual financial report filed with FERC, as well as including projected transmission capital projects to be placed into service in the following year. The projections included are subject to true-up. Certain items, including changes to return on equity and depreciation rates, require a separate filing to be made with FERC before being included in the formula rate.
Delivering At or Above Industry-Average Earnings and Dividend Growth
PNMR’s financial objective to deliver at or above industry-average earnings and dividend growth enables investors to realize the value of their investment in the Company’s business. Earnings growth is based on ongoing earnings, which is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes from GAAP earnings certain non-recurring, infrequent, and other items that are not indicative of fundamental changes in the earnings capacity of the Company’s operations. PNMR uses ongoing earnings to evaluate the operations of the Company and to establish goals, including those used for certain aspects of incentive compensation, for management and employees.
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PNMR targets a dividend payout ratio in the 50% to 60% range of its ongoing earnings. PNMR expects to provide at or above industry-average dividend growth in the near-term. The Board will continue to evaluate the dividend on an annual basis, considering sustainability and growth, capital planning, and industry standards.
The Board approved the following increases in the indicated annual common stock dividend:

Approval Date |  | Percent Increase
February 2022 |  | 6.1 | %
December 2022 |  | 5.8 |
December 2023 |  | 5.4 |

Maintaining Investment Grade Credit Ratings
The Company is committed to maintaining investment grade credit ratings in order to reduce the cost of debt financing and to help ensure access to credit markets, when required. On January 15, 2024, S&P revised PNMR, PNM & TNMP’s outlook to stable from positive. See the subheading Liquidity included in the full discussion of Liquidity and Capital Resources below for the specific credit ratings for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. All of the credit ratings issued by both Moody’s and S&P on the Company’s debt continue to be investment grade.
Business Focus
To achieve its business objectives, focus is directed in key areas: Safe, Reliable and Affordable Power; Utility Plant and Strategic Investments; Environmentally Responsible Power; and Customer, Stakeholders, and Community Engagement. The Company works closely with its stakeholders to ensure that resource plans and infrastructure investments benefit from robust public dialogue and balance the diverse needs of our communities. Equally important is the focus of PNMR’s utilities on customer satisfaction and community engagement.
Safe, Reliable, and Affordable Power
Safety is the first priority of our business and a core value of the Company. PNMR utilizes a Safety Management System to provide clear direction, objectives and targets for managing safety performance and minimizing risks and empowers employees to “Be the Reason Everyone Goes Home Safe”.
PNMR measures reliability and benchmark performance of PNM and TNMP against other utilities using industry-standard metrics, including System Average Interruption Duration Index (“SAIDI”) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (“SAIFI”). PNM’s and TNMP’s investment plans include projects designed to support reliability and reduce the amount of time customers are without power.
PNMR and its utilities are aware of the important roles they play in enhancing economic vitality in their service territories. Management believes that maintaining strong and modern electric infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and supporting economic growth. When contemplating expanding or relocating their operations, businesses consider energy affordability and reliability to be important factors. PNM and TNMP strive to balance service affordability with infrastructure investment to maintain a high level of electric reliability and to deliver a safe and superior customer experience. Investing in PNM’s and TNMP’s infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and meeting future energy needs. Both utilities have long-established records of providing customers with safe and reliable electric service.
PNM participates in the EIM, a real-time wholesale energy trading market operated by the CAISO that enables participating electric utilities to buy and sell energy. The EIM aggregates the variability of electricity generation and load for multiple balancing authority areas and utility jurisdictions. In addition, the EIM facilitates greater integration of renewable resources through the aggregation of flexible resources by capturing diversity benefits from the expanding geographic footprint and the expanded potential uses for those resources. The NMPRC approved collection of PNM’s regulatory asset to recover the initial capital investments and implementation and ongoing costs necessary to participate in the EIM in the 2024 Rate Change final order. PNM has experienced an aggregate of $91.5 million in cost savings to customers through participation in the EIM, which includes $44.4 million occurring in the year ended December 31, 2023. PNM passes the cost savings through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC.
PNM joined the Western Resource Adequacy Program (“WRAP”) in April 2023 to bolster PNM’s preparations for times of critical need. WRAP is a first-of-its-kind program in the West that adds a region-wide coordination between power providers for assessing and addressing resource adequacy. This step helps ensure regional resource availability is visible and coordinated in the event PNM customers are critically impacted by a resource emergency. WRAP is currently in the non-binding phases of the program, which is expected to continue through the winter of 2025.
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Utility Plant and Strategic Investments
Utility Plant Investments – During the 2022 and 2023 periods, PNM and TNMP together invested $1.9 billion in utility plant, including transmission and distribution systems, substations, power plants, and nuclear fuel. Investment plans emphasize new investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to support growing demand with grid reliability and resilience and to deliver clean energy. The Company has been improving the diversification of its rate base among regulatory jurisdictions, moving TNMP and FERC transmission rate base to over half of the consolidated rate base.
Investments at TNMP support the continued high growth across each region of its service territory. Economic growth across Texas continues to push the demands on TNMP’s system to new levels, including a new system peak in January 2024. Additionally, the Texas legislature in 2023 passed a series of bills aimed at encouraging investments to enhance grid reliability and resilience. The PUCT has developed, and continues to develop, rules associated with the new legislation. TNMP will submit filings for investments and recovery in accordance with these new rules in addition to the existing rate recovery mechanisms.
PNM has also experienced growing demand, including a new system peak recorded in 2023. PNM investments are aimed at advancing the infrastructure beyond its original architecture to a more flexible and redundant system accommodating growing amounts of intermittent and distributed generation resources and integrating evolving technologies that provide long-term customer value. New Mexico’s clean energy future depends on a reliable, resilient, secure grid to deliver an evolving mix of energy resources to customers. In addition, projects included in the Grid Modernization Application improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and modernize PNM’s electric grid through infrastructure and technology improvements. Under New Mexico legislation for grid modernization, any approved investments may be recovered under a rate rider.
At PNM, an increase in transmission investments also supports growing transmission demands across the system and are recovered through an annual FERC formula rate mechanism based on a usage-based system allocation.
See the subheading Capital Requirements included in the full discussion of Liquidity and Capital Resources below for additional discussion of the Company’s projected capital requirements.
Strategic Investments – In 2017, PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners created NMRD to pursue the acquisition, development, and ownership of renewable energy generation projects, primarily in the state of New Mexico. PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners each have a 50% ownership interest in NMRD. As of December 31, 2023, NMRD’s renewable energy capacity in operation was 185.1 MW, which includes 180 MW of solar-PV facilities to supply energy to the Meta data center located within PNM’s service territory, 1.9 MW to supply energy to Columbus Electric Cooperative located in southwest New Mexico, 2.0 MW to supply energy to the Central New Mexico Electric Cooperative, and 1.2 MW of solar-PV facilities to supply energy to the City of Rio Rancho, New Mexico. On January 11, 2024, the NMPRC approved PNM’s an application to service the data center for an additional 140 MW of solar PPA combined with 50 MW of battery storage expected to be operational in 2025.
On December 22, 2023, PNMR Development and AEP Onsite reached agreement for the sale of NMRD and its subsidiaries for approximately $230 million, subject to adjustment to reflect the actual amounts of certain components of working capital at closing. Closing occurred on February 27, 2024, with PNMR Development receiving $117.0 million upon settlement. As previously disclosed, PNMR expects to use the net proceeds from the sale of NMRD to reduce the future external capital needs at PNMR and support continued investments in regulated rate base at PNMR’s utilities. See Note 21.
Integrated Resource Plan
NMPRC rules require that investor-owned utilities file an IRP every three years. The IRP is required to cover a 20-year planning period and contain an action plan covering the first three years of that period. On September 14, 2022 and November 2, 2022, the NMPRC adopted revisions to the IRP Rule. The revisions revamp and modernize the planning process to accommodate increased stakeholder involvement. On December 2, 2022, PNM filed an appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC’s final order which adopted revisions to the IRP Rule. The NM Supreme Court has scheduled oral arguments for May 13, 2024. See additional discussion of the NMPRC adopted revision to the IRP Rule in Note 17.
In the second quarter of 2022, PNM initiated its 2023 IRP process which covers the 20-year planning period from 2023 through 2042. Consistent with past IRPs, PNM received public input from interested parties as part of this process. On December 15, 2023, PNM filed its 2023 IRP with a continued focus on a carbon-free energy system by 2040. The plan highlights the need for the significant sustained addition of resources over the next two decades, replacing retiring or expiring capacity, and meeting concurrent load growth, while reducing the carbon intensity of PNM’s portfolio.
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Environmentally Responsible Power
PNMR has a long-standing record of environmental stewardship. PNM’s environmental focus is in three key areas:
•Developing strategies to provide reliable and affordable power while transitioning to a 100% emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040
•Preparing PNM’s system to meet New Mexico’s increasing renewable energy requirements as cost-effectively as possible
•Increasing energy efficiency participation
PNMR’s corporate website (www.pnmresources.com) includes a dedicated section providing key environmental and other sustainability information related to PNM’s and TNMP’s operations and other information that collectively demonstrates the Company’s commitment to ESG principles. This information highlights plans for PNM to be coal-free no later than 2031 and to achieve an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040.
In February 2022, PNM named its first Chief Sustainability Officer. The Chief Sustainability Officer is responsible for developing and implementing the Company’s business strategy and positions on environmental and sustainability policy issues and is charged with establishing organization-wide policies, strategies, goals, objectives and programs that advance sustainability and ensure compliance with regulations. The role serves as the Company’s primary contact with various regulatory and stakeholder agencies on environmental matters. In addition, the role leads environmental justice work, incorporating impacts to tribal, worker and affected communities and advancing ESG reporting.
PNM’s grid modernization plan is a major step forward to providing reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. As part of that plan, PNM will promote energy equity where technology like smart meters and distribution upgrades will be provided to low-income areas first in order to allow customers to gain insights into their energy usage in order to improve affordability and create fairer access to energy.
In 2020, PNM announced an agreement to partner with Sandia National Laboratories in research and development projects focused on energy resiliency, clean energy, and national security. The partnership demonstrates PNMR’s commitment to ESG principles and its support of projects that further its emissions-free generation goals and plans for a reliable, resilient, and secure grid to deliver New Mexico’s clean energy future. PNM also recently joined the Electric Power Research Institute (“EPRI”) Climate READi (Resilience and Adaptation) Initiative, a three-year initiative to develop a comprehensive and consistent approach to physical climate risk and facilitate the analysis and application of appropriate climate data among all stakeholders to enhance the planning, design and operation of a resilient power system. In addition, PNM’s Time-of-Day pilot approved in the 2024 Rate Change final order incentivizes customers, through price signals, to use energy during the day when renewable generation is abundant.
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also commonly known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (“BIL”), was signed into law on November 15, 2021. This act represents a “once-in-a-generation” investment designed to modernize and upgrade America’s infrastructure. The BIL includes historic investments to upgrade the transmission and distribution systems to improve reliability and resilience, and to facilitate the deployment of more affordable and cleaner energy across the country. In collaboration with a coalition of both private and public entities and with the principal grantee GridBeyond Ltd, PNM applied for a BIL grant through DOE in the Advanced Reliability and Resiliency Operations for Wind and Solar (“ARROWS”) program. GridBeyond Ltd, as principal grantee, will receive $3.9 million in BIL funding and PNM will provide the in-kind, $3.9 million, local match. The project aims to boost confidence in renewable power investments using GridBeyond Ltd artificial intelligence (“AI”) -powered distributed energy resource management system (“iDERMS”) technology. The AI-powered platform will be used to forecast, optimize, and control resources such as wind, solar, and batteries on PNM’s power grid in real-time and will enable GridBeyond Ltd to collect, analyze, and quantify the overall energy savings to determine how successfully PNM is able to integrate these resources against a backdrop of variable renewable power output and storage.
PNM also recently submitted concept papers for a second round of Grid Resilience and Innovation Partnership (“GRIP”) funding through DOE for the following projects:
•$25.0 million for a total grid orchestration project to develop a means of managing the operational risk of a carbon-free grid composed of highly distributed, predominantly third party owned, generation and virtual generation assets, allowing for optimal dispatching to increase Distributed Energy Resources’ (“DER”) hosting capacity, improve service quality, provide DER value stacking, and increase equity among the communities of New Mexico;
•$15.0 million to enable Virtual Power Plant (“VPP”) control on PNM’s power grid, enhancing PNM’s control systems to integrate VPP, deploying distribution and behind-the-meter assets to enable a pilot area, and enabling a VPP program between PNM and third party VPP aggregators for five substations; and
•$25.0 million for Artificial Intelligence Management (“AIM”) for the Rockies: Wildfire Mitigation to create a smart grid and advance New Mexico’s plans to implement cutting-edge technologies for wildfire mitigation. AIM for the Rockies will implement an ignition management program, using data collection on ignitions in hazardous fire areas
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and use wildfire cameras, acoustic sensors and AI software to model an innovative approach to wildfire mitigation that will help PNM make more informed decisions on asset and operations deployment in critical situations.
On August 16, 2022, President Biden signed the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) into law. The IRA provides benefits for PNMR and its customers by extending and enhancing clean energy incentives such as the investment tax credit and production tax credit. As the Company continues its transition away from carbon emitting sources, these credits will reduce the cost of renewable investments. In addition, the IRA includes a new production tax credit for existing nuclear facilities that is expected to create an added benefit for PNM’s ownership in the carbon-free PVNGS. Other IRA provisions will encourage transportation electrification with new electric vehicle credits and added incentives for vehicle charging infrastructure. For many of the IRA provisions, additional clarification and detailed guidance from the IRS is still pending.
Electric Vehicles
PNMR is building upon its ESG goal of 100% emissions-free generation by 2040 with plans for additional emissions reductions through the electrification of its vehicle fleet. Growing the number of electric vehicles within the Company’s fleet will benefit the environment and lower fuel costs furthering the commitment to ESG principles. Under the commitment, existing fleet vehicles will be replaced as they are retired with an increasing percentage of electric vehicles. The goals call for 25% of all light duty fleet purchases to be electric by 2025 and 50% to be electric by 2030.
To demonstrate PNMR’s commitment to increase the electrification of vehicles in its service territory, PNM implemented the TEP in 2022. TEP supports customer adoption of electric vehicles by addressing barriers to adoption. PNM’s TEP program budget provides both residential and non-residential customers funding towards the purchase of chargers and/or behind-the-meter infrastructure, as well as customer education and outreach on EV specific electricity rates to encourage charging during off-peak periods. Over 25% of the program budget is dedicated to low- and moderate-income customers to plan for an equitable transition to an electrified transportation sector.
In 2021, PNM joined the National Electric Highway Coalition, which plans to build fast-charging ports along major U.S. travel corridors. The coalition, with approximately 50 investor-owned electric companies is committed to providing EV fast charging ports that will allow the public to drive EVs with confidence throughout the country’s major roadways. To support this initiative, PNM’s TEP program includes the installation of a charging network along major roadways in New Mexico.
Other Environmental Matters
Four Corners may be required to comply with environmental rules that affect coal-fired generating units, including climate, regional haze, and ozone rules and the ETA. On May 23, 2023, EPA proposed new carbon pollution standards for coal and natural gas-fired power plants under Section 111 of the CAA. PNM is currently evaluating the proposed rule, which will have an impact on Four Corners as an existing coal-fired power plant and could potentially affect PNM’s gas resources as well. On February 16, 2024, EPA proposed to impose a federal implementation plan on New Mexico to address the interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, referred to by EPA as the “good neighbor” rule, which may also impact PNM’s gas resources by requiring participation in an ozone-season NOx emission allowance trading program. See Note 16.
Renewable Energy
PNM’s renewable procurements in service as of December 31, 2023 with a total net generation capacity of 1,277 MW include utility-owned solar capacity, as well as solar, wind, geothermal, and battery storage. In addition to PNM’s owned solar facilities, PNM also has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 281.6 MW at December 31, 2023. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional renewable resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory, including the portfolio to replace SJGS and the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application. PNM’s approved renewable resource plans have a generation capacity of 1,692 MW and are expected in operation by 2025. In addition, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of 410 MW of renewable resources for the 2026 summer peak. The majority of these renewable resources are key means for PNM to meet the RPS and related regulations that require PNM to achieve prescribed levels of energy sales from renewable sources, including those set by the ETA, without exceeding cost requirements. For additional discussion of the ETA, PNM’s Abandonment Applications, and 2026 Resource Application see Notes 16 and 17.
PNM will continue to procure renewable resources while balancing the impact to customers’ electricity costs in order to meet New Mexico’s escalating RPS and carbon-free resource requirements.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency plays a significant role in helping to keep customers’ electricity costs low while meeting their energy needs and is one of the Company’s approaches to supporting environmentally responsible power. PNM’s and TNMP’s energy efficiency and load management portfolios continue to achieve robust results. In 2023, incremental energy saved as a result of
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new participation in PNM’s portfolio of energy efficiency programs is estimated to be 101 GWh. This is equivalent to the annual consumption of approximately 14,500 homes in PNM’s service territory. PNM’s load management and annual energy efficiency programs also help lower peak demand requirements. In 2023, TNMP’s incremental energy saved as a result of new participation in TNMP’s energy efficiency programs is estimated to be approximately 17 GWh. This is equivalent to the annual consumption of approximately 2,297 homes in TNMP’s service territory. TNMP’s high-performance homes residential new construction energy efficiency program has earned the Energy Star Partner of the Year award for 7 years, including 5 years receiving the Sustained Excellence Award, recognizing long-term commitment to fighting climate change and protecting public health through energy efficiency. For information on PNM’s and TNMP’s energy efficiency filing with the NMPRC and PUCT see Note 17.
Water Conservation and Solid Waste Reduction
PNM continues its efforts to reduce the amount of fresh water used to make electricity (about 45% more efficient than in 2005). Continued growth in PNM’s fleet of solar and wind energy sources, energy efficiency programs, and innovative uses of air-cooling technology have contributed to this reduction. Water usage has continued to decline as PNM has substituted less fresh-water-intensive generation resources to replace SJGS. As the Company moves forward with its mission to achieve 100% carbon‐free generation by 2040, it expects that more significant water savings will be gained. Shutting down SJGS in 2022 and Four Corners by 2031 will allow the Company to reach our goals for reduced freshwater use at 80% by 2035 and 90% by 2040 from 2005 levels. Focusing on responsible stewardship of New Mexico’s scarce water resources improves PNM’s water-resilience in the face of persistent drought and ever-increasing demands for water to spur the growth of New Mexico’s economy.
In addition to the above areas of focus, the Company is working to reduce the amount of solid waste going to landfills through increased recycling and reduction of waste. In 2023, 20 of the Company’s 21 facilities met or exceeded the solid waste diversion goal of a 65% diversion rate. The Company expects to continue to do well in this area in the future.
Customer, Stakeholder, and Community Engagement
Another key element of the Company’s commitment to ESG principles is fostering relationships with its customers, stakeholders, and communities. The Company strives to deliver a superior customer experience. Through outreach, collaboration, and various community-oriented programs, the Company has demonstrated a commitment to building productive relationships with stakeholders, including customers, community partners, regulators, intervenors, legislators, and shareholders. Local relationships and one-on-one communications remain two of the most valuable ways both PNM and TNMP connect with their stakeholders. Both companies maintain long-standing relationships with governmental representatives and key electricity consumers to ensure that these stakeholders are updated on Company investments and initiatives. Key electricity consumers also have dedicated Company contacts that support their important service needs.
The Company utilizes a number of communications channels and strategic content to serve and engage its many stakeholders. PNM’s website provides the details of major regulatory filings, including general rate requests, as well as the background on PNM’s efforts to maintain reliability, keep prices affordable, and protect the environment. The Company’s website is also a resource for information about PNM’s operations and community outreach efforts, including plans for building a sustainable energy future for New Mexico and to transition to an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040. PNM also leverages social media in communications with customers on various topics such as education, outage alerts, safety, customer service, and PNM’s community partnerships in philanthropic projects. As discussed above, PNMR’s corporate website includes a dedicated section providing additional information regarding the Company’s commitment to ESG principles and other sustainability efforts.
In 2023, PNM implemented in-person residential and business customer advisory councils to build and improve customer relationships as well as to provide PNM with a way to enhance its understanding of customers’ needs, gauge interest levels, develop and guide programs and solutions to be highly customer centric. Additionally, PNM continues to focus its efforts to enhance the customer experience through customer service improvements, including enhanced customer service engagement options, strategic customer outreach, and improved communications. These efforts are supported by market research to understand the varying needs of customers, identifying and establishing valued services and programs, and proactively communicating and engaging with customers. In 2023, PNM and the electric utility industry as a whole, continued to experience a decline in customer satisfaction as measured by J.D. Power. However, PNM remains focused on continuously improving its customers’ experience at every touchpoint and placing greater focus on customer assistance through economic uncertainty.
With reliability being the primary role of a transmission and distribution service provider in Texas’ deregulated market, TNMP continues to focus on keeping end-users updated about interruptions and to encourage consumer preparation when severe weather is forecasted. In both 2021 and 2022, TNMP provided 30-person teams in support of other utilities that experienced significant damage to their transmission and distribution system as a result of Hurricane Ida and Hurricane Ian. TNMP has been honored by the Edison Electric Institute eight times since 2012 for its assistance to out-of-state utilities affected by hurricanes. TNMP has also been honored three times since 2008 for hurricane response in its own territory.
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PNM continues to focus on addressing energy affordability by promoting participation in utility programs among households with high energy burden to offset high bills. PNM has implemented efforts to increase participation in low income energy efficiency programs, providing additional aid through the PNM Good Neighbor Fund, the establishment of a temporary Summer High Heat Fund that provided bill assistance to low and moderate income customers, partnering with state agencies to make it easier to access funding, improving access to clean energy through expanded outreach and communication, and the implementation of low income transportation electrification programs. As a result of these communication efforts, 6,769 families in need received emergency assistance through the PNM Good Neighbor Fund during 2023. Additionally, PNM has worked closely with the New Mexico Department of Finance and Administration to implement strategies ensuring customers receive rent benefits, including utility bill assistance, from the Emergency Rental Assistance Program (“ERAP”). As a result of these efforts, the ERAP has paid over $8.8 million in customer arrears since the launch of the program in March 2021.
During the three years ended December 31, 2023, corporate giving contributed $12.5 million to civic, educational, environmental, low income, and economic development organizations. During 2023, corporate giving has maintained a strategic focus on these pillars and continues to highlight corporate citizenship through active involvement with sponsorships demonstrating PNM’s commitment to the community. In 2023, this corporate giving included $1.0 million to support New Mexico high school students and their ability to participate in electric trade programs. In the third quarter of 2023, PNM shareholders donated $0.6 million to a newly created PNM Summer Heat Bill Help Fund which delivered crucial relief to low and moderate income customers struggling to pay their electric bills during the record-breaking 2023 summer heatwave and $0.5 million was given to the PNM Good Neighbor Fund.
Another demonstration of the Company’s commitment to ESG principles is the Company’s tradition of supporting the communities it serves in New Mexico and Texas. This support extends beyond corporate giving and financial donations from the PNM Resources Foundation to also include collaborations on community projects, low-income customer assistance programs, and employee volunteerism.
PNMR recognizes its responsibility to support programs and organizations that enrich the quality of life across its service territories and seeks opportunities to further demonstrate its commitment in these areas as needs arise. In response to community needs, PNMR partners with other corporate funders to support nonprofits and small businesses. While its service territory does not include the Navajo Nation, PNM’s operations include generating facilities and employees in this region. The PNM Navajo Nation Workforce Training Scholarship Program provides support for Navajo tribal members and encourages the pursuit of education and training in existing and emerging jobs in the communities in which they live. PNM has invested in paid summer college engineering internship programs for American Indian students available in the greater Albuquerque area, established the PNM Pueblo Education Scholarship Endowment to invest in higher education for Native American Indian students, and supported the development of an entrepreneur complex located in Albuquerque and operated by the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center, owned by the 19 pueblo nations of New Mexico. PNM also continues to partner with the Navajo Nation in the Light up Navajo project, piloted in 2019 and modeled as a mutual aid project with over 25 utilities nationwide participating to connect Navajo homes without electricity to the power grid. PNM has partnered with New Mexico universities to enhance intern programs and developed a business coalition model to drive economic development through intern partnerships. PNM has also partnered with key nonprofit organizations to initiate funding and action for programs focused on diversity, equity and inclusion.
Employee volunteers are the lifeblood of a healthy corporate culture. Community giving through volunteers’ time and effort is at the heart of employee engagement. Throughout 2023, the Company held large-scale volunteer events, working alongside nonprofits, schools, and vulnerable communities throughout New Mexico and Texas. More than 500 employees in both states participated in the “Day of Service”, a workday event encouraging employee volunteerism. Throughout the year, employees volunteer their time generously through independent volunteer activities and board participation. Employees strengthen community resilience by giving at least 9,000 volunteer hours each year to support the health, safety, and well-being of diverse communities.
In addition to the extensive engagement both PNM and TNMP have with nonprofit organizations in their communities, the PNM Resources Foundation provides an annual average of nearly $1.4 million in grant funding over the past three years across New Mexico and Texas. These grants help nonprofits innovate or sustain programs to grow and develop their mission, develop and implement environmental programs, and provide educational opportunities. The PNM Resources Foundation continued to expand its matching and volunteer grant programs and the annual amount of matching donations available to each of its employees was increased. The PNM Resources Foundation also approved an increase to the amount awarded to employees, through the employee crisis management fund, who have been affected by the wildfires. Throughout 2023, the Foundation celebrated its 40 th year of serving community needs highlighting education, inclusion, the environment and community vitality and awarded $0.7 million to 44 organizations in New Mexico and Texas.
Economic Factors
PNM – In 2023, PNM experienced a decrease in weather normalized residential load of 1.0%, slightly offset by an increase in weather normalized commercial load of 0.2% compared to 2022. In addition, PNM experienced a decrease in industrial load of 4.6% compared to 2022.
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TNMP – In 2023, TNMP’s volumetric weather normalized retail load was flat when compared to 2022. Weather normalized demand-based load, excluding retail transmission consumers, increased 14.1% in 2023 compared to 2022.
The Company is closely monitoring the impacts on the capital markets of other macroeconomic conditions, including actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, and geopolitical activity. The Company has not experienced, nor does it expect significant negative impacts to customer usage at PNM and TNMP resulting from these economic impacts. However, if current economic conditions worsen, the Company may be required to implement additional measures such as reducing or delaying operating and maintenance expenses and planned capital expenditures.
Results of Operations
Net earnings attributable to PNMR were $87.8 million, or $1.02 per diluted share in the year ended December 31, 2023 compared to $169.5 million, or $1.97 per diluted share in 2022. Among other things, earnings in the year ended December 31, 2023 benefited from higher transmission margin at PNM and TNMP, warmer weather at PNM, higher distribution rates at TNMP, higher demand-based load at TNMP, increased performance on PNM’s NDT, coal mine reclamation and SJGS decommissioning investment securities, and decreased operational and maintenance expense and depreciation expense at PNM primarily due to the retirement of SJGS and the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest. These increases were more than offset by regulatory disallowances resulting from the NMPRC final order in the 2024 Rate Change, the SJGS abandonment settlement agreement, higher employee related, outside services and vegetation management expenses at PNM and TNMP, increased depreciation and property taxes at TNMP due to increased plant in service, new capacity arrangements at PNM, lower weather normalized retail load at PNM, milder weather at TNMP, and higher interest charges at PNM, TNMP and Corporate and Other. Additional information on factors impacting results of operations for each segment is discussed below under Results of Operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP have revolving credit facilities with capacities of $300.0 million, $440.0 million, and $100.0 million. Total availability for PNMR on a consolidated basis was $459.4 million at February 16, 2024. The Company utilizes these credit facilities and cash flows from operations to provide funds for both construction and operational expenditures. PNMR also has intercompany loan agreements with each of its subsidiaries. For additional details regarding the Company’s revolving credit facilities, see Note 7.
PNMR projects that its consolidated capital requirements, consisting of construction expenditures and dividends, will total $6.8 billion for 2024-2028. These construction expenditures include TNMP’s investments to support continued high growth in system demand across TNMP’s service territories and growing encouragement for infrastructure investments from the Texas legislature to support grid reliability and resilience. PNM’s capital initiatives for investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to deliver clean energy, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase grid resilience. Construction expenditures also include investments proposed in PNM’s Grid Modernization Application.
As discussed in Note 7, in November 2022, PNMR entered into a distribution agreement, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $200.0 million of its common stock, no par value, through sales agents under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program. During 2023, PNMR entered into forward sales agreements with third-party forward purchasers relating to the sale of 4.4 million shares of common stock, under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program, which is now concluded. On December 15, 2023, PNMR physically settled all shares under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program by issuing 4.4 million shares to the forward purchasers and receiving net proceeds of $198.2 million. Following this settlement, no shares of PNMR’s common stock remain subject to future settlement under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program. See Note 7.
To fund capital spending requirements to meet growth that balances earnings goals, credit metrics and liquidity needs, the Company has entered into a number of other financing arrangements. For further discussion on these financing arrangements see Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion below as well as Note 7.
After considering the effects of these financings and the Company’s short-term liquidity position as of February 16, 2024, the Company has consolidated maturities of long-term and short-term debt aggregating $658.0 million in the period from January 1, 2024 through February 28, 2025. In addition to internal cash generation, the Company anticipates that it will be necessary to obtain additional long-term financing in the form of debt refinancing, new debt issuances, and/or new equity in order to fund its capital requirements during the 2024-2028 period. The Company currently believes that its internal cash generation, existing credit arrangements, and access to public and private capital markets will provide sufficient resources to meet the Company’s capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2023 and February 16, 2024, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto. Trends and contingencies of a material nature are discussed to the extent known. Also, refer to Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements in Part I, Item 1 and to Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A.
A summary of net earnings attributable to PNMR is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
| (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Net earnings attributable to PNMR | $ | 87.8 |  |  | $ | 169.5 |  |  |  |  | $ | (81.8) |  |  |
Average diluted common and common equivalent shares | 86.4 |  |  | 86.2 |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to PNMR per diluted share | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |  |  |  |  | $ | (0.95) |  |  |

The components of the changes in net earnings attributable to PNMR by segment are:

| Change |  |
| 2023/2022 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
PNM | $ | (67.7) |  |  |
TNMP | 2.6 |  |  |
Corporate and Other | (16.7) |  |  |
Net change | $ | (81.8) |  |  |

Information regarding the factors impacting PNMR’s operating results by segment are set forth below.
Segment Information
The following discussion is based on the segment methodology that PNMR’s management uses for making operating decisions and assessing performance of its various business activities. See Note 2 for more information on PNMR’s operating segments.
PNM
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
PNM defines utility margin as electric operating revenues less cost of energy, which consists primarily of fuel and purchase power costs. PNM believes that utility margin provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating operations than electric operating revenues since substantially all fuel and purchase power costs are offset in revenues as those costs are passed through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC. Utility margin is not a financial measure required to be presented and is considered a non-GAAP measure. PNM does not intend for utility margin to represent any financial measure as defined by GAAP however, the calculation of utility margin, as presented, most closely compares to gross margin as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations between utility margin and gross margin are presented below.

| Year Ended December 31, |  | Change
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022
| (In millions)
Gross margin | $ | 409.4 |  |  | $ | 516.4 |  |  | $ | (107.0) |
Energy production costs | 91.6 |  |  | 147.3 |  |  | (55.7) |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61.7 |  |  | 58.3 |  |  | 3.4 |
Depreciation and amortization | 177.6 |  |  | 180.8 |  |  | (3.2) |
Utility margin | $ | 740.3 |  |  | $ | 902.8 |  |  | $ | (162.5) |

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The following table summarizes the operating results for PNM:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,403.9 |  |  | $ | 1,766.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | (362.9) |  |  |
Cost of energy | 663.6 |  |  | 864.0 |  |  |  |  | (200.4) |  |  |
Utility margin | 740.3 |  |  | 902.8 |  |  |  |  | (162.5) |  |  |
Operating expenses | 479.5 |  |  | 460.5 |  |  |  |  | 19.0 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 177.6 |  |  | 180.8 |  |  |  |  | (3.2) |  |  |
Operating income | 83.2 |  |  | 261.5 |  |  |  |  | (178.3) |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | 41.4 |  |  | (62.2) |  |  |  |  | 103.6 |  |  |
Interest charges | (86.6) |  |  | (61.1) |  |  |  |  | (25.5) |  |  |
Segment earnings before income taxes | 38.0 |  |  | 138.2 |  |  |  |  | (100.2) |  |  |
Income (taxes) | 16.8 |  |  | (19.2) |  |  |  |  | 36.0 |  |  |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (18.5) |  |  | (15.1) |  |  |  |  | (3.4) |  |  |
Preferred stock dividend requirements | (0.5) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Segment earnings | $ | 35.7 |  |  | $ | 103.4 |  |  |  |  | $ | (67.7) |  |  |

The following table shows GWh sales, including the impacts of weather, by customer class and average number of customers:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Percent Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
| (Gigawatt hours, except customers) |  |
Residential | 3,390.7 |  |  | 3,368.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.7 | % |  |
Commercial | 3,645.1 |  |  | 3,605.0 |  |  |  |  | 1.1 |  |  |
Industrial (1) | 1,879.3 |  |  | 1,770.0 |  |  |  |  | 6.2 |  |  |
Public authority | 215.5 |  |  | 219.9 |  |  |  |  | (2.0) |  |  |
Economy service (2) | 536.5 |  |  | 554.2 |  |  |  |  | (3.2) |  |  |
Other sales for resale (3) | 4,587.1 |  |  | 7,413.3 |  |  |  |  | (38.1) |  |  |
| 14,254.2 |  |  | 16,930.4 |  |  |  |  | (15.8) | % |  |
Average retail customer (thousands) | 548.0 |  |  | 543.6 |  |  |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |

(1)Includes energy provided by PNM for renewable energy resources to match the energy and capacity requirements of Meta. PNM purchases renewable energy which is passed through to Meta under a rate rider. A special service rate is applied to Meta’s energy consumption in those hours of the month when their consumption exceeds the energy production from the renewable resources.
(2)PNM purchases energy for a large customer on the customer’s behalf and delivers the energy to the customer’s location through PNM’s transmission system. PNM charges the customer for the cost of the energy as a direct pass through to the customer with only a minor impact in utility margin resulting from providing ancillary services.
(3)Includes sales for resale activity resulting from PNM’s participation in the EIM.
Operating results – 2023 compared to 2022
The following table summarizes the significant changes to gross margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Utility margin (see below) |  | $ | (162.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization (see below) |  | 3.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower plant maintenance costs primarily due to the retirement of SJGS, the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest, and lower costs at gas fired plants partially offset by higher costs at Four Corners and the remaining interests in PVNGS |  | 57.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related, outside services, and vegetation management expenses, excluding administrative costs |  | (4.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (107.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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The following table summarizes the significant changes to utility margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Retail customer usage/load – Weather normalized retail KWh sales decreased 1.0% for residential customers and 4.6% for industrial customers, which was partially offset by increased sales to commercial customers of 0.2% |  | $ | (0.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Weather – Primarily due to hotter weather in the third quarter of 2023 |  | 8.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transmission – Increase in revenues primarily due to higher market prices and higher volumes partially offset by the FERC Order 864 Settlement (Note 17) |  | 4.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unregulated margin – Decreases due to the retirement of SJGS Unit 4 in 2022 |  | (10.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Capacity arrangements – New agreements in 2023, including battery storage |  | (11.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate refunds – SJGS abandonment settlement agreement partially offset by NMPRC ordered rate refunds in 2022 (Note 17) |  | (127.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 Rate Change – PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest regulatory liability (Note 17) |  | (38.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| FERC ordered time-value refunds in 2022 (Note 17) |  | 8.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate riders and other – Includes renewable energy, FPPAC, energy efficiency, energy transition charge, and transportation electrification riders |  | 4.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (162.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following tables summarize the primary drivers for operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower plant maintenance and administrative costs primarily due to the retirement of SJGS, the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest, and lower costs at Four Corners and gas fired plants partially offset by higher costs related to the remaining interests in PVNGS |  | $ | (58.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related, outside services, and vegetation management expenses |  | 6.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher regulatory disallowances and restructuring costs, primarily resulting from the 2024 Rate Change (Note 17) |  | 69.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 19.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased utility plant in service |  | $ | 6.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower depreciation due to the retirement of SJGS |  | (8.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower depreciation due to the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest |  | (3.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 1.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (3.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other income (deductions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased performance on investment securities in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts |  | $ | 97.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest income and lower trust expenses related to investment securities in the NDT, coal mine reclamation and SJGS decommissioning trusts |  | 4.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 103.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest charges: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on term loan |  | $ | (7.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on short-term borrowings |  | (8.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of SUNs in April 2023 |  | (7.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on transmission interconnections and other customer deposit arrangements |  | (4.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest related to ETBC I issuance of Securitized Bonds in November 2023 |  | (2.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher debt AFUDC |  | 5.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (25.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income (taxes): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower segment earnings before income taxes |  | $ | 26.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher tax credits in 2023 |  | 5.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower amortization of federal excess deferred income taxes (Note 18) |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Impacts of the closure of SJGS in 2022 |  | 3.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower uncertain tax positions |  | 1.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 36.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

TNMP
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
TNMP defines utility margin as electric operating revenues less cost of energy, which consists of costs charged by third-party transmission providers. TNMP believes that utility margin provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating operations than electric operating revenues since all third-party transmission costs are passed on to consumers through a transmission cost recovery factor. Utility margin is not a financial measure required to be presented and is considered a non-GAAP measure. TNMP does not intend for utility margin to represent any financial measure as defined by GAAP however, the calculation of utility margin, as presented, most closely compares to gross margin as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations between utility margin and gross margin are presented below.

| Year Ended December 31, |  | Change
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023/2022
| (In millions)
Gross margin | $ | 246.5 |  |  | $ | 224.1 |  |  | $ | 22.4 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 37.0 |  |  | 36.4 |  |  | 0.6
Depreciation and amortization | 113.1 |  |  | 98.3 |  |  | 14.8
Utility margin | $ | 396.6 |  |  | $ | 358.8 |  |  | $ | 37.8 |

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The following table summarizes the operating results for TNMP:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Electric operating revenues | $ | 535.3 |  |  | $ | 482.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 52.6 |  |  |
Cost of energy | 138.6 |  |  | 123.9 |  |  |  |  | 14.7 |  |  |
Utility margin | 396.6 |  |  | 358.8 |  |  |  |  | 37.8 |  |  |
Operating expenses | 133.4 |  |  | 124.5 |  |  |  |  | 8.9 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 113.1 |  |  | 98.3 |  |  |  |  | 14.8 |  |  |
Operating income | 150.0 |  |  | 136.0 |  |  |  |  | 14.0 |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | 8.4 |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |  |  | (0.3) |  |  |
Interest charges | (46.2) |  |  | (37.2) |  |  |  |  | (9.0) |  |  |
Segment earnings before income taxes | 112.2 |  |  | 107.4 |  |  |  |  | 4.8 |  |  |
Income (taxes) | (17.3) |  |  | (15.2) |  |  |  |  | (2.1) |  |  |
Segment earnings | $ | 94.9 |  |  | $ | 92.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2.6 |  |  |

The following table shows total GWh sales, including the impacts of weather, by retail tariff consumer class and average number of consumers:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Percentage Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
Volumetric load (1) (GWh) |
Residential | 3,248.4 |  |  | 3,309.3 |  |  |  |  | (1.8) | % |  |
Commercial and other | 48.9 |  |  | 49.1 |  |  |  |  | (0.4) |  |  |
Total volumetric load | 3,297.3 |  |  | 3,358.4 |  |  |  |  | (1.8) | % |  |
Demand-based load (2) (MW) | 30,668.6 |  |  | 24,543.1 |  |  |  |  | 25.0 | % |  |
Average retail consumers (thousands) (3) | 272.1 |  |  | 267.9 |  |  |  |  | 1.6 | % |  |

(1)Volumetric load consumers are billed on KWh usage.
(2)Demand-based load includes consumers billed on a monthly KW peak and retail transmission customers that are primarily billed under rate riders.
(3)TNMP provides transmission and distribution services to REPs that provide electric service to customers in TNMP’s service territories. The number of consumers above represents the customers of these REPs. Under TECA, consumers in Texas have the ability to choose any REP to provide energy.
Operating results – 2023 compared to 2022
The following table summarizes the significant changes to gross margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Utility Margin (see below) |  | $ | 37.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization (see below) |  | (14.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related, outside services, and vegetation management expenses, excluding administrative costs |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 22.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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The following table summarizes the significant changes to utility margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transmission rate relief/load – Transmission cost of service rate increases in March 2022, September 2022, May 2023, and September 2023 |  | $ | 22.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Distribution rate relief – Distribution cost of service rate increases in September 2022 and September 2023 |  | 10.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Volumetric-based consumer usage/load – Weather normalized KWh sales were flat; the average number of volumetric consumers increased 1.5% |  | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demand based consumer usage/load – Weather normalized demand-based MW sales for large commercial and industrial consumers excluding retail transmission customers increased 14.1% |  | 8.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Weather – Milder winter weather was partially offset by warmer summer weather in 2023 |  | (2.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate riders and other – Impacts of rate riders, including the transmission cost recovery factor, energy efficiency rider, and rate case expense rider which are partially offset in operating expense and depreciation and amortization |  | (1.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 37.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following tables summarize the primary drivers for operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related, outside services, and vegetation management expenses |  | $ | 3.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher property tax due to increased utility plant in service |  | 2.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher allocated depreciation and amortization expense from Corporate and Other |  | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Regulatory disallowance related to notice of violation settlement (Note 17) |  | 1.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 8.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased utility plant in service |  | $ | 14.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 14.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other income (deductions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| AMS Reconciliation carrying charges |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher equity AFUDC |  | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of first mortgage bonds in 2023 |  | $ | (5.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of first mortgage bonds in 2022 |  | (3.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (9.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Income (taxes): |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher segment earnings before income taxes |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower amortization of excess deferred income taxes |  | (0.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (2.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Corporate and Other
The table below summarizes the operating results for Corporate and Other:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Total revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Cost of energy | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Utility margin | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Operating expenses | (26.9) |  |  | (22.0) |  |  |  |  | (4.9) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 28.7 |  |  | 25.7 |  |  |  |  | 3.0 |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (1.9) |  |  | (3.7) |  |  |  |  | 1.8 |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | (0.2) |  |  | (1.0) |  |  |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |
Interest charges | (57.6) |  |  | (29.6) |  |  |  |  | (28.0) |  |  |
Segment earnings (loss) before income taxes | (59.7) |  |  | (34.3) |  |  |  |  | (25.4) |  |  |
Income (taxes) benefit | 16.9 |  |  | 8.2 |  |  |  |  | 8.7 |  |  |
Segment earnings (loss) | $ | (42.8) |  |  | $ | (26.1) |  |  |  |  | $ | (16.7) |  |  |

Corporate and Other operating expenses shown above are net of amounts allocated to PNM and TNMP under shared services agreements. The amounts allocated include certain expenses shown as depreciation and amortization and other income (deductions) in the table above. The change in operating expenses includes a decrease of $0.8 million in costs related to the Merger that were not allocated to PNM or TNMP. Substantially all depreciation and amortization expense are offset in operating expenses as a result of allocation of these costs to other business segments.
Operating results – 2023 compared to 2022
The following tables summarize the primary drivers for other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (deductions): |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher equity method investment income from NMRD |  | $ | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 0.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on short-term borrowings |  | $ | (7.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on term loans |  | (21.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (28.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income (taxes) benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher segment loss before income taxes |  | $ | 6.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax impact of non-deductible merger related costs |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 8.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Statements of Cash Flows
The information concerning PNMR’s cash flows is summarized as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
Net cash flows from: | (In millions)
Operating activities | $ | 551.2 |  |  | $ | 567.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | (16.1) |  |  |
Investing activities | (1,088.4) |  |  | (950.3) |  |  |  |  | (138.1) |  |  |
Financing activities | 537.1 |  |  | 386.0 |  |  |  |  | 151.1 |  |  |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | (0.1) |  |  | $ | 3.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | (3.1) |  |  |

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Changes in PNMR’s cash flow from operating activities result from net earnings, adjusted for items impacting earnings that do not provide or use cash. See Results of Operations above. Certain changes in assets and liabilities resulting from normal operations, including the effects of the seasonal nature of the Company’s operations, also impact operating cash flows.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The changes in PNMR’s cash flows from investing activities relate primarily to changes in utility plant additions. Cash flows from investing activities include purchases and sales of investment securities in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning trust, and coal mine reclamation trusts as well as activity related to NMRD. Major components of PNMR’s cash inflows and (outflows) from investing activities are shown below:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  |  |  | 2023/2022 |  |
Cash (Outflows) for Utility Plant Additions | (In millions) |  |
PNM: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Generation | $ | (63.8) |  |  | $ | (62.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  |
Transmission and distribution | (485.0) |  |  | (349.4) |  |  |  |  | (135.6) |  |  |
Nuclear fuel | (16.3) |  |  | (21.3) |  |  |  |  | 5.0 |  |  |
| (565.1) |  |  | (433.5) |  |  |  |  | (131.6) |  |  |
TNMP: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transmission | (124.4) |  |  | (188.2) |  |  |  |  | 63.8 |  |  |
Distribution | (340.0) |  |  | (261.3) |  |  |  |  | (78.7) |  |  |
| (464.4) |  |  | (449.5) |  |  |  |  | (14.9) |  |  |
Corporate and Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Computer hardware and software | (30.6) |  |  | (27.5) |  |  |  |  | (3.1) |  |  |
General services, building, and other | (15.7) |  |  | (2.1) |  |  |  |  | (13.6) |  |  |
| $ | (1,075.8) |  |  | $ | (912.6) |  |  |  |  | $ | (163.2) |  |  |
Other Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | $ | 32.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 32.7 |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 574.2 |  |  | 526.4 |  |  |  |  | 47.8 |  |  |
Purchases of investment securities | (593.2) |  |  | (564.9) |  |  |  |  | (28.3) |  |  |
Investments in NMRD | (26.3) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (26.3) |  |  |
Other, net | — |  |  | 0.8 |  |  |  |  | (0.8) |  |  |
| $ | (12.6) |  |  | $ | (37.7) |  |  |  |  | $ | 25.1 |  |  |
Net cash flows from investing activities | $ | (1,088.4) |  |  | $ | (950.3) |  |  |  |  | $ | (138.1) |  |  |

Cash Flow from Financing Activities
The changes in PNMR’s cash flows from financing activities include:
•Short-term borrowings increased $29.9 million in 2023 compared to an increase of $169.3 million in 2022, resulting in a net decrease in cash flows from financing activities of $139.4 million in 2023
•In 2023, PNMR borrowed $500.0 million under the PNMR 2023 Term Loan and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the PNMR 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan
•In 2023, PNMR physically settled forward sales of common stock under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program and received $198.2 million in net proceeds that were used to repay amounts borrowed under the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes
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•In 2023, PNM issued $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of the PNM 2023 SUNs and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, to fund capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes
•In 2023, PNM remarketed $130.0 million of outstanding PCRBs to new investors
•In 2023, PNM repaid $55.0 million of 3.15% SUNs that were due in May 2023
•In 2023, PNM received proceeds from the sale of energy transition property to ETBC I and used those proceeds to repay the $225.0 million PNM 2022 Delayed Draw Term Loan and borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility
•In 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million in Securitized Bonds and used the proceeds to purchase energy transition property from PNM
•In 2023, TNMP issued $185.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP 2023 Bonds and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, to fund capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes
Financing Activities
See Note 7 for additional information concerning the Company’s financing activities. PNM must obtain NMPRC approval for any financing transaction having a maturity of more than 18 months. In addition, PNM files its annual informational financing filing and short-term financing plan with the NMPRC. The Company’s ability to access the credit and capital markets at a reasonable cost is largely dependent upon its:
•Ability to earn a fair return on equity
•Results of operations
•Ability to obtain required regulatory approvals
•Conditions in the financial markets
•Credit ratings
The Company is closely monitoring the impacts on the capital markets of other macroeconomic conditions, including actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, and geopolitical activity. The Company currently believes it has adequate liquidity but cannot predict the effects of any of these macroeconomic conditions on the global, national, or local economy, including the Company’s ability to access capital in the financial markets, or on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Each of the Company’s revolving credit facilities and term loans contain a single financial covenant that requires the maintenance of a debt-to-capitalization ratio. For the PNMR agreements, this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 70%, and for the PNM and TNMP agreements, this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 65%. The Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements generally also contain customary covenants, events of default, cross-default provisions, and change-of-control provisions. The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants.
On April 28, 2023, PNM entered into an agreement (the “PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement”) for the sale and issuance of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of SUNs. PNM issued $150.0 million of the PNM 2023 SUNs at 5.51%, due April 28, 2035, and another $50.0 million at 5.92%, due April 28, 2053. Proceeds from the PNM 2023 SUNs were used to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes.
On April 28, 2023, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2023 Bond Purchase Agreement”) for the sale of $185.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of TNMP first mortgage bonds. TNMP issued the first series of $130.0 million on April 28, 2023, at a 5.01% interest rate, due April 28, 2033. The second series of $55.0 million was issued on July 28, 2023, at a 5.47% interest rate, due July 28, 2053. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.15% SUNs outstanding due May 2023. On May 15, 2023, PNM repaid the $55.0 million 3.15% SUNs.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $130.0 million of 1.10% PCRBs outstanding with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2023. On June 1, 2023, PNM remarketed the $130.0 million to new investors at 3.90% with a mandatory tender date of June 1, 2028.
On June 30, 2023, PNMR entered into the $500.0 million PNMR 2023 Term Loan. The PNMR 2023 Term Loan matures on June 30, 2026 and bears interest at a variable rate, which was 6.83% at December 31, 2023. The proceeds were used to prepay an equal amount of the PNMR 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan, without penalty.
On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million aggregate principal amount of its senior secured energy transition bonds, Series A (“Securitized Bonds”) in two tranches. The first tranche of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount was
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issued at an interest rate of 5.64% with an expected final payment due in August 2040. The second tranche of $168.2 million aggregate principal amount was issued at an interest rate of 6.03% with an expected final payment due in August 2048.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $225.0 million outstanding under its PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan that was set to mature in February 2024. On November 15, 2023, upon receipt of funds from the sale of energy transition property to ETBC I discussed in Note 7, PNM prepaid the $225.0 million outstanding under the PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, without penalty, and repaid borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility.
As discussed in Note 7, in November 2022, PNMR entered into a distribution agreement (the “PNMR 2022 ATM Program”). During 2023, PNMR entered into forward sales agreements with third-party forward purchasers relating to the sale of 4.4 million shares of common stock, under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program. The average initial forward sale prices were subject to adjustments based on a net interest rate factor and by future dividends paid on PNMR common stock. PNMR did not initially receive any proceeds upon the execution of these agreements and, except in certain specified circumstances, had the option to elect physical, cash, or net share settlement of the forward sale agreements on or before a date that is 12 months from the agreement effective dates. Refer to Note 7 for information regarding the average initial forward sales prices, the Company’s settlement options and related accounting treatment. On December 15, 2023, PNMR physically settled the forward purchases under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program and received $198.2 million in net cash proceeds that were used to repay borrowings under the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes.
PNMR has entered into multiple hedging arrangements, with maturity dates ranging from September 2023 through December 2025. See Note 7 for the related effective dates and terms of each arrangement. All of these hedging agreements establish a fixed rate for the indicated amount of variable rate debt, above which a customary spread is applied, which is subject to change if there is a change in PNMR’s credit rating. These hedge agreements have been accounted for as cash flow hedges.
Capital Requirements
PNMR’s total capital requirements consist of construction expenditures, cash dividend requirements for PNMR common stock and PNM preferred stock. Key activities in PNMR’s current construction program include:
•Investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure
•Upgrading generation resources and delivering clean energy
•Purchasing nuclear fuel
Projected capital requirements for 2024-2028 are:

| 2024 |  | 2025-2028 |  | Total
| (In millions)
Construction expenditures | $ | 1,176.3 |  |  | $ | 4,876.9 |  |  | $ | 6,053.2 |
Dividends on PNMR common stock | 139.8 |  |  | 559.3 |  |  | 699.1 |
Dividends on PNM preferred stock | 0.5 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.6 |
Total capital requirements | $ | 1,316.6 |  |  | $ | 5,438.3 |  |  | $ | 6,754.9 |

The construction expenditure estimates are under continuing review and subject to ongoing adjustment, as well as to Board review and approval. The construction expenditures above include TNMP’s investments to support continued high growth in system demand across TNMP’s service territories and growing encouragement for infrastructure investments from the Texas legislature to support grid reliability and resilience. PNM’s capital initiative that includes investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to deliver clean energy, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase grid resilience. Construction expenditures also include investments proposed in PNM’s Grid Modernization Application. These investments provide for a more resilient, reliable, efficient, and decarbonized electric system. Not included in the table above are incremental expenditures for new customer growth in New Mexico and Texas, and other transmission and renewable energy expansion in New Mexico. The ability of PNMR to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the ability of PNM and TNMP to pay dividends to PNMR. See Note 6 for a discussion of regulatory and contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by PNM and TNMP.
During the year ended December 31, 2023, PNMR met its capital requirements and construction expenditures through cash generated from operations, as well as its liquidity arrangements and the borrowings discussed in Financing Activities above.
In addition to the capital requirements for construction expenditures and dividends, the Company has long-term debt and term loans that must be paid or refinanced at maturity. PNM has $198.0 million of PCRBs with a mandatory remarketing date in June 2024 and TNMP has $80.0 million of its 4.03% first mortgage bonds due in July 2024. ETBC I also has $2.5 million of scheduled payments due August 2024 for the Securitized Bonds which are funded by the energy transition charge billed to customers (Note 16). See Note 7 for additional information about the Company’s long-term debt and equity arrangements. The Company may also enter into new arrangements similar to the existing agreements, borrow under the
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revolving credit facilities, issue new long-term debt or equity in the public or private capital markets, or a combination of these sources. The Company has from time to time refinanced or repurchased portions of its outstanding debt before scheduled maturity. Depending on market conditions, the Company may refinance other debt issuances or make additional debt repurchases in the future.
Other Material Cash Requirements
In addition to the cash requirements for construction requirements and long-term debt discussed above, the Company has other material cash requirements related to long-term contractual obligations including minimum lease payments (Note 8), coal contracts, coal mine reclamation, nuclear decommissioning, SJGS plant decommissioning (Note 16), and pension and retiree medical contributions (Note 11).
Interest on long-term debt, excluding Securitized Bonds
Interest accrues on long-term debt agreements, at fixed rates, with the passage of time, and is typically paid semi-annually in accordance with the terms of the debt agreement. Provided that these long-term debt agreements are not prepaid or refinanced before their expected maturities, payments of interest are expected to total $113.4 million in 2024, $200.2 million in 2025 and 2026, $177.0 million in 2027 and 2028, and $818.4 million in 2029 and thereafter.
Scheduled payments on Securitized Bonds
Securitized Bonds are subject to fixed, scheduled, principal and interest payment arrangements that are paid semi-annually in accordance with the terms of the agreement and are funded by the energy transition charge billed to customers. See Note 16. Principal payments are expected to total $2.5 million for 2024, $14.2 million for 2025 and 2026, $15.9 million for 2027 and 2028, and $310.6 million for 2029 and thereafter. Interest payments are expected to total $15.0 million for 2024, $39.2 million for 2025 and 2026, $37.5 million for 2027 and 2028, and $223.0 million for 2029 and thereafter.
Transmission service arrangements
PNM owns transmission lines that are interconnected with other utilities in Arizona and Texas. PNM has executed long-term contracts with these other utilities to receive service for the transmission of energy owned by PNM utilizing the third-party transmission facilities. PNM generally receives transmission services, which are regulated by FERC, from a third-party through the other utilities’ OATT or a specific contract. PNM has reserved firm capacity on a long-term basis and is committed under the terms of the contracts. These contracted obligations total $16.0 million in 2024, $28.2 million in 2025 and 2026, $23.7 million in 2027 and 2028, and none in 2029 and thereafter.
Technology outsourcing
The Company has other technology services under long-term contracts. The obligations under these contracts total $7.1 million for 2024 and $8.9 million for 2025 and 2026.
Liquidity
PNMR’s liquidity arrangements include the $300.0 million PNMR Revolving Credit Facility, the $400.0 million PNM Revolving Credit Facility, and the $100.0 million TNMP Revolving Credit Facility. Both PNMR and PNM have exercised the available extension option on their respective credit facilities extending maturity through October 2026. Effective November 1, 2024, the amount of the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility will adjust to $285.0 million and the amount of the PNM Revolving Credit Facility will adjust to $380.0 million because one lender in each facility failed to agree to the extensions. PNM also has the $40.0 million PNM New Mexico Credit Facility with a maturity of May 20, 2026. TNMP has exercised the available extension options on its $100.0 million credit facility, extending the maturity to September 23, 2026. Variable interest rates under the PNMR, PNM, and TNMP revolving credit facilities are based on SOFR. The Company believes the terms and conditions of these facilities are consistent with those of other investment grade revolving credit facilities in the utility industry. The Company expects that it will be able to extend or replace these credit facilities under similar terms and conditions prior to their expirations.
The revolving credit facilities and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility provide short-term borrowing capacity. The revolving credit facilities also allow letters of credit to be issued. Letters of credit reduce the available capacity under the facilities. The Company utilizes these credit facilities and cash flows from operations to provide funds for both construction and operational expenditures. The Company’s business is seasonal with more revenues and cash flows from operations being generated in the summer months. In general, the Company relies on the credit facilities to be the initial funding source for construction expenditures. Accordingly, borrowings under the facilities may increase over time. Depending on market and other conditions, the Company will periodically sell long-term debt and use the proceeds to reduce the borrowings under the credit facilities.
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Information regarding the range of borrowings for each facility is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Year Ended December 31 |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2023 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Range of Borrowings |  | Low |  | High |  | Low |  | High |  | Low |  | High |  |  |  |
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  |
PNM: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | $ | 40.0 |  |  | $ | 156.5 |  |  | $ | 16.7 |  |  | $ | 200.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 145.9 |  |  |  |  |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 30.0 |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 40.0 |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 36.1 |  |  | 71.4 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  |  |
PNMR Revolving Credit Facility |  | 60.0 |  |  | 247.4 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 247.4 |  |  | — |  |  | 100.2 |  |  |  |  |

At December 31, 2023, the weighted average interest rates were 6.69% for the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, 6.71% for the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, 6.32% for the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, and 6.96% for the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility.
The Company currently believes that its capital requirements for at least the next twelve months can be met through internal cash generation, existing, extended, or new credit arrangements, and access to public and private capital markets as discussed above and in Note 7. The Company anticipates that it will be necessary to obtain additional long-term financing to fund its capital requirements and to balance its capital structure during the 2024 – 2028 period. This could include new debt and/or equity issuances. To cover the difference in the amounts and timing of internal cash generation and cash requirements, the Company intends to use short-term borrowings under its current and future liquidity arrangements or other short-term loans. Market conditions, such as rising interest rates, may raise the cost of borrowing under the Company’s current and future liquidity arrangements or other variable debt. In addition, if market conditions worsen, the Company may not be able to access the capital markets or renew credit facilities when they expire. Should that occur, the Company would seek to improve cash flows by reducing capital expenditures and exploring other available alternatives.
Currently, all of the credit ratings issued by both Moody’s and S&P on the Company’s debt are investment grade. As of December 31, 2023, Moody’s outlook is stable for all entities and S&P outlook is positive for all entities. On January 15, 2024, S&P revised PNMR, PNM & TNMP’s outlook to stable from positive. Investors are cautioned that a security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, that each rating is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization, and that each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
As of February 16, 2024, ratings on the Company’s securities were as follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
S&P |  |  |  |  |
Issuer rating | BBB |  | BBB |  | BBB+
Senior secured debt | * |  | * |  | A
Senior unsecured debt | BBB- |  | BBB |  | *
Preferred stock | * |  | BB+ |  | *
Moody’s |  |  |  |  |
Issuer rating | Baa3 |  | Baa2 |  | Baa1
Senior secured debt | * |  | * |  | A2
Senior unsecured debt | Baa3 |  | Baa2 |  | *
* Not applicable |  |  |  |  |

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A summary of liquidity arrangements as of February 16, 2024, is as follows:

| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Separate |  |  |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In millions)
Financing capacity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 400.0 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 300.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 800.0 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility | 40.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 40.0 |
Total financing capacity | $ | 440.0 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 300.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 840.0 |
Amounts outstanding as of February 16, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 121.3 |  |  | $ | 100.0 |  |  | $ | 126.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 347.5 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility | 30.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 30.0 |
Letters of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  | 3.1 |
Total short-term debt and letters of credit | 151.3 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  | 129.3 |  |  |  |  | 380.6 |
Remaining availability as of February 16, 2024 | $ | 288.7 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 170.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 459.4 |
Invested cash as of February 16, 2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.9 |

In addition to the above, PNMR has $30.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the WFB LOC Facility. The above table excludes intercompany debt. As of February 16, 2024, PNM and TNMP had zero and $3.8 million of intercompany borrowings from PNMR. PNMR Development had $14.3 million of intercompany borrowings from PNMR and PNMR had no intercompany borrowing from PNMR Development. The remaining availability under the revolving credit facilities at any point in time varies based on a number of factors, including the timing of collections of accounts receivables and payments for construction and operating expenditures.
PNMR has an automatic shelf registration that provides for the issuance of various types of debt and equity securities that expires in March 2025. PNM has a shelf registration statement for up to $650.0 million of SUNs that expires in May 2026.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
PNMR has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Contingent Provisions of Certain Obligations
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP have a number of debt obligations and other contractual commitments that contain contingent provisions. Some of these, if triggered, could affect the liquidity of the Company. In the unlikely event that the contingent requirements were to be triggered, PNMR, PNM, or TNMP could be required to provide security, immediately pay outstanding obligations, or be prevented from drawing on unused capacity under certain credit agreements. The most significant consequences resulting from these contingent requirements are detailed in the discussion below.
The PNMR Revolving Credit Facility, PNM Revolving Credit Facility, PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility contain “ratings triggers,” for pricing purposes only. If PNMR, PNM, or TNMP is downgraded or upgraded by the ratings agencies, the result would be an increase or decrease in interest cost. The PNMR facility requires that PNMR is to maintain a debt-to-capitalization ratio of less than or equal to 70%. The debt-to-capitalization ratio requirement remains at less than or equal to 65% for the PNM and TNMP facilities. If these ratios were exceeded, the entity could be required to repay all borrowings under its facility, be prevented from borrowing on the unused capacity under the facility, and be required to provide collateral for all outstanding letters of credit issued under the facility.
PNM’s standard purchase agreement for the procurement of natural gas for its fuel needs contains a contingent requirement that could require PNM to provide collateral for its gas purchase obligations if the seller were to reasonably believe that PNM was unable to fulfill its payment obligations under the agreement.
The master agreement for the sale of electricity in the WSPP contains a contingent requirement that could require PNM to provide collateral if the credit ratings on its debt falls below investment grade. The WSPP agreement also contains a contingent requirement, commonly called a “material adverse change” provision, which could require PNM to provide collateral if a material adverse change in its financial condition or operations were to occur. Additionally, PNM utilizes standard derivative contracts to financially hedge and trade energy. These agreements contain contingent requirements that require PNM to provide security if the credit rating on its debt falls below investment grade. The Company believes its financing arrangements are sufficient to meet the requirements of the contingent provisions. No conditions have occurred that would result in any of the above contingent provisions being implemented.
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Capital Structure
The capitalization tables below include the current maturities of long-term debt, but do not include short-term debt and do not include operating lease obligations as debt.

| December 31,
PNMR | 2023 |  | 2022
PNMR common equity | 34.1 | % |  | 34.9 | %
Preferred stock of subsidiary | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Long-term debt | 65.7 |  |  | 64.9 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
PNM |  |  |
PNM common equity | 46.2 | % |  | 48.7 | %
Preferred stock | 0.3 |  |  | 0.3 |
Long-term debt | 53.5 |  |  | 51.0 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
TNMP |  |  |
Common equity | 49.5 | % |  | 50.6 | %
Long-term debt | 50.5 |  |  | 49.4 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

OTHER ISSUES FACING THE COMPANY
Climate Change Issues
Background
For the past several years, management has identified multiple risks and opportunities related to climate change, including potential environmental regulation, technological innovation, and availability of fuel and water for operations, as among the most significant risks facing the Company. Accordingly, these risks are overseen by the Board in order to facilitate more integrated risk and strategy oversight and planning. Board oversight includes understanding the various challenges and opportunities presented by these risks, including the financial consequences that might result from enacted and potential federal and/or state regulation of GHG; plans to mitigate these risks; and the impacts these risks may have on the Company’s strategy. In addition, the Board approves certain procurements of grid modernization technologies, and replacement resources.
Management is also responsible for assessing significant risks, developing and executing appropriate responses, and reporting to the Board on the status of risk activities. For example, management periodically updates the Board on the implementation of corporate environmental policy, and the Company’s environmental management systems, including the promotion of energy efficiency programs, and the use of renewable resources. The Board is also informed of the Company’s practices and procedures to assess the impacts of operations on the environment. The Board considers issues associated with climate change, the Company’s GHG exposures, and the financial consequences that might result from enacted and potential federal and/or state regulation of GHG. Management has published, with Board oversight, a Climate Change Report available at http://www.pnmresources.com/about-us/sustainability-portal.aspx, that details the Company’s efforts to transition to an emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040.
As part of management’s continuing effort to monitor climate-related risks and assess opportunities, the Company has advanced its understanding of climate change by participating in the “2 Degree Scenario” planning by participating in the Electric Power Research Institute (“EPRI”) Understanding Climate Scenarios & Goal Setting Activities program. The program focused on characterizing and analyzing the relationship of individual electric utility company’s carbon emissions and global temperature goals. Activities include analyzing the scientific understanding of global emissions pathways that are consistent with limiting global warming and providing insight to assist companies in developing approaches to climate scenario planning. As PNM expands its sustainability efforts, EPRI’s environmental and climate analysis programs have also been useful in gaining a better understanding of energy and environmental policy and regulations, advanced clean energy technologies, decarbonization trends and climate impacts. In 2022, PNM joined EPRI’s Climate READi program which is a strategic initiative convening a global collaborative of electric utilities, thought leaders, scientific researchers and other key stakeholders to strengthen the power sector’s collective approach to managing climate risk to the power system. The program is a three-year initiative, through work across three concurrent workstreams, and PNM will benefit from the development of a first-of-its-kind comprehensive framework for managing physical climate risk and investment prioritization.
The Company cannot anticipate or predict the potential long-term effects of climate change or climate change related regulation on its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Exposures
In 2022, GHG emissions associated with PNM’s interests in its fossil-fueled generating plants included approximately 4.8 million metric tons of CO 2, which comprises the vast majority of PNM’s GHG emissions.
As of December 31, 2023, approximately 43% of PNM’s generating capacity, including resources owned, leased, under PPAs or battery storage agreements, all of which is located within the U.S., consisted of coal or gas-fired generation that produces GHG emissions and reflects the retirement of SJGS. As PNM shifts its generation to cleaner energy resources, the Company’s output of GHG emissions continues to decrease. Many factors affect the amount of GHG emitted, including total electricity sales, plant performance, economic dispatch, and the availability of renewable resources. For example, wind generation performance from PNM’s largest single renewable energy resource, New Mexico Wind, varies each year as a result of highly seasonal wind patterns and annual wind resource variability. Similarly, if PVNGS experienced prolonged outages or if PNM’s entitlement from PVNGS were reduced, PNM might be required to utilize other power supply resources such as gas-fired generation, which could increase GHG emissions.
PNM has several programs underway to reduce or offset GHG emissions from its generation resource portfolio, thereby reducing its exposure to climate change regulation. PNM shutdown SJGS Units 2 and 3 as part of its strategy to address the regional haze requirements of the CAA. The shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 resulted in a reduction of GHG emissions for the entire station of approximately 54% for 2018, reflecting a reduction of 32% of GHG emissions from the Company’s owned interests in SJGS, below 2005 levels. PNM shut down the remaining SJGS Units 1 and 4 on June 30, 2022 and September 30, 2022, respectively, resulting in additional reductions in GHG emissions. In addition, PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application with the NMPRC for approval to sell its ownership interest in Four Corners by the end of 2024. The NMPRC denied PNM’s application in 2021 and the NM Supreme Court upheld the NMPRC decision in July 2023. The Company is still determining next steps. See additional discussion of the SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment in Note 17. Retiring PNM’s share of SJGS in 2022 resulted in a GHG emissions reduction from 2021 levels of 67% and exiting participation in Four Corners would result in a total reduction of approximately 88% of PNM’s GHG emissions based upon 2021 GHG emissions from generation.
PNM’s renewable procurements in service as of December 31, 2023 with a total net generation capacity of 1,277 MW include utility-owned solar capacity, as well as solar, wind, geothermal, and battery storage. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional renewable resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory, including the portfolio to replace SJGS and the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application. PNM’s approved renewable resource plans have a generation capacity of 1,692 MW and are expected in operation by 2025. In addition, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of 410 MW of renewable resources for the 2026 summer peak. The majority of these renewable resources are key means for PNM to meet the RPS and related regulations that require PNM to achieve prescribed levels of energy sales from renewable sources, including those set by the ETA, without exceeding cost requirements. Approval of these renewable energy and battery resources supports PNM’s transition to a carbon-free portfolio by 2040. These estimates are subject to change due to underlying variables, including changes in PNM’s generation portfolio, supplier’s ability to meet contractual in-service dates and complex relationships between several factors. See additional discussion of these resources in Notes 16 and 17.
PNM also has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 281.6 MW at December 31, 2023. PNM’s distributed solar programs will generate an estimated 563.2 GWh of emission-free solar energy available this year to offset PNM’s annual production from fossil-fueled electricity generation. Under the Community Solar Act, PNM will receive 125 MW of capacity to provide customers the option of accessing solar energy. PNM has offered its customers a comprehensive portfolio of energy efficiency and load management programs since 2007. PNM’s cumulative savings from these programs was approximately 7,462 GWh of electricity through 2023. Over the next 20 years, PNM projects energy efficiency and load management programs will provide the equivalent of approximately 12,900 GWh of electricity savings, which will avoid approximately 220,000 tons of CO 2 based upon projected emissions from PNM’s portfolio of resources. These estimates are subject to change because of the uncertainty of many of the underlying variables, including changes in PNM’s generation portfolio, demand for electricity, energy efficiency, and complex relationships between those variables.
Because of PNM’s dependence on fossil-fueled generation, legislation or regulation that imposes a limit or cost on GHG could impact the cost at which electricity is produced. While PNM expects to recover any such costs through rates, the timing and outcome of proceedings for cost recovery are uncertain. In addition, to the extent that any additional costs are recovered through rates, customers may reduce their usage, relocate facilities to other areas with lower energy costs, or take other actions that ultimately could adversely impact PNM.
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Other Climate Change Risks
PNM’s generating stations are located in the arid southwest. Access to water for cooling for some of these facilities is critical to continued operations. Forecasts for the impacts of climate change on water supply in the southwest range from reduced precipitation to changes in the timing of precipitation. In either case, PNM’s generating facilities requiring water for cooling will need to mitigate the impacts of climate change through adaptive measures. Current measures employed by PNM generating stations include the use of sustainable, less variable groundwater supplies and investments in technologies such as air cooling and cooling water recycling. These types of actions will continue to be important to sustain operations.
PNM’s service areas occasionally experience periodic high winds and severe thunderstorms. TNMP has operations in the Gulf Coast area of Texas, which experiences periodic hurricanes and other extreme weather conditions. In addition to potentially causing physical damage to Company-owned facilities, which disrupts the ability to transmit and/or distribute energy, weather and other events of nature can temporarily reduce customers’ usage and demand for energy. In addition, other events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, could disrupt Company operations or result in third-party claims against the Company. PNM has enhanced its wildfire prevention efforts and maintains a wildfire mitigation plan; however, PNM remains at risk for wildfires outside of its control and the resulting damages in its service areas.
EPA Regulation
In 2007, the US Supreme Court held that EPA has the authority to regulate GHG emissions under the CAA, and in 2009, EPA released its endangerment finding for GHG from new motor vehicles, stating that the atmospheric concentrations of six key greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, nitrous oxides, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) endanger the public health and welfare. These actions triggered new GHG permitting requirements for stationary sources, including the energy industry, under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V programs, although the US Supreme Court held the CAA does not authorize EPA to require a source to obtain a PSD permit solely on the basis of its potential GHG emissions.
EPA also determined that its finding of endangerment requires it to issue performance standards under Section 111 of the CAA to regulate GHG emissions from new and existing stationary sources, including fossil fuel fired electric generating units. Accordingly, in 2015, EPA issued Carbon Pollution Standards for new, modified, and reconstructed power plants (under Section 111(b)) and the Clean Power Plan for existing power plants (under Section 111(d)).
EPA’s Carbon Pollution Standards for new sources (those constructed after January 8, 2014) established separate standards for gas and coal-fired units deemed achievable through the application of what EPA determined to be the BSER demonstrated for each type of unit efficient natural gas combined cycle technology for gas units, and partial carbon capture and sequestration for coal units. The Clean Power Plan established numeric “emission standards” for existing electric generating units based on emission reduction opportunities that EPA deemed achievable using technical assumptions for three “building blocks”: efficiency improvements at coal-fired EGUs, displacement of affected EGUs with renewable energy, and displacement of coal-fired generation with natural gas-fired generation. EPA used those “emission standards” to set state emission reduction goals that formed the basis of a trading program that relied on “generation shifting” to reduce emissions from the power sector as a whole.
Multiple states, utilities, and trade groups challenged both the Carbon Pollution Standards for new sources and the Clean Power Plan for existing sources in separate cases, and the challengers successfully petitioned the US Supreme Court for a stay of the Clean Power Plan. However, before the DC Circuit could issue an opinion regarding either the Carbon Pollution Standards or the Clean Power Plan, President Trump took office and his administration asked the court to hold both cases in abeyance while the rules were re-evaluated, which the court granted.
In 2019, EPA repealed the Clean Power Plan, promulgated the ACE Rule, and revised the implementing regulations for all emission guidelines issued under CAA Section 111(d). EPA set the BSER for existing coal-fired power plants as heat rate efficiency improvements based on a range of “candidate technologies” to be applied inside the fence-line of an individual facility. The ACE Rule was also challenged and, on January 19, 2021, the DC Circuit issued an opinion in American Lung Association and American Public Health Association v. EPA, et al. vacating the ACE Rule. While the D.C. Circuit rejected the ACE Rule, it did not reinstate the Clean Power Plan. Rather, the DC Circuit granted an EPA motion asking the court to withhold issuance of the mandate with respect to the repeal of the Clean Power Plan until EPA responds to the court’s remand in a new rulemaking action.
Numerous parties sought review by the US Supreme Court and on June 30, 2022, the Court held that the “generation shifting” approach in the Clean Power Plan exceeded the powers granted to EPA by Congress, though the Court did not address the related issue of whether Section 111 of the CAA only authorizes EPA to require measures that can be implemented entirely within the fence line at an individual source. Of broader significance in administrative law, the Court’s opinion expressly invoked the major question doctrine, which requires rules involving issues of “vast economic or political significance” to be supported by clear statutory authorization. In cases where there is no clear statement of authority, courts need not defer to the
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agency’s statutory interpretation on “major questions.” The decision sets legal precedent for future rulemakings by EPA and other federal regulatory agencies whereby the agency’s authority may be limited based upon similar reasoning.
The litigation over the Carbon Pollution Standards remains held in abeyance but could be reactivated by the parties upon a determination by the court that reconsideration of the rule has concluded.
On May 23, 2023, EPA published in the Federal Register proposed regulatory actions under CAA sections 111(b) and (d) to replace the Clean Power Plan and the ACE rule. The proposed regulations cover: (1) New natural gas-based EGUs under section 111(b); (2) Existing large and frequently operated natural gas-based EGUs under section 111(d); and (3) Existing coal-based EGUs under section 111(d). Standards of performance for existing coal EGUs will be based on two technologies depending on retirement date: CCS or co-firing gas in lieu of coal. For gas-based EGUs, the standards will be based on CCS or the use of green hydrogen in lieu of natural gas. States will be required to develop SIPs to EPA that provide for the establishment, implementation and enforcement of these standards as they apply to existing sources. States may take into account remaining useful life and other factors when establishing the standards. EPA is proposing that existing coal units must start complying with their gas co-firing or CCS based standards of performance on January 1, 2030, unless they commit to retirement before 2032 (or retirement by 2035 if they also commit to a 20% annual operating limit). Existing combustion turbine units must start complying with their hydrogen or CCS based standards of performance on January 1, 2032, or January 1, 2035, depending on their subcategory, which is based on the control technology selected. The package also includes a proposed repeal of the ACE rule and revisions to the standard for modified and reconstructed units, along with a notice of public rulemaking seeking data and information about setting standards for existing smaller natural gas-based generators. Comments on the rule were due to EPA by August 8, 2023. PNM filed company-specific comments and continues to review the proposed rule and its potential impacts on the Company’s fossil-fueled generation resources. EPA has indicated it plans to promulgate a final rule by Spring 2024.
In 2021, President Biden signed an executive order “Protecting Public Health and the Environment and Restoring Science to Tackle the Climate Crisis,” which instructs agency heads to review all Trump Administration actions for inconsistency with the Biden Administration’s policy “to listen to the science; to improve public health and protect our environment; to ensure access to clean air and water; to limit exposure to dangerous chemicals and pesticides; to hold polluters accountable, including those who disproportionately harm communities of color and low-income communities; to reduce greenhouse gas emissions; to bolster resilience to the impacts of climate change; to restore and expand our national treasures and monuments; and to prioritize both environmental justice and the creation of the well-paying union jobs necessary to deliver on these goals.” Agency heads were directed to consider suspending, revising or rescinding any action that is inconsistent with the stated policy. Within 30 days of the executive order, agency heads submitted to the United States Office of Management and Budget (“OMB”) a preliminary list of those actions being considered for suspension, revision or rescission that would be completed by December 31, 2021, and would be subject to OMB review. Within 90 days of the executive order, agency heads submitted to OMB an updated list of such actions that would be completed by December 31, 2025.
Federal Legislation
President Biden has indicated that climate change is a top priority for his administration. On April 22, 2021, at the Earth Day Summit, as part of the U.S.’s re-entry into the Paris Agreement, President Biden unveiled the goal to cut U.S. emissions by 50% - 52% from 2005 levels by 2030, nearly double the GHG emissions reduction target set by the Obama Administration. The 2030 goal joins President Biden’s other climate goals which include a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net-zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
In 2022, President Biden signed the IRA providing nearly $370 billion in climate action over the next decade. The legislation is aimed at reducing carbon emissions by investing in a variety of efforts, including tax credits for renewables, battery storage, carbon capture, and electric vehicle sales.
State and Regional Activity
Pursuant to New Mexico law, each utility must submit an IRP to the NMPRC every three years to evaluate renewable energy, energy efficiency, load management, distributed generation, and conventional supply-side resources on a consistent and comparable basis. The IRP is required to take into consideration risk and uncertainty of fuel supply, price volatility, and costs of anticipated environmental regulations when evaluating resource options to meet supply needs of the utility’s customers. The NMPRC requires that New Mexico utilities factor a standardized cost of carbon emissions into their IRPs using prices ranging between $8 and $40 per metric ton of CO 2 emitted and escalating these costs by 2.5% per year. Under the NMPRC order, each utility must analyze these standardized prices as projected operating costs. Reflecting the evolving nature of this issue, the NMPRC order states that these prices may be changed in the future to account for additional information or changed circumstances. Although these prices may not reflect the costs that ultimately will be incurred, PNM is required to use these prices for purposes of its IRP. In its 2020 filing for Four Corners Abandonment, PNM analyzed resource portfolios under scenarios that assumed Four Corners would operate through 2031 and that PNM would exit Four Corners at the end of 2024. See Note 17.
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The ETA was signed into New Mexico state law and became effective in 2019. The ETA, among other things, requires that investor-owned utilities obtain specified percentages of their energy from renewable and carbon-free resources. The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. Under the ETA provisions, PNM will also be required to meet a generation emission standard of no more than 400 lbs. of CO 2 per MWh beginning in 2023 and not more than 200 lbs. per MWh beginning in 2032. PNM takes this requirement into account in its resource planning, and it is expected that the standards will be met with the approved resource retirements and replacements. The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fuel generating resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources by allowing investor-owned utilities to issue securitized bonds, or “energy transition bonds,” related to the retirement of coal-fired generating facilities to qualified investors. Proceeds provided by energy transition bonds must be used only for purposes related to providing utility service to customers and to pay energy transition costs (as defined by the ETA). These costs may include plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation costs, and other costs that have not yet been charged to customers or disallowed by the NMPRC or by a court order. Proceeds from energy transition bonds may also be used to fund severances for employees of the retired facility and related coal mine and to promote economic development, education and job training in areas impacted by the retirement of coal-fired facilities. Energy transition bonds must be issued under a NMPRC approved financing order, are secured by “energy transition property”, are non-recourse to the issuing utility, and are repaid by a non-bypassable charge paid by all customers of the issuing utility. See additional discussion of the ETA in Note 16.
The ETA has a significant impact on PNM’s future generation portfolio. In compliance with the ETA, on June 15, 2022, the NMED announced a new rulemaking, Carbon Dioxide Emission Standards for Electric Generating Facilities, to develop carbon emission standards for new and existing electric coal-fired generating facilities. An informal comment period for the draft proposal ran from June 15, 2022 through June 29, 2022. On July 1, 2022, NMED requested the Environmental Improvement Board to docket the matter and set a schedule for pre-filed technical testimony which was filed on September 14, 2022, pre-filed rebuttal testimony which was filed on October 12, 2022, and a public hearing that was held on October 26 and 27, 2022. On October 28, 2022, the rule was passed which adopts new carbon emission standards for new and existing coal-fired power plants.
In 2020, the hearing examiners assigned to the SJGS abandonment and financing proceedings issued recommended decisions recommending approval of PNM’s abandonment application and for the issuance of Securitized Bonds consistent with the requirements of the ETA. On April 1, 2020, the NMPRC approved the hearing examiners’ recommendation to approve PNM’s application to retire its share of SJGS in 2022 and for the issuance of Securitized Bonds. PNM has also requested approval of energy transition bonds for the Four Corners Abandonment costs of that transition away from coal-fired generation. On December 15, 2021, the NMPRC denied approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. PNM cannot predict the full impact of the ETA or the NM Supreme Court decision with respect to the abandonment of Four Corners. See additional discussion of PNM’s SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment Applications in Note 17.
International Accords
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCCC”) is an international environmental treaty that was negotiated at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (informally known as the Earth Summit) and entered into force in March 1994. The objective of the treaty is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” Parties to the UNFCCC, including the U.S., have been meeting annually in Conferences of the Parties (“COP”) to assess progress in meeting the objectives of the UNFCCC.
In 2015, the Paris Agreement was finalized during the 2015 COP. The aim of the Paris Agreement is to limit global temperature rise to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement, which was agreed to by approximately 200 parties, requires that countries submit INDCs. INDCs reflect national targets and actions that arise out of national policies and elements relating to oversight, guidance and coordination of actions to reduce emissions by all countries. In November 2014, then President Obama announced the United States’ commitment to reduce GHG, on an economy-wide basis, by 26%-28% from 2005 levels by the year 2025. The U.S. INDC was part of an overall effort by the former administration to have the U.S. achieve economy-wide reductions of around 80% by 2050. The former administration’s GHG reduction target for the electric utility industry was a key element of its INDC and was based on EPA’s GHG regulations for new, existing, and modified and reconstructed sources at that time. Thresholds for the number of countries necessary to ratify or accede to the Paris Agreement and total global GHG percentage were achieved on October 5, 2016 and the Paris Agreement entered into force on November 4, 2016. On June 1, 2017, President Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the Paris Agreement. As a result of the President’s notice to the United Nations, the U.S. officially withdrew from the Paris Agreement on November 4, 2020. On January 20, 2021, President Biden signed an instrument that will allow the United States to rejoin the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The instrument was deposited with the United Nations on January 21, 2021, and the United States officially became a party to the Agreement on February 19, 2021.
PNM has calculated GHG reductions that would result from scenarios that assume PNM’s retirement of its share of the SJGS in 2022 and exiting Four Corners by 2031 and PNM has set a goal to have a 100% emissions-free generating portfolio by 2040. While the Company has not conducted an independent 2 Degree Scenario analysis, our commitment to becoming 100%
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emissions-free by 2040 produces a carbon emissions reduction pathway that tracks within the ranges of climate scenario pathways that are consistent with limiting the global warming average to less than 2 degrees Celsius. In addition, as an investor-owned utility operating in the state of New Mexico, PNM is required to comply with the ETA, which requires utilities’ generating portfolio be 100% carbon-free by 2045. The requirements of the ETA and the Company’s goal compare favorably to the U.S. INDC of 50% to 52% carbon emissions reduction by 2030 and the Biden Administration’s goal of net-zero carbon emissions economy-wide by 2050. On April 1, 2020, the NMPRC approved PNM’s application to retire its share of SJGS in 2022. PNM filed for abandonment of Four Corners on January 8, 2021. See Note 17.
PNM will continue to monitor the United States’ participation in the Paris Agreement and other parties’ involvement in these types of international accords, but the potential impact that such accords may have on the Company cannot be determined at this time.
Assessment of Legislative/Regulatory Impacts
The Company has assessed, and continues to assess, the impacts of climate change legislation and regulation on its business. This assessment is ongoing and future changes arising out of the legislative or regulatory process could impact the assessment significantly. PNM’s assessment includes assumptions regarding specific GHG limits; the timing of implementation of these limits; the possibility of a market-based trading program, including the associated costs and the availability of emission credits or allowances; the development of emission reduction and/or renewable energy technologies; and provisions for cost containment. Moreover, the assessment assumes various market reactions such as the price of coal and gas and regional plant economics. These assumptions are, at best, preliminary and speculative. However, based upon these assumptions, the enactment of climate change legislation or regulation could, among other things, result in significant compliance costs, including large capital expenditures by PNM, and could jeopardize the Company’s reputation as well as the economic viability of certain generating facilities. See Notes 16 and 17. The ultimate consequences of increased stakeholder scrutiny related to climate change and environmental regulation could lead to increased costs to customers and affect results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition if the incurred costs are not fully recovered through regulated rates. Higher rates could also contribute to reduced usage of electricity. PNM’s assessment process is evolving and is too speculative at this time for a meaningful prediction of the long-term financial impact.
Transmission Issues
At any given time, FERC has various notices of inquiry and rulemaking dockets related to transmission issues pending. Such actions may lead to changes in FERC administrative rules or ratemaking policy but have no time frame in which action must be taken or a docket closed with no further action. Further, such notices and rulemaking dockets do not apply strictly to PNM but will have industry-wide effects in that they will apply to all FERC-regulated entities. PNM monitors and often submits comments taking a position in such notices and rulemaking dockets or may join in larger group responses. PNM often cannot determine the full impact of a proposed rule and policy change until the final determination is made by FERC and PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters.
Other Matters
See Notes 16 and 17 for a discussion of commitments and contingencies and rate and regulatory matters.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to apply accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that best provide the framework to report the results of operations and financial position for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. As a result, there exists the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. Management has identified the following accounting policies that it deems critical to the portrayal of the financial condition and results of operations and that involve significant subjectivity. The following discussion provides information on the processes utilized by management in making judgments and assumptions as they apply to its critical accounting policies.
Regulatory Accounting
The Company is subject to the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises and records assets and liabilities resulting from the effects of the ratemaking process, which would not be recorded under GAAP for non-regulated entities. Additional information concerning regulatory assets and liabilities is contained in Note 13.
The Company continually evaluates the probability that regulatory assets and liabilities will impact future rates and makes various assumptions in those analyses. The expectations of future rate impacts are generally based on orders issued by regulatory commissions or historical experience, as well as discussions with applicable regulatory authorities. If future recovery or refund ceases to be probable, the Company would be required to write-off the portion that is not recoverable or refundable in current period earnings.
The Company has made adjustments to regulatory assets and liabilities that affected its results of operations in the past due to changes in various factors and conditions impacting future cost recovery. Based on its current evaluation, the Company believes that future recovery of its regulatory assets is probable.
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Impairments
Tangible long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. These potential impairment indicators include management’s assessment of fluctuating market conditions as a result of planned and scheduled customer purchase commitments; future market penetration; changing environmental requirements; fluctuating market prices resulting from factors including changing fuel costs and other economic conditions; long-term weather patterns; and other market trends. The amount of impairment recognized, if any, is the difference between the fair value of the asset and the carrying value of the asset and would reduce both the asset and current period earnings. Variations in the assessment of potential impairment or in the assumptions used to calculate an impairment could result in different outcomes, which could lead to significant effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements. See Notes 16 and 17.
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing may be performed based on either a qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. Note 19 contains information on the impairment testing performed by the Company on goodwill. For 2023, the Company utilized a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. No impairments were indicated in the Company’s annual goodwill testing, which was performed as of April 1, 2023. Since the annual evaluation, there have been no indications that the fair values of the reporting units with recorded goodwill have decreased below the carrying values. The annual testing was based on certain critical estimates and assumptions. Changes in the estimates or the use of different assumptions could affect the determination of fair value and the conclusion of impairment for each reporting unit.
Application of the qualitative goodwill impairment test requires evaluating various events and circumstances to determine whether it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As a part of the Company’s goodwill qualitative testing process for a reporting unit, various factors that are specific to that reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors are evaluated in order to determine whether these factors are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the fair value of the reporting unit. Examples of the factors that were considered in the qualitative testing of the goodwill include the results of the most recent quantitative impairment test, current and long-term forecasted financial results, regulatory environment, credit rating, changes in the interest rate environment, and operating strategy for the reporting unit.
Based on the analysis performed for the PNM and TNMP reporting units in 2023, the Company concluded that there were no changes that were reasonably likely to cause the fair value of the reporting units to be less than their carrying value and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill. Although the Company believes all relevant factors were considered in the qualitative impairment analysis to reach the conclusion that goodwill is not impaired, significant changes in any one of the assumptions could produce a significantly different result potentially leading to the recording of an impairment that could have significant impacts on the results of operations and financial position of the Company.
Decommissioning and Reclamation Costs
PNM is only required to recognize and measure decommissioning liabilities for tangible long-lived assets for which a legal obligation exists. Accounting for decommissioning costs for nuclear and fossil-fuel generation involves significant estimates related to costs to be incurred many years in the future after plant closure. Decommissioning costs are based on site-specific estimates, which are updated periodically and involve numerous judgments and assumptions, including estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. Changes in these estimates could significantly impact PNMR’s and PNM’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Nuclear decommissioning costs are based on estimates of the costs for removing all radioactive and other structures at PVNGS. AROs, including nuclear decommissioning costs, are discussed in Note 15. Nuclear decommissioning costs represent approximately 72% of PNM’s ARO liability. A 10% increase in the estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels would have increased the ARO liability by $15.0 million at December 31, 2023. PNM recognizes an expense and a corresponding liability for ultimate decommissioning of PVNGS. See Note 17 for information concerning NMPRC’s order to address the recovery of decommissioning costs in a future proceeding.
In connection with both the SJGS coal agreement and the Four Corners fuel agreement, the owners and former owners are required to reimburse the mining companies for the cost of contemporaneous reclamation, as well as the costs for final reclamation of the coal mines. The reclamation costs are based on periodic site-specific studies that estimate the costs to be incurred in the future and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. A 10% increase in the estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels would have increased the mine reclamation liability by $14.5 million at December 31, 2023. PNM considers the contemporaneous reclamation costs part of the cost of its delivered coal costs. The NMPRC has capped the amount that can be collected from ratepayers for final reclamation of the surface mines. If future estimates increase the liability for surface mine reclamation, the excess would be expensed at that time. See Note 16 for discussion of reclamation costs.
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Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company maintains qualified defined benefit pension plans, postretirement benefit plans providing medical and dental benefits, and executive retirement programs. The net periodic benefit cost or income and the calculation of the projected benefit obligations are recognized in the Company’s financial statements and depend on expected investment performance, the level of contributions made to the plans, and employee demographics. These calculations require the use of a number of actuarial assumptions and estimates. The most critical of the actuarial assumptions are the expected long-term rate of return, the discount rate, and projected health care cost trend rates. The Company reviews and evaluates its actuarial assumptions annually and adjusts them as necessary. Changes in the pension and OPEB assets and liabilities associated with these factors are not immediately recognized as net periodic benefit cost or income in results of operations, but are recognized in future years, generally, over the remaining life of the plan. However, these factors could have a significant impact on the financial position of the Company. Note 11 contains additional information about pension and OPEB obligations, including assumptions utilized in the calculations and impacts of changes in certain of those assumptions.
Accounting for Contingencies
The financial results of the Company may be affected by judgments and estimates related to loss contingencies. Contingencies related to litigation and claims, as well as environmental and regulatory matters, also require the use of significant judgment and estimation. The Company attempts to take into account all known factors regarding the future outcome of contingent events and records an accrual for any contingent loss events that are both probable of occurring and can be reasonably estimated based upon current available information. However, the actual outcomes can vary from any amounts accrued which could have a material effect on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. See Note 16 and Note 17.
Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense and related balance sheet amounts involve significant judgment and use of estimates. Amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, current and noncurrent accruals, and determination of uncertain tax positions involve judgment and estimates related to timing and probability of the recognition of income and deductions by taxing authorities. In addition, some temporary differences are accorded flow-through treatment by the Company’s regulators and impact the Company’s effective tax rate. In assessing the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers the estimated amount and character of future taxable income. Significant changes in these judgments and estimates could have a material impact on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. Actual income taxes could vary from estimated amounts due to the future impacts of various items, including changes in income tax laws, the Company’s forecasted financial condition and results of operations in future periods, and the final review from taxing authorities. See Note 18.
MD&A FOR PNM
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
PNM operates in only one reportable segment, as presented above in Results of Operations for PNMR.
MD&A FOR TNMP
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
TNMP operates in only one reportable segment, as presented above in Results of Operations for PNMR.
ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company manages the scope of its various forms of market risk through a comprehensive set of policies and procedures with oversight by senior level management through the Risk Management Committee (“RMC”). The Board’s Finance Committee sets the risk limit parameters. The RMC has oversight over the risk control organization. The RMC is assigned responsibility for establishing and enforcing the policies, procedures, and limits and evaluating the risks inherent in proposed transactions on an enterprise-wide basis. The RMC’s responsibilities include:
• Establishing policies regarding risk exposure levels and activities in each of the business segments
• Approving the types of derivatives entered into for hedging
• Reviewing and approving hedging risk activities
• Establishing policies regarding counterparty exposure and limits
• Authorizing and delegating transaction limits
• Reviewing and approving controls and procedures for derivative activities
• Reviewing and approving models and assumptions used to calculate mark-to-market and market risk exposure
• Proposing risk limits to the Board’s Finance Committee for its approval
• Reporting to the Board’s Audit and Finance Committees on these activities
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To the extent an open position exists, fluctuating commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices, and economic conditions can impact financial results and financial position, either favorably or unfavorably. As a result, the Company cannot predict with certainty the impact that its risk management decisions may have on its businesses, operating results, or financial position.
Commodity Risk
Information concerning accounting for derivatives and the risks associated with commodity contracts is set forth in Note 9, including a summary of the fair values of mark-to-market energy related derivative contracts included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the Company had no commodity derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments.
Commodity contracts that meet the definition of a derivative, are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, the effects of mark-to-market commodity derivative instruments had no impact to PNM’s net earnings and $10.2 million of fair value gains and $7.8 million of fair value losses have been recorded as a regulatory asset. All of the fair values as of December 31, 2023 were determined based on prices provided by external sources other than actively quoted market prices. The net mark-to-market amounts will settle by the end of 2024.
PNM is exposed to changes in the market prices of electricity and natural gas for the positions in its wholesale portfolio not covered by the FPPAC. The Company manages risks associated with these market fluctuations by utilizing various commodity instruments that may qualify as derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, and swaps. PNM uses such instruments to hedge its exposure to changes in the market prices of electricity and natural gas. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC.
Credit Risk
The Company is exposed to credit risk from its retail and wholesale customers, as well as the counterparties to derivative instruments. The Company conducts counterparty risk analysis across business segments and uses a credit management process to assess the financial conditions of counterparties. The following table provides information related to credit exposure by the credit worthiness (credit rating) and concentration of credit risk for wholesale counterparties, all of which will mature in less than two years.
Schedule of Credit Risk Exposure
December 31, 2023

Rating (1) |  | Credit Risk Exposure (2) |  | Number of Counter-parties >10% |  | Net Exposure of Counter-parties >10%
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
External ratings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | $ | 3,486 |  |  | 2 |  |  | $ | 2,902 |
Non-investment grade |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Split ratings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Internal ratings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | 197 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-investment grade |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 3,683 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,902 |

(1)The rating “Investment Grade” is for counterparties, or a guarantor, with a minimum S&P rating of BBB- or Moody’s rating of Baa3. The category “Internal Ratings – Investment Grade” includes those counterparties that are internally rated as investment grade in accordance with the guidelines established in the Company’s credit policy.
(2)The Credit Risk Exposure is the gross credit exposure, including long-term contracts, forward sales, and short-term sales. The gross exposure captures the amounts from receivables/payables for realized transactions, delivered and unbilled revenues, and mark-to-market gains/losses. Gross exposures can be offset according to legally enforceable netting arrangements but are not reduced by posted credit collateral. At December 31, 2023, PNMR held $0.2 million of cash collateral to offset its credit exposure.
Net credit risk for the Company’s largest counterparty as of December 31, 2023 was $1.7 million.
Other investments have no significant counterparty credit risk.
Interest Rate Risk
The majority of the PNM’s and TNMP’s long-term debt is fixed-rate debt, which does not expose earnings to adverse changes in market interest rates. PNM and TNMP earnings are exposed to adverse changes in market interest rates when long-
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term debt must be refinanced, repriced or redeemed. PNMR’s debt and revolving credit facilities of PNM and TNMP are exposed to interest rate risk to the extent variable interest rates continue to rise. The Company periodically makes plans to reduce its variable interest rate exposures through various instruments including fixed rate debt and equity hedging arrangements like those executed by PNMR in 2022 and 2023, and otherwise expects that it will be able to extend or replace variable rate debt under similar terms and conditions prior to their expirations. Variable interest rates under the PNMR, PNM and TNMP revolving credit facilities are based on SOFR.
At February 16, 2024, variable rate debt balances and weighted average interest rates were as follows:

Variable Rate Debt |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Balance Outstanding |  | Capacity
|  |  |  | (In thousands)
Short-term Debt: |  |  |
PNMR Revolving Credit Facility |  | 6.92 | % |  | $ | 126,200 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | 6.67 |  |  | 121,300 |  |  | 400,000 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 6.69 |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | 40,000 |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 6.30 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
|  |  |  | $ | 377,500 |  |  | $ | 840,000 |
Long-term Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |
PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan |  | 6.38 | % |  | $ | 500,000 |  |  |
PNMR 2023 Term Loan |  | 6.78 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  |
|  |  |  | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  |

The investments held by PNM in trusts for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other post-employment benefits had an estimated fair value of $925.5 million at December 31, 2023, of which 39.4% were fixed-rate debt securities that subject PNM to risk of loss of fair value with increases in market interest rates. If interest rates were to increase by 50 basis points from their levels at December 31, 2023, the decrease in the fair value of the fixed-rate securities would be 1.5%, or $5.5 million. The securities held by TNMP in trusts for pension and other post-employment benefits had an estimated fair value of $49.5 million at December 31, 2023, of which 45.8% were fixed-rate debt securities that subject TNMP to risk of loss of fair value with movements in market interest rates. If interest rates were to increase by 50 basis points from their levels at December 31, 2023, the decrease in the fair value of the fixed-rate securities would be 5.2%, or $1.2 million.
PNM and TNMP do not directly recover or return through rates any losses or gains on the securities, including equity and alternative investments discussed below, in the trusts for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other post-employment benefits. However, the overall performance of these trusts does enter into the periodic determinations of expense and funding levels, which are factored into the rate making process to the extent applicable to regulated operations. PNM and TNMP are at risk for shortfalls in funding of obligations due to investment losses, including those from the equity market and alternatives investment risks discussed below, to the extent not ultimately recovered through rates charged to customers.
Equity Market Risk
The investments held by PNM in trusts for decommissioning and reclamation and trusts established for PNM’s and TNMP’s pension and post-employment benefits plans include certain equity securities at December 31, 2023. These equity securities expose PNM and TNMP to losses in fair value should the market values of the underlying securities decline. Equity securities comprised 39.2% and 40.8% of the securities held by the various PNM and TNMP trusts as of December 31, 2023. A hypothetical 10% decrease in equity prices would reduce the fair values of these funds by $36.3 million for PNM and $2.0 million for TNMP.
Alternatives Investment Risk
As of December 31, 2023, PNM and TNMP had 7.1% and 10.6% of its pension assets invested in the alternative asset class. Alternative investments include investments in hedge funds, real estate funds, and private equity funds. The hedge funds and private equity funds are limited partner structures that are structured as multi-manager multi-strategy fund of funds to achieve a diversified position in these asset classes. The general partner oversees the selection and monitoring of the underlying managers. The hedge funds pursue various absolute return strategies such as relative value, long-short equity, and event driven. Private equity fund strategies include mezzanine financing, buy-outs, and venture capital. The real estate investments are commingled real estate portfolios that invest in a diversified portfolio of assets including commercial property and multi-family housing. The Company’s Corporate Investment Committee, assisted by its investment consultants, monitors the performance of the funds and general partner’s investments process. There is risk associated with these funds due to the nature of the strategies and techniques and the use of investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. A hypothetical 10% decrease in equity prices would reduce the fair values of these funds by $6.5 million for PNM and $0.5 million for TNMP.
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ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

|  | Page
Management’s Annual Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting |  | 2
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 185) |  | 5
Financial Statements: |  |
PNM Resources, Inc. and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 11
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 12
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 13
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 15
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |  | 17
Public Service Company of New Mexico and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 18
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 19
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 20
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 22
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |  | 24
Texas-New Mexico Power Company and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 25
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 26
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 28
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholder’s Equity |  | 30
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 31
Supplementary Data: |  |
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company |  | 114
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts |  | 117

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of PNM Resources, Inc. and subsidiaries (“PNMR”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of PNMR’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that PNMR’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their audit report which is included herein.

/s/ Patricia K. Collawn
Patricia K. Collawn,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Public Service Company of New Mexico and subsidiaries (“PNM”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of PNM’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that PNM’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

/s/ Joseph D. Tarry
Joseph D. Tarry,
President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Texas-New Mexico Power Company and subsidiaries (“TNMP”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2023.

/s/ Joseph D. Tarry
Joseph D. Tarry,
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and Treasurer

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
PNM Resources, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of PNM Resources, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule I - Condensed Consolidated Information of Parent Company and Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
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company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, Public Utility Commission of Texas, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities in each of the relevant jurisdictions.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in each jurisdiction and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in the relevant jurisdiction by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the respective regulators. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the relevant regulatory commissions, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
February 29, 2024
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Public Service Company of New Mexico:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Public Service Company of New Mexico and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities in each of the relevant jurisdictions.
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The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in each jurisdiction and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in the relevant jurisdiction by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the respective regulators. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the relevant regulatory commissions, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
February 29, 2024
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholder and Board of Directors
Texas‑New Mexico Power Company:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Texas‑New Mexico Power Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the related consolidated statements of earnings, changes in common stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2023 and 2022, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2023, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the Public Utility Commission of Texas.
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We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the Public Utility Commission of Texas. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the Public Utility Commission of Texas, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
Albuquerque, New Mexico
February 29, 2024
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 1,939,198 |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |  |  | $ | 1,779,873 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 802,261 |  |  | 987,941 |  |  | 644,853 |
Administrative and general | 227,900 |  |  | 227,149 |  |  | 230,292 |
Energy production costs | 91,610 |  |  | 147,347 |  |  | 143,931 |
Regulatory disallowances and restructuring costs | 71,923 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 1,194 |
Depreciation and amortization | 319,503 |  |  | 304,853 |  |  | 284,107 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 98,721 |  |  | 94,684 |  |  | 81,335 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 95,940 |  |  | 92,989 |  |  | 86,008 |
Total operating expenses | 1,707,858 |  |  | 1,855,795 |  |  | 1,471,720 |
Operating income | 231,340 |  |  | 393,760 |  |  | 308,153 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 21,963 |  |  | 16,095 |  |  | 14,662 |
Gains (losses) on investment securities | 19,246 |  |  | (78,357) |  |  | 16,850 |
Other income | 24,204 |  |  | 21,601 |  |  | 20,200 |
Other (deductions) | (15,869) |  |  | (13,881) |  |  | (18,559) |
Net other income and (deductions) | 49,544 |  |  | (54,542) |  |  | 33,153 |
Interest Charges | 190,355 |  |  | 127,908 |  |  | 96,877 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 90,529 |  |  | 211,310 |  |  | 244,429 |
Income Taxes (Benefits) | (16,350) |  |  | 26,130 |  |  | 32,582 |
Net Earnings | 106,879 |  |  | 185,180 |  |  | 211,847 |
(Earnings) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |  |  | (15,490) |
Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements of Subsidiary | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Net Earnings Attributable to PNMR | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |  |  | $ | 195,829 |
Net Earnings Attributable to PNMR per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |  |  | $ | 2.28 |
Diluted | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |  |  | $ | 2.27 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Net Earnings | $ | 106,879 |  |  | $ | 185,180 |  |  | $ | 211,847 |
Other Comprehensive Income: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(2,928), $490, and $478 | 8,601 |  |  | (1,438) |  |  | (1,403) |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in net earnings, net of income tax expense of $1,828, $972, and $2,480 | (5,371) |  |  | (2,855) |  |  | (7,285) |
Pension Liability Adjustment: |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains (losses), net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(353), $1,159, and $(3,076) | 1,036 |  |  | (3,406) |  |  | 9,035 |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of experience losses recognized as net periodic benefit cost, net of income tax (benefit) of $(1,212), $(1,804), and $(2,120) | 3,564 |  |  | 5,300 |  |  | 6,228 |
Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair market value, net of income tax (expense) of $3,933, $(3,121), and $(458) | (11,550) |  |  | 9,164 |  |  | 1,346 |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net earnings, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $(2,359), $299, and $229 | 6,928 |  |  | (877) |  |  | (674) |
Total Other Comprehensive Income | 3,208 |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | 7,247 |
Comprehensive Income | 110,087 |  |  | 191,068 |  |  | 219,094 |
Comprehensive (Income) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |  |  | (15,490) |
Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements of Subsidiary | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to PNMR | $ | 91,026 |  |  | $ | 175,418 |  |  | $ | 203,076 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 106,879 |  |  | $ | 185,180 |  |  | $ | 211,847 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 353,692 |  |  | 341,123 |  |  | 320,210 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (13,509) |  |  | 24,533 |  |  | 30,747 |
(Gains) losses on investment securities | (19,246) |  |  | 78,357 |  |  | (16,850) |
Stock based compensation expense | 7,190 |  |  | 7,825 |  |  | 9,446 |
Regulatory disallowances and restructuring costs | 71,923 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 1,194 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (14,978) |  |  | (13,799) |  |  | (13,217) |
Other, net | 804 |  |  | 2,377 |  |  | 5,457 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | 53,229 |  |  | (73,099) |  |  | (25,924) |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | (31,301) |  |  | (8,528) |  |  | 1,356 |
Other current assets | (52,225) |  |  | 17,159 |  |  | 1,838 |
Other assets | (25,820) |  |  | 5,002 |  |  | 31,135 |
Accounts payable | (33,536) |  |  | 47,568 |  |  | 10,640 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 17,526 |  |  | 9,205 |  |  | 2,692 |
Other current liabilities | 125,580 |  |  | (28,516) |  |  | 6,894 |
Other liabilities | 4,963 |  |  | (27,935) |  |  | (29,592) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 551,171 |  |  | 567,284 |  |  | 547,873 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Additions to utility and non-utility plant | (1,075,812) |  |  | (912,557) |  |  | (935,016) |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | 32,654 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 574,199 |  |  | 526,448 |  |  | 459,867 |
Purchases of investment securities | (593,241) |  |  | (564,912) |  |  | (477,672) |
Investments in NMRD | (26,250) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Distributions from NMRD | — |  |  | — |  |  | 572 |
Other, net | 44 |  |  | 674 |  |  | (9) |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (1,088,406) |  |  | (950,347) |  |  | (952,258) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings (repayments), net | $ | 29,900 |  |  | $ | 169,300 |  |  | $ | 30,700 |
Long-term borrowings | 1,358,096 |  |  | 558,000 |  |  | 1,816,345 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (910,000) |  |  | (179,500) |  |  | (1,411,345) |
Issuance of common stock | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Awards of common stock | (9,646) |  |  | (7,980) |  |  | (10,130) |
Dividends paid | (126,705) |  |  | (119,839) |  |  | (112,972) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | (21,569) |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (19,094) |
Transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | 49,807 |  |  | 96,550 |  |  | 80,558 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection arrangements | (21,124) |  |  | (107,397) |  |  | (10,195) |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (9,836) |  |  | (5,564) |  |  | (6,306) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 537,100 |  |  | 386,037 |  |  | 357,561 |
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | (135) |  |  | 2,974 |  |  | (46,824) |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Year | 4,078 |  |  | 1,104 |  |  | 47,928 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Year | $ | 3,943 |  |  | $ | 4,078 |  |  | $ | 1,104 |
Restricted Cash Included in Other Deferred Charges on Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |
At beginning of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At end of period | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 155,273 |  |  | $ | 118,485 |  |  | $ | 91,276 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | (1,011) |  |  | $ | 1,042 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | (23,002) |  |  | $ | 4,455 |  |  | $ | 7,362 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,215 |  |  | $ | 4,078 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,388 and $4,925 | 126,291 |  |  | 183,669 |
Unbilled revenues | 64,072 |  |  | 63,473 |
Other receivables | 76,509 |  |  | 20,320 |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | 98,034 |  |  | 66,733 |
Regulatory assets | 73,046 |  |  | 20,265 |
Prepaid assets | 19,759 |  |  | 18,465 |
Income taxes receivable | 6,697 |  |  | 2,351 |
Other current assets | 8,920 |  |  | 31,624 |
Total current assets | 475,543 |  |  | 410,978 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Investment securities | 444,408 |  |  | 417,476 |
Equity investment in NMRD | 119,570 |  |  | 90,620 |
Other investments | 171 |  |  | 177 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 29,367 |  |  | 26,841 |
Total other property and investments | 593,516 |  |  | 535,114 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service, held for future use, and to be abandoned | 9,701,180 |  |  | 9,164,564 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,755,823 |  |  | 2,659,952 |
| 6,945,357 |  |  | 6,504,612 |
Construction work in progress | 589,834 |  |  | 372,988 |
Nuclear fuel, net of accumulated amortization of $35,840 and $43,985 | 74,671 |  |  | 95,223 |
Net utility plant | 7,609,862 |  |  | 6,972,823 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 914,381 |  |  | 846,686 |
Goodwill | 278,297 |  |  | 278,297 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 182,201 |  |  | 55,982 |
Other deferred charges | 198,805 |  |  | 157,497 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 1,573,684 |  |  | 1,338,462 |
| $ | 10,252,605 |  |  | $ | 9,257,377 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 261,900 |  |  | $ | 232,000 |
Current installments of long-term debt (includes $2,529 and $0 related to ETBC I) | 280,169 |  |  | 184,793 |
Accounts payable | 205,175 |  |  | 215,708 |
Customer deposits | 6,237 |  |  | 6,117 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 98,655 |  |  | 76,783 |
Regulatory liabilities | 140,005 |  |  | 17,002 |
Operating lease liabilities | 12,267 |  |  | 18,781 |
Dividends declared | 35,085 |  |  | 31,676 |
Transmission interconnection arrangement liabilities | 96,870 |  |  | 20,473 |
Other current liabilities | 94,397 |  |  | 87,037 |
Total current liabilities | 1,230,760 |  |  | 890,370 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs (includes $338,521 and $0 related to ETBC I) | 4,241,642 |  |  | 3,892,594 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 845,280 |  |  | 822,831 |
Regulatory liabilities | 771,317 |  |  | 755,202 |
Asset retirement obligations | 245,531 |  |  | 223,377 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 21,429 |  |  | 32,799 |
Operating lease liabilities | 167,000 |  |  | 41,336 |
Other deferred credits | 319,066 |  |  | 342,413 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 2,369,623 |  |  | 2,217,958 |
Total liabilities | 7,842,025 |  |  | 7,000,922 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Cumulative Preferred Stock of Subsidiary |  |  |
without mandatory redemption requirements ($100 stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 115,293 shares) | 11,529 |  |  | 11,529 |
Equity: |  |  |
PNMR common stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock (no par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 90,200,384 and 85,834,874 shares) | 1,624,823 |  |  | 1,429,102 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (62,840) |  |  | (66,048) |
Retained earnings | 787,110 |  |  | 828,878 |
Total PNMR common stockholders’ equity | 2,349,093 |  |  | 2,191,932 |
Non-controlling interest in Valencia | 49,958 |  |  | 52,994 |
Total equity | 2,399,051 |  |  | 2,244,926 |
| $ | 10,252,605 |  |  | $ | 9,257,377 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

|  | Attributable to PNMR |  | Non- controlling Interest in Valencia |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total PNMR Common Stockholder’s Equity |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  |  |  | Total Equity
|  | (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020 |  | $ | 1,429,941 |  |  | $ | (79,183) |  |  | $ | 698,707 |  |  | $ | 2,049,465 |  |  | $ | 59,009 |  |  | $ | 2,108,474 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 196,357 |  |  | 196,357 |  |  | 15,490 |  |  | 211,847 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | 7,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,247 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,247 |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (84,333) |  |  | (84,333) |  |  | — |  |  | (84,333) |
Proceeds from stock option exercise |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Awards of common stock |  | (10,130) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (10,130) |  |  | — |  |  | (10,130) |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 9,446 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,446 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,446 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,094) |  |  | (19,094) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | 1,429,257 |  |  | (71,936) |  |  | 810,203 |  |  | 2,167,524 |  |  | 55,405 |  |  | 2,222,929 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170,058 |  |  | 170,058 |  |  | 15,122 |  |  | 185,180 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (150,855) |  |  | (150,855) |  |  | — |  |  | (150,855) |
Awards of common stock |  | (7,980) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,980) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,980) |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 7,825 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,825 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,825 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (17,533) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 1,429,102 |  |  | (66,048) |  |  | 828,878 |  |  | 2,191,932 |  |  | 52,994 |  |  | 2,244,926 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,346 |  |  | 88,346 |  |  | 18,533 |  |  | 106,879 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (129,586) |  |  | (129,586) |  |  | — |  |  | (129,586) |
Awards of common stock |  | (9,646) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,646) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,646) |
Issuance of common stock |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 198,177 |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 7,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,190 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (21,569) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | $ | 1,624,823 |  |  | $ | (62,840) |  |  | $ | 787,110 |  |  | $ | 2,349,093 |  |  | $ | 49,958 |  |  | $ | 2,399,051 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNMR, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 1,766,825 |  |  | $ | 1,362,020 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 663,614 |  |  | 864,013 |  |  | 531,786 |
Administrative and general | 206,650 |  |  | 204,846 |  |  | 196,719 |
Energy production costs | 91,610 |  |  | 147,347 |  |  | 143,931 |
Regulatory disallowances and restructuring costs | 70,750 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 1,194 |
Depreciation and amortization | 177,633 |  |  | 180,812 |  |  | 170,365 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61,725 |  |  | 58,278 |  |  | 49,846 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 48,790 |  |  | 49,210 |  |  | 46,682 |
Total operating expenses | 1,320,772 |  |  | 1,505,338 |  |  | 1,140,523 |
Operating income | 83,176 |  |  | 261,487 |  |  | 221,497 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 21,355 |  |  | 14,816 |  |  | 14,605 |
Gains (losses) on investment securities | 19,246 |  |  | (78,357) |  |  | 16,850 |
Other income | 11,638 |  |  | 10,763 |  |  | 11,390 |
Other (deductions) | (10,881) |  |  | (9,418) |  |  | (14,431) |
Net other income and (deductions) | 41,358 |  |  | (62,196) |  |  | 28,414 |
Interest Charges | 86,574 |  |  | 61,073 |  |  | 51,360 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 37,960 |  |  | 138,218 |  |  | 198,551 |
Income Taxes (Benefits) | (16,758) |  |  | 19,198 |  |  | 26,992 |
Net Earnings | 54,718 |  |  | 119,020 |  |  | 171,559 |
(Earnings) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |  |  | (15,490) |
Net Earnings Attributable to PNM | 36,185 |  |  | 103,898 |  |  | 156,069 |
Preferred Stock Dividends Requirements | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Net Earnings Available for PNM Common Stock | $ | 35,657 |  |  | $ | 103,370 |  |  | $ | 155,541 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Net Earnings | $ | 54,718 |  |  | $ | 119,020 |  |  | $ | 171,559 |
Other Comprehensive Income (Loss): |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(2,928), $490, and $478 | 8,601 |  |  | (1,438) |  |  | (1,403) |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in net earnings, net of income tax expense of $1,828, $972, and $2,480 | (5,371) |  |  | (2,855) |  |  | (7,285) |
Pension Liability Adjustment: |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains (losses), net of income tax (expense) benefit of $(353), $1,159, and $(3,076) | 1,036 |  |  | (3,406) |  |  | 9,035 |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of experience losses recognized as net periodic benefit cost, net of income tax (benefit) of $(1,212), $(1,804), and $(2,120) | 3,564 |  |  | 5,300 |  |  | 6,228 |
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | 7,830 |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | 6,575 |
Comprehensive Income | 62,548 |  |  | 116,621 |  |  | 178,134 |
Comprehensive (Income) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |  |  | (15,490) |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to PNM | $ | 44,015 |  |  | $ | 101,499 |  |  | $ | 162,644 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 54,718 |  |  | $ | 119,020 |  |  | $ | 171,559 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 202,885 |  |  | 213,517 |  |  | 203,401 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | (21,972) |  |  | 29,487 |  |  | 27,120 |
(Gains) losses on investment securities | (19,246) |  |  | 78,357 |  |  | (16,850) |
Regulatory disallowances and restructuring costs | 70,750 |  |  | 832 |  |  | 1,194 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (9,832) |  |  | (9,323) |  |  | (9,905) |
Other, net | 3,485 |  |  | 3,758 |  |  | 4,482 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | 51,314 |  |  | (60,743) |  |  | (24,757) |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | (25,681) |  |  | (4,804) |  |  | 2,531 |
Other current assets | (54,934) |  |  | 17,956 |  |  | 2,154 |
Other assets | (20,956) |  |  | 5,487 |  |  | 30,187 |
Accounts payable | (30,423) |  |  | 48,868 |  |  | 9,836 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 16,091 |  |  | (19,574) |  |  | 20,214 |
Other current liabilities | 123,048 |  |  | (41,876) |  |  | 9,169 |
Other liabilities | 4,588 |  |  | (26,029) |  |  | (37,884) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 343,835 |  |  | 354,933 |  |  | 392,451 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant additions | (565,080) |  |  | (433,459) |  |  | (602,180) |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | 32,654 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 574,199 |  |  | 526,448 |  |  | 459,867 |
Purchases of investment securities | (593,241) |  |  | (564,912) |  |  | (477,672) |
Other, net | 7 |  |  | 439 |  |  | (9) |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (551,461) |  |  | (471,484) |  |  | (619,994) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings (repayments), net | $ | (48,400) |  |  | $ | 178,500 |  |  | $ | (2,600) |
Long-term borrowings | 673,096 |  |  | 298,000 |  |  | 631,345 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (410,000) |  |  | (179,500) |  |  | (446,345) |
Equity contribution from parent | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53,000 |
Dividends paid | (528) |  |  | (154,028) |  |  | (60,528) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | (21,569) |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (19,094) |
Transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | 38,807 |  |  | 90,150 |  |  | 47,858 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection arrangements | (17,624) |  |  | (93,247) |  |  | (2,893) |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (6,555) |  |  | (2,825) |  |  | (4,627) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 207,227 |  |  | 119,517 |  |  | 196,116 |
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | (399) |  |  | 2,966 |  |  | (31,427) |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Year | 2,985 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 31,446 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Year | $ | 2,586 |  |  | $ | 2,985 |  |  | $ | 19 |
Restricted Cash Included in Other Deferred Charges on Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |
At beginning of period | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At end of period | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 66,456 |  |  | $ | 54,816 |  |  | $ | 45,729 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | (5,338) |  |  | $ | 11,602 |  |  | $ | (19,492) |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | (8,604) |  |  | $ | (6,859) |  |  | $ | 23,091 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 858 |  |  | $ | 2,985 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $3,388 and $4,925 | 94,879 |  |  | 151,386 |
Unbilled revenues | 46,925 |  |  | 45,282 |
Other receivables | 51,975 |  |  | 13,877 |
Affiliate receivables | 9,253 |  |  | 8,868 |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | 81,572 |  |  | 55,890 |
Regulatory assets | 72,996 |  |  | 18,333 |
Prepaid assets | 9,941 |  |  | 10,085 |
Income taxes receivable | 7,682 |  |  | 18,233 |
Other current assets | 1,756 |  |  | 20,706 |
Total current assets | 377,837 |  |  | 345,645 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Investment securities | 444,408 |  |  | 417,476 |
Other investments | 69 |  |  | 76 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 13,538 |  |  | 11,695 |
Total other property and investments | 458,015 |  |  | 429,247 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service, held for future use, and to be abandoned | 6,151,510 |  |  | 6,007,464 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 1,976,657 |  |  | 1,908,644 |
| 4,174,853 |  |  | 4,098,820 |
Construction work in progress | 490,178 |  |  | 300,772 |
Nuclear fuel, net of accumulated amortization of $35,840 and $43,985 | 74,671 |  |  | 95,223 |
Net utility plant | 4,739,702 |  |  | 4,494,815 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 838,727 |  |  | 763,941 |
Goodwill | 51,632 |  |  | 51,632 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 180,370 |  |  | 52,556 |
Other deferred charges | 166,782 |  |  | 134,330 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 1,237,511 |  |  | 1,002,459 |
| $ | 6,813,065 |  |  | $ | 6,272,166 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 137,500 |  |  | $ | 185,900 |
Current installments of long-term debt (includes $2,529 and $0 related to ETBC I) | 200,222 |  |  | 184,793 |
Accounts payable | 141,704 |  |  | 163,522 |
Affiliate payables | 16,388 |  |  | 14,919 |
Customer deposits | 6,237 |  |  | 6,117 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 41,337 |  |  | 35,797 |
Regulatory liabilities | 134,846 |  |  | 7,913 |
Operating lease liabilities | 11,371 |  |  | 17,239 |
Dividends declared | 132 |  |  | 132 |
Transmission interconnection arrangement liabilities | 96,870 |  |  | 20,473 |
Other current liabilities | 52,587 |  |  | 55,350 |
Total current liabilities | 839,194 |  |  | 692,155 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs (includes $338,521 and $0 related to ETBC I) | 2,061,558 |  |  | 1,816,107 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 684,037 |  |  | 682,040 |
Regulatory liabilities | 565,021 |  |  | 556,989 |
Asset retirement obligations | 244,633 |  |  | 222,549 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 19,949 |  |  | 32,007 |
Operating lease liabilities | 166,191 |  |  | 39,633 |
Other deferred credits | 220,178 |  |  | 258,833 |
Total deferred credits and liabilities | 1,900,009 |  |  | 1,792,051 |
Total liabilities | 4,800,761 |  |  | 4,300,313 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Cumulative Preferred Stock |  |  |
without mandatory redemption requirements ($100 stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 115,293 shares) | 11,529 |  |  | 11,529 |
Equity: |  |  |
PNM common stockholder’s equity: |  |  |
Common stock (no par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 39,117,799 shares) | 1,547,918 |  |  | 1,547,918 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (66,505) |  |  | (74,335) |
Retained earnings | 469,404 |  |  | 433,747 |
Total PNM common stockholder’s equity | 1,950,817 |  |  | 1,907,330 |
Non-controlling interest in Valencia | 49,958 |  |  | 52,994 |
Total equity | 2,000,775 |  |  | 1,960,324 |
| $ | 6,813,065 |  |  | $ | 6,272,166 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

| Attributable to PNM |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total PNM Common Stockholder’s Equity |  | Non- controlling Interest in Valencia |  | Total Equity
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 1,494,918 |  |  | $ | (78,511) |  |  | $ | 388,336 |  |  | $ | 1,804,743 |  |  | $ | 59,009 |  |  | $ | 1,863,752 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 156,069 |  |  | 156,069 |  |  | 15,490 |  |  | 171,559 |
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 6,575 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,575 |  |  | — |  |  | 6,575 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Equity contribution from parent | 53,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 53,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,000 |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (60,000) |  |  | (60,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (60,000) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,094) |  |  | (19,094) |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 1,547,918 |  |  | (71,936) |  |  | 483,877 |  |  | 1,959,859 |  |  | 55,405 |  |  | 2,015,264 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,898 |  |  | 103,898 |  |  | 15,122 |  |  | 119,020 |
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,399) |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (153,500) |  |  | (153,500) |  |  | — |  |  | (153,500) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (17,533) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 1,547,918 |  |  | (74,335) |  |  | 433,747 |  |  | 1,907,330 |  |  | 52,994 |  |  | 1,960,324 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,185 |  |  | 36,185 |  |  | 18,533 |  |  | 54,718 |
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 7,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,830 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (21,569) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 1,547,918 |  |  | $ | (66,505) |  |  | $ | 469,404 |  |  | $ | 1,950,817 |  |  | $ | 49,958 |  |  | $ | 2,000,775 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |  |  | $ | 417,853 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 138,647 |  |  | 123,928 |  |  | 113,067 |
Administrative and general | 53,963 |  |  | 49,592 |  |  | 47,820 |
Regulatory disallowances | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization | 113,142 |  |  | 98,316 |  |  | 90,440 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 36,996 |  |  | 36,406 |  |  | 31,489 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 41,311 |  |  | 38,521 |  |  | 34,919 |
Total operating expenses | 385,232 |  |  | 346,763 |  |  | 317,735 |
Operating income | 150,018 |  |  | 135,967 |  |  | 100,118 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 10,127 |  |  | 10,641 |  |  | 7,176 |
Other (deductions) | (1,759) |  |  | (1,988) |  |  | (1,768) |
Net other income | 8,368 |  |  | 8,653 |  |  | 5,408 |
Interest Charges | 46,152 |  |  | 37,192 |  |  | 33,735 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 112,234 |  |  | 107,428 |  |  | 71,791 |
Income Taxes | 17,297 |  |  | 15,161 |  |  | 7,912 |
Net Earnings | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |  |  | $ | 63,879 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |  |  | $ | 63,879 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 113,854 |  |  | 99,165 |  |  | 91,331 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | 2,888 |  |  | (4,556) |  |  | (253) |
Regulatory disallowances | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction and other, net | (5,145) |  |  | (4,477) |  |  | (3,291) |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | 1,916 |  |  | (12,356) |  |  | (1,167) |
Materials and supplies | (5,620) |  |  | (3,723) |  |  | (1,175) |
Other current assets | 3,650 |  |  | (264) |  |  | (6,132) |
Other assets | 3,109 |  |  | 3,834 |  |  | 6,989 |
Accounts payable | 171 |  |  | 195 |  |  | 338 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 2,886 |  |  | 14,667 |  |  | (1,533) |
Other current liabilities | (156) |  |  | 11,952 |  |  | 620 |
Other liabilities | 949 |  |  | (1,757) |  |  | 5,545 |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 214,612 |  |  | 194,947 |  |  | 155,151 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant additions | (464,436) |  |  | (449,534) |  |  | (311,909) |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (464,436) |  |  | (449,534) |  |  | (311,909) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flow From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings (repayments), net | $ | 18,400 |  |  | $ | 36,300 |  |  | $ | 400 |
Long-term borrowings | 185,000 |  |  | 160,000 |  |  | 65,000 |
Transmission interconnection arrangements | 11,000 |  |  | 6,400 |  |  | 32,700 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection arrangements | (3,500) |  |  | (14,150) |  |  | (7,302) |
Equity contribution from parent | 40,900 |  |  | 68,000 |  |  | 52,000 |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (1,976) |  |  | (1,963) |  |  | (840) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 249,824 |  |  | 254,587 |  |  | 141,958 |
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | — |  |  | — |  |  | (14,800) |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | — |  |  | — |  |  | 14,800 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 41,847 |  |  | $ | 33,974 |  |  | $ | 31,599 |
Income taxes paid, net | $ | 16,904 |  |  | $ | 9,245 |  |  | $ | 13,735 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | (17,297) |  |  | $ | (9,131) |  |  | $ | (9,131) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable | 31,412 |  |  | 32,283 |
Unbilled revenues | 17,147 |  |  | 18,191 |
Other receivables | 26,983 |  |  | 8,552 |
Materials and supplies | 16,462 |  |  | 10,843 |
Regulatory assets | 50 |  |  | 1,932 |
Other current assets | 2,705 |  |  | 2,346 |
Total current assets | 94,759 |  |  | 74,147 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Other investments | 102 |  |  | 101 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 14,746 |  |  | 14,010 |
Total other property and investments | 14,848 |  |  | 14,111 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service and plant held for future use | 3,210,870 |  |  | 2,853,130 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 582,140 |  |  | 578,157 |
| 2,628,730 |  |  | 2,274,973 |
Construction work in progress | 91,274 |  |  | 63,820 |
Net utility plant | 2,720,004 |  |  | 2,338,793 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 75,654 |  |  | 82,745 |
Goodwill | 226,665 |  |  | 226,665 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 1,814 |  |  | 3,426 |
Other deferred charges | 11,287 |  |  | 6,714 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 315,420 |  |  | 319,550 |
| $ | 3,145,031 |  |  | $ | 2,746,601 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 55,100 |  |  | $ | 36,700 |
Current installments of long-term debt | 79,947 |  |  | — |
Accounts payable | 51,620 |  |  | 34,152 |
Affiliate payables | 6,932 |  |  | 6,273 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 57,558 |  |  | 54,672 |
Regulatory liabilities | 5,159 |  |  | 9,089 |
Operating lease liabilities | 895 |  |  | 1,543 |
Other current liabilities | 12,084 |  |  | 6,336 |
Total current liabilities | 269,295 |  |  | 148,765 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs | 1,180,933 |  |  | 1,076,875 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 178,748 |  |  | 164,637 |
Regulatory liabilities | 206,296 |  |  | 198,213 |
Asset retirement obligations | 898 |  |  | 828 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 1,480 |  |  | 792 |
Operating lease liabilities | 809 |  |  | 1,703 |
Other deferred credits | 68,911 |  |  | 52,964 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 457,142 |  |  | 419,137 |
Total liabilities | 1,907,370 |  |  | 1,644,777 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Common Stockholder’s Equity: |  |  |
Common stock ($10 par value; 12,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 6,358 shares) | 64 |  |  | 64 |
Paid-in-capital | 846,066 |  |  | 805,166 |
Retained earnings | 391,531 |  |  | 296,594 |
Total common stockholder’s equity | 1,237,661 |  |  | 1,101,824 |
| $ | 3,145,031 |  |  | $ | 2,746,601 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

| Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  |  |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Common Stockholder’s Equity
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 685,166 |  |  |  |  | $ | 140,448 |  |  | $ | 825,678 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 63,879 |  |  | 63,879 |
Equity contribution from parent | — |  |  | 52,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 52,000 |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 64 |  |  | 737,166 |  |  |  |  | 204,327 |  |  | 941,557 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 92,267 |  |  | 92,267 |
Equity contributions from parent | — |  |  | 68,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 68,000 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 64 |  |  | 805,166 |  |  |  |  | 296,594 |  |  | 1,101,824 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 94,937 |  |  | 94,937 |
Equity contributions from parent | — |  |  | 40,900 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 40,900 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 846,066 |  |  |  |  | $ | 391,531 |  |  | $ | 1,237,661 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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Table of Contents
PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(1)Summary of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
PNMR is an investor-owned holding company with two regulated utilities providing electricity and electric services in New Mexico and Texas. PNMR’s primary subsidiaries are PNM and TNMP. PNM is a public utility with regulated operations primarily engaged in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. In 2023, ETBC I, a special purpose entity that is wholly-owned by PNM, was formed for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities. See Note 7. TNMP is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TNP, which is a holding company that is wholly-owned by PNMR. TNMP provides regulated transmission and distribution services in Texas. PNMR’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol PNM.
Merger Termination
On October 20, 2020, PNMR, Avangrid, and Merger Sub, entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Merger Sub would have merged with and into PNMR, with PNMR surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid. The Merger Agreement provided that it may be terminated by each of PNMR and Avangrid under certain circumstances, including if the Effective Time shall not have occurred by the End Date, which had been extended to December 31, 2023, if all conditions to closing have been satisfied other than the obtaining of all required regulatory approvals. On December 31, 2023, Avangrid informed PNMR that it was terminating the Merger Agreement effective as of December 31, 2023.
Financial Statement Preparation and Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could ultimately differ from those estimated.
The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements include disclosures for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. This report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. Discussions regarding only PNMR, PNM, or TNMP are so indicated.
GAAP defines subsequent events as events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Based on their nature, magnitude, and timing, certain subsequent events may be required to be reflected at the balance sheet date and/or required to be disclosed in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated subsequent events accordingly.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements of each of PNMR, PNM, and TNMP include their accounts and those of subsidiaries in which that entity owns a majority voting interest. PNM also consolidates Valencia (Note 10). PNM owns undivided interests in jointly-owned power plants and records its pro-rata share of the assets, liabilities, and expenses for those plants. The agreements for the jointly-owned plants provide that if an owner were to default on its payment obligations, the non-defaulting owners would be responsible for their proportionate share of the obligations of the defaulting owner. In exchange, the non-defaulting owners would be entitled to their proportionate share of the generating capacity of the defaulting owner. There have been no such payment defaults under any of the agreements for the jointly-owned plants.
PNMR Services Company expenses, which represent costs that are primarily driven by corporate level activities, are charged to the business segments. These services are billed at cost and are reflected as general and administrative expenses in the business segments. Other significant intercompany transactions between PNMR, PNM, and TNMP include intercompany loans, interest and income tax sharing payments, as well as equity transactions, and interconnection billings. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. See Note 20.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
The Company maintains its accounting records in accordance with the uniform system of accounts prescribed by FERC and adopted by the NMPRC and PUCT.
Certain of the Company’s operations are regulated by the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC and the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises are applied to the regulated operations. Regulators may assign costs to accounting periods that differ from accounting methods applied by non-regulated utilities. When it is probable that regulators will permit recovery of costs through future rates, costs are deferred as regulatory assets that otherwise would be expensed. Likewise, regulatory liabilities are recognized when it is probable that regulators will require refunds through future rates or when revenue is collected for expenditures that have not yet been incurred. GAAP also provides for the recognition of revenue and regulatory assets and liabilities associated with “alternative revenue programs” authorized by regulators. Such programs allow the utility to adjust future rates in response to past activities or completed events, if certain criteria are met. Regulatory assets and liabilities are amortized into earnings over the authorized recovery period. Accordingly, the Company has deferred certain costs and recorded certain liabilities pursuant to the rate actions of the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC. Information on regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities is contained in Note 13.
In some circumstances, regulators allow a requested increase in rates to be implemented, subject to refund, before the regulatory process has been completed and a decision rendered by the regulator. When this occurs, the Company assesses the possible outcomes of the rate proceeding. The Company records a provision for refund to the extent the amounts being collected, subject to refund, exceed the amount the Company determines is probable of ultimately being allowed by the regulator.
Cash and Restricted Cash
Investments in highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered cash and cash equivalents. Cash deposits received and held for a period of time that are restricted to a specific purpose, under the terms of their effective agreements, are considered restricted cash. PNM and PNMR have restricted cash balances related to Securitized Bonds issued by ETBC I. Restricted cash amounts are included in Other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2023. See Note 10. At December 31, 2023 there was no restricted cash for TNMP. At December 31, 2022 and 2021 there was no restricted cash for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP.
Utility Plant
Utility plant is stated at original cost and includes capitalized payroll-related costs such as taxes, pension, other fringe benefits, administrative costs, and AFUDC, where authorized by rate regulation, or capitalized interest.
Repairs, including major maintenance activities, and minor replacements of property are expensed when incurred, except as required by regulators for ratemaking purposes. Major replacements are charged to utility plant. Gains, losses, and costs to remove resulting from retirements or other dispositions of regulated property in the normal course of business are credited or charged to accumulated depreciation.
PNM and TNMP may receive reimbursements, referred to as CIAC, from customers to pay for all or part of certain construction projects to the extent the project does not benefit regulated customers in general. PNM and TNMP account for these reimbursements as offsets to utility plant additions based on the requirements of the NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT. Due to the PUCT’s regulatory treatment of CIAC reimbursements, TNMP also receives a financing component that is recognized as other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Under the NMPRC regulatory treatment, PNM typically does not receive a financing component.
Depreciation and Amortization
PNM’s provision for depreciation and amortization of utility plant, other than nuclear fuel, is based upon straight-line rates approved by the NMPRC and FERC. Amortization of nuclear fuel is based on units-of-production. TNMP’s provision for depreciation and amortization of utility plant is based upon straight-line rates approved by the PUCT. Depreciation and amortization of non-utility property, including right-of-use assets for finance leases as discussed in Note 8, is computed based on the straight-line method. The provision for depreciation of certain equipment is allocated between operating expenses and construction projects based on the use of the equipment.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Average straight-line rates used were as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Electric plant | 2.67 | % |  | 2.55 | % |  | 2.48 | %
Common, intangible, and general plant | 7.64 |  |  | 7.83 |  |  | 7.91 |
TNMP | 3.77 |  |  | 3.72 |  |  | 3.88 |

Depreciation on electric, common, intangible, and general plant is as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
PNM | $ | 158,956 |  |  | $ | 163,162 |  |  | $ | 153,165 |
TNMP | 110,675 |  |  | 96,131 |  |  | 87,900 |

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
As provided by the FERC uniform systems of accounts, AFUDC is charged to regulated utility plant for construction projects. This allowance is designed to enable a utility to capitalize financing costs during periods of construction of property subject to rate regulation. It represents the cost of borrowed funds (allowance for borrowed funds used during construction or “debt AFUDC”) and a return on other funds (allowance for equity funds used during construction or “equity AFUDC”). The debt AFUDC is recorded in interest charges and the equity AFUDC is recorded in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, PNM recorded $9.5 million, $3.7 million, and $3.4 million of debt AFUDC at annual rates of 2.99%, 1.70%, and 1.70% and $9.8 million, $9.3 million, and $9.9 million of equity AFUDC at annual rates of 3.24%, 4.26%, and 4.94%. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, TNMP recorded $5.7 million, $3.4 million, and $1.6 million of debt AFUDC at rates of 3.49%, 2.25%, and 1.80% and $5.1 million, $4.5 million, and $3.3 million of equity AFUDC at rates of 3.17%, 2.99%, and 3.67%.
Materials, Supplies, and Fuel Stock
Materials and supplies relate to transmission, distribution, and generating assets. Materials and supplies are charged to inventory when purchased and are expensed or capitalized as appropriate when issued. Materials and supplies are valued using an average costing method. Inventories consisted of the following at December 31:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Fuel Oil | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | 985 |  |  | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | 985 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Materials and supplies | 97,138 |  |  | 65,748 |  |  | 80,676 |  |  | 54,905 |  |  | 16,462 |  |  | 10,843 |
| $ | 98,034 |  |  | $ | 66,733 |  |  | $ | 81,572 |  |  | $ | 55,890 |  |  | $ | 16,462 |  |  | $ | 10,843 |

Investments
PNM holds investment securities in the NDT for the purpose of funding its share of the decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines that served SJGS and continue to serve Four Corners (Note 16). Investments (both equity and available-for-sale debt securities) are measured at fair value on a quarterly basis with changes in fair value for equity securities recognized in earnings for that period. Since third party investment managers have sole discretion over the purchase and sale of the securities (under general guidelines and targets provided by management), PNM records an impairment, as a realized loss, for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value which is less than cost at the end of each quarter. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021, PNM recorded impairment losses on the available-for-sale debt securities of $(19.1) million, $25.8 million and $(0.7) million. No gains or losses are deferred as regulatory assets or liabilities. See Notes 3 and 9.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
All investments are held in PNM’s name and are in the custody of major financial institutions. The specific identification method is used to determine the cost of securities disposed of, with realized gains and losses reflected in other income and deductions.
As discussed above, PNM immediately records an impairment loss for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company has no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeds fair value and there are no impairments considered to be “other than temporary” that are included in AOCI and not recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings.
Equity Method Investment
PNMR accounts for its investment in NMRD using the equity method of accounting because PNMR’s ownership interest results in significant influence, but not control, over NMRD and its operations. PNMR records as income its percentage share of earnings or loss of NMRD and carries its investment at cost, adjusted for its share of undistributed earnings or losses. See Note 21.
Goodwill
The Company does not amortize goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. See Note 19.
Asset Impairment
Tangible long-lived assets and right-of-use assets associated with leases are evaluated in relation to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to assess recoverability when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired.
Revenue Recognition
See Note 4 for a discussion of electric operating revenues.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
See Note 4 for a discussion of accounts receivable and the allowance for credit losses.
Amortization of Debt Acquisition Costs
Discount, premium, and expense related to the issuance of long-term debt are amortized over the lives of the respective issues. Gains and losses incurred upon the early retirement of long-term debt are recognized in other income or other deductions, except for amounts recoverable through NMPRC, FERC, or PUCT regulation, which are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities and amortized over the lives of the respective issues. Unamortized premium, discount, and expense related to long-term debt are reflected as part of the related liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Derivatives
The Company records derivative instruments, including energy contracts, on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at their fair value. Changes in the derivatives’ fair value are recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. PNM also records certain commodity derivative transactions recoverable through NMPRC regulation as regulatory assets or liabilities. See Note 9.
The Company treats all forward commodity purchases and sales contracts subject to unplanned netting or “book-out” by the transmission provider as derivative instruments subject to mark-to-market accounting. GAAP provides guidance on whether realized gains and losses on derivative contracts not held for trading purposes should be reported on a net or gross basis and concludes such classification is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. See Note 4.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Decommissioning and Reclamation Costs
PNM is only required to recognize and measure decommissioning liabilities for tangible long-lived assets for which a legal obligation exists. Nuclear decommissioning costs and related accruals are based on periodic site-specific estimates of the costs for removing all radioactive and other structures at PVNGS and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. PNM’s accruals for PVNGS Units 1, 2, and 3, including portions previously held under leases, have been made based on such estimates, the guidelines of the NRC, and the PVNGS license periods. PNM records its share of the SJGS decommissioning obligation as an ARO on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Studies on the decommissioning costs of SJGS are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liability are recorded. See Note 16.
In connection with both the SJGS and Four Corners coal supply agreements, the owners are required to reimburse the mining companies for the cost of contemporaneous reclamation, as well as the costs for final reclamation of the coal mines. The reclamation costs are based on periodic site-specific studies that estimate the costs to be incurred in the future and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. PNM considers the contemporaneous reclamation costs part of the cost of its delivered coal costs. See Note 16 for a discussion of reclamation costs.
Environmental Costs
The normal operations of the Company involve activities and substances that expose the Company to potential liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment. Liabilities under these laws and regulations can be material and may be imposed without regard to fault, or may be imposed for past acts, even though the past acts may have been lawful at the time they occurred.
The Company records its environmental liabilities when site assessments or remedial actions are probable and a range of reasonably likely cleanup costs can be estimated. The Company reviews its sites and measures the liability by assessing a range of reasonably likely costs for each identified site using currently available information and the probable level of involvement and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties. These estimates are based on assumptions regarding the costs for site investigations, remediation, operations and maintenance, monitoring, and site closure. The ultimate cost to clean up the Company’s identified sites may vary from its recorded liability due to numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation process. Amounts recorded for environmental expense in the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, as well as the amounts of environmental liabilities at December 31, 2023 and 2022, were insignificant.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
See Note 11 for a discussion of pension and postretirement benefits expense, including a discussion of the actuarial assumptions.
Stock-Based Compensation
See Note 12 for a discussion of stock-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are recognized using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. All deferred taxes are reflected as non-current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT approved rates include the tax effects of the majority of these differences. Rate-regulated enterprises are required to record deferred income taxes for temporary differences accorded flow-through treatment at the direction of a regulatory commission. The resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the expected cash flow to be reflected in future rates. Because the NMPRC, FERC, and the PUCT have consistently permitted the recovery of tax effects previously flowed-through earnings, the Company has established regulatory assets and liabilities offsetting such deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company recognizes only the impact of tax positions that, based on their merits, are more likely than not to be sustained upon an IRS audit. The Company defers investment tax credits and amortizes them over the estimated useful lives of the assets. See Note 18 for additional information, including a discussion of the impacts of the Tax Act.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The Company makes an estimate of its anticipated effective tax rate for the year as of the end of each quarterly period within its fiscal year. In interim periods, income tax expense is calculated by applying the anticipated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date earnings before taxes. Certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, as well as adjustments due to enactment of new tax laws, have been excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation.
Lease Commitments
See Note 8 for a discussion of lease commitments.
New Accounting Pronouncements
Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted by the Company is presented below. The Company does not expect difficulty in adopting these standards by their required effective dates.
Accounting Standards Update 2022-03 - Fair Value Measurement (Topic 820): Fair Value Measurements of Equity Securities Subject to Contractual Sale Restrictions
In June 2022, the FASB issued ASU 2022-03 clarifying that a contractual restriction on the sale of an equity security is not considered part of the unit of account of the security and, therefore, is not considered in measuring fair value. The amendment also clarifies that an entity cannot, as a separate unit of account, recognize and measure a contractual sale restriction. Disclosure requirements from the amendment include disclosure of the fair value of equity securities subject to contractual sale restrictions that are reflected in the balance sheet; the nature and remaining duration of the restriction(s); and the circumstances that could cause a lapse in the restriction(s). ASU 2022-03 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2024 with early adoption for both interim and annual periods being permitted. ASU 2022-03 is to be applied prospectively with any adjustments recognized in earnings and disclosed on the date of adoption. The Company does not expect ASU 2022-03 to have any impact on earnings as there are currently no investments that are subject to contractual restrictions on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Disclosure updates for investments held in the pension and other benefit plan portfolios are not expected to be material.
Accounting Standards Update 2023-07 - Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures
In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07 enhancing disclosures about significant segment expenses. Disclosure requirements of this update include disclosure, on an annual and interim basis, of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the Chief Operating Decision Maker (“CODM”) and included within each reported measure of segment profit or loss (collectively referred to as the “significant expense principle”); an amount for other segment items by reportable segment and a description of its composition; the title and position of the CODM and an explanation of how the CODM uses the reported measures in assessing segment performance and deciding how to allocate resources; and that a single reportable segment provides all the disclosures required by the amendments in this ASU and all existing segment disclosures in Topic 280. The amendment also clarifies that in addition to the measure most consistent with the measurement principles under GAAP, reporting of additional measures of a segment’s profit or loss used by the CODM in assessing segment performance and determining allocation of resources is allowed. ASU 2023-07 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2024 and interim periods beginning January 1, 2025 with early adoption being permitted. ASU 2023-07 is to be applied retrospectively to all prior periods presented in the financial statements.
Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 enhancing the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Disclosure requirements of this update include (on an annual basis) the disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and the inclusion of additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of the reconciling item is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pre-tax income by the applicable statutory rate). The amendment also requires the disclosure (on an annual basis) of information about income taxes paid (net of refunds) including, the disaggregation by federal, state, and foreign taxes as well as by individual jurisdiction. Additional requirements include the disclosure of income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) disaggregated between foreign and domestic as well as income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2025 with early adoption being permitted. ASU 2023-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis with retrospective application permitted.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(2)Segment Information
The following segment presentation is based on the methodology that management uses for making operating decisions and assessing performance of its various business activities. A reconciliation of the segment presentation to the GAAP financial statements is provided.
PNM
PNM includes the retail electric utility operations of PNM that are subject to traditional rate regulation by the NMPRC. PNM provides integrated electricity services that include the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity for retail electric customers in New Mexico. PNM also includes the generation and sale of electricity into the wholesale market, which includes the asset optimization of PNM’s jurisdictional capacity as well as providing transmission services to third parties. FERC has jurisdiction over wholesale power and transmission rates. PNM includes the results of ETBC I upon its formation in 2023.
TNMP
TNMP is an electric utility providing services in Texas under the TECA. TNMP’s operations are subject to traditional rate regulation by the PUCT. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service area. TNMP also provides transmission services at regulated rates to other utilities that interconnect with TNMP’s facilities.
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment includes PNMR holding company activities, primarily related to corporate level debt and PNMR Services Company. The activities of PNMR Development and the equity method investment in NMRD are also included in Corporate and Other. Eliminations of intercompany transactions are reflected in the Corporate and Other segment.
PNMR SEGMENT INFORMATION
The following tables present summarized financial information for PNMR by segment. PNM and TNMP each operate in only one segment. Therefore, tabular segment information is not presented for PNM and TNMP.

2023 | PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,939,198 |
Cost of energy | 663,614 |  |  | 138,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 802,261 |
Utility margin | 740,334 |  |  | 396,603 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,136,937 |
Other operating expenses | 479,525 |  |  | 133,443 |  |  | (26,874) |  |  | 586,094 |
Depreciation and amortization | 177,633 |  |  | 113,142 |  |  | 28,728 |  |  | 319,503 |
Operating income (loss) | 83,176 |  |  | 150,018 |  |  | (1,854) |  |  | 231,340 |
Interest income | 21,355 |  |  | — |  |  | 608 |  |  | 21,963 |
Other income (deductions) | 20,003 |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | (790) |  |  | 27,581 |
Interest charges | (86,574) |  |  | (46,152) |  |  | (57,629) |  |  | (190,355) |
Segment earnings (loss) before income taxes | 37,960 |  |  | 112,234 |  |  | (59,665) |  |  | 90,529 |
Income taxes (benefit) | (16,758) |  |  | 17,297 |  |  | (16,889) |  |  | (16,350) |
Segment earnings (loss) | 54,718 |  |  | 94,937 |  |  | (42,776) |  |  | 106,879 |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (18,533) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,533) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to PNMR | $ | 35,657 |  |  | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | (42,776) |  |  | $ | 87,818 |
At December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 6,813,065 |  |  | $ | 3,145,031 |  |  | $ | 294,509 |  |  | $ | 10,252,605 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

2022 | PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,766,825 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |
Cost of energy | 864,013 |  |  | 123,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 987,941 |
Utility margin | 902,812 |  |  | 358,802 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,261,614 |
Other operating expenses | 460,513 |  |  | 124,519 |  |  | (22,031) |  |  | 563,001 |
Depreciation and amortization | 180,812 |  |  | 98,316 |  |  | 25,725 |  |  | 304,853 |
Operating income (loss) | 261,487 |  |  | 135,967 |  |  | (3,694) |  |  | 393,760 |
Interest income | 14,816 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,279 |  |  | 16,095 |
Other income (deductions) | (77,012) |  |  | 8,653 |  |  | (2,278) |  |  | (70,637) |
Interest charges | (61,073) |  |  | (37,192) |  |  | (29,643) |  |  | (127,908) |
Segment earnings (loss) before income taxes | 138,218 |  |  | 107,428 |  |  | (34,336) |  |  | 211,310 |
Income taxes (benefit) | 19,198 |  |  | 15,161 |  |  | (8,229) |  |  | 26,130 |
Segment earnings (loss) | 119,020 |  |  | 92,267 |  |  | (26,107) |  |  | 185,180 |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (15,122) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,122) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to PNMR | $ | 103,370 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |  |  | $ | (26,107) |  |  | $ | 169,530 |
At December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 6,272,166 |  |  | $ | 2,746,601 |  |  | $ | 238,610 |  |  | $ | 9,257,377 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

2021 | PNM |  | TNMP |  |  |  | Corporate and Other |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,362,020 |  |  | $ | 417,853 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,779,873 |
Cost of energy | 531,786 |  |  | 113,067 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 644,853 |
Utility margin | 830,234 |  |  | 304,786 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 1,135,020 |
Other operating expenses | 438,372 |  |  | 114,228 |  |  |  |  | (9,840) |  |  | 542,760 |
Depreciation and amortization | 170,365 |  |  | 90,440 |  |  |  |  | 23,302 |  |  | 284,107 |
Operating income (loss) | 221,497 |  |  | 100,118 |  |  |  |  | (13,462) |  |  | 308,153 |
Interest income (loss) | 14,605 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 57 |  |  | 14,662 |
Other income (deductions) | 13,809 |  |  | 5,408 |  |  |  |  | (726) |  |  | 18,491 |
Interest charges | (51,360) |  |  | (33,735) |  |  |  |  | (11,782) |  |  | (96,877) |
Segment earnings (loss) before income taxes | 198,551 |  |  | 71,791 |  |  |  |  | (25,913) |  |  | 244,429 |
Income taxes (benefit) | 26,992 |  |  | 7,912 |  |  |  |  | (2,322) |  |  | 32,582 |
Segment earnings (loss) | 171,559 |  |  | 63,879 |  |  |  |  | (23,591) |  |  | 211,847 |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (15,490) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (15,490) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to PNMR | $ | 155,541 |  |  | $ | 63,879 |  |  |  |  | $ | (23,591) |  |  | $ | 195,829 |
At December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 6,060,133 |  |  | $ | 2,364,772 |  |  |  |  | $ | 241,980 |  |  | $ | 8,666,885 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

Non-GAAP Financial Measures
The Company defines utility margin as electric operating revenues less cost of energy. Cost of energy consists primarily of fuel and purchase power costs for PNM and costs charged by third-party transmission providers for TNMP. The Company believes that utility margin provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating operations than electric operating revenues since substantially all such costs are offset in revenues as fuel and purchase power costs are passed through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC and third-party transmission costs are passed on to consumers through TNMP’s transmission cost recovery factor. Utility margin is not a financial measure required to be presented and is considered a non-GAAP measure. PNM and TNMP do not intend for utility margin to represent any financial measure as defined by GAAP; however, the
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
calculation of utility margin, as presented, most closely compares to gross margin as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations between utility margin and gross margin are presented below.

| PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | PNMR Consolidated |
| (In thousands) |
2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | $ | 409,366 |  |  | $ | 246,465 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 655,831 |  |
Energy production costs | 91,610 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91,610 |  |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61,725 |  |  | 36,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,721 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 177,633 |  |  | 113,142 |  |  | — |  |  | 290,775 |  | 1
Utility margin | $ | 740,334 |  |  | $ | 396,603 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,136,937 |  |
2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | $ | 516,375 |  |  | $ | 224,080 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 740,455 |  |
Energy production costs | 147,347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147,347 |  |
Transmission and distribution costs | 58,278 |  |  | 36,406 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,684 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 180,812 |  |  | 98,316 |  |  | — |  |  | 279,128 |  | 1
Utility margin | $ | 902,812 |  |  | $ | 358,802 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,261,614 |  |
2021 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin | $ | 466,092 |  |  | $ | 182,857 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 648,949 |  |
Energy production costs | 143,931 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 143,931 |  |
Transmission and distribution costs | 49,846 |  |  | 31,489 |  |  | — |  |  | 81,335 |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 170,365 |  |  | 90,440 |  |  | — |  |  | 260,805 |  | 1
Utility margin | $ | 830,234 |  |  | $ | 304,786 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,135,020 |  |

1 Corporate and Other depreciation and amortization represents corporate level activities that are billed at cost and reflected as general and administrative expenses at PNM and TNMP and therefore are not a component of gross margin or utility margin. See Note 1.
Major Customers
PNM’s participation in EIM, operated by CAISO, accounted for approximately 15%, 24%, and 11% of electric operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. These revenues are passed on to customers under PNM’s FPPAC with no impact to net earnings. Two REPs during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022 and three REPs during the years ended December 31, 2021 accounted for more than 10% of the electric operating revenues of TNMP as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
REP A | 25 | % |  | 27 | % |  | 23 | %
REP B | 19 |  |  | 20 |  |  | 19 |
REP C | N/A |  | N/A |  | 10 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(3)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI reports a measure for accumulated changes in equity that result from transactions and other economic events other than transactions with shareholders. Information regarding AOCI is as follows:

| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| PNM |  |  |  | PNMR
| Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  | Total |  |  |  | Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 20,403 |  |  | $ | (98,914) |  |  | $ | (78,511) |  |  |  |  | $ | (672) |  |  | $ | (79,183) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (9,765) |  |  | 8,348 |  |  | (1,417) |  |  |  |  | (903) |  |  | (2,320) |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 2,480 |  |  | (2,120) |  |  | 360 |  |  |  |  | 229 |  |  | 589 |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | (1,881) |  |  | 12,111 |  |  | 10,230 |  |  |  |  | 1,804 |  |  | 12,034 |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | 478 |  |  | (3,076) |  |  | (2,598) |  |  |  |  | (458) |  |  | (3,056) |
Net after-tax change | (8,688) |  |  | 15,263 |  |  | 6,575 |  |  |  |  | 672 |  |  | 7,247 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 11,715 |  |  | (83,651) |  |  | (71,936) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | (71,936) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (3,827) |  |  | 7,104 |  |  | 3,277 |  |  |  |  | (1,176) |  |  | 2,101 |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 972 |  |  | (1,804) |  |  | (832) |  |  |  |  | 299 |  |  | (533) |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | (1,928) |  |  | (4,565) |  |  | (6,493) |  |  |  |  | 12,285 |  |  | 5,792 |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | 490 |  |  | 1,159 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  |  |  | (3,121) |  |  | (1,472) |
Net after-tax change | (4,293) |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | (2,399) |  |  |  |  | 8,287 |  |  | 5,888 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 7,422 |  |  | (81,757) |  |  | (74,335) |  |  |  |  | 8,287 |  |  | (66,048) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (7,199) |  |  | 4,776 |  |  | (2,423) |  |  |  |  | 9,287 |  |  | 6,864 |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 1,828 |  |  | (1,212) |  |  | 616 |  |  |  |  | (2,359) |  |  | (1,743) |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | 11,529 |  |  | 1,389 |  |  | 12,918 |  |  |  |  | (15,483) |  |  | (2,565) |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | (2,928) |  |  | (353) |  |  | (3,281) |  |  |  |  | 3,933 |  |  | 652 |
Net after-tax change | 3,230 |  |  | 4,600 |  |  | 7,830 |  |  |  |  | (4,622) |  |  | 3,208 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 10,652 |  |  | $ | (77,157) |  |  | $ | (66,505) |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,665 |  |  | $ | (62,840) |

The Consolidated Statements of Earnings include pre-tax amounts reclassified from AOCI related to Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities in gains (losses) on investment securities, related to Pension Liability Adjustment in other (deductions), and related to Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges in interest charges. The income tax impacts of all amounts reclassified from AOCI are included in income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
(4) Electric Operating Revenues
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable consists primarily of trade receivables from customers. In the normal course of business, credit is extended to customers on a short-term basis. The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables based on historical experience and estimated default rates. Accounts receivable balances are reviewed monthly, adjustments to the allowance for credit losses are made as necessary and amounts that are deemed uncollectible are written off. In addition to the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, the Company has evaluated other receivables for potential credit related losses.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
These balances include potential exposures for other non-retail utility services. In the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022, there were no estimated credit losses related to these transactions.
Revenue Recognition
Retail electric operating revenues are recorded in the period of energy delivery, which includes estimated amounts for service rendered but unbilled at the end of each accounting period. The determination of the energy sales billed to individual retail customers is based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, amounts of energy delivered to customers since the date of the last meter reading and the corresponding unbilled revenue are estimated. Unbilled electric revenue is estimated based on daily generation volumes, estimated customer usage by class, line losses, historical trends and experience, applicable customer rates or by using AMS data where available. Amounts billed are generally due within the next month. The Company does not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts for its energy services.
PNM’s wholesale electricity sales are recorded as electric operating revenues and wholesale electricity purchases are recorded as costs of energy sold. Derivative contracts that are subject to unplanned netting are recorded net in earnings. A “book-out” is the planned or unplanned netting of off-setting purchase and sale transactions. A book-out is a transmission mechanism to reduce congestion on the transmission system or administrative burden. For accounting purposes, a book-out is the recording of net revenues upon the settlement of a derivative contract.
Unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts that are not designated for hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power and fuel supply agreements, used to hedge generation assets and purchased power costs. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in results of operations, with changes related to economic hedges on sales included in operating revenues and changes related to economic hedges on purchases included in cost of energy sold. See Note 9.
The Company has collaborative arrangements related to its interest in SJGS, Four Corners, PVNGS, and Luna. The Company has determined that during the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 none of the joint owners in its collaborative arrangements were customers under Topic 606. The Company will continue to evaluate transactions between collaborative arrangement participants in future periods under the revenue recognition standard.
PNM and TNMP recognize revenue as they satisfy performance obligations, which typically occurs as the customer or end-user consumes the electric service provided. Electric services are typically for a bundle of services that are distinct and transferred to the end-user in one performance obligation measured by KWh or KW. Electric operating revenues are recorded in the period of energy delivery, including estimated unbilled amounts. The Company has elected to exclude all sales and similar taxes from revenue.
Revenue from contracts with customers is recorded based upon the total authorized tariff or market price at the time electric service is rendered, including amounts billed under arrangements qualifying as an Alternative Revenue Program (“ARP”). ARP arrangements are agreements between PNM or TNMP and its regulator that allow PNM or TNMP to adjust future rates in response to past activities or completed events, if certain criteria are met. ARP revenues are required to be reported separately from contracts with customers. ARP revenues in a given period include the recognition of “originating” ARP revenues (i.e. when the regulator-specific conditions are met) in the period, offset by the reversal of ARP revenues when billed to customers.
Sources of Revenue
Additional information about the nature of revenues is provided below. Additional information about matters affecting PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated revenues is provided in Note 17.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
PNM
NMPRC Regulated Retail Electric Service – PNM provides electric generation, transmission, and distribution service to its rate-regulated customers in New Mexico. PNM’s retail electric service territory covers a large area of north central New Mexico, including the cities of Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe, and certain areas of southern New Mexico. Customer
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
rates for retail electric service are set by the NMPRC and revenue is recognized as energy is delivered to the customer. PNM invoices customers on a monthly basis for electric service and generally collects billed amounts within one month.
Transmission Service to Third Parties – PNM owns transmission lines that are interconnected with other utilities in New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah. Transmission customers receive service for the transmission of energy owned by the customer utilizing PNM’s transmission facilities. Customers generally receive transmission services, which are regulated by FERC, from PNM through PNM’s Open Access Transmission Tariff (“OATT”) or a specific contract. Customers are billed based on capacity and energy components on a monthly basis. In December 2021, PNM completed the purchase of the Western Spirit Line and services under related transmission agreements were initiated using an incremental rate, approved by FERC, that are separate from the formula rate mechanism.
Wholesale Energy Sales – PNM engages in activities to optimize its existing jurisdictional assets and long-term power agreements through spot market, hour-ahead, day-ahead, week-ahead, month-ahead, and other sales of excess generation not required to fulfill retail load and contractual commitments. PNM began participating in the EIM in 2021. The EIM is a real-time wholesale energy trading market operated by the CAISO that enables participating electric utilities to buy and sell energy. The NMPRC granted PNM authority to seek recovery of costs associated with joining the EIM, which have been included in the 2024 Rate Change and to pass the benefits of participating in EIM to customers through the FPPAC. PNM’s participation in EIM has significantly increased Electric operating revenues which are passed on to customers under PNM’s FPPAC with no impact to net earnings.
Beginning on January 1, 2018, PNM acquired a 65 MW interest in SJGS Unit 4, which was held as merchant plant as ordered by the NMPRC. PNM sold power from 36 MW of this capacity to a third party at a fixed price that was recorded as revenue from contracts with customers. PNM was obligated to deliver power under this arrangement only when SJGS Unit 4 was operating. In May 2022, PNM executed a new agreement to sell 50 MW of that capacity to a third party for the period from July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022 on a system-contingent basis.
TNMP
PUCT Regulated Retail Electric Service – TNMP provides transmission and distribution services in Texas under the provisions of TECA and the Texas Public Utility Regulatory Act. TNMP is subject to traditional cost-of-service regulation with respect to rates and service under the jurisdiction of the PUCT and certain municipalities. TNMP’s transmission and distribution activities are solely within ERCOT and not subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service territory. Revenue is recognized as energy is delivered to the consumer. TNMP invoices REPs on a monthly basis and is generally paid within a month.
TCOS – TNMP is a transmission service provider that is allowed to recover its TCOS through a network transmission rate that is approved by the PUCT. TCOS customers are other utilities that receive service for the transmission of energy owned by the customer utilizing TNMP’s transmission facilities.
Alternative Revenue Programs
The Company defers certain costs and records certain liabilities pursuant to the rate actions of the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC. ARP revenues, which are discussed above, include recovery or refund provisions under PNM’s renewable energy rider and true-ups to PNM’s formula transmission rates; transmission cost recovery factor, and the impacts of the PUCT’s January 25, 2018 order regarding the change in the federal corporate income tax rate; and the energy efficiency incentive bonus at both PNM and TNMP. Regulatory assets and liabilities are recognized for the difference between ARP revenues and amounts billed under those programs. Regulatory assets and liabilities are amortized into earnings as amounts are billed. TNMP’s 2018 Rate Case integrated AMS costs into base rates beginning January 1, 2019. These costs are being amortized into earnings as alternative revenues over a period of five years.
Other Electric Operating Revenues
Other electric operating revenues consist primarily of PNM’s economic hedges that meet the definition of a derivative, and are therefore not considered revenue from contracts with customers. Derivative revenues include gains and losses representing changes in fair value (Note 9) and settlements from sales of electricity under forward sales contracts.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Disaggregation of Revenues
A disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers by the type of customer is presented in the table below. The table also reflects ARP revenues and other revenues.

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated |
Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  | (In thousands) |
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 425,448 |  |  | $ | 190,953 |  |  | $ | 616,401 |  |
Commercial |  | 391,964 |  |  | 155,254 |  |  | 547,218 |  |
Industrial |  | 90,084 |  |  | 45,508 |  |  | 135,592 |  |
Public authority |  | 21,018 |  |  | 6,777 |  |  | 27,795 |  |
Economy energy service |  | 34,340 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,340 |  |
Transmission |  | 159,475 |  |  | 135,831 |  |  | 295,306 |  |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 248,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,801 |  |
Miscellaneous |  | 5,676 |  |  | 3,739 |  |  | 9,415 |  |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,376,806 |  | 1 | 538,062 |  |  | 1,914,868 |  | 1
Alternative revenue programs |  | 9,419 |  |  | (2,812) |  |  | 6,607 |  |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 17,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,723 |  |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | 1,939,198 |  |

1 Included in revenue from contracts with customers at PNM and PNMR is a $128.7 million reduction associated with the SJGS abandonment settlement and a $38.4 million reduction associated with PVNGS leased capacity as a result of the NMPRC final order in the 2024 Rate Change.

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |  | (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 484,699 |  |  | $ | 187,951 |  |  | $ | 672,650 |
Commercial |  | 422,163 |  |  | 154,059 |  |  | 576,222 |
Industrial |  | 85,102 |  |  | 36,919 |  |  | 122,021 |
Public authority |  | 21,330 |  |  | 6,379 |  |  | 27,709 |
Economy energy service |  | 45,009 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,009 |
Transmission |  | 149,421 |  |  | 113,782 |  |  | 263,203 |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 534,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 534,196 |
Miscellaneous |  | 5,390 |  |  | 3,817 |  |  | 9,207 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,747,310 |  |  | 502,907 |  |  | 2,250,217 |
Alternative revenue programs |  | 692 |  |  | (20,177) |  |  | (19,485) |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 18,823 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,823 |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,766,825 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2021 |  | (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 484,720 |  |  | $ | 158,796 |  |  | $ | 643,516 |
Commercial |  | 419,251 |  |  | 125,536 |  |  | 544,787 |
Industrial |  | 88,479 |  |  | 29,089 |  |  | 117,568 |
Public authority |  | 22,720 |  |  | 6,142 |  |  | 28,862 |
Economy energy service |  | 35,220 |  |  | — |  |  | 35,220 |
Transmission |  | 87,880 |  |  | 94,152 |  |  | 182,032 |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 184,132 |  |  | — |  |  | 184,132 |
Miscellaneous |  | 4,770 |  |  | 3,794 |  |  | 8,564 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,327,172 |  |  | 417,509 |  |  | 1,744,681 |
Alternative revenue programs |  | (4,108) |  |  | 344 |  |  | (3,764) |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 38,956 |  |  | — |  |  | 38,956 |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,362,020 |  |  | $ | 417,853 |  |  | $ | 1,779,873 |

Contract Balances
Performance obligations related to contracts with customers are typically satisfied when the energy is delivered and the customer or end-user utilizes the energy. Accounts receivable from customers represent amounts billed, including amounts under ARPs. For PNM, accounts receivable reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of allowance for credit losses, includes $93.6 million and $151.4 million at December 31, 2023 and 2022 resulting from contracts with customers. All of TNMP’s accounts receivable results from contracts with customers.
Contract assets are an entity’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditioned on something other than the passage of time (for example, the entity’s future performance). Upon the completion of the Western Spirit Line, PNM entered into a TSA with Pattern Wind under an incremental tariff rate approved by FERC. The terms of the agreement provide for a financing component that benefits the customer. As such, the revenue that PNM recognizes will be in excess of the consideration received at the beginning of the service term resulting in a contract asset. The balance of the contract asset was $22.1 million at December 31, 2023 and $11.9 million at December 31, 2022, and is included in Other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract liabilities arise when consideration is received in advance from a customer before satisfying the performance obligations. Therefore, revenue is deferred and not recognized until the obligation is satisfied. Under its OATT, PNM accepts upfront consideration for capacity reservations requested by transmission customers, which requires PNM to defer the customer’s transmission capacity rights for a specific period of time. PNM recognizes the revenue of these capacity reservations over the period it defers the customer’s capacity rights. Other utilities pay PNM and TNMP in advance for the joint-use of their utility poles. These revenues are recognized over the period of time specified in the joint-use contract, typically for one calendar year. Deferred revenues on these arrangements are recorded as contract liabilities. PNMR’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s contract liabilities and related revenues are not material for any of the periods presented. The Company has no other arrangements with remaining performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price would be required to be allocated.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(5)Earnings and Dividends Per Share
Dual presentation of basic and diluted earnings per share has been presented in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings of PNMR. Information regarding the computation of earnings per share and dividends per share is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net Earnings Attributable to PNMR | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |  |  | $ | 195,829 |
Average Number of Common Shares: |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding during year | 86,038 |  |  | 85,835 |  |  | 85,835 |
Vested awards of restricted stock | 258 |  |  | 287 |  |  | 235 |
Average Shares – Basic | 86,296 |  |  | 86,122 |  |  | 86,070 |
Dilutive Effect of Common Stock Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |
PNMR 2022 ATM Program | 38 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Stock options and restricted stock | 35 |  |  | 47 |  |  | 41 |
Average Shares – Diluted | 86,369 |  |  | 86,169 |  |  | 86,111 |
Net Earnings Attributable to PNMR Per Share of Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |  |  | $ | 2.28 |
Diluted | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |  |  | $ | 2.27 |
Dividends Declared per Common Share | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |  |  | $ | 1.33 |

(6)Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock and Equity Contributions
On December 15, 2023 PNMR physically settled all shares under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program by issuing 4.4 million shares to the forward purchasers, aggregating net proceeds of $198.2 million, including $1.0 million for equity issuance costs. Following this settlement, no shares of PNMR’s common stock remain subject to future settlement under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program. PNMR, PNM, and TNMP did not issue any common stock during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
PNMR funded zero, zero, and $53.0 million of cash equity contributions to PNM in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively. PNMR also funded $40.9 million, $68.0 million, and $52.0 million of cash equity contributions to TNMP in 2023, 2022, and 2021, respectively.
Dividends on Common Stock
The declaration of common dividends by PNMR is dependent upon a number of factors, including the ability of PNMR’s subsidiaries to pay dividends. PNMR’s primary sources of dividends are its operating subsidiaries.
PNM did not declare or pay any cash dividends to PNMR in 2023. However, PNM declared and paid cash dividends to PNMR of $153.5 million, and $60.0 million in 2022 and 2021, respectively. TNMP did not declare or pay any cash dividends to PNMR in 2023, 2022, or 2021.
The NMPRC has placed certain restrictions on the ability of PNM to pay dividends to PNMR, including the restriction that PNM cannot pay dividends that cause its debt rating to fall below investment grade. The NMPRC provisions allow PNM to pay dividends, with at least 15 days prior notice, from current earnings, which is determined on a rolling four quarter basis, or from equity contributions previously made by PNMR. The Federal Power Act also imposes certain restrictions on dividends by public utilities. Debt-to-capitalization ratio requirements, as discussed in Note 7, remain at less than or equal to 65% for PNM and TNMP and less than or equal to 70% for PNMR. These debt-to-capitalization ratio requirements could limit the amounts of dividends that could be paid. PNM also has other financial covenants that limit the transfer of assets, through dividends or other means, including a requirement to obtain the approval of certain financial counterparties to transfer more than five percent of PNM’s assets. As of December 31, 2023, none of the numerical tests would restrict the payment of dividends from the retained earnings of PNM, and the 65% debt-to-capitalization covenant would restrict the payment of dividends by TNMP to $339.5 million. Similarly, the 70% debt-to-capitalization covenant would restrict the payment of dividends by PNMR to $321.9 million.
In addition, the ability of PNMR to declare dividends is dependent upon the extent to which cash flows will support dividends, the availability of retained earnings, financial circumstances and performance, current and future regulatory
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
decisions, Congressional and legislative acts, and economic conditions. Conditions imposed by the NMPRC or PUCT, future growth plans and related capital requirements, and business considerations may also affect PNMR’s ability to pay dividends.
Preferred Stock
PNM’s cumulative preferred shares outstanding bear dividends at 4.58% per annum. PNM preferred stock does not have a mandatory redemption requirement, but may be redeemed, at PNM’s option, at 102% of the stated value plus accrued dividends. The holders of the PNM preferred stock are entitled to payment before the holders of common stock in the event of any liquidation or dissolution or distribution of assets of PNM. In addition, PNM’s preferred stock is not entitled to a sinking fund and cannot be converted into any other class of stock of PNM.
PNMR and TNMP have no preferred stock outstanding. The authorized shares of PNMR and TNMP preferred stock are 10 million shares and 1 million shares, respectively.
(7)Financing
The Company’s financing strategy includes both short-term and long-term borrowings. The Company utilizes short-term revolving credit facilities, as well as cash flows from operations, to provide funds for both construction and operating expenditures. Depending on market and other conditions, the Company will periodically sell long-term debt or enter into term loan arrangements and use the proceeds to reduce borrowings under the revolving credit facilities or refinance other debt. Each of the Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements contain a single financial covenant that requires the maintenance of a debt-to-capitalization ratio. For the PNMR agreements this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 70%, and for the PNM and TNMP agreements this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 65%. The Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements generally also contain customary covenants, events of default, cross-default provisions, and change-of-control provisions.
PNM must obtain NMPRC approval for any financing transaction having a maturity of more than 18 months. In addition, PNM files its annual informational financing filing and short-term financing plan with the NMPRC.
Financing Activities
PNMR
At December 31, 2020, PNMR had $300.0 million aggregate principal amount of 3.25% SUNs outstanding (the “PNMR 2018 SUNs”), which were set to mature on March 9, 2021. On March 9, 2021, PNMR utilized $220.0 million of capacity under the PNMR 2020 Delayed-Draw Term Loan as well as $80.0 million in borrowings under the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility to repay the PNMR 2018 SUNs.
At December 31, 2020, PNMR had $150.0 million outstanding under the PNMR 2019 Term Loan, $150.0 million outstanding under the PNMR 2020 Term Loan, $300.0 million outstanding under the PNMR 2020 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, and $65.0 million outstanding under the PNMR Development Term Loan. On May 18, 2021, each of these outstanding amounts were repaid with proceeds from the PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan discussed below.
On May 18, 2021, PNMR entered into the PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, among PNMR, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. Initially, PNMR drew $850.0 million to repay and terminate existing indebtedness, including the $150.0 million PNMR 2019 Term Loan, the $300.0 million PNMR 2020 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, the $150.0 million PNMR 2020 Term Loan, the $65.0 million PNMR Development Term Loan, and $40.0 million in borrowings under the PNMR Development Revolving Credit Facility. Additionally, PNMR repaid $92.1 million in borrowings under the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility. On December 2, 2021, PNMR drew an additional $50.0 million and used the proceeds for other general corporate purposes. On January 24, 2022, PNMR drew the remaining $100.0 million available under the PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan and used the proceeds to pay down the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility. On May 20, 2022, PNMR amended and restated the PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, extending its maturity to May 18, 2025. As discussed below on June 30, 2023, $500.0 million under the PNMR 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan was prepaid, without penalty, with proceeds from the PNMR 2023 Term Loan. Draws on the PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan bear interest at a variable rate, which was 6.43% at December 31, 2023.
On March 2, 2022, PNMR filed a shelf registration that provides for the issuance of various types of debt and equity securities. The PNMR shelf registration statement expires in March 2025.
On November 10, 2022, PNMR entered into a distribution agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as sales agents and Bank of America, N.A., MUFG Securities EMEA plc and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as forward purchasers, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
sales price of $200.0 million of its common stock, no par value, through the sales agents (the “PNMR 2022 ATM Program”). Sales of the shares made pursuant to the distribution agreement may be made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. PNMR did not initially receive any proceeds upon the execution of this agreement.
Throughout 2023, PNMR entered into forward sale agreements with the forward purchasers listed below, for the sale of shares of PNMR common stock. On December 15, 2023, PNMR physically settled the forward purchases under the PNMR 2022 ATM Program and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes. Gross cash proceeds shown below were reduced by $1.0 million in issuance costs resulting in net cash proceeds of $198.2 million.

Forward completion |  | Initial forward price |  |  |  | Shares |  | Settlement price |  | Settlement amount
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
March 15, 2023 |  | $ | 48.49 |  |  |  |  | 504,452 |  |  | $ | 49.00 |  |  | $ | 24,720 |
March 20, 2023 |  | 48.30 |  |  |  |  | 528,082 |  |  | 48.78 |  |  | 25,758
May 30, 2023 |  | 47.56 |  |  |  |  | 244,639 |  |  | 47.99 |  |  | 11,741
June 30, 2023 |  | 44.87 |  |  |  |  | 804,477 |  |  | 45.07 |  |  | 36,257
September 26, 2023 |  | 44.03 |  |  |  |  | 2,283,860 |  |  | 44.11 |  |  | 100,734
|  |  |  |  |  | 4,365,510 |  |  |  |  | $ | 199,210 |

On June 30, 2023, PNMR entered into a $500.0 million term loan agreement (the “PNMR 2023 Term Loan”) among PNMR, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The PNMR 2023 Term Loan matures on June 30, 2026 and bears interest at a variable rate, which was 6.83% at December 31, 2023. The proceeds were used to prepay an equal amount of the PNMR 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan, without penalty.
PNM
At December 31, 2020, PNM had a $40.0 million outstanding under the PNM 2019 $40.0 million Term Loan. On June 18, 2021, the PNM 2019 $40.0 million Term Loan was repaid using proceeds from the PNM 2021 Term Loan discussed below.
At December 31, 2020, PNM had $100.3 million outstanding under the PNM Floating Rate PCRBs. On October 1, 2021, PNM converted the PNM Floating Rate PCRBs to a fixed rate period and successfully remarketed them to new investors (the “PNM 2021 Fixed Rate PCRBs”). The PNM 2021 Fixed Rate PCRBs now bear interest at 0.875% and are subject to mandatory tender on October 1, 2026.
At December 31, 2020, PNM had $146.0 million of outstanding PCRBs with a final maturity of April 1, 2033. These PCRBs were subject to mandatory tender on October 1, 2021, and were successfully remarketed to new investors on that date. The $146.0 million PCRBs bear interest at a fixed rate of 2.15% until their final maturity.
On June 18, 2021, PNM entered into a $75.0 million term loan agreement (the “PNM 2021 Term Loan”) between PNM and Bank of America, N.A., as lender. The PNM 2021 Term Loan was used to repay the PNM 2019 $40.0 million Term Loan and for other corporate purposes. On August 5, 2022, the PNM 2021 Term Loan was prepaid without penalty with proceeds from the PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan discussed below.
On July 14, 2021, PNM entered into an agreement (the “PNM 2021 Note Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale and issuance of $160.0 million aggregate principal amount of SUNs (the “PNM 2021 SUNs”) offered in private placement transactions. On July 14, 2021, PNM issued $80.0 million of the PNM 2021 SUNs at 2.59%, due July 15, 2033, and another $80.0 million at 3.14%, due July 15, 2041. Proceeds from the PNM 2021 SUNs were used to repay the total amount of the $160.0 million of PNM’s 5.35% SUNs, at par, earlier than their scheduled maturity of October 1, 2021. The PNM 2021 Note Purchase Agreement includes the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, PNM will be required to offer to prepay the PNM 2021 SUNs at par. PNM has the right to redeem any or all of the PNM 2021 SUNs prior to their maturities, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On September 23, 2021, PNM entered into an agreement (the “PNM September 2021 Note Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale and issuance of $150.0 million aggregate principal amount of SUNs (the “PNM September 2021 SUNs”) offered in private placement transactions. On December 2, 2021, PNM issued $50.0 million of the PNM September 2021 SUNs at 2.29%, due December 30, 2031, and another $100.0 million at 2.97%, due December 30, 2041. Proceeds from the PNM September 2021 SUNs were used for funding of capital expenditures, including the purchase of the Western Spirit Line, repayment of existing indebtedness, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM September 2021 Note Purchase Agreement includes the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, PNM will be
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
required to offer to prepay the PNM September 2021 SUNs at par. PNM has the right to redeem any or all of the PNM September 2021 SUNs prior to their maturities, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
At December 31, 2021, PNM had $104.5 million PCRBs outstanding with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2022, consisting of $36.0 million at 1.05% issued by the Maricopa County, Arizona Pollution Control Corporation with a final maturity of January 2038; $37.0 million at 2.125% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040; $11.5 million at 1.20% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040; and $20.0 million at 2.45% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of September 2042. On June 1, 2022, PNM remarketed to new investors the $36.0 million and $37.0 million series in the tax-exempt market at 3.00% with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024. PNM purchased and redeemed the remaining two series of PCRBs, totaling $31.5 million, on June 1, 2022.
On August 5, 2022, PNM entered into a $225.0 million delayed-draw term loan agreement (the “PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan”), among PNM, the lender parties thereto, and Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent. PNM initially drew $180.0 million to prepay, without penalty, the $75.0 million PNM 2021 Term Loan ahead of its December 2022 maturity and for other corporate purposes. On September 30, 2022, PNM drew the remaining $45.0 million and used the proceeds for general corporate purposes. On November 15, 2023, upon receipts of funds from the sale of energy transition property to ETBC I discussed below, PNM prepaid the $225.0 million outstanding under the PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, without penalty.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $130.0 million of 1.10% PCRBs outstanding with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2023, issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040. On June 1, 2023, PNM remarketed the $130.0 million to new investors at 3.90% with a mandatory tender date of June 1, 2028.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.15% SUNs outstanding due May 2023. On May 15, 2023, PNM repaid the $55.0 million 3.15% SUNs.
On April 28, 2023, PNM entered into an agreement (the “PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale and issuance of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of SUNs (the “PNM 2023 SUNs”) offered in private placement transactions. The PNM 2023 SUNs were issued on April 28, 2023. PNM issued $150.0 million of the PNM 2023 SUNs at 5.51%, due April 28, 2035, and another $50.0 million at 5.92%, due April 28, 2053. Proceeds from the PNM 2023 SUNs were used to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement includes the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, PNM will be required to offer to prepay the PNM 2023 SUNs at par. PNM has the right to redeem any or all of the PNM 2023 SUNs prior to their maturities, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
ETBC I
On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million aggregate principal amount of its senior secured energy transition bonds, Series A (“Securitized Bonds”) in two tranches. The first tranche of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount was issued at an interest rate of 5.64% with an expected final payment due in August 2040. The second tranche of $168.2 million aggregate principal amount was issued at an interest rate of 6.03% with an expected final payment due in August 2048. Each tranche is subject to fixed, scheduled, semi-annual payments of principal and interest beginning on August 15, 2024 with $2.5 million included as Current installments of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023. The Securitized Bonds were offered pursuant to a prospectus dated November 7, 2023 and are governed by an indenture between ETBC I and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as indenture trustee dated as of November 15, 2023. ETBC I used the proceeds from the issuance of the Securitized Bonds to purchase energy transition property (Note 16) from PNM. See Note 10.
TNMP
On July 14, 2021, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2021 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $65.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2021 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. On August 16, 2021, TNMP issued all $65.0 million of the TNMP 2021 Bonds at 2.44% with a maturity of August 15, 2035, and used the proceeds to repay existing debt and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2021 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the TNMP 2021 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indenture governing the TNMP 2021 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
prepay the TNMP 2021 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2021 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On April 27, 2022, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $160.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2022 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued the first series of $65.0 million of the TNMP 2022 Bonds on May 12, 2022, at a 4.13% interest rate, due May 12, 2052, and the second series of $95.0 million of the TNMP 2022 Bonds on July 28, 2022, at a 3.81% interest rate, due July 28, 2032. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2022 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the TNMP 2022 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2022 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2022 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2022 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On April 28, 2023, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2023 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $185.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2023 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued the first series of $130.0 million on April 28, 2023, at a 5.01% interest rate, due April 28, 2033. The second series of $55.0 million was issued on July 28, 2023, at a 5.47% interest rate, due July 28, 2053. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2023 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2023 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2023 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2023 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2023 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
Interest Rate Hedging Activities
PNMR has entered into hedging agreements that establish a fixed rate for the indicated amount of variable rate debt, above which a customary spread is applied, which is subject to change if there is a change in PNMR’s credit rating. During the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2023, PNMR’s hedging agreements were as follows:

|  |  |  | Variable Rate |  | Established
Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Debt Hedged |  | Fixed Rate
|  |  |  | (In millions) |  | (Percent)
March 17, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 150.0 |  |  | 4.57 | %
October 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.65 |
October 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.66 |
September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.17 |
September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
May 20, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 2.52 |
May 2, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 2.65 |
May 2, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 200.0 |  |  | 2.65 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.32 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.32 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.38 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 3.62 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 3.57 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.99 |

These hedge agreements are accounted for as cash flow hedges. The fair value of the active hedge agreements is presented as a gain of $7.2 million included in Other current assets and a loss of $2.3 million included in Other deferred credits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2022, the fair value of the active hedge agreements was $11.1 million that was included in Other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair values are
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
determined using Level 2 inputs under GAAP, including using forward SOFR curves under the mid-market convention to discount cash flows over the remaining term of the agreements.
Borrowing Arrangements Between PNMR and its Subsidiaries
PNMR has intercompany loan agreements with its subsidiaries. Individual subsidiary loan agreements vary in amount up to $150.0 million and have either reciprocal or non-reciprocal terms. Interest charged to the subsidiaries is equivalent to interest paid by PNMR on its short-term borrowings or the money-market interest rate if PNMR does not have any short-term borrowings outstanding. All balances outstanding under intercompany loan agreements are eliminated upon consolidation. See Note 1. PNM and TNMP had no borrowings from PNMR at December 31, 2023 and 2022. PNMR Development had $2.3 million and zero in short-term borrowings outstanding from PNMR at December 31, 2023 and 2022. PNMR had zero and $5.3 million in short-term borrowings outstanding from PNMR Development at December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Short-term Debt and Liquidity
Currently, the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility has a financing capacity of $300.0 million and the PNM Revolving Credit Facility has a financing capacity of $400.0 million. On May 20, 2022, both PNMR and PNM extended the facilities to October 31, 2024, with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity through October 2026, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. On January 26, 2023, PNMR and PNM exercised one of the one-year extension options in their respective agreements, extending their maturities through October 2025; provided that, effective November 1, 2024, the capacity of the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility will adjust to $285.0 million and the PNM Revolving Credit Facility will adjust to $380.0 million because one lender in each facility did not agree to the one-year extension through October 2025. On December 8, 2023, PNMR and PNM exercised the second one-year extension options in their respective agreements, extending their maturities through October 2026. Also on May 20, 2022, the $40.0 million PNM New Mexico Credit Facility was extended to May 20, 2026. On March 11, 2022, the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, with a capacity of $75.0 million and secured by $75.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP first mortgage bonds, was amended to extend the maturity to September 23, 2024, with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity to September 23, 2026, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. The amended TNMP Revolving Credit Facility also contained an accordion feature that would allow TNMP to increase the size of the revolver from $75.0 million to $100.0 million, subject to certain conditions. On May 13, 2022, TNMP exercised the accordion feature and increased the capacity of the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility to $100.0 million, secured by $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP first mortgage bonds. On January 26, 2023, TNMP exercised one of the one-year extension options on its credit facility, which extended the maturity to September 23, 2025 and on December 8, 2023 the second extension option was exercised which extended the maturity to September 23, 2026. Variable interest rates under the PNMR, PNM, and TNMP revolving credit facilities are based on SOFR.
Gross borrowings and (repayments) associated with the Revolving Credit Facilities consist of:

|  | December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | Borrowings |  | Repayments |  | Borrowings |  | Repayments |  | Borrowings |  | Repayments
PNM: |  | (In thousands)
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | $ | 1,064,300 |  |  | $ | (1,102,700) |  |  | $ | 604,000 |  |  | $ | (472,400) |  |  | $ | 216,600 |  |  | $ | (209,200) |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 70,000 |  |  | (80,000) |  |  | 86,900 |  |  | (40,000) |  |  | 40,000 |  |  | (50,000) |
|  | 1,134,300 |  |  | (1,182,700) |  |  | 690,900 |  |  | (512,400) |  |  | 256,600 |  |  | (259,200) |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 407,600 |  |  | (389,200) |  |  | 480,500 |  |  | (444,200) |  |  | 233,400 |  |  | (233,000) |
PNMR: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNMR Revolving Credit Facility |  | 837,200 |  |  | (777,300) |  |  | 612,000 |  |  | (657,500) |  |  | 719,600 |  |  | (676,700) |
PNMR Development Revolving Credit Facility |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 30,000 |  |  | (40,000) |
|  | 837,200 |  |  | (777,300) |  |  | 612,000 |  |  | (657,500) |  |  | 749,600 |  |  | (716,700) |
|  | $ | 2,379,100 |  |  | $ | (2,349,200) |  |  | $ | 1,783,400 |  |  | $ | (1,614,100) |  |  | $ | 1,239,600 |  |  | $ | (1,208,900) |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Short-term debt outstanding consists of:

|  | December 31,
Short-term Debt |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | (In thousands)
PNM: |  |  |  |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | $ | 107,500 |  |  | $ | 145,900 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 30,000 |  |  | 40,000 |
|  | 137,500 |  |  | 185,900 |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 55,100 |  |  | 36,700 |
PNMR: |  |  |  |
PNMR Revolving Credit Facility |  | 69,300 |  |  | 9,400 |
|  | $ | 261,900 |  |  | $ | 232,000 |

In addition to the above borrowings, PNMR, PNM, and TNMP had letters of credit outstanding of $3.1 million, zero, and zero at December 31, 2023, that reduce the available capacity under their respective revolving credit facilities. PNMR also has $30.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the WFB LOC Facility. At December 31, 2023, interest rates on outstanding borrowings were 6.69% for the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, 6.71% for the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, 6.32% for the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, and 6.96% for the PNMR Revolving Credit Facility.
Long-Term Debt
Information concerning long-term debt outstanding and unamortized (premiums), discounts, and debt issuance costs is as follows:

|  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net
|  | (In thousands)
PNM Debt |
ETBC I - Senior Secured Energy Transition Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series A-1, 5.64% |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 1,093 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Series A-2, 6.03% |  | 168,200 |  |  | 1,057 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Senior Unsecured Notes, Pollution Control Revenue Bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.15% due April 2033 |  | 146,000 |  |  | 824 |  |  | 146,000 |  |  | 915 |
3.00% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | 37,000 |  |  | 88 |  |  | 37,000 |  |  | 296 |
0.875% mandatory tender - October 1, 2026 |  | 100,345 |  |  | 403 |  |  | 100,345 |  |  | 550 |
3.00% due January 2038, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | 36,000 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 36,000 |  |  | 288 |
1.10% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,000 |  |  | 178 |
1.15% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | 125,000 |  |  | 132 |  |  | 125,000 |  |  | 383 |
3.90% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2028 |  | 130,000 |  |  | 1,029 |  |  | — |  |  | — |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

|  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net
|  | (In thousands)
PNM Debt (Continued) |
Senior Unsecured Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.15% due May 2023 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | 29 |
3.45% due May 2025 |  | 104,000 |  |  | 143 |  |  | 104,000 |  |  | 248 |
3.85% due August 2025 |  | 250,000 |  |  | 477 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 775 |
3.68% due May 2028 |  | 88,000 |  |  | 271 |  |  | 88,000 |  |  | 333 |
3.78% due August 2028 |  | 15,000 |  |  | 48 |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 59 |
3.93% due May 2033 |  | 38,000 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 38,000 |  |  | 185 |
4.22% due May 2038 |  | 45,000 |  |  | 228 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | 243 |
4.50% due May 2048 |  | 20,000 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 119 |
4.60% due August 2048 |  | 85,000 |  |  | 490 |  |  | 85,000 |  |  | 510 |
3.21% due April 2030 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 1,011 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 1,171 |
3.57% due April 2039 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 426 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 454 |
2.59% due July 2033 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 366 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 405 |
3.14% due July 2041 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 404 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 427 |
2.29% due December 2031 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 235 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 264 |
2.97% due December 2041 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 528 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 557 |
5.51% due April 2035 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 854 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.92% due April 2053 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 290 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PNM 2022 $225.0 Million Term Loan due February 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225,000 |  |  | 56 |
|  | 2,272,545 |  |  | 10,765 |  |  | 2,009,345 |  |  | 8,445 |
Less current maturities |  | 200,529 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 185,000 |  |  | 207 |
|  | 2,072,016 |  |  | 10,458 |  |  | 1,824,345 |  |  | 8,238 |
TNMP Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Mortgage Bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6.95% due April 2043 |  | 93,198 |  |  | (13,771) |  |  | 93,198 |  |  | (14,488) |
4.03% due July 2024 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 53 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 158 |
3.53% due February 2026 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 256 |
3.22% due August 2027 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 266 |
3.85% due June 2028 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 281 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 344 |
3.79% due March 2034 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 422 |
3.92% due March 2039 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 429 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 457 |
4.06% due March 2044 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 456 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 479 |
3.60% due July 2029 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 391 |
2.73% due April 2030 |  | 85,000 |  |  | 530 |  |  | 85,000 |  |  | 616 |
3.36% due April 2050 |  | 25,000 |  |  | 218 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 226 |
2.93% due July 2035 |  | 25,000 |  |  | 191 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 208 |
3.36% due July 2050 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 441 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 457 |
2.44% due August 2035 |  | 65,000 |  |  | 418 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 454 |
4.13% due May 2052 |  | 65,000 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 439 |
3.81% due July 2032 |  | 95,000 |  |  | 572 |  |  | 95,000 |  |  | 638 |
5.01% due April 2033 |  | 130,000 |  |  | 682 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.47% due July 2053 |  | 55,000 |  |  | 296 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,253,198 |  |  | (7,682) |  |  | 1,068,198 |  |  | (8,677) |
Less current maturities |  | 80,000 |  |  | 53 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,173,198 |  |  | (7,735) |  |  | 1,068,198 |  |  | (8,677) |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021

|  | December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net
|  | (In thousands)
PNMR Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNMR 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan due May 2025 |  | 500,000 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 388 |
PNMR 2023 Term Loan due June 2026 |  | 500,000 |  |  | 735 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 388 |
Less current maturities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 849 |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 388 |
Total Consolidated PNMR Debt |  | 4,525,743 |  |  | 3,932 |  |  | 4,077,543 |  |  | 156 |
Less current maturities |  | 280,529 |  |  | 360 |  |  | 185,000 |  |  | 207 |
|  | $ | 4,245,214 |  |  | $ | 3,572 |  |  | $ | 3,892,543 |  |  | $ | (51) |

Reflecting mandatory tender dates, long-term debt maturities as of December 31, 2023, are follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
2024 | $ | — |  |  | $ | 200,529 |  |  | $ | 80,000 |  |  | $ | 280,529 |
2025 | 500,000 |  |  | 360,907 |  |  | — |  |  | 860,907 |
2026 | 500,000 |  |  | 107,648 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 667,648 |
2027 | — |  |  | 7,721 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 67,721 |
2028 | — |  |  | 241,162 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 301,162 |
Thereafter | — |  |  | 1,354,578 |  |  | 993,198 |  |  | 2,347,776 |
Total | $ | 1,000,000 |  |  | $ | 2,272,545 |  |  | $ | 1,253,198 |  |  | $ | 4,525,743 |

(8)Lease Commitments
The Company enters into various lease agreements to meet its business needs and to satisfy the needs of its customers. The Company accounts for contracts that convey the use and control of identified assets for a period of time as leases. The Company classifies leases as operating or financing by evaluating the terms of the lease agreement. Agreements under which the Company is likely to utilize substantially all of the economic value or life of the asset or that the Company is likely to own at the end of the lease term, either through purchase or transfer of ownership, are classified as financing leases. Leases not meeting these criteria are accounted for as operating leases. Agreements under which the Company is a lessor are insignificant. PNMR, PNM, and TNMP determine present value for their leases using their incremental borrowing rates at the commencement date of the lease or, when readily available, the rate implicit in the agreement. The Company leases office buildings, vehicles, battery storage facilities, and other equipment. In addition, PNM had lease interests in PVNGS and certain rights-of-way agreements that were or are classified as leases. All of the Company’s leases with terms in excess of one year are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets by recording a present value lease liability and a corresponding right-of-use asset. Operating lease expense is recognized within operating expenses according to the use of the asset on a straight-line basis. Financing lease costs, which are comprised primarily of fleet and office equipment leases commencing after January 1, 2019, are recognized by amortizing the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis and by recording interest expense on the lease liability. Financing lease right-of-use assets amortization is reflected in depreciation and amortization and interest on financing lease liabilities is reflected as interest charges on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
PVNGS
In 1985 and 1986, PNM entered into leases for its interest in PVNGS Unit 1 and 2. The leases initially were scheduled to expire in January 2015 for four Unit 1 leases and January 2016 for four Unit 2 leases. Following procedures set forth in the PVNGS leases, PNM notified four of the lessors under the Unit 1 leases and one lessor under the Unit 2 lease that it would elect to renew those leases on the expiration date of the original leases. The four Unit 1 leases expired in January 2023 and the one Unit 2 lease expired in January 2024. The annual lease payments during the renewal periods aggregated $0.8 million on the
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
PVNGS Unit 2 lease that terminated in January 2024. PNM will cease depreciation and as authorized by the NMPRC create a regulatory asset for the associated remaining undepreciated investments.
On April 5, 2021, PNM and SRP entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement, pursuant to which PNM agreed to sell to SRP certain PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel necessary to the ongoing operation and maintenance of leased capacity in PVNGS Unit 1 and Unit 2. In January 2023, the Unit 1 leases expired, and PNM closed on the associated sale to SRP, receiving payments of $33.7 million, of which $28.4 million was recorded as a reduction to Net utility plant on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from investing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In addition, $5.3 million was recorded as a reduction to materials, supplies, and fuel stock on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from operating activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In January 2024, the Unit 2 leases expired, and PNM closed on the associated sale to SRP, receiving payments of $3.5 million, of which $3.0 million was related to net utility plant and $0.5 million was related to materials and supplies. See Notes 16 and 17 for information on other PVNGS matters including NMPRC authorization to create regulatory assets for the associated remaining undepreciated investments and the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application.
Land Easements and Rights-of-Ways
Many of PNM’s electric transmission and distribution facilities are located on lands that require the grant of rights-of-way from governmental entities, Native American tribes, or private parties. PNM has completed several renewals of rights-of-way, the largest of which is a renewal with the Navajo Nation. PNM is obligated to pay the Navajo Nation annual payments of $6.0 million, subject to adjustment each year based on the Consumer Price Index, through 2029. PNM’s April 2023 payment for the amount due under the Navajo Nation right-of-way lease was $8.3 million, which included amounts due under the Consumer Price Index adjustment. Changes in the Consumer Price Index subsequent to January 1, 2019, are considered variable lease payments.
PNM has other prepaid rights-of-way agreements that are not accounted for as leases or recognized as a component of plant in service. PNM reflects the unamortized balance of these prepayments in other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes amortization expense associated with these agreements in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings over their term. As of December 31, 2023 and 2022, the unamortized balance of these rights-of-ways was $56.2 million and $54.6 million. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, PNM recognized amortization expense associated with these agreements of $3.5 million, $3.8 million, and $3.7 million.
Fleet Vehicles and Equipment
Fleet vehicle and equipment leases commencing on or after January 1, 2019, are classified as financing leases. Fleet vehicle and equipment leases existing as of December 31, 2018, are classified as operating leases. The Company’s fleet vehicle and equipment lease agreements include non-lease components for insignificant administrative and other costs that are billed over the life of the agreement. At December 31, 2023, residual value guarantees on fleet vehicle and equipment leases are $0.8 million, $1.0 million, and $1.8 million for PNM, TNMP, and PNMR Consolidated.
Battery Storage Agreements
The Company has entered into various battery storage agreements and, in the third quarter of 2023, two battery storage facilities with an aggregate capacity of 170 MW began commercial operation. The agreements are for 20-year terms and have fixed payments over the life of the agreements. The Company has accounted for the agreements as operating leases and initially recorded lease liabilities with corresponding right-of-use assets of $138.0 million. In addition, the Company has elected to separate lease components from non-lease components for battery storage agreements and accordingly, does not include non-lease components in the measurement of the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The non-lease components, currently not included in the measurement of the lease liability or the corresponding right-of-use asset, comprise of 25.5% of the value of the agreements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Information related to the Company’s operating leases recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is presented below:

| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease assets, net of amortization | $ | 180,370 |  |  | $ | 1,814 |  |  | $ | 182,201 |  |  | $ | 52,556 |  |  | $ | 3,426 |  |  | $ | 55,982 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 11,371 |  |  | 895 |  |  | 12,267 |  |  | 17,239 |  |  | 1,543 |  |  | 18,781 |
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities | 166,191 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 167,000 |  |  | 39,633 |  |  | 1,703 |  |  | 41,336 |

As discussed above, the Company classifies its fleet vehicle and equipment leases and its office equipment leases commencing on or after January 1, 2019, as financing leases. Information related to the Company’s financing leases recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is presented below:

| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Financing leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-utility property | $ | 25,425 |  |  | $ | 24,487 |  |  | $ | 49,981 |  |  | $ | 19,324 |  |  | $ | 20,084 |  |  | $ | 39,738 |
Accumulated depreciation | (11,984) |  |  | (11,869) |  |  | (23,905) |  |  | (7,726) |  |  | (8,202) |  |  | (16,189) |
Non-utility property, net | $ | 13,441 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 26,076 |  |  | $ | 11,598 |  |  | $ | 11,882 |  |  | $ | 23,549 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 4,146 |  |  | $ | 4,616 |  |  | $ | 8,776 |  |  | $ | 3,441 |  |  | $ | 3,867 |  |  | $ | 7,363 |
Other deferred credits | 9,300 |  |  | 8,023 |  |  | 17,326 |  |  | 8,079 |  |  | 8,028 |  |  | 16,123 |

Information concerning the weighted average remaining lease terms and the weighted average discount rates used to determine the Company’s lease liabilities is presented below:

| December 31, 2023 |  | December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
Weighted average remaining lease term (years): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 16.79 |  | 1.65 |  | 16.65 |  | 6.74 |  | 2.16 |  | 6.48
Financing leases | 3.81 |  | 3.08 |  | 3.45 |  | 3.99 |  | 3.39 |  | 3.68
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 5.61 | % |  | 4.16 | % |  | 5.60 | % |  | 4.01 | % |  | 3.94 | % |  | 4.00 | %
Financing leases | 4.54 |  |  | 4.63 |  |  | 4.58 |  |  | 3.36 |  |  | 3.53 |  |  | 3.44 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Information for the components of lease expense is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Battery storage leases | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,351 |
Other operating leases | 11,127 |  |  | 1,479 |  |  | 12,606 |
Amounts capitalized | (374) |  |  | (1,298) |  |  | (1,672) |
Total operating lease expense | 15,104 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 15,285 |
Financing lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 4,566 |  |  | 4,634 |  |  | 9,253 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 562 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 1,060 |
Amounts capitalized | (3,190) |  |  | (4,250) |  |  | (7,440) |
Total financing lease expense | 1,938 |  |  | 881 |  |  | 2,873 |
Variable lease expense | 1,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,342 |
Short-term lease expense | 675 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 782 |
Total lease expense for the period | $ | 19,059 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 20,282 |

| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating lease cost | $ | 26,764 |  |  | $ | 2,020 |  |  | $ | 28,835 |
Amounts capitalized | (690) |  |  | (1,728) |  |  | (2,417) |
Total operating lease expense | 26,074 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 26,418 |
Financing lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 3,175 |  |  | 3,279 |  |  | 6,529 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 327 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 659 |
Amounts capitalized | (2,264) |  |  | (3,208) |  |  | (5,471) |
Total financing lease expense | 1,238 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 1,717 |
Variable lease expense | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | 890 |
Short-term lease expense (1) | 3,058 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3,109 |
Total lease expense for the period | $ | 31,260 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 32,134 |

(1) Includes expense of $2.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 for rental of temporary cooling towers associated with the SJGS Unit 1 outage. These amounts are partially offset with insurance reimbursements of $2.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s leases is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 21,575 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 21,685 |  |  | $ | 25,687 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 25,984 |
Operating cash flows from financing leases | 183 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 256 |  |  | 96 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 141 |
Financing cash flows from financing leases | 1,671 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 2,527 |  |  | 1,123 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 1,711 |
Non-cash information related to right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 138,204 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 138,210 |  |  | $ | 2,924 |  |  | $ | 179 |  |  | $ | 3,103 |
Financing leases | 6,421 |  |  | 5,407 |  |  | 11,828 |  |  | 4,205 |  |  | 4,061 |  |  | 8,266 |

Capitalized lease costs are reflected as investing activities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the twelve months ended December 31, 2023 and 2022.
Future expected lease payments are shown below:

| As of December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | PNMR Consolidated
|  |  | Operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Operating
| Financing |  | Battery Storage |  | Other |  | Financing |  | Operating |  | Financing |  | Battery Storage |  | Other
| (In thousands)
2024 | $ | 4,649 |  |  | $ | 11,786 |  |  | $ | 8,046 |  |  | $ | 5,083 |  |  | $ | 945 |  |  | $ | 9,746 |  |  | $ | 11,786 |  |  | $ | 8,991 |
2025 | 3,605 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,087 |  |  | 3,991 |  |  | 770 |  |  | 7,598 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,857 |
2026 | 3,089 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,025 |  |  | 2,781 |  |  | 76 |  |  | 5,870 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,101 |
2027 | 1,859 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,029 |  |  | 1,381 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,240 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,029 |
2028 | 889 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,032 |  |  | 310 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,199 |  |  | 11,786 |  |  | 7,032 |
Later years | 614 |  |  | 172,254 |  |  | 10,587 |  |  | 37 |  |  | — |  |  | 651 |  |  | 172,254 |  |  | 10,587 |
Total minimum lease payments | 14,705 |  |  | 231,184 |  |  | 46,806 |  |  | 13,583 |  |  | 1,791 |  |  | 28,304 |  |  | 231,184 |  |  | 48,597 |
Less: Imputed interest | 1,259 |  |  | 94,563 |  |  | 5,865 |  |  | 944 |  |  | 87 |  |  | 2,202 |  |  | 94,563 |  |  | 5,951 |
Lease liabilities | $ | 13,446 |  |  | $ | 136,621 |  |  | $ | 40,941 |  |  | $ | 12,639 |  |  | $ | 1,704 |  |  | $ | 26,102 |  |  | $ | 136,621 |  |  | $ | 42,646 |

The above table includes $12.6 million, $12.3 million, and $24.9 million for PNM, TNMP, and PNMR at December 31, 2023 for expected future payments on fleet vehicle and equipment leases that could be avoided if the leased assets were returned and the lessor is able to recover estimated market value for the equipment from third parties. The Company’s contractual commitments for leases that have not yet commenced are insignificant.
At December 31, 2023, the Company has various lease arrangements that have been executed but have not yet commenced, which are primarily related to battery storage agreements. The Company currently expects lease commencement dates in 2024, with lease terms expiring in 2044, and will recognize lease assets and liabilities upon lease commencement. The expected total fixed consideration to be paid for these arrangements, which includes non-lease payments, is approximately $961.0 million over the 20-year terms of the agreements.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(9)Fair Value of Derivative and Other Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value is based on current market quotes as available and is supplemented by modeling techniques and assumptions made by the Company to the extent quoted market prices or volatilities are not available. External pricing input availability varies based on commodity location, market liquidity, and term of the agreement. Valuations of derivative assets and liabilities take into account nonperformance risk, including the effect of counterparties’ and the Company’s credit risk. The Company regularly assesses the validity and availability of pricing data for its derivative transactions. Although the Company uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of these instruments, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.
Energy Related Derivative Contracts
Overview
The primary objective for the use of commodity derivative instruments, including energy contracts, options, swaps, and futures, is to manage price risk associated with forecasted purchases of energy and fuel used to generate electricity, as well as managing anticipated generation capacity in excess of forecasted demand from existing customers. PNM’s energy related derivative contracts manage commodity risk. PNM is required to meet the demand and energy needs of its customers. PNM is exposed to market risk for the needs of its customers not covered under the FPPAC.
In 2021, PNM entered into three agreements to purchase power from third parties at a fixed price in order to ensure that customer demand during the 2022 summer peak load period was met. Two of the agreements, the purchase of 85 MW from June through September 2022 and the purchase of 40 MW for the full year of 2022, were not considered derivatives because there were no notional amounts due to the unit-contingent nature of the agreements. The third agreement for the purchase of 150 MW firm power in June and September 2022 met the definition of an economic hedge described below and was accounted for accordingly. PNM entered into several agreements to purchase power from third parties in order to ensure that customer demand during the 2023 summer peak load was met. Agreements for purchases totaling 85 MW from June 1, 2023 through September 30, 2023 were not considered derivatives because there was either no notional amount due to their unit-contingent nature or qualified for a normal purchase, normal sale scope exception. Agreements totaling 375 MW were accounted for as derivative agreements and are considered economic hedges. For additional information related to 2023 summer peak resource adequacy, see Note 17.
PNM was exposed to market risk for its 65 MW interest in SJGS Unit 4, which was held as merchant plant as ordered by the NMPRC from January 1, 2018 until September 30, 2022. PNM entered into agreements to sell power from 36 MW of that capacity to a third party at a fixed price for the period January 1, 2018 through June 30, 2022, subject to certain conditions. Under these agreements, PNM was obligated to deliver 36 MW of power only when SJGS Unit 4 was operating. In May 2022, PNM executed a new agreement to sell 50 MW of that capacity to a third party for the period from July 1, 2022 through September 30, 2022 on a system-contingent basis. These agreements were not considered derivatives because there was no notional amount due to the unit-contingent nature of the transactions.
PNM and Tri-State had a hazard sharing agreement that expired in May 2022. Under this agreement, each party sold the other party 100 MW of capacity and energy from a designated generation resource on a unit contingent basis, subject to certain performance guarantees. The agreement was accounted for as a commodity derivative. In May 2022, PNM and Tri-State entered into another hazard sharing agreement that existed on a unit contingent basis through September 30, 2022, however this agreement did not include a performance guarantee. As a result, this agreement was not considered a derivative. Both the purchases and sales are made at the same market index price. This agreement served to reduce the magnitude of each party’s single largest generating hazard and assist in enhancing the reliability and efficiency of their respective operations. PNM passed the sales and purchases through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC.
PNM’s operations are managed primarily through a net asset-backed strategy, whereby PNM’s aggregate net open forward contract position is covered by its forecasted excess generation capabilities or market purchases. PNM could be exposed to market risk if its generation capabilities were to be disrupted or if its load requirements were to be greater than anticipated. If all or a portion of load requirements were required to be covered as a result of such unexpected situations, commitments would have to be met through market purchases. TNMP does not enter into energy related derivative contracts.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Commodity Risk
Marketing and procurement of energy often involve market risks associated with managing energy commodities and establishing positions in the energy markets, primarily on a short-term basis. PNM routinely enters into various derivative instruments such as forward contracts, option agreements, and price basis swap agreements to economically hedge price and volume risk on power commitments and fuel requirements and to minimize the effect of market fluctuations. PNM monitors the market risk of its commodity contracts in accordance with approved risk and credit policies.
Accounting for Derivatives
Under derivative accounting and related rules for energy contracts, PNM accounts for its various instruments for the purchase and sale of energy, which meet the definition of a derivative, based on PNM’s intent. During the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, PNM was not hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows from commodity derivatives through designated cash flow hedges. The derivative contracts recorded at fair value that do not qualify or are not designated for cash flow hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power agreements, used to economically hedge generation assets, purchased power and fuel costs, and customer load requirements. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in results of operations and are classified between operating revenues and cost of energy according to the intent of the hedge. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC. Changes in the fair value of instruments covered by its FPPAC are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities. PNM has no trading transactions.
Commodity Derivatives
PNM’s commodity derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value, all of which are accounted for as economic hedges and considered Level 2 fair value measurements, are presented in the following line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| Economic Hedges
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Other current assets | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 9,780 |
Other current liabilities | — |  |  | (19,209) |
Net | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | (9,429) |

Certain of PNM’s commodity derivative instruments in the above table are subject to master netting agreements whereby assets and liabilities could be offset in the settlement process. PNM does not offset fair value and cash collateral for derivative instruments under master netting arrangements and the above table reflects the gross amounts of fair value assets and liabilities for commodity derivatives. Included in the table above are equal amounts of current assets and current liabilities aggregating zero at December 31, 2022 resulting from PNM’s hazard sharing arrangements with Tri-State that ended May 2022. The hazard sharing arrangements were net-settled upon delivery. As discussed above, PNM’s most recent hazard sharing agreement with Tri-State was not considered a derivative.
As discussed above, PNM has NMPRC-approved guidelines for hedging arrangements to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC. The table above includes $0.8 million in current assets and zero of current liabilities related to these arrangements at December 31, 2023 and $9.8 million in current assets and $19.2 million of current liabilities at December 31, 2022 with changes in fair value recorded as regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities. See Note 13.
At December 31, 2023 and 2022, PNM had no amounts recognized for the legal right to reclaim cash collateral. However, amounts posted as cash collateral under margin arrangements were $0.2 million at December 31, 2023 and $10.5 million at December 31, 2022. These amounts are included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2023 and December 31, 2022, obligations to return cash collateral were $0.2 million, which is included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The changes in the fair value of commodity derivative instruments that are considered economic hedges had no impact on PNM’s net earnings during the years ended December 31, 2023 and 2022. Commodity derivatives also had no impact on
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
OCI for the periods presented. Commodity contract volume positions are presented in MMBTU for gas related contracts and in MWh for power related contracts. The table below presents PNM’s net buy (sell) volume positions:

| Economic Hedges |  |
| MMBTU |  | MWh |  |
December 31, 2023 | — |  | (15,360) |  |
December 31, 2022 | — |  | 432,200 |  |

PNM has contingent requirements to provide collateral under commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral provision that are in net liability positions and are not fully collateralized with cash. In connection with managing its commodity risks, PNM enters into master agreements with certain counterparties. If PNM is in a net liability position under an agreement, some agreements provide that the counterparties can request collateral if PNM’s credit rating is downgraded; other agreements provide that the counterparty may request collateral to provide it with “adequate assurance” that PNM will perform; and others have no provision for collateral.
The table below presents information about PNM’s contingent requirement to provide collateral under certain commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral position, that are in net liability positions, and that are not fully collateralized with cash. Contractual liability represents those commodity derivative contracts recorded at fair value on the balance sheet, determined on an individual contract basis without offsetting amounts for individual contracts that are in an asset position and could be offset under master netting agreements with the same counterparty. Cash collateral posted under these contracts does not reflect letters of credit under the Company’s revolving credit facilities that may have been issued as collateral. Net exposure is the net contractual liability for all contracts, including those designated as normal purchase and normal sale, offset by existing collateral and by any offsets available under master netting agreements, including both assets and liability positions.

Contingent Feature - Credit Rating |  | Contractual Liability |  | Existing Cash Collateral |  | Net Exposure
|  | (In thousands)
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
December 31, 2022 |  | $ | 15,288 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,087 |

Non-Derivative Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for cash, receivables, and payables due to the short period of maturity. Investment securities are carried at fair value. Investment securities consist of PNM assets held in the NDT for its share of decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines serving SJGS and Four Corners. See Note 16. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, the fair value of investment securities included $361.0 million and $325.3 million for the NDT, $12.3 million and $14.7 million for the SJGS decommissioning trust, and $71.1 million and $77.5 million for the coal mine reclamation trusts.
PNM records a realized loss as an impairment for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company has no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeds fair value and there are no impairments considered to be “other than temporary” that are included in AOCI and not recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Gains and losses recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to investment securities in the NDT and reclamation trusts are presented in the following table:

|  | Year ended December 31,
|  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  | (In thousands)
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) from equity securities sold |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | (6,940) |  |  | $ | 8,738 |
Net gains (losses) from equity securities still held |  | 14,152 |  |  | (38,025) |  |  | (442) |
Total net gains (losses) on equity securities |  | 15,238 |  |  | (44,965) |  |  | 8,296 |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on debt securities |  | 4,008 |  |  | (33,392) |  |  | 8,554 |
Net gains (losses) on investment securities |  | $ | 19,246 |  |  | $ | (78,357) |  |  | $ | 16,850 |

The proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on the disposition of securities held in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts are shown in the following table. Realized gains and losses are determined by specific identification of costs of securities sold.
Gross realized losses shown below exclude the (increase)/decrease in realized impairment losses of $19.1 million, $(25.8) million, and $0.7 million for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021.

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Proceeds from sales | $ | 574,199 |  |  | $ | 526,448 |  |  | $ | 459,867 |
Gross realized gains | $ | 18,618 |  |  | $ | 22,071 |  |  | $ | 39,408 |
Gross realized (losses) | $ | (32,649) |  |  | $ | (36,623) |  |  | $ | (22,815) |

At December 31, 2023, the available-for-sale debt securities held by PNM, had the following final maturities:

| Fair Value |  |  |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Within 1 year | $ | 40,573 |  |  |  |  |
After 1 year through 5 years | 55,423 |  |  |  |  |
After 5 years through 10 years | 51,825 |  |  |  |  |
After 10 years through 15 years | 16,400 |  |  |  |  |
After 15 years through 20 years | 9,775 |  |  |  |  |
After 20 years | 36,828 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 210,824 |  |  |  |  |

Fair Value Disclosures
The Company determines the fair values of its derivative and other financial instruments based on the hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.
For investment securities, Level 2 and Level 3 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For Level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominantly uses the market approach using bid side market values based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to net asset value. For commodity derivatives, Level 2 fair values are determined based on market observable inputs, which are validated using multiple broker quotes, including forward price, volatility, and interest rate curves to establish expectations of future prices. Credit valuation adjustments are made for estimated credit losses based on the overall
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
exposure to each counterparty. For the Company’s long-term debt, Level 2 fair values are provided by an external pricing service. The pricing service primarily utilizes quoted prices for similar debt in active markets when determining fair value. The valuation of Level 3 investments, when applicable, requires significant judgment by the pricing provider due to the absence of quoted market values, changes in market conditions, and the long-term nature of the assets. The Company has no Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023 and 2022. Management of the Company independently verifies the information provided by pricing services.
Items recorded at fair value by PNM on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below by level of the fair value hierarchy along with gross unrealized gains on investments in available-for-sale securities.

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  |  | Unrealized Gains
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 93,873 |  |  | $ | 93,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 77,422 |  |  | 77,422 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 4,323 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 3,819 |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 57,966 |  |  | 57,966 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 35,113 |  |  | 34,522 |  |  | 591 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,055 |
International government | 8,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,735 |  |  |  |  | 104 |
Municipals | 53,436 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,436 |  |  |  |  | 2,872 |
Corporate and other | 113,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,540 |  |  |  |  | 9,285 |
| $ | 444,408 |  |  | $ | 264,287 |  |  | $ | 180,121 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,316 |

December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 66,843 |  |  | $ | 66,843 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 40,103 |  |  | 40,103 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 5,191 |  |  | 790 |  |  | 4,401 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 66,359 |  |  | 66,359 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 45,905 |  |  | 45,645 |  |  | 260 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1,334 |  |  |
International government | 9,762 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,762 |  |  |  |  | 1,117 |  |  |
Municipals | 43,136 |  |  | — |  |  | 43,136 |  |  |  |  | 1,062 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 140,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 140,177 |  |  |  |  | 6,473 |  |  |
| $ | 417,476 |  |  | $ | 219,740 |  |  | $ | 197,736 |  |  |  |  | $ | 9,986 |  |  |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The carrying amounts and fair values of long-term debt, all of which are considered Level 2 fair value measurements and are not recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below:

| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2023 | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
PNMR | $ | 4,521,811 |  |  | $ | 4,260,509 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM | $ | 2,261,780 |  |  | $ | 2,107,588 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP | $ | 1,260,880 |  |  | $ | 1,152,922 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNMR | $ | 4,077,387 |  |  | $ | 3,726,195 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM | $ | 2,000,900 |  |  | $ | 1,789,186 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP | $ | 1,076,875 |  |  | $ | 937,009 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s other investments presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are not material and not shown in the above table.
Investments Held by Employee Benefit Plans
As discussed in Note 11, PNM and TNMP have trusts that hold investment assets for their pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The fair value of the assets held by the trusts impacts the determination of the funded status of each plan, but the assets are not reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Both the PNM Pension Plan and the TNMP Pension Plan hold units of participation in the PNM Resources, Inc. Master Trust (the “PNMR Master Trust”), which was established for the investment of assets of the pension plans. The PNM Pension Plan’s investment allocation targets in 2023 consist of 35% equities, 15% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 50% fixed income. The TNMP Pension Plan’s investment allocation targets in 2023 consist of 16% equities, 14% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 70% fixed income.
GAAP provides a practical expedient that allows the net asset value per share to be used as fair value for investments in certain entities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are considered to be investment companies. Fair values for alternative investments held by the PNMR Master Trust and PNM OPEB Plan are valued using this practical expedient. Investments for which fair value is measured using that practical expedient are not required to be categorized within the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 and Level 3 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominately uses the market approach using bid side market value based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to net asset value as of year-end. Fair value prices for Level 2 corporate term loans predominately use the market approach which uses bid side market values based upon hierarchy information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Alternative investments include private equity funds, hedge funds, real estate funds, and a private collective investment trust. The private equity funds are not voluntarily redeemable. These investments are realized through periodic distributions occurring over a 10 to 15 years term after the initial investment. The real estate funds and hedge funds may be voluntarily redeemed but are subject to redemption provisions that may result in the funds not being redeemable in the near term. The private collective investment trust is a non-unitized fund that does not publish daily prices. Audited financial statements are received for each fund and are reviewed by the Company annually.
The valuation of alternative investments requires significant judgment by the pricing provider due to the absence of quoted market values, changes in market conditions, and the long-term nature of the assets. The significant unobservable inputs include estimates of liquidation value, current operating performance, and future expectations of performance. Neither of the employee benefit plans nor the PNMR Master Trust have any Level 3 investments as of December 31, 2023 or 2022.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The fair values of investments held by the employee benefit plans are as follows:

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |
December 31, 2023 | (In thousands)
PNM Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 342,296 |  |  | $ | 136,474 |  |  | $ | 205,822 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 65,421 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 407,717 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 35,870 |  |  | $ | 12,192 |  |  | $ | 23,678 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 5,258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 41,128 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 47,674 |  |  | 43,703 |  |  | 3,971 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 50,093 |  |  | $ | 46,122 |  |  | $ | 3,971 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 23,290 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 73,383 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 8,241 |  |  | 7,806 |  |  | 435 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 8,403 |  |  | $ | 7,968 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  |

December 31, 2022 |
PNM Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 342,183 |  |  | $ | 143,911 |  |  | $ | 198,272 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 67,787 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 409,970 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 38,617 |  |  | $ | 13,556 |  |  | $ | 25,061 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 5,433 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 44,050 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | 1,703 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 69,001 |  |  | 42,068 |  |  | 26,933 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 70,704 |  |  | $ | 43,771 |  |  | $ | 26,933 |  |  |
TNMP OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | 149 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 8,573 |  |  | 8,018 |  |  | 555 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 8,722 |  |  | $ | 8,167 |  |  | $ | 555 |  |  |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The fair values of investments in the PNMR Master Trust are as follows:

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |
December 31, 2023 | (In thousands)
PNMR Master Trust |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,995 |  |  | $ | 13,995 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 27,167 |  |  | 27,167 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 741 |  |  | 741 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 159,281 |  |  | 49,219 |  |  | 110,062 |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 61,684 |  |  | 57,544 |  |  | 4,140 |  |  |
International government | 4,713 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,713 |  |  |
Municipals | 5,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,071 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 105,514 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,514 |  |  |
Total investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | 378,166 |  |  | $ | 148,666 |  |  | $ | 229,500 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity funds | 5,617 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge funds | 35,137 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate funds | 29,925 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 448,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2022 |
PNMR Master Trust |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 17,106 |  |  | $ | 17,106 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 53,661 |  |  | 53,661 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 639 |  |  | 639 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 135,200 |  |  | 27,412 |  |  | 107,788 |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 62,637 |  |  | 58,649 |  |  | 3,988 |  |  |
International government | 3,318 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,318 |  |  |
Municipals | 4,922 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,922 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 103,317 |  |  | — |  |  | 103,317 |  |  |
Total investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | 380,800 |  |  | $ | 157,467 |  |  | $ | 223,333 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity funds | 6,691 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge funds | 33,258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate funds | 33,271 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 454,020 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(10)Variable Interest Entities
How an enterprise evaluates and accounts for its involvement with variable interest entities, focuses primarily on whether the enterprise has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This evaluation requires continual reassessment of the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
Valencia
PNM has a PPA to purchase all of the electric capacity and energy from Valencia, a 155 MW natural gas-fired power plant near Belen, New Mexico, through May 2028. A third party built, owns, and operates the facility while PNM is the sole purchaser of the electricity generated. PNM is obligated to pay fixed operation and maintenance and capacity charges in
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
addition to variable operation and maintenance charges under this PPA. For the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021, PNM paid $20.3 million, $19.5 million, and $19.8 million for fixed charges and $5.2 million, $1.9 million, and $1.9 million for variable charges. PNM does not have any other financial obligations related to Valencia. The assets of Valencia can only be used to satisfy its obligations and creditors of Valencia do not have any recourse against PNM’s assets. During the term of the PPA, PNM has the option, under certain conditions, to purchase and own up to 50% of the plant or the VIE. The PPA specifies that the purchase price would be the greater of 50% of book value reduced by related indebtedness or 50% of fair market value.
PNM sources fuel for the plant, controls when the facility operates through its dispatch, and receives the entire output of the plant, which factors directly and significantly impact the economic performance of Valencia. Therefore, PNM has concluded that the third-party entity that owns Valencia is a VIE and that PNM is the primary beneficiary of the entity since PNM has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Valencia and will absorb the majority of the variability in the cash flows of the plant. As the primary beneficiary, PNM consolidates Valencia in its financial statements. Accordingly, the assets, liabilities, operating expenses, and cash flows of Valencia are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of PNM although PNM has no legal ownership interest or voting control of the VIE. The assets and liabilities of Valencia are set forth below and are not shown separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The owner’s equity and net income of Valencia are considered attributable to non-controlling interest.
Summarized financial information for Valencia is as follows:

Results of Operations
| Year Ended December 31
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Operating revenues | $ | 25,421 |  |  | $ | 21,403 |  |  | $ | 21,624 |
Operating expenses | 6,896 |  |  | 6,281 |  |  | 6,134 |
Other Misc (Income)/Expense | (8) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | $ | 18,533 |  |  | $ | 15,122 |  |  | $ | 15,490 |

Financial Position
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Current assets | $ | 3,422 |  |  | $ | 3,429 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 47,253 |  |  | 50,094 |
Total assets | 50,675 |  |  | 53,523 |
Current liabilities | 717 |  |  | 529 |
Owners’ equity – non-controlling interest | $ | 49,958 |  |  | $ | 52,994 |

Westmoreland San Juan Mining, LLC
As discussed in the subheading Coal Supply in Note 16, PNM purchased coal for SJGS under the SJGS CSA. PNM and Westmoreland also entered into agreements under which CCR disposal and mine reclamation services for SJGS would be provided. On March 15, 2019, Westmoreland emerged from Chapter 11 bankruptcy as a privately held company owned and operated by a group of its former creditors. Under the reorganization, the assets of SJCC were sold to Westmoreland San Juan Mining, LLC (“WSJ LLC”), a subsidiary of Westmoreland Mining Holdings, LLC. As successor entity to SJCC, WSJ LLC assumed all rights and obligations of SJCC including obligations to PNM under the SJGS CSA and to PNMR under letter of credit support agreements. See Note 16.
PNMR issued $30.3 million in letters of credit to facilitate the issuance of reclamation bonds required in order for SJCC to mine coal to be supplied to SJGS. As discussed above, WSJ LLC assumed the rights and obligations of SJCC, including obligations to PNMR for the letters of credit. The letters of credit support results in PNMR having a variable interest in WSJ LLC since PNMR is subject to possible loss in the event performance by PNMR is required under the letters of credit support. PNMR considers the possibility of loss under the letters of credit support to be remote since the purpose of posting the bonds is to provide assurance that WSJ LLC performs the required reclamation of the mine site in accordance with applicable regulations and the reclamation services agreement provides WSJ LLC the ability to recover the cost of reclamation.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Additionally, much of the mine reclamation activities are being performed after the SJGS CSA expired on September 30, 2022. As discussed in Note 16, each of the SJGS participants has established and actively fund trusts to meet future reclamation obligations.
WSJ LLC is considered a VIE. PNMR’s analysis of its arrangements with WSJ LLC concluded that WSJ LLC had the ability to direct its mining operations and reclamation services, which are the factors that most significantly impact the economic performance of WSJ LLC. Other than PNM being able to ensure that coal was supplied in adequate quantities and of sufficient quality to provide the fuel necessary to operate SJGS in a normal manner and monitoring of reclamation activities, the mining operations and reclamation services were solely under the control of WSJ LLC, including developing mining and reclamation plans, hiring of personnel, and incurring operating and maintenance expenses. Neither PNMR nor PNM had any ability to direct or influence the mining operation or reclamation activities. PNM’s involvement through the SJGS CSA and the reclamation services agreement is a protective right rather than a participating right and WSJ LLC still has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of WSJ LLC. The SJGS CSA required WSJ LLC to deliver coal to fuel SJGS in exchange for payment of a set price per ton, which escalated over time for inflation. The reclamation services agreement requires WSJ LLC to perform reclamation services at a base price per activity, which escalates over time for inflation. If WSJ LLC had been able to mine or perform reclamation services more efficiently than anticipated, its economic performance would improve. Conversely, if WSJ LLC had not been able to mine or does not perform reclamation services as efficiently as anticipated, its economic performance would be negatively impacted. Accordingly, PNMR believes WSJ LLC is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, WSJ LLC is not consolidated by either PNMR or PNM. The amounts outstanding under the letters of credit support continue to be PNMR’s maximum exposure to loss from the VIE at December 31, 2023.
ETBC I
In April 2020, the NMPRC issued a financing order approving the securitization of certain costs related to the retirement of SJGS. The financing order also authorized PNM to form ETBC I. ETBC I is a wholly-owned, special purpose, subsidiary of PNM that was formed in August 2023 for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities. On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued Securitized Bonds and used the proceeds to purchase energy transition property from PNM. The energy transition property purchased includes the right to impose, bill, collect, and adjust a non-bypassable energy transition charge from all PNM retail customers until the Securitized Bonds are paid in full and all allowed financing costs have been recovered. The Securitized bonds are secured by the energy transition property and cash collections from the energy transition charges are the sole source of funds to satisfy the debt obligation. The bondholders have no recourse to PNM.
PNM acts as the servicer of the energy transition property on behalf of ETBC I and is responsible for metering, calculating, billing, and collecting the Energy Transition Charges. On behalf of ETBC I, PNM is required to remit all collections of the Energy Transition Charges to the trustee for the Securitized Bonds. PNM has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of ETBC I and will absorb the majority of the variability in the cash flows of the entity. As the primary beneficiary, PNM consolidates ETBC I in its financial statements. Accordingly, the assets, liabilities, operating expenses, and cash flows of ETBC I are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of PNM.
The following tables summarize the impact of ETBC I on PNM’s Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Regulatory Assets - Current | 2,724 |
Restricted Cash (included in Other Deferred Charges) | 1,728 |
Securitized Cost (included in Deferred Regulatory Assets) | 340,629 |
Current Installments of Long-Term Debt | 2,529 |
Accrued Interest | 2,502 |
Long-Term Debt | 338,521 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(11)Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
PNMR and its subsidiaries maintain qualified defined benefit pension plans, postretirement benefit plans providing medical and dental benefits, and executive retirement programs (collectively, the “PNM Plans” and “TNMP Plans”). PNMR maintains the legal obligation for the benefits owed to participants under these plans. The periodic costs or income of the PNM Plans and TNMP Plans are included in regulated rates to the extent attributable to regulated operations. PNM and TNMP receive a regulated return on the amounts funded for pension and OPEB plans in excess of the periodic cost or income to the extent included in retail rates (a “prepaid pension asset”).
Participants in the PNM Plans include eligible employees and retirees of PNMR and PNM. Participants in the TNMP Plans include eligible employees and retirees of TNMP. The PNM pension plan was frozen at the end of 1997 with regard to new participants, salary levels, and benefits. Through December 31, 2007, additional credited service could be accrued under the PNM pension plan up to a limit determined by age and service. The TNMP pension plan was frozen at December 31, 2005 with regard to new participants, salary levels, and benefits.
A plan sponsor is required to (a) recognize in its statement of financial position an asset for a plan’s overfunded status or a liability for a plan’s underfunded status; (b) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the employer’s fiscal year; and (c) recognize changes in the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in the year in which the changes occur.
Unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized gains or losses are required to be recorded in AOCI and subsequently amortized. To the extent the amortization of these items will ultimately be recovered or returned through future rates, PNM and TNMP record the costs as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. The amortization of these incurred costs is included as pension and postretirement benefit periodic cost or income in subsequent years.
The Company maintains trust funds for the pension and OPEB plans from which benefits are paid to eligible employees and retirees. The Company’s funding policy is to make contributions to the trusts, as determined by an independent actuary, that comply with minimum guidelines of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and the IRC. Information concerning the fair value of investments is contained in Note 9. The Company has in place a policy that defines the investment objectives, establishes performance goals of asset managers, and provides procedures for the manner in which investments are to be reviewed. The plans implement investment strategies to achieve the following objectives:
•Implement investment strategies commensurate with the risk that the Corporate Investment Committee deems appropriate to meet the obligations of the pension plans and OPEB plans, minimize the volatility of expense, and account for contingencies
•Transition asset mix over the long-term to a higher proportion of high-quality fixed income investments as the plans’ funded statuses improve
Management is responsible for the determination of the asset target mix and the expected rate of return. The target asset allocations are determined based on consultations with external investment advisors. The expected long-term rate of return on pension and postretirement plan assets is calculated on the market-related value of assets. Actual gains and losses on pension and OPEB plan assets are recognized in the market-related value of assets equally over a period of not more than five years, which reduces year-to-year volatility. For the PNM Plans and TNMP Plans, the market-related value of assets is equal to the prior year’s market-related value of assets adjusted for contributions, benefit payments and investment gains and losses that are within a corridor of plus or minus 4.0% around the expected return on market value. Gains and losses that are outside the corridor are amortized over five years.
Pension Plans
For defined benefit pension plans, including the executive retirement plans, the PBO represents the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered prior to that date using assumptions regarding future compensation levels. The ABO represents the PBO without considering future compensation levels. Since the pension plans are frozen, the PBO and ABO are equal.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The following table presents information about the PBO, fair value of plan assets, and funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PBO at beginning of year | $ | 433,645 |  |  | $ | 584,061 |  |  | $ | 43,961 |  |  | $ | 59,609 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 23,653 |  |  | 16,857 |  |  | 2,402 |  |  | 1,720 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | 4,290 |  |  | (118,552) |  |  | 1,261 |  |  | (11,711) |
Benefits paid | (42,931) |  |  | (48,721) |  |  | (5,042) |  |  | (3,403) |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,254) |
PBO at end of year | 418,657 |  |  | 433,645 |  |  | 42,582 |  |  | 43,961 |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 410,463 |  |  | 576,707 |  |  | 43,447 |  |  | 62,942 |
Actual return on plan assets | 39,679 |  |  | (117,523) |  |  | 2,948 |  |  | (13,838) |
Employer contributions | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (42,931) |  |  | (48,721) |  |  | (5,042) |  |  | (3,403) |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,254) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 407,211 |  |  | 410,463 |  |  | 41,353 |  |  | 43,447 |
Funded status – asset (liability) for pension benefits | $ | (11,446) |  |  | $ | (23,182) |  |  | $ | (1,229) |  |  | $ | (514) |

Actuarial (gain) loss results from changes in:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (in thousands)
Discount rates | $ | 8,806 |  |  | $ | (111,478) |  |  | $ | 969 |  |  | $ | (11,697) |
Demographic experience (gain) loss | (1,777) |  |  | (7,074) |  |  | 538 |  |  | (742) |
Mortality rate | (2,739) |  |  | — |  |  | (239) |  |  | — |
Other assumptions and experience | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7) |  |  | 728 |
| $ | 4,290 |  |  | $ | (118,552) |  |  | $ | 1,261 |  |  | $ | (11,711) |

The following table presents pre-tax information about net actuarial (gain) loss in AOCI as of December 31, 2023.

|  |  | PNM |  | TNMP
|  |  | (In thousands)
Amounts in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost (income) at beginning of year |  |  | $ | 110,345 |  |  | $ | — |
Experience (gain) loss |  |  | (6,193) |  |  | 1,005 |
Regulatory asset (liability) adjustment |  |  | 4,629 |  |  | (1,005) |
Amortization recognized in net periodic benefit (income) |  |  | (4,713) |  |  | — |
Amounts in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at end of year |  |  | $ | 104,068 |  |  | $ | — |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (income):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 23,653 |  |  | 16,857 |  |  | 16,143 |
Expected return on plan assets | (29,196) |  |  | (28,563) |  |  | (28,531) |
Amortization of net loss | 10,583 |  |  | 15,794 |  |  | 18,166 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 5,040 |  |  | $ | 4,088 |  |  | $ | 5,778 |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 2,402 |  |  | 1,720 |  |  | 1,741 |
Expected return on plan assets | (2,697) |  |  | (2,472) |  |  | (3,181) |
Amortization of net loss | 439 |  |  | 932 |  |  | 1,247 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement loss | — |  |  | 1,033 |  |  | 746 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 553 |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the PBO and net periodic benefit cost (income). Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the PBO and net periodic benefit cost (income) would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.46 | % |  | 5.74 | % |  | 3.00 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.74 |  |  | 3.00 |  |  | 2.66 |
Expected return on plan assets | 6.30 |  |  | 5.50 |  |  | 5.50 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.47 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 3.01 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.75 |  |  | 3.01 |  |  | 2.69 |
Expected return on plan assets | 5.50 |  |  | 4.40 |  |  | 5.50 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the PBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the PBO. Factors that are considered include, but are not limited to, historic returns on plan assets, current market information on long-term returns (e.g., long-term bond rates) and current and target asset allocations between asset categories. If all other factors were to remain unchanged, a 1% decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would cause PNM’s and TNMP’s 2024 net periodic benefit cost to increase $4.5 million and $0.5 million (analogous changes would result from a 1% increase). The actual rate of return for the PNM and TNMP pension plans was 10.20% and 7.22% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The Company’s long-term pension investment strategy is to invest in assets whose interest rate sensitivity is correlated with the pension liability. The Company uses an investment strategy, known as Liability Driven Investing, that increases the liability matching investments as the funded status of the pension plans improve. The Company’s investment allocation targets consist of 35% equities, 15% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 50% liability matching securities that are primarily bonds and other fixed income investments. Equity investments are primarily in domestic securities that include large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies. The pension plans have a 13% targeted allocation to equities of companies domiciled primarily in developed countries outside of the U.S. The equity investments category includes active and passive managed domestic equity securities that are benchmarked against a variety of style indices. Fixed income investments are primarily corporate bonds of companies from diversified industries and government securities. Alternative investments include investments in hedge funds, real estate funds, and private equity funds. The private equity funds are structured as multi-manager multi-strategy fund of funds to achieve a diversified position in these asset classes. The hedge
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
funds use multi-strategies that pursue various absolute return strategies such as relative value, merger arbitrage, event driven equities, and structured credit. The real estate investments are commingled real estate portfolios that invest in a diversified portfolio of assets including commercial property, infrastructure, storage facilities and multi-family housing. See Note 9 for fair value information concerning assets held by the pension plans.
The following pension benefit payments are expected to be paid:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2024 | $ | 41,797 |  |  | $ | 4,219 |
2025 | 40,901 |  |  | 4,183 |
2026 | 39,447 |  |  | 4,169 |
2027 | 38,563 |  |  | 3,982 |
2028 | 37,245 |  |  | 3,897 |
2029 - 2033 | 167,079 |  |  | 16,789 |

Based on current law, funding requirements, and estimates of portfolio performance, the Company does not expect to make any cash contributions to the pension plans in 2024 through 2027. PNM does not expect to make any cash contribution in 2028. TNMP expects to make a cash contribution of $0.2 million in 2028. The funding assumptions were developed using discount a rate of 5.47%. Actual amounts to be funded in the future will be dependent on the actuarial assumptions at that time, including the appropriate discount rates. PNM and TNMP may make additional contributions at their discretion.
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
For postretirement benefit plans, the APBO is the actuarial present value of all future benefits attributed under the terms of the postretirement benefit plan to employee service rendered to date. The following table presents information about the APBO, the fair value of plan assets, and the funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
APBO at beginning of year | $ | 49,950 |  |  | $ | 66,984 |  |  | $ | 7,705 |  |  | $ | 10,570 |
Service cost | — |  |  | 10 |  |  | 21 |  |  | 38 |
Interest cost | 2,703 |  |  | 1,914 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 307 |
Participant contributions | 1,592 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 219 |
Actuarial (gain) | (1,608) |  |  | (14,829) |  |  | (282) |  |  | (2,788) |
Benefits paid | (6,420) |  |  | (6,396) |  |  | (897) |  |  | (641) |
Curtailment loss | — |  |  | 836 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
APBO at end of year | 46,217 |  |  | 49,950 |  |  | 7,331 |  |  | 7,705 |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 70,301 |  |  | 95,805 |  |  | 8,718 |  |  | 12,593 |
Actual return on plan assets | 7,762 |  |  | (23,156) |  |  | 173 |  |  | (3,453) |
Employer contributions | 157 |  |  | 2,617 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Participant contributions | 1,592 |  |  | 1,431 |  |  | 359 |  |  | 219 |
Benefits paid | (6,420) |  |  | (6,396) |  |  | (897) |  |  | (641) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 73,392 |  |  | 70,301 |  |  | 8,353 |  |  | 8,718 |
Funded status – asset | $ | 27,175 |  |  | $ | 20,351 |  |  | $ | 1,022 |  |  | $ | 1,013 |

As of December 31, 2023, the fair value of plan assets exceeds the APBO for both PNM’s and TNMP’s OPEB Plans and the resulting net asset is presented in other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Actuarial (gain) loss results from changes in:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (in thousands)
Discount rates | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | (11,876) |  |  | $ | 174 |  |  | $ | (2,469) |
Claims, contributions, and demographic experience | (2,171) |  |  | (2,985) |  |  | (423) |  |  | (319) |
Assumed participation rate | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortality rate | (305) |  |  | — |  |  | (33) |  |  | — |
Dental trend assumption | — |  |  | 32 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | (1,608) |  |  | $ | (14,829) |  |  | $ | (282) |  |  | $ | (2,788) |

In the year ended December 31, 2023, actuarial gains of $4.4 million were recorded as adjustments to regulatory assets for the PNM OPEB plan. For the TNMP OPEB plan, actuarial losses of less than $0.1 million were recorded as adjustments to regulatory liabilities.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (income):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 23 |
Interest cost | 2,703 |  |  | 1,914 |  |  | 1,907 |
Expected return on plan assets | (4,969) |  |  | (4,351) |  |  | (4,167) |
Amortization of net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Curtailment loss | $ | — |  |  | $ | 836 |  |  | $ | — |
Net periodic benefit (income) | $ | (2,266) |  |  | $ | (1,591) |  |  | $ | (2,237) |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 38 |  |  | $ | 45 |
Interest cost | 425 |  |  | 307 |  |  | 308 |
Expected return on plan assets | (481) |  |  | (418) |  |  | (407) |
Amortization of net (gain) | (760) |  |  | (520) |  |  | (322) |
Net periodic benefit (income) | $ | (795) |  |  | $ | (593) |  |  | $ | (376) |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the APBO and net periodic benefit cost. Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the APBO and net periodic benefit cost would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Discount rate for determining December 31 APBO | 5.48 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 2.99 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.75 |  |  | 2.99 |  |  | 2.65 |
Expected return on plan assets | 5.90 |  |  | 4.75 |  |  | 4.75 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 APBO | 5.48 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 2.99 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.75 |  |  | 2.99 |  |  | 2.65 |
Expected return on plan assets | 4.70 |  |  | 3.80 |  |  | 3.80 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the APBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the APBO. Factors that are considered include, but are not limited to, historic returns on plan assets, current market information on long-term returns (e.g., long-term bond rates), and current and target asset allocations between asset categories. If all other factors were to remain unchanged, a
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
1% decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would cause PNM’s and TNMP’s 2024 net periodic benefit cost to increase $0.8 million and $0.1 million (analogous changes would result from a 1% increase). The actual rate of return for the PNM and TNMP OPEB plans was 11.4% and 2.0% for the year ended December 31, 2023.
The following table shows the assumed health care cost trend rates for the PNM OPEB plan:

| PNM
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year | 6.00 | % |  | 6.25 | %
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) | 4.75 |  |  | 4.75 |
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate | 2029 |  | 2029

TNMP’s exposure to cost increases in the OPEB plan is minimized by a provision that limits TNMP’s share of costs under the plan. Costs of the plan in excess of the limit, which was reached at the end of 2001, are wholly borne by the participants. As a result, a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have no effect on either the net periodic expense or the year-end APBO. Effective January 1, 2018, the PNM OPEB plan was amended to limit the annual increase in the Company’s costs to 5%. Increases in excess of the limit are born by the PNM OPEB plan participants.
The Company’s OPEB plans invest in a portfolio that is diversified by asset class and style strategies. The OPEB plans generally use the same pension fixed income and equity investment managers and utilize the same overall investment strategy as described above for the pension plans, except there is no allocation to alternative investments. The OPEB plans have a target asset allocation of 30% equities and 70% fixed income. See Note 9 for fair value information concerning assets held by the other postretirement benefit plans. The following OPEB payments, which reflect expected future service and are net of participant contributions, are expected to be paid:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2024 | $ | 5,305 |  |  | $ | 611 |
2025 | 4,948 |  |  | 612 |
2026 | 4,710 |  |  | 620 |
2027 | 4,438 |  |  | 609 |
2028 | 4,213 |  |  | 603 |
2029 - 2033 | 17,817 |  |  | 2,745 |

PNM and TNMP made no cash contributions to the OPEB trusts in 2023 or 2022 and PNM and TNMP does not expect to make cash contributions to the OPEB trusts in 2024-2028. However, a portion of the disbursements attributable to the OPEB trust are paid by PNM and are therefore considered to be contributions to the PNM OPEB plan. Payments by PNM on behalf of the PNM OPEB plan are expected to be $0.2 million in 2024 and $10.1 million in 2025-2028.
Executive Retirement Programs
For the executive retirement programs, the following table presents information about the PBO and funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PBO at beginning of year | $ | 10,042 |  |  | $ | 12,612 |  |  | $ | 344 |  |  | $ | 406 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 540 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 11 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | 411 |  |  | (1,628) |  |  | 13 |  |  | (2) |
Benefits paid | (1,279) |  |  | (1,304) |  |  | (59) |  |  | (71) |
PBO at end of year – funded status | 9,714 |  |  | 10,042 |  |  | 316 |  |  | 344 |
Less current liability | 1,210 |  |  | 1,217 |  |  | 64 |  |  | 66 |
Non-current liability | $ | 8,504 |  |  | $ | 8,825 |  |  | $ | 252 |  |  | $ | 278 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The following table presents pre-tax information about net actuarial loss in AOCI as of December 31, 2023.

| December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Amount in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at beginning of year | $ | 995 |  |  | $ | — |
Experience (gain) | 411 |  |  | 13 |
Regulatory asset adjustment | (238) |  |  | (13) |
Amortization recognized in net periodic benefit (income) | (64) |  |  | — |
Amount in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at end of year | $ | 1,104 |  |  | $ | — |

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 540 |  |  | 362 |  |  | 363 |
Amortization of net loss | 152 |  |  | 327 |  |  | 395 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 692 |  |  | $ | 689 |  |  | $ | 758 |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 18 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 17 |
Amortization of net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 33 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 11 |  |  | $ | 50 |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the PBO and net periodic benefit cost. Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the PBO and net periodic benefit cost would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.45 | % |  | 5.73 | % |  | 3.02 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.73 |  |  | 3.02 |  |  | 2.68 |
Long-term rate of return on plan assets | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.47 | % |  | 5.75 | % |  | 3.01 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.75 |  |  | 3.01 |  |  | 2.69 |
Long-term rate of return on plan assets | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the PBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The impacts of changes in assumptions or experience were not significant.
Disbursements under the executive retirement program, funded by PNM and TNMP, which are considered to be contributions to the plan were $1.3 million and $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2023 and $1.3 million and $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2022.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The following executive retirement plan payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2024 | $ | 1,243 |  |  | $ | 66 |
2025 | 1,193 |  |  | 58 |
2026 | 1,136 |  |  | 51 |
2027 | 1,073 |  |  | 44 |
2028 | 1,006 |  |  | 37 |
2029 - 2033 | 3,987 |  |  | 104 |

Other Retirement Plans
PNMR sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan for eligible employees, including those of its subsidiaries. PNMR’s contributions to the 401(k) plan consist of a discretionary matching contribution equal to 75% of the first 6% of eligible compensation contributed by the employee on a before-tax basis. PNMR also makes a non-matching contribution ranging from 3% to 10% of eligible compensation based on the eligible employee’s age. PNMR also provides executive deferred compensation benefits through an unfunded, non-qualified plan. The purpose of this plan is to permit certain key employees of PNMR who participate in the 401(k) defined contribution plan to defer compensation and receive credits without reference to the certain limitations on contributions.
A summary of expenses for these other retirement plans is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
PNMR |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 16,118 |  |  | $ | 15,844 |  |  | $ | 16,648 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 1,197 |  |  | $ | (1,027) |  |  | $ | 3,594 |
PNM |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 10,839 |  |  | $ | 11,067 |  |  | $ | 11,826 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | (721) |  |  | $ | 2,622 |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 5,279 |  |  | $ | 4,776 |  |  | $ | 4,823 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 372 |  |  | $ | (305) |  |  | $ | 972 |

(12)Stock-Based Compensation
PNMR has various stock-based compensation programs, including stock options, restricted stock, and performance shares granted under the Performance Equity Plan (“PEP”). Although certain PNM and TNMP employees participate in the PNMR plans, PNM and TNMP do not have separate employee stock-based compensation plans. Certain restricted stock awards are subject to achieving performance or market targets. Other awards of restricted stock are only subject to time vesting requirements. Restricted stock awarded under the PEP for performance periods ending after 2023 no longer have market targets.
Performance Equity Plan
The PEP provides for the granting of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock rights, performance shares, performance units, and stock appreciation rights to officers, key employees, and non-employee members of the Board. Restricted stock under the PEP refers to awards of stock subject to vesting, performance, or market conditions rather than to shares with contractual post-vesting restrictions. Generally, the awards vest ratably over three years from the grant date of the award. However, awards with performance or market conditions vest upon satisfaction of those conditions. In addition, plan provisions provide that upon retirement, participants become 100% vested in certain stock awards. The vesting period for awards of restricted stock to non-employee members of the Board is one year. The total number of shares of PNMR common stock subject to all awards under the 2014 PEP, as approved by PNMR’s shareholders in May 2014, may not exceed 13.5 million shares, subject to adjustment and certain share counting rules set forth in the PEP. This current share pool is charged five shares for each share subject to restricted stock or other full value award. In May 2023, PNMR’s shareholders approved
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
the 2023 PEP which set the maximum number of shares subject to all awards to be 2.5 million shares. The 2023 PEP is charged a single share for each award.
Source of Shares
The source of shares for exercised stock options and vested restricted stock is currently shares acquired on the open market by an independent agent, rather than newly issued shares.
Accounting for Stock Awards
The stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards without performance or market conditions to participants that are retirement eligible on the grant date is recognized immediately at the grant date and is not amortized. Compensation expense for other such awards is amortized to compensation expense over the shorter of the requisite vesting period or the period until the participant becomes retirement eligible. Compensation expense for performance-based shares is recognized ratably over the performance period as required service is provided and is adjusted periodically to reflect the level of achievement expected to be attained. Compensation expense related to market-based shares is recognized ratably over the measurement period, regardless of the actual level of achievement, provided the employees meet their service requirements.
Total compensation expense for stock-based payment arrangements recognized by PNMR for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021 was $7.2 million, $7.9 million, and $9.4 million. Stock compensation expense of $4.8 million, $5.3 million, and $6.4 million was charged to PNM and $2.4 million, $2.6 million, and $3.0 million was charged to TNMP. At December 31, 2023, PNMR had unrecognized compensation expense related to stock awards of $5.3 million, which is expected to be recognized over an average of 1.91 years.
PNMR receives a tax deduction for the value of restricted stock at the vesting date. To the extent the tax deduction exceeds the Company’s cumulative expense related to a stock award, an excess tax benefit is recorded. When the cumulative expense exceeds the tax deduction, a tax deficiency is recorded. All excess tax benefits and deficiencies are recorded to tax expense and classified as operating cash flows when used to reduce taxes payable.

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Excess Tax Benefits (Deficiencies) |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
|  | (In thousands) |  |
PNM |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | (65) |  |  | $ | 564 |  |  |
TNMP |  | 76 |  |  | (26) |  |  | 224 |  |  |
PNMR |  | 261 |  |  | (91) |  |  | 788 |  |  |

TNMP used excess tax benefits to reduce income taxes payable and the benefit was reflected in cash flows from operating activities. The benefit of excess tax benefits at PNM and PNMR will be reflected in operating cash flows when they reduce income taxes payable.
The grant date fair value for restricted stock and stock awards with Company internal performance targets is determined based on the market price of PNMR common stock on the date of the agreements reduced by the present value of future dividends that will not be received prior to vesting. The grant date fair value is applied to the total number of shares that are anticipated to vest, although the number of performance shares that ultimately vest cannot be determined until after the performance periods end. The grant date fair value of stock awards with market targets is determined using Monte Carlo simulation models, which provide grant date fair values that include an expectation of the number of shares to vest at the end of the measurement period.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to determine the awards grant date fair value:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Restricted Shares and Performance-Based Shares |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021 |  |
Expected quarterly dividends per share |  | $ | 0.3675 |  |  | $ | 0.3475 |  |  | $ | 0.3275 |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.46 | % |  | 1.46 | % |  | 0.32 | % |  |
Market-Based Shares (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend yield |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 2.76 | % |  |
Expected volatility |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 33.69 | % |  |
Risk-free interest rate |  | N/A |  | N/A |  | 0.29 | % |  |

(1) Restricted stock expected to be awarded under the PEP for performance periods ending after 2023 no longer have market targets.
The following table summarizes activity in restricted stock awards including performance-based and market-based shares:

|  | Restricted Stock |
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2022 |  | 182,446 |  |  | $ | 42.09 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 230,141 |  |  | 41.98 |  |  |  |
Released |  | (197,765) |  |  | 43.98 |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (2,742) |  |  | 42.89 |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  | 212,080 |  |  | $ | 40.33 |  |  |  |

PNMR’s current stock-based compensation program provides for performance targets through 2025 and market targets through 2023. Included as granted and released in the table above are 100,991 previously awarded shares that were earned for the 2020 - 2022 performance measurement period and ratified by the Board in February 2023 (based upon achieving targets at above “target”, below “maximum” levels). Excluded from the above table are 80,492 previously awarded shares that were earned for the 2021 - 2023 performance measurement period and ratified by the Board in February 2024 (based upon achieving targets at above “target”, below “maximum” levels). Also excluded from the table above are 140,882 and 139,242 shares for the three-year performance periods ending in 2024 and 2025 that will be awarded if all performance criteria are achieved at maximum levels and all executives remain eligible.
On December 5, 2023, the Company entered into a retention agreements with its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Senior Vice President and General Counsel under which they would be awarded a total of 26,766 and 8,922 respectively of restricted stock rights if they remained employed through the award’s vesting date which is the earliest of 24 months from the grant date, the closing of the Merger, or six months following the termination of the Merger. As of December 31, 2023, upon the notice from Avangrid regarding the termination of the Merger Agreement, these awards will vest on June 30, 2024.
The following table provides additional information concerning restricted stock activity, including performance-based and market-based shares, and stock options:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Restricted Stock |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
Weighted-average grant date fair value |  | $ | 41.98 |  |  | $ | 41.04 |  |  | $ | 43.48 |
Total fair value of restricted shares that vested (in thousands) |  | $ | 8,698 |  |  | $ | 7,368 |  |  | $ | 8,617 |

(13) Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The operations of PNM and TNMP are regulated by the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC and the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises are applied to its regulated operations. Regulatory assets represent probable future recovery of previously incurred costs that will be collected from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Regulatory assets and liabilities reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below.

| PNM |  | TNMP
| December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Assets: | (In thousands)
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FPPAC | $ | 65,251 |  |  | $ | 8,904 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
NMPRC hedging plan | — |  |  | 9,429 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Energy efficiency costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |  |  | 1,932 |
Renewable energy rider | 5,021 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
SJGS Energy Transition Property | 2,724 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 72,996 |  |  | 18,333 |  |  | 50 |  |  | 1,932 |
Non-Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SJGS Energy Transition Property | $ | 340,629 |  |  | $ | 343,238 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
SJGS - non-ETA | 122,246 |  |  | 129,285 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PVNGS leased interest | 80,777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
EIM | 18,731 |  |  | 13,102 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TEP | 2,644 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss on reacquired debt | 13,806 |  |  | 15,323 |  |  | 25,019 |  |  | 26,317 |
Pension and OPEB | 172,508 |  |  | 187,182 |  |  | 21,854 |  |  | 21,558 |
Deferred income taxes | 71,359 |  |  | 67,621 |  |  | 8,882 |  |  | 9,193 |
AMS surcharge | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,254 |
AMS retirement and other costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,343 |  |  | 12,591 |
Deferred COVID-19 costs | 5,664 |  |  | 5,664 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,053 |
Other | 10,363 |  |  | 2,526 |  |  | 7,556 |  |  | 5,779 |
| 838,727 |  |  | 763,941 |  |  | 75,654 |  |  | 82,745 |
Total regulatory assets | $ | 911,723 |  |  | $ | 782,274 |  |  | $ | 75,704 |  |  | $ | 84,677 |
Liabilities: |
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SJGS rate refunds | $ | (113,372) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
PVNGS rate refunds | (19,194) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Renewable energy rider, including excess return | — |  |  | (5,076) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Energy efficiency costs | (1,454) |  |  | (2,837) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transmission cost recovery factor | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,159) |  |  | (9,089) |
NMPRC hedging plan | (826) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| (134,846) |  |  | (7,913) |  |  | (5,159) |  |  | (9,089) |
Non-Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of removal | (247,627) |  |  | (238,903) |  |  | (117,759) |  |  | (97,030) |
Deferred income taxes | (281,588) |  |  | (301,493) |  |  | (83,459) |  |  | (94,994) |
Renewable energy tax benefits | (14,463) |  |  | (15,610) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PVNGS rate refunds | (19,194) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension and OPEB | — |  |  | — |  |  | (3,644) |  |  | (4,518) |
COVID-19 cost savings | (900) |  |  | (900) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | (1,249) |  |  | (83) |  |  | (1,434) |  |  | (1,671) |
| (565,021) |  |  | (556,989) |  |  | (206,296) |  |  | (198,213) |
Total regulatory liabilities | $ | (699,867) |  |  | $ | (564,902) |  |  | $ | (211,455) |  |  | $ | (207,302) |

The Company’s regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities are reflected in rates charged to customers or have been addressed in a regulatory proceeding. The Company does not receive or pay a rate of return on the following regulatory assets
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
and regulatory liabilities (and their remaining amortization periods): SJGS Energy Transition Property (over the life of the securitized bonds); portions of PVNGS Leased Interest (through 2044); SJGS rate refunds (through 2024); PVNGS rate refunds (through 2025); deferred income taxes (over the remaining life of the taxable item, up to the remaining life of utility plant); pension and OPEB costs (through 2039).
The Company is permitted, under rate regulation, to accrue and record a regulatory liability for the estimated cost of removal and salvage associated with certain of its assets through depreciation expense. Actuarial losses and prior service costs for pension plans are required to be recorded in AOCI; however, to the extent authorized for recovery through the regulatory process these amounts are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities. Based on prior regulatory approvals, the amortization of these amounts will be included in the Company’s rates. Based on a current evaluation of the various factors and conditions that are expected to impact future cost recovery, the Company believes that future recovery of its regulatory assets is probable.
(14)Construction Program and Jointly-Owned Electric Generating Plants
PNM is a participant in jointly-owned power plant projects. The participation agreement for SJGS expired on September 30, 2022. The primary operating or participation agreements for the other joint projects expire in July 2041 for Four Corners, December 2046 for Luna, and November 2047 for PVNGS.
PNM’s expenditures for additions to utility plant were $565.1 million in 2023, including expenditures on jointly-owned projects. TNMP does not participate in the ownership or operation of any generating plants, but incurred expenditures for additions to utility plant of $464.4 million during 2023. On a consolidated basis, PNMR’s expenditures for additions to utility plant were $1,075.8 million in 2023.
Joint Projects
Under the agreements for the jointly-owned projects, PNM has an undivided interest in each asset and liability of the project and records its pro-rata share of each item in the corresponding asset and liability account on PNM’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Likewise, PNM records its pro-rata share of each item of operating and maintenance expenses for its jointly-owned plants within the corresponding operating expense account in its Consolidated Statements of Earnings. PNM is responsible for financing its share of the capital and operating costs of the joint projects.
At December 31, 2023, PNM’s interests and investments in jointly-owned generating facilities are:

Station (Type) | Plant in Service |  | Accumulated Depreciation (1) |  | Construction Work in Progress |  | Composite Interest
| (In thousands)
PVNGS (Nuclear) | $ | 800,338 |  |  | $ | 403,531 |  |  | $ | 25,380 |  |  | 7.56 | %
Four Corners Units 4 and 5 (Coal) | $ | 282,875 |  |  | $ | 102,520 |  |  | $ | 7,710 |  |  | 13.00 |
Luna (Gas) | $ | 85,516 |  |  | $ | 34,893 |  |  | $ | 2,826 |  |  | 33.33 |

(1) Includes cost of removal.
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
PNM is a participant in the three units of PVNGS with APS (the operating agent), SRP, EPE, SCE, SCPPA, and The Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles. PNM previously had a 10.2% undivided interest in PVNGS, with portions of its interests in Units 1 and 2 held under leases. In January 2023, leased capacity of 104 MW in PVNGS Unit 1 expired and the rights to the capacity were acquired by SRP from the lessors subsequently, reducing PNM’s interest in PVNGS to 7.6% at December 31, 2023. In January 2024, the leased capacity of 10 MW in PVNGS Unit 2 expired and the rights were also acquired by SRP, further reducing PNM’s interest in PVNGS to 7.3%. See Note 8 for additional information concerning the PVNGS leases.
Four Corners Power Plant
PNM is a participant in two units of Four Corners with APS (the operating agent), an affiliate of APS, SRP, and Tucson. PNM has a 13.0% undivided interest in Units 4 and 5 of Four Corners. The Four Corners plant site is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government. APS, on behalf of the Four Corners participants, negotiated amendments to an existing agreement with the Navajo Nation, which extends the owners’ right to operate the plant on the site to July 2041. See Notes 16 and 17 for additional information about Four Corners.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Luna Energy Facility
Luna is a combined-cycle power plant near Deming, New Mexico. Luna is owned equally by PNM, Tucson, and Samchully Power & Utilities 1, LLC. The operation and maintenance of the facility has been contracted to North American Energy Services by PNM.
(15)Asset Retirement Obligations
AROs are recorded based on studies to estimate the amount and timing of future ARO expenditures and reflect underlying assumptions, such as discount rates, estimates of the future costs for decommissioning, and the timing of the removal activities to be performed. Approximately 72% of PNM’s total ARO liabilities are related to nuclear decommissioning of PVNGS. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions under lease both during and after termination of the leases. Studies of the decommissioning costs of PVNGS, SJGS, Four Corners, and other facilities are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liabilities are recorded. Changes in the assumptions underlying the calculations may also require revisions to the estimated AROs when identified. A reconciliation of the ARO liabilities is as follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Liability at December 31, 2020 | $ | 183,421 |  |  | $ | 182,718 |  |  | $ | 703 |
Liabilities incurred | 1,781 |  |  | 1,781 |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | (142) |  |  | (142) |  |  | — |
Accretion expense | 9,308 |  |  | 9,248 |  |  | 60 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows(1) | 39,778 |  |  | 39,778 |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2021 | 234,146 |  |  | 233,383 |  |  | 763 |
Liabilities incurred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Accretion expense | 10,767 |  |  | 10,702 |  |  | 65 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows(2) | (21,536) |  |  | (21,536) |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2022 | 223,377 |  |  | 222,549 |  |  | 828 |
Liabilities incurred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | (3,482) |  |  | (3,482) |  |  | — |
Accretion expense | 10,218 |  |  | 10,148 |  |  | 70 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows(3) | 15,418 |  |  | 15,418 |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2023 | $ | 245,531 |  |  | $ | 244,633 |  |  | $ | 898 |

(1) Reflects an increase of $39.8 million for the remediation ordinance in San Juan County requiring the full demolition of SJGS.
(2) Reflects a decrease of $21.5 million related to an updated SJGS decommissioning study.
(3) Reflects an increase of $15.4 million related to an updated PVNGS decommissioning study.
(16)Commitments and Contingencies
Overview
There are various claims and lawsuits pending against the Company. In addition, the Company is subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations and periodically participates in the investigation and remediation of various sites. In addition, the Company periodically enters into financial commitments in connection with its business operations. Also, the Company is involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings in the normal course of its business. See Note 17. It is not possible at this time for the Company to determine fully the effect of all litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
With respect to some of the items listed below, the Company has determined that a loss is not probable or that, to the extent probable, cannot be reasonably estimated. In some cases, the Company is not able to predict with any degree of certainty the range of possible loss that could be incurred. The Company assesses legal and regulatory matters based on current information and makes judgments concerning their potential outcome, giving due consideration to the nature of the claim, the amount and nature of any damages sought, and the probability of success. Such judgments are made with the understanding that the outcome of any litigation, investigation, or other legal proceeding is inherently uncertain. The Company records liabilities for matters where it is probable a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimatable. The actual
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
outcomes of the items listed below could ultimately differ from the judgments made and the differences could be material. The Company cannot make any assurances that the amount of reserves or potential insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover the cash obligations that might be incurred as a result of litigation or regulatory proceedings. Except as otherwise disclosed, the Company does not expect that any known lawsuits, environmental costs, or commitments will have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Commitments and Contingencies Related to the Environment
PVNGS Decommissioning Funding
The costs of decommissioning a nuclear power plant are substantial. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions under leases both during and after termination of the leases. PNM has a program for funding its share of decommissioning costs for PVNGS, including portions previously held under leases. The nuclear decommissioning funding program is invested in equities and fixed income instruments in qualified and non-qualified trusts. PNM funded $1.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021 into the qualified trust funds. The fair value of the trusts at December 31, 2023 and 2022 was $361.0 million and $325.3 million. See Note 17 for additional discussion of PNM’s PVNGS Lease Abandonment Application.
Nuclear Spent Fuel and Waste Disposal
Nuclear power plant operators are required to enter into spent fuel disposal contracts with the DOE that require the DOE to accept and dispose of all spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive wastes generated by domestic power reactors. Although the Nuclear Waste Policy Act required the DOE to develop a permanent repository for the storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel by 1998, the DOE announced that it would not be able to open the repository by 1998 and sought to excuse its performance of these requirements. In November 1997, the DC Circuit issued a decision preventing the DOE from excusing its own delay but refused to order the DOE to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel. Based on this decision and the DOE’s delay, a number of utilities, including APS (on behalf of itself and the other PVNGS owners, including PNM), filed damages actions against the DOE in the Court of Federal Claims. The lawsuits filed by APS alleged that damages were incurred due to DOE’s continuing failure to remove spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste from PVNGS. In August 2014, APS and the DOE entered into a settlement agreement that established a process for the payment of claims for costs incurred through December 31, 2019. APS has accepted the DOE’s extensions of the settlement agreement for recovery of costs incurred through December 31, 2025. Under the settlement agreement, APS must submit claims annually for payment of allowable costs. PNM records estimated claims on a quarterly basis. The benefit from the claims is passed through to customers under the FPPAC.
PNM estimates that it will incur approximately $55.6 million (in 2023 dollars) for its share of the costs related to the on-site interim storage of spent nuclear fuel at PVNGS for the remaining term of the operating licenses. PNM accrues these costs as a component of fuel expense as the nuclear fuel is consumed. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, PNM had a liability for interim storage costs of $11.0 million and $12.0 million, which is included in other deferred credits.
PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (“ISFSI”) to store all of the nuclear fuel that will be irradiated during the initial operating license period, which ends in December 2027. Additionally, PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store a portion of the fuel that will be irradiated during the period of extended operation, which ends in November 2047. If uncertainties regarding the U.S. government’s obligation to accept and store spent fuel are not favorably resolved, APS will evaluate alternative storage solutions that may obviate the need to expand the ISFSI to accommodate all of the fuel that will be irradiated during the period of extended operation.
The Energy Transition Act
In 2019, the Governor signed into New Mexico state law Senate Bill 489, known as the Energy Transition Act (“ETA”). The ETA became effective as of June 14, 2019 and sets a statewide standard that requires investor-owned electric utilities to have specified percentages of their electric-generating portfolios be from renewable and zero-carbon generating resources. The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The ETA also allows for the recovery of undepreciated investments and decommissioning costs related to qualifying EGUs that the NMPRC has required be removed from retail jurisdictional rates, provided replacement resources to be included in retail rates have lower or zero-carbon emissions. The ETA requires the NMPRC to review and approve utilities’ annual renewable portfolio plans to ensure compliance with the RPS. The ETA also directs the New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board to adopt standards of performance that limit CO 2 emissions to no
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
more than 1,100 lbs per MWh beginning January 1, 2023 for new or existing coal-fired EGUs with original installed capacities exceeding 300 MW.
The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fuel generation resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources through certain provisions relating to the abandonment of coal-fired generating facilities. These provisions include the use of energy transition bonds, which are designed to be highly rated bonds that can be issued to finance certain costs of abandoning coal-fired facilities that are retired prior to January 1, 2023 for facilities operated by a “qualifying utility,” or prior to January 1, 2032 for facilities that are not operated by a qualifying utility. The amount of energy transition bonds that can be issued to recover abandonment costs is limited to the lesser of $375.0 million or 150% of the undepreciated investment of the facility as of the abandonment date. Proceeds provided by energy transition bonds must be used only for purposes related to providing utility service to customers and to pay energy transition costs (as defined by the ETA). These costs may include plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation costs, provided those costs have not previously been recovered from customers or disallowed by the NMPRC or by a court order. Proceeds from energy transition bonds may also be used to fund severances for employees of the retired facility and related coal mine and to promote economic development, education and job training in areas impacted by the retirement of the coal-fired facilities. Energy transition bonds must be issued under a NMPRC approved financing order, are secured by “energy transition property,” are non-recourse to the issuing utility, and are repaid by a non-bypassable charge paid by all customers of the issuing utility. These customer charges are subject to an adjustment mechanism designed to provide for timely and complete payment of principal and interest due under the energy transition bonds.
The ETA also provides that utilities must obtain NMPRC approval of competitively procured replacement resources that shall be evaluated based on their cost, economic development opportunity, ability to provide jobs with comparable pay and benefits to those lost upon retirement of the facility and that do not exceed emissions thresholds specified in the ETA. In determining whether to approve replacement resources, the NMPRC must give preference to resources with the least environmental impacts, those with higher ratios of capital costs to fuel costs, and those located in the school district of the abandoned facility. The ETA also provides for the procurement of energy storage facilities and gives utilities discretion to maintain, control, and operate these systems to ensure reliable and efficient service.
The ETA has had and will have a significant impact on PNM’s future generation portfolio, including PNM’s retirement of SJGS in 2022 and the exit of Four Corners (subject to regulatory approval). PNM cannot predict the full impact of the ETA or the outcome of its pending and potential future generating resource abandonment and replacement resource filings with the NMPRC. See additional discussion in Note 17 of PNM’s SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment Applications.
The Clean Air Act
Regional Haze
Pursuant to the CAA, states are required to establish goals for improving visibility in national parks and wilderness areas (also known as Class I areas) and to develop long-term strategies for reducing emissions of air pollutants that cause visibility impairment in their own states and for preventing degradation in other states. States must establish a series of interim goals to ensure continued progress by adopting a new SIP every ten years. In the first SIP planning period, states were required to conduct BART determinations for certain covered facilities, including utility boilers, built between 1962 and 1977 that have the potential to emit more than 250 tons per year of visibility impairing pollution. For all future SIP planning periods, states must evaluate whether additional emissions reduction measures may be needed to continue making reasonable progress toward natural visibility conditions.
In 2017, EPA published revisions to the regional haze rule in the Federal Register that delayed the due date for the next cycle of SIPs from 2019 to 2021 and altered the planning process that states must employ in determining whether to impose “reasonable progress” emission reduction measures. EPA’s new rule was challenged by numerous parties, but the litigation was held in abeyance after EPA granted various petitions for reconsideration.
In 2018, EPA released a new guidance document on tracking visibility progress for the second planning period. EPA is allowing states discretion to develop SIPs that may differ from EPA’s guidance as long as they are consistent with the CAA and other applicable regulations. In 2019, EPA finalized the draft guidance that was previously released as a companion to the regional haze rule revisions, and EPA clarified that guidance in a memorandum issued in 2021.
SIPs for the second planning period were due in July 2021, which deadline NMED was unable to meet. NMED is currently preparing its SIP for the second compliance period and has notified PNM that it will not be required to submit a regional haze four-factor analysis for SJGS since PNM retired its share of SJGS in 2022. On August 30, 2022, EPA published in the Federal Register an official “Finding of Failure to Submit” for states, including New Mexico, that have not yet submitted
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
a round 2 regional haze SIP. This action by EPA starts a 2-year clock for it to issue a Federal Implementation Plan (FIP). NMED’s current timeline indicates the proposed SIP will be submitted to EPA by Summer 2024.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
In 2015, EPA established standards to limit CO 2 emissions from power plants, including (1) Carbon Pollution Standards for new, modified, and reconstructed power plants; and (2) the Clean Power Plan for existing power plants.
Multiple states, utilities, and trade groups challenged both the Carbon Pollution Standards for new sources and the Clean Power Plan for existing sources in separate cases. Challengers successfully petitioned the US Supreme Court for a stay of the Clean Power Plan. However, before the DC Circuit could issue an opinion regarding either the Carbon Pollution Standards or the Clean Power Plan, the Trump Administration asked that the case be held in abeyance while the rules were reevaluated, which was granted.
In 2019, EPA repealed the Clean Power Plan, promulgated the ACE Rule, and revised the implementing regulations for all emission guidelines. EPA set the BSER for existing coal-fired power plants as heat rate efficiency improvements based on a range of “candidate technologies” that can be applied inside the fence line of an individual facility. The DC Circuit issued an order that granted motions by various petitioners, including industry groups and EPA, to dismiss the cases challenging the Clean Power Plan as moot due to EPA’s issuance of the ACE Rule.
The ACE Rule was also challenged, and on January 19, 2021, the DC Circuit issued an opinion in American Lung Association and American Public Health Association v. EPA, et al., vacating the ACE Rule. While the DC Circuit rejected the ACE Rule, it did not reinstate the Clean Power Plan. Rather, the DC Circuit granted an EPA motion asking the court to withhold issuance of the mandate with respect to the repeal of the Clean Power Plan until EPA responds to the court’s remand in a new rulemaking action.
Numerous parties sought review by the US Supreme Court, and on June 30, 2022, the Court held that the “generation shifting” approach in the Clean Power Plan exceeded the powers granted to EPA by Congress, though the Court did not address the related issue of whether Section 111 of the CAA only authorizes EPA to require measures that can be implemented entirely within the fence line at an individual source. Of broader significance in administrative law, the Court’s opinion expressly invoked the “major question” doctrine, which requires rules involving issues of “vast economic or political significance” to be supported by clear statutory authorization. In cases where there is no clear statement of authority, courts need not defer to the agency’s statutory interpretation on “major questions.” The decision sets legal precedent for future rulemakings by EPA and other federal regulatory agencies whereby the agencies’ authority may be limited based upon similar reasoning.
The litigation over the Carbon Pollution Standards remains held in abeyance but could be reactivated by the parties upon a determination by the court that reconsideration of the rule has concluded.
On May 23, 2023, EPA published in the Federal Register proposed regulatory actions under CAA sections 111(b) and (d) to replace the Clean Power Plan and the ACE Rule. The proposed regulations cover: (1) New natural gas-based EGUs under section 111(b); (2) Existing large and frequently operated natural gas-based EGUs under section 111(d); and (3) Existing coal-based EGUs under section 111(d). Standards of performance for existing coal EGUs will be based on two technologies depending on retirement date: carbon capture and storage/sequestration (“CCS”) or co-firing gas in lieu of coal. For gas-based EGUs, the standards will be based on CCS or the use of green hydrogen in lieu of natural gas. States will be required to develop SIPs to EPA that provide for the establishment, implementation and enforcement of these standards as they apply to existing sources. States may take into account remaining useful life and other factors when establishing the standards. EPA is proposing that existing coal units must start complying with their gas co-firing or CCS based standards of performance on January 1, 2030, unless they commit to retirement before 2032 (or retirement by 2035 if they also commit to a 20% annual operating limit). Existing combustion turbine units must start complying with their hydrogen or CCS based standards of performance on January 1, 2032, or January 1, 2035, depending on their subcategory, which is based on the control technology selected. The package also includes a proposed repeal of the ACE rule and revisions to the standard for modified and reconstructed units, along with a notice of public rulemaking seeking data and information about setting standards for existing smaller natural gas-based generators. Comments on the rule were due to EPA by August 8, 2023. PNM filed company-specific comments and continues to review the proposed rule and its potential impacts on the company’s fossil generation resources. EPA has indicated it plans to promulgate a final rule by Spring 2024.
On January 27, 2021, President Biden signed an extensive Executive Order aimed at addressing climate change concerns domestically and internationally. The order is intended to build on the initial climate-related actions the Biden
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Administration took on January 20, 2021. It addresses a wide range of issues, including establishing climate change concerns as an essential element of U.S. foreign and security policy, identifying a process to determine the U.S. INDC under the Paris Agreement, and establishing a Special Presidential Envoy for Climate that will sit on the National Security Council. On April 22, 2021, at the Earth Day Summit, as part of the U.S.’s re-entry into the Paris Agreement, President Biden unveiled the goal to cut U.S. emissions by 50% - 52% from 2005 levels by 2030, nearly double the GHG emissions reduction target set by the Obama Administration. The 2030 goal joins President Biden’s other climate goals which include a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net-zero emissions economy by no later than 2050.
PNM’s review of the GHG emission reductions standards that may occur as a result of legislation or regulation under the Biden Administration and in response to the court’s ruling on the ACE Rule is ongoing. PNM cannot predict the impact these standards may have on its operations or a range of the potential costs of compliance, if any.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (“NAAQS”)
The CAA requires EPA to set NAAQS for pollutants reasonably anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. EPA has set NAAQS for certain pollutants, including NOx, SO 2, ozone, and particulate matter.
NO X Standard – In 2018, EPA published the final rule to retain the current primary health-based NOx standards of which NO 2 is the constituent of greatest concern and is the indicator for the primary NAAQS. EPA concluded that the current 1-hour and annual primary NO 2 standards are requisite to protect public health with an adequate margin of safety. The rule became effective on May 18, 2018. The State of New Mexico has attained the current NOx NAAQS standards.
SO 2 Standard – In 2019, EPA announced its final decision to retain, without changes, the primary health-based NAAQS for SO 2. Specifically, EPA will retain the current 1-hour standard for SO 2, which is 75 parts per billion, based on the 3-year average of the 99 th percentile of daily maximum 1-hour SO 2 concentrations.
On March 26, 2021, EPA published in the Federal Register the initial air quality designations for all remaining areas not yet designated under the 2010 SO 2 Primary NAAQS. All areas of New Mexico have been designated attainment/unclassifiable through four rounds of designations by EPA.
Ozone Standard – In 2015, EPA finalized the new ozone NAAQS and lowered both the primary and secondary 8-hour standard from 75 to 70 parts per billion. With ozone standards becoming more stringent, fossil-fueled generation units will come under increasing pressure to reduce emissions of NOx and volatile organic compounds since these are the pollutants that form ground-level ozone. On July 13, 2020, EPA proposed to retain the existing ozone NAAQS based on a review of the full body of currently available scientific evidence and exposure/risk information. EPA finalized its decision to retain the ozone NAAQS in a notice published on December 31, 2020 making it immediately effective. In response to lawsuits brought by states and environmental groups, on October 29, 2021, EPA filed a motion in the DC Circuit indicating it will reconsider the 2020 ozone NAAQS. On August 21, 2023, EPA announced an entirely new review of the ozone standard that will incorporate the work to date on the reconsideration, likely indicating a delay in the schedule for a decision on whether the standard should be revised. On January 3, 2024, EPA filed in the DC Circuit an unopposed motion for voluntary remand, without vacatur, of EPA’s final rule retaining the current ozone NAAQS. The filing was made in the consolidated cases challenging the 2020 ozone NAAQS rule.
During 2017 and 2018, EPA released rules establishing area designations for ozone. In those rules, San Juan County, New Mexico, where Four Corners is located, is designated as attainment/unclassifiable and only a small area in Doña Ana County, New Mexico is designated as marginal non-attainment. Although Afton Generating Station is located in Doña Ana County, it is not located within the small area designated as non-attainment for the 2015 ozone standard. The rule became effective May 8, 2018.
NMED has responsibility for bringing the small area in Doña Ana County designated as marginal/non-attainment for ozone into compliance and will look at all sources of NOx and volatile organic compounds. NMED has submitted the required elements for the Sunland Park Ozone Non-attainment Area SIP. This includes a transportation conformity demonstration, a 2017 baseline emissions inventory and emissions statement, and an amendment to the state’s Non-attainment Permitting rules at 20.2.79 New Mexico Administrative Code to conform to EPA’s SIP Requirements Rule for 2015 Q3 NAAQS (i.e., “implementation rule”).
The SIP elements had staggered deadlines and were done in three submissions: (1) the transportation conformity demonstration was completed by the El Paso Metropolitan Planning Organization on behalf of New Mexico in 2019, which is responsible for transportation planning in that area, and the submission received concurrence from EPA and the Federal
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Highway Administration; (2) the emissions inventory and statement SIP was submitted to EPA in September 2020; and (3) the Non-attainment New Source Review SIP was submitted to EPA on August 10, 2021. On October 15, 2021, EPA proposed to approve New Mexico’s SIP to meet the emissions inventory and statement requirements of the CAA for the Sunland Park Ozone Non-Attainment Area.
PNM does not believe there will be material impacts to its facilities because of NMED’s non-attainment designation of the small area within Doña Ana County. Until EPA approves attainment designations for the Navajo Nation and releases a proposal to implement the revised ozone NAAQS, PNM is unable to predict what impact the adoption of these standards may have on Four Corners. With respect to EPA’s reconsideration of the 2020 decision to retain the 2015 ozone standards, EPA is statutorily obligated to complete its review of the ozone standards by December 2025. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
In 2019, EPA issued findings that several states, including New Mexico, had failed to submit interstate transport SIPs for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS, triggering an obligation for EPA to issue a federal implementation plan within two years. In response, NMED submitted a Good Neighbor SIP on July 27, 2021 that demonstrates that there are no significant contributions from New Mexico to downwind problems in meeting the federal ozone standard. Nevertheless, when EPA failed to approve the SIP or issue a FIP within two years of the finding of failure to submit, multiple parties filed a deadline suit against EPA, resulting in a consent decree requiring EPA to issue a FIP or approve a SIP for New Mexico by a deadline of no later than June 1, 2024, which was later extended to August 30, 2024. On March 15, 2023, EPA Administrator Regan signed a final action imposing a FIP on multiple states but did not include a FIP for New Mexico because EPA had not proposed a FIP for the state because the most up to date modeling available at proposal confirmed the state did not contribute to downwind ozone nonattainment or maintenance areas. However, the updated modeling EPA used in the final rule indicated that New Mexico may be significantly contributing to one or more non-attainment or maintenance areas. In light of that modeling result, on February 16, 2024, EPA proposed to impose a FIP on New Mexico to address the newly identified contribution. If finalized as proposed, the FIP would require specified fossil fuel-fired generating resources to participate in an ozone-season NOx emission allowance trading program that will limit total NOx emissions from all affected units within the state of New Mexico.
PM Standard – On January 30, 2020, EPA published in the Federal Register a notice announcing the availability of a final Policy Assessment for the Review of the NAAQS for Particulate Matter (the “PA”). The 2020 final PA was prepared as part of the review of the primary and secondary PM NAAQS. In the 2020 final PA, EPA recommended lowering the primary annual PM 2.5 standard to between 8 µg/m3 and 10 µg/m3. However, on April 30, 2020, EPA published a proposed rule to retain the current standards for PM due to uncertainties in the data relied upon in the 2020 final PA and EPA published a notice of that final action on December 18, 2020, making it immediately effective. On January 14, 2021, several states and New York City filed a petition for review in the DC Circuit, challenging EPA’s final rule retaining the current primary and secondary PM NAAQS and a similar lawsuit was filed by the Center for Biological Diversity in the DC Circuit. On June 10, 2021, EPA announced that it will reconsider the previous administration’s December 2020 decision to retain the current primary and secondary PM NAAQS and on October 8, 2021, EPA announced the release of a new draft PA stating that available scientific evidence and technical information indicate that the current standards may not be adequate to protect public health and welfare, as required by the CAA. On June 1, 2022, EPA issued a new final PA that likewise indicates current standards may not be adequate and that available scientific evidence could support lowering the standards.
On January 27, 2023, EPA published, in the Federal Register, a proposal to lower the annual fine PM standard to between 9-10 µg/m3 but retain the rest of its PM standards, including the current daily fine particulate matter standard, the daily coarse particulate matter standard, and the secondary PM standards. EPA issued a prepublication of the final rule on February 7, 2024, lowering the fine PM standard to 9 ug/m 3. Although the lower standard is expected to result in new nonattainment areas throughout the country and could prompt additional PM control requirements, PNM cannot predict the impacts of the outcome of future rulemaking.
Cooling Water Intake Structures
In 2014, EPA issued a rule establishing national standards for certain cooling water intake structures at existing power plants and other facilities under the Clean Water Act to protect fish and other aquatic organisms by minimizing impingement mortality (the capture of aquatic wildlife on intake structures or against screens) and entrainment mortality (the capture of fish or shellfish in water flow entering and passing through intake structures).
To minimize impingement mortality, the rule provides operators of facilities, such as Four Corners, seven options for meeting Best Technology Available (“BTA”) standards for reducing impingement. The permitting authority must establish the BTA for entrainment on a site-specific basis, taking into consideration an array of factors, including endangered species and
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social costs and benefits. Affected sources must submit source water baseline characterization data to the permitting authority to assist in the determination. Compliance deadlines under the rule are tied to permit renewal and will be subject to a schedule of compliance established by the permitting authority.
In 2018, several environmental groups sued EPA Region IX in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit Court over EPA’s failure to timely reissue the Four Corners NPDES permit. The petitioners asked the court to issue a writ of mandamus compelling EPA Region IX to take final action on the pending NPDES permit by a reasonable date. EPA subsequently reissued the NPDES permit. The permit did not contain conditions related to the cooling water intake structure rule, as EPA determined that the facility has achieved BTA for both impingement and entrainment by operating a closed-cycle recirculation system. Several environmental groups filed a petition for review with EPA’s Environmental Appeals Board (“EAB”) concerning the reissued permit. The environmental groups alleged that the permit was reissued in contravention of several requirements under the Clean Water Act and did not contain required provisions concerning certain revised ELG, existing-source regulations governing cooling-water intake structures, and effluent limits for surface seepage and subsurface discharges from coal-ash disposal facilities. EPA withdrew the Four Corners NPDES permit in order to examine issues raised by the environmental groups. Withdrawal of the permit moots the appeal pending before the EAB. EAB thereafter dismissed the environmental groups’ appeal. EPA issued an updated NPDES permit in 2019. The permit was once again appealed to the EAB and was stayed before the effective date. Oral argument was heard on September 3, 2020. The EAB issued an order denying the petition for review on September 30, 2020. The denial was based on the EAB’s determination that the petitioners had failed to demonstrate that review of the permit was warranted on any of the grounds presented in the petition. Thereafter, the Regional Administrator of the EPA signed a notice of final permit decision, and the NPDES permit was issued on November 9, 2020. The permit became effective December 1, 2020 and will expire on November 30, 2025. On January 22, 2021, the environmental groups filed a petition for review of the EAB’s decision with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit. The September 2019 permit remains in effect pending this appeal. On March 21, 2022, EPA provided notice in the Federal Register of a proposed settlement agreement with the environmental groups. The parties subsequently executed the settlement agreement as of May 2, 2022. Under the settlement, the associated case was administratively closed through September 6, 2023, during which time a third-party consultant spent 12 months sampling discharges from Four Corners and EPA spent three months completing an analysis. On December 1, 2023, EPA issued a modification, effective December 31, 2023, to the NPDES permit issued on November 9, 2020. The modification applies to permit elements related to effluent discharge. PNM cannot predict whether the analysis under the settlement agreement will result in changes to the NPDES permit but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on PNM’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Effluent Limitation Guidelines
In 2013, EPA published proposed revised wastewater ELG establishing technology-based wastewater discharge limitations for fossil fuel-fired electric power plants. EPA signed the final Steam Electric ELG rule in 2015. The final rule, which became effective on January 4, 2016, phased in the new, more stringent requirements in the form of effluent limits for arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrogen for wastewater discharged from wet scrubber systems and zero discharge of pollutants in ash transport water that must be incorporated into plants’ NPDES permits. The 2015 rule required each plant to comply between 2018 and 2023 depending on when it needs a new or revised NPDES permit.
The Steam Electric ELG rule was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by numerous parties. In 2017, EPA signed a notice indicating its intent to reconsider portions of the rule, and the Fifth Circuit issued an order severing the issues under reconsideration and holding the case in abeyance as to those issues. However, the court allowed challenges to other portions of the rule to proceed. In 2019, the Fifth Circuit granted those challenges and issued an opinion vacating several portions of the rule, specifically those related to legacy wastewater and leachate, for which the court deemed the standards selected by EPA arbitrary and capricious.
In 2017, EPA published a final rule for postponement of certain compliance dates. The rule postponed the earliest date on which compliance with the ELG for these waste streams would be required from November 1, 2018 until November 1, 2020. In 2019, EPA published a proposed rule revising the original ELG while maintaining the compliance dates. In 2020, EPA published in the Federal Register the final Steam Electric ELG and standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category, revising the final 2015 guidelines for both flue gas desulfurization wastewater and bottom ash transport water. The rule requires compliance with new limits as soon as possible on or after October 13, 2021, but no later than December 31, 2025.
On August 3, 2021, EPA published notice that it will undertake a supplemental rulemaking to revise the ELG after completing its review of the rules reconsidered in 2020. As part of this process, EPA will determine whether more stringent limitations and standards are appropriate. On March 29, 2023, EPA published the proposed ELG Rule in the Federal Register.
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The proposed rule includes stricter limitations on bottom ash transport water, flue gas desulfurization, and coal combustion residual leachate. Also included are flexibilities for coal-powered facilities that will soon decommission or repower. With this proposed rule EPA has extended the date of decommissioning or repowering from December 31, 2028, to December 31, 2032. Comments on the proposed rule were due May 30, 2023. A final rule is expected in April 2024.
Reeves Station discharges cooling tower blowdown to a publicly owned treatment plant and no longer holds an NPDES permit; therefore, it is expected that no requirements will be imposed.
See “Cooling Water Intake Structures” above for additional discussion of Four Corners’ current NPDES permit. Four Corners may be required to change equipment and operating practices affecting boilers and ash handling systems, as well as change its waste disposal techniques during the next NPDES permit renewal in 2023. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters or a range of the potential costs of compliance.
Santa Fe Generating Station
PNM and NMED are parties to agreements under which PNM has installed a remediation system to treat water from a City of Santa Fe municipal supply well and an extraction well to address gasoline contamination in the groundwater at the site of PNM’s former Santa Fe Generating Station and service center. A 2008 NMED site inspection report states that neither the source nor extent of contamination at the site has been determined and that the source may not be the former Santa Fe Generating Station. During 2013 and 2014, PNM and NMED collected additional samples that showed elevated concentrations of nitrate and volatile organic compounds in some of the monitoring wells at the site. In addition, one monitoring well contained free-phase hydrocarbon products. PNM collected a sample of the product for “fingerprint” analysis. The results of this analysis indicated the product was a mixture of older and newer fuels. The presence of newer fuels in the sample suggests the hydrocarbon product likely originated from off-site sources. In 2015, PNM and NMED entered into a memorandum of understanding to address changing groundwater conditions at the site under which PNM agreed to continue hydrocarbon investigation under the supervision of NMED. Qualified costs are eligible for payment through the New Mexico Corrective Action Fund (“CAF”), which is administered by the NMED Petroleum Storage Tank Bureau. In 2019, PNM received notice from NMED that an abatement plan for the site is required to address concentrations of previously identified compounds, unrelated to those discussed above, found in the groundwater. NMED approved PNM’s abatement plan proposal, which covers field work and reporting.
Field work related to the investigation under both the CAF and abatement plan requirements was completed and activities and findings associated with the field work were presented in two separate reports and released to stakeholders in early 2020. Subsequent field work was completed in July 2020 and two reports were released supporting PNM’s contention that off-site sources have impacted, and are continuing to impact, the local groundwater in the vicinity of the former Santa Fe Generating Station.
PNM submitted work plans to NMED in January 2021 for review and approval. In December 2021, NMED approved both work plans and work activities were completed by the end of 2022. A report was submitted to the NMED in the first quarter of 2023.
Groundwater sampling for the abatement plan’s first semiannual work commenced at the beginning of March 2023 and was completed in April 2023. The associated report was completed and submitted to the NMED in July 2023. In addition, the work plan for the 2023 CAF work was completed and submitted to the NMED in July 2023. NMED approved the work plan in December 2023 and PNM is working to schedule the associated activities.
The City of Santa Fe has stopped operating its well at the site, which is needed for PNM’s groundwater remediation system to operate. As a result, PNM has stopped performing remediation activities at the site. However, PNM’s monitoring and other abatement activities at the site are ongoing and will continue until the groundwater meets applicable federal and state standards or until the NMED determines remediation is not required, whichever is earlier. PNM is not able to assess the duration of this project or estimate the impact on its obligations if PNM is required to resume groundwater remediation activities at the site. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters.
Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal
CCRs consisting of fly ash, bottom ash, and gypsum generated from coal combustion and emission control equipment at SJGS are currently disposed of in the surface mine pits adjacent to the plant. SJGS does not operate any CCR impoundments or landfills. The NMMMD currently regulates mine reclamation activities at the San Juan mine, including placement of CCRs in
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the surface mine pits, with federal oversight by the OSM. APS disposes of CCRs in ponds and dry storage areas at Four Corners. Ash management at Four Corners is regulated by EPA and the New Mexico State Engineer’s Office.
EPA’s final coal ash rule, which became effective in 2015, included a non-hazardous waste determination for coal ash and sets minimum criteria for existing and new CCR landfills and surface impoundments. In 2016, the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (the “WIIN Act”) was signed into law to address critical water infrastructure needs in the U.S. and contains a number of provisions related to the CCR rules. Among other things, the WIIN Act allows, but does not require, states to develop and submit CCR permit programs for EPA approval, provides flexibility for states to incorporate EPA’s final rule for CCRs or develop other criteria that are at least as protective as EPA’s final rule, and requires EPA to approve state permit programs within 180 days of submission by the state. Because states are not required to implement their own CCR permit programs, EPA will implement the permit program in states that choose not to implement a program, subject to Congressional funding. Until permit programs are in effect, EPA has authority to directly enforce the CCR rule. For facilities located within the boundaries of Native American reservations, such as the Navajo Nation where Four Corners is located, EPA is required to develop a federal permit program regardless of appropriated funds.
In 2018, EPA published a rule that constitutes “Phase One, Part One” of its ongoing reconsideration and revision of the April 17, 2015, CCR rule. The final Phase One, Part One rule includes two types of revisions. The first revision extended the deadline to allow EGUs with unlined impoundments or that fail to meet the uppermost aquifer requirement to continue to receive coal ash until October 31, 2020. This deadline was again extended by subsequent amendments. The rule also authorized a “Participating State Director” or EPA to approve suspension of groundwater monitoring requirements and to issue certifications related to the location restrictions, design criteria, groundwater monitoring, remedy selection and implementation. The rule also modified groundwater protection standards for certain constituents, which include cobalt, molybdenum, lithium, and lead without a maximum contamination level.
In 2019, EPA published a second round of revisions, which are commonly referred to as the “Phase Two” revisions. Phase Two proposed revisions to reporting and accessibility to public information, the “CCR piles” and “beneficial use” definitions and the requirements for management of CCR piles. EPA has reopened and extended the Phase Two comment period several times. EPA has not yet finalized provisions in Phase Two related to beneficial use of CCR and CCR piles. This activity is on EPA’s long-term agenda, which means EPA has no plans to address these issues in the next 12 months.
Since promulgating its Phase Two proposal, EPA has finalized two other rules addressing various CCR rule provisions. In 2019, EPA promulgated its proposed Holistic Approach to Closure Part A (“Part A”), which proposed a new deadline of August 31, 2020, for companies to initiate closure of unlined CCR impoundments. In accordance with the DC Circuit Court of Appeals’ vacatur of portions of the CCR Rule, Part A also proposed changing the classification of compacted soil-lined or clay-lined surface impoundments from “lined” to “unlined”. In addition, Part A delineated a process for owners/operators to submit requests for alternative closure deadlines based on lack of alternate disposal capacity. EPA issued the final Part A, which became effective on September 28, 2020. This rule finalized the classification of soil-lined and clay-lined surface impoundments as unlined, thus, triggering closure or retrofit requirements for those impoundments. The final Part A also gave operators of unlined impoundments until April 11, 2021 to cease receipt of waste at these units and initiate closure.
In 2020, EPA issued the proposed Holistic Approach to Closure Part B (“Part B”), which delineated the process for owners/operators to submit alternate liner demonstrations for clay-lined surface impoundments that could otherwise meet applicable requirements. Part B also proposed regulations addressing beneficial use for closure of surface impoundments. EPA issued the final Part B rule, which became effective on December 14, 2020. This rule did not include beneficial use of CCR for closure, which EPA explains will be addressed in subsequent rulemaking actions. On May 18, 2023, EPA published a proposed rule on the regulatory requirements for inactive surface impoundments at inactive facilities including groundwater monitoring, corrective action, closure, and post-closure care requirements for all CCR management units (regardless of how or when that CCR was placed), and several technical corrections to the existing regulations. Comments on the proposed rule were due July 17, 2023. A final rule is expected April 2024. EPA intends to issue other rulemakings and finalizing parts of previously proposed rules, including a final rule in October 2024 on remaining Part B issues regarding closure options and annual reporting.
In 2020, EPA published a proposed rule establishing a federal permitting program for the handling of CCR within the boundaries of Native American reservations and in states without their own federally authorized state programs. Permits for units within the boundaries of Native American reservations would be due 18 months after the effective date of the rule. According to the Fall 2023 Regulatory Agenda the final rule is expected in March 2026. EPA is coordinating with the affected permits for the three facilities with CCR disposal units located on Native American lands. PNM cannot predict the outcome of
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EPA’s rulemaking activity or the outcome of any related litigation, and whether or how such a ruling would affect operations at Four Corners.
The CCR rule does not cover mine placement of coal ash. OSM is expected to publish a proposed rule covering mine placement in the future and will likely be influenced by EPA’s rule and the determination by EPA that CCRs are non-hazardous. PNM cannot predict the outcome of OSM’s proposed rulemaking regarding CCR regulation, including mine placement of CCRs, or whether OSM’s actions will have a material impact on PNM’s operations, financial position, or cash flows. Based upon the requirements of the final Part A CCR rule, PNM conducted a CCR assessment at SJGS and made minor modifications at the plant to ensure that there are no facilities that would be considered impoundments or landfills under the rule. PNM would seek recovery from its retail customers of all CCR costs for jurisdictional assets that are ultimately incurred.
Utilities that own or operate CCR disposal units, such as those at Four Corners, as indicated above, were required to collect sufficient groundwater sampling data to initiate a detection monitoring program. Four Corners completed the analysis for its CCR disposal units, which identified several units that needed corrective action or needed to cease operations and initiate closure by April 11, 2021. Work is ongoing. Four Corners continues to gather additional groundwater data and perform remedial evaluations and activities. At this time, PNM does not anticipate its share of the cost to complete these corrective actions to close the CCR disposal units, or to gather and perform remedial evaluations on groundwater at Four Corners, will have a significant impact on its operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Other Commitments and Contingencies
Coal Supply
SJGS
The coal requirements for SJGS were supplied by WSJ LLC. Pricing under the SJGS CSA was primarily fixed, with adjustments to reflect changes in general inflation. Substantially all of SJGS’s coal costs were passed through the FPPAC. See additional discussion of PNM’s SJGS Abandonment Application Note 17.
Four Corners
APS purchases all of Four Corners’ coal requirements from NTEC, an entity owned by the Navajo Nation, under the Four Corners CSA that expires in 2031. The coal comes from reserves located within the Navajo Nation. The contract provides for pricing adjustments over its term based on economic indices and includes certain minimum payments that may be required if no deliveries of coal are taken. As of December 31, 2023 those minimum payments were $39.9 million for 2024, $81.8 million for 2025 and 2026, $83.8 million for 2027 and 2028, and $111.6 million for 2029 and thereafter. PNM’s share of the coal costs is being recovered through the FPPAC.
Coal Mine Reclamation
As indicated under Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal above, SJGS disposed of CCRs in the surface mine pits adjacent to the plant and Four Corners disposes of CCRs in ponds and dry storage areas.
Under the terms of the SJGS CSA, PNM and the other SJGS owners are obligated to compensate WSJ LLC for all reclamation costs associated with the supply of coal from the San Juan mine. PNM and Westmoreland have entered into an agreement under which mine reclamation services for SJGS would be provided. In 2020, a mine reclamation cost study was completed for the mine that serves SJGS. PNM’s estimate of the costs necessary to reclaim the mine that serves SJGS is subject to many assumptions, including the timing of reclamation, generally accepted practices at the time reclamation activities occur, and current inflation and discount rates. PNM cannot predict the ultimate cost to reclaim the mine that serves SJGS and would seek to recover all costs related to reclaiming the underground mine from its customers but could be exposed to additional loss related to surface mine reclamation. Additionally, in connection with certain mining permits relating to the operation of the San Juan mine, Westmoreland was required to post reclamation bonds of $118.7 million with the NMMMD. In order to facilitate the posting of reclamation bonds by sureties on behalf of Westmoreland, PNMR entered into the WFB LOC Facility under which letters of credit aggregating $30.3 million have been issued.
A coal mine reclamation study for the mine that serves Four Corners was issued in 2019. The study reflected operation of the mine through 2031, the term of the Four Corners CSA. As discussed in Note 17, PNM remains responsible for its share of costs associated with mine reclamation under the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement with NTEC. The Company is evaluating the facts and circumstances surrounding the exit of Four Corners and will determine next steps.
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Based on the most recent estimates, PNM’s remaining payments for mine reclamation, in future dollars, are estimated to be $53.6 million for the surface mines at both SJGS and Four Corners and $30.4 million for the underground mine at SJGS as of December 31, 2023. At December 31, 2023 and 2022, liabilities, in current dollars, of $50.0 million and $62.6 million for surface mine reclamation and $26.2 million and $28.2 million for underground mine reclamation were recorded in other deferred credits.
The SJGS owners entered into a reclamation trust funds agreement to provide funding to compensate WSJ LLC for post-term reclamation obligations. The trust funds agreement requires each owner to enter into an individual trust agreement with a financial institution as trustee, create an irrevocable reclamation trust, and periodically deposit funds into the reclamation trust for the owner’s share of the mine reclamation obligation. Deposits, which are based on funding curves, must be made on an annual basis. PNM funded $2.7 million in 2023, $10.0 million in 2022, and $5.2 million in 2021. Based on PNM’s reclamation trust fund balance at December 31, 2023, the current funding curves indicate PNM’s required contributions to its reclamation trust fund would be zero in each of the years 2024, 2025, and 2026.
Under the Four Corners CSA, PNM is required to fund its share of estimated final reclamation costs in annual installments into an irrevocable escrow account solely dedicated to the final reclamation cost of the surface mine at Four Corners. PNM contributed $0.2 million in 2023, $2.4 million in 2022, and $2.2 million in 2021 and anticipates providing additional funding of $2.1 million in each of the years 2024 and 2025.
PNM recovers from retail customers reclamation costs associated with the underground mine. However, the NMPRC capped the amount collected from retail customers for final reclamation of the surface mines at $100.0 million for both SJGS and Four Corners. If future estimates increase the liability for surface mine reclamation, the excess would be expensed at that time. The impacts of changes in New Mexico state law as a result of the enactment of the ETA and regulatory determinations made by the NMPRC may also affect PNM’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. See additional discussion regarding PNM’s SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment Applications in Note 17. PNM is currently unable to determine the outcome of these matters or the range of possible impacts.
SJGS Decommissioning
On November 9, 2021, the San Juan County Commission approved the Coal-Fired Electricity Generating Facility Demolition and Remediation Ordinance (“Ordinance 121”), requiring the full demolition of SJGS upon its complete and permanent closure. Ordinance 121 required the SJGS owners to submit a proposed demolition and remediation plan no later than three months after SJGS was retired. The SJGS owners submitted the decommissioning and remediation plan on December 28, 2022. In connection with restructuring of the SJGS ownership on December 31, 2017, PNM and the other SJGS owners entered into the San Juan Decommissioning and Trust Funds Agreement, which requires PNM to fund its ownership share of final decommissioning costs into an irrevocable trust. Under the agreement, PNM made an initial funding of $14.7 million in December 2022. The amount and timing of additional trust funding is subject to revised decommissioning cost studies and agreement among the SJGS owners. PNM has posted a surety bond in the amount of $46.0 million in connection with certain environmental decommissioning obligations and must maintain the bond or other financial assurance until those obligations are satisfied. The surety bond only represents a liability if the SJGS owners fail to deliver on its contractual liability. For information regarding the impact of Ordinance 121 on PNM’s SJGS decommissioning ARO see Note 15.
PNM records its share of the SJGS decommissioning obligation as an ARO on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Studies on the decommissioning costs of SJGS are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liability are recorded. In the third quarter of 2022, a new decommissioning cost study was completed, which required PNM to remeasure its SJGS decommissioning ARO. The new study resulted in an estimated decrease to PNM’s share of the decommissioning obligation of $21.1 million, which was recorded in September 2022. Additional information concerning the Company’s SJGS decommissioning ARO is contained in Note 15.
PVNGS Liability and Insurance Matters
Public liability for incidents at nuclear power plants is governed by the Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act, which limits the liability of nuclear reactor owners to the amount of insurance available from both commercial sources and an industry-wide retrospective payment plan. The insurance limit is subject to an adjustment every five years based upon the aggregate percentage change in the CPI. The most recent adjustment took effect on October 5, 2023. As of that date, in accordance with this act, the PVNGS participants are insured against public liability exposure for a nuclear incident up to $16.3 billion per occurrence. PVNGS maintains the maximum available nuclear liability insurance in the amount of $500 million, which is provided by American Nuclear Insurers. The remaining $15.8 billion is provided through a mandatory industry-wide retrospective assessment program. If losses at any nuclear power plant covered by the program exceed the accumulated funds,
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
PNM could be assessed retrospective premium adjustments. Based on PNM’s interest in the three PVNGS units, as of December 31, 2023, PNM’s maximum potential retrospective premium assessment per incident for all three units is $37.7 million, with a maximum annual payment limitation of $5.6 million. After the expiration of the PVNGS Unit 1 and 2 leases in January 2023 and January 2024, PNM’s maximum potential retrospective premium assessment per incident for all three units is $36.3 million, with a maximum annual payment limitation of $5.4 million, to be adjusted periodically for inflation.
The PVNGS participants maintain insurance for damage to, and decontamination of, property at PVNGS in the aggregate amount of $2.8 billion, a substantial portion of which must first be applied to stabilization and decontamination. These coverages are provided by Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (“NEIL”). The primary policy offered by NEIL contains a sublimit of $2.25 billion for non-nuclear property damage. If NEIL’s losses in any policy year exceed accumulated funds, PNM is subject to retrospective premium adjustments of $4.9 million. The insurance coverages discussed in this and the previous paragraph are subject to certain policy conditions, sublimits, and exclusions.
(17)Regulatory and Rate Matters
The Company is involved in various regulatory matters, some of which contain contingencies that are subject to the same uncertainties as those described in Note 16.
PNMR
Merger Regulatory Proceedings
On October 20, 2020, PNMR, Avangrid and Merger Sub entered into the Merger Agreement pursuant to which Merger Sub would have merged with and into PNMR, with PNMR surviving the Merger as a wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid. The Merger Agreement provided that it may be terminated by each of PNMR and Avangrid if the Effective Time shall not have occurred by December 31, 2023 End Date. On December 31, 2023, Avangrid informed PNMR that it was terminating the Merger Agreement effective as of December 31, 2023.
PNM
New Mexico General Rate Case
2024 Rate Change
On December 5, 2022, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for a general increase in retail electric rates. The requested change primarily reflects investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure, largely offset by cost reductions resulting from PNM’s transition to lower-cost, clean generation resources.
Key aspects of PNM’s request:
•Recovery on total rate base of $2.7 billion, based on a calendar year 2024 FTY.
•An increase of $63.8 million in retail non-fuel revenues
•ROE of 10.25%
•Rate adjustments to resolve revenue deficiencies, including:
◦Needed investments in transmission, distribution, and generation facilities for six years of operations, covering 2019 through 2024. In particular, PNM is focused on expanding and improving its aging infrastructure to provide the underlying infrastructure crucial to a successful energy transition and to support distribution generation.
◦Cost reductions from closing SJGS and the expiration of 114 MW leased PVNGS capacity.
◦Lower-cost replacements for SJGS and PVNGS using renewable energy purchases and battery storage systems. Some of these costs will be reflected in PNM’s requested base rates, while energy purchases will flow through PNM’s FPPAC.
◦Updated depreciation rates, including new terminal dates, for natural gas plants to align with the Company’s 2040 carbon-free portfolio goal.
◦Proposed customer-oriented services, such as fee-free payment options, and increased payment location options to address the needs of customers.
◦Increasing operating costs reflecting six years of inflation, including the impacts of today’s current high inflation and the expenses that come with providing quality electric service to customers. Distribution
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
maintenance increases also are necessary to enhance vegetation management programs to protect lines and support wildfire mitigation efforts. PNM has endeavored to keep operating costs below inflationary levels.
◦Increased energy sales and customer loads since PNM’s last filing help cover the increased cost of doing business as PNM continues the energy transition.
◦Overall cost of capital based on PNM’s actual regulatory capital structure of 52% equity / 48% debt, reflecting the increase in the ROE that shareholders require to fund new investments in PNM’s system, which is partially offset by lower cost of debt.
•Proposed ratemaking treatment of PVNGS Leased Interest and testimony supporting the prudence of PNM’s decisions to renew the five leases and repurchase 64.1 MW of PVNGS Unit 2 capacity regarding PVNGS; see PVNGS Lease Abandonment Application below.
•Proposed return of the unamortized unprotected portion of excess deferred federal income taxes to customers over a five-year period, beginning when rates from the case go into effect.
•TOD pilot proposal with the objective of incentivizing customers, through price signals, to use energy during the day when renewable generation is abundant.
The NMPRC suspended PNM’s advice notice in the case for the statutory suspension period, through January 4, 2024 and hearings were held from September 5, 2023 through September 22, 2023.
On December 8, 2023, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD proposed an increase in non-fuel revenues of $6.1 million compared to the $63.8 million increase requested by PNM. Major components of the difference in the increase in non-fuel revenues proposed in the RD, included:
•A ROE of 9.26% compared to the 10.25% requested by PNM.
•Finding of prudency regarding PNM’s decision to remain in Four Corners and a remedy for the prudency to be a disallowance to PNM’s total Four Corners net book value by $84.8 million.
•Approval of $51.3 million of PNM’s requested $96.3 million regulatory asset for PVNGS undepreciated investments, but disallowance of a return on the remaining $45.0 million or any CWIP associated with it.
•Recommended capital structure of 49.61% equity, 50.10% debt, and 0.29% preferred stock.
The RD recommended that the NMPRC approve a regulatory liability associated with the leased capacity at PVNGS after the Unit 1 lease expired on January 15, 2023, but disallowed associated carrying costs, to be returned to customers over 5 years. The RD also recommended deferring a decision on future PVNGS decommissioning costs. In addition, the RD recommended continuation of PNM’s FPPAC and certain aspects of PNM’s proposals regarding rate design, but would not approve certain other rate design proposals or PNM’s request for a TOD pilot program. The RD proposed approving PNM’s proposals for revised depreciation rates, except for PNM’s request for accelerated depreciation of gas plants. The RD proposed approving PNM’s requested regulatory assets and liabilities, including deferred costs related to COVID-19. PNM disagreed with many of the key conclusions reached by the hearing examiners in the RD and filed exceptions to defend its prudent utility investments. Other parties also filed exceptions to the RD.
On January 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order authorizing PNM to implement an increase in non-fuel base rates of $15.3 million, effective for service beginning January 15, 2024. The order largely adopted the RD, but with modifications that included:
•Requiring that the $38.4 million regulatory liability associated with leased capacity at PVNGS after the Unit 1 lease expired on January 15, 2023, be returned to ratepayers over two years through a separate rate rider.
•The approval of accelerated depreciation of PNM’s gas plants with service lives and depreciable lives extending beyond January 1, 2045, which would include PNM’s La Luz and Luna generating stations.
•The approval of PNM’s TOD pilot program, with a requirement to make annual compliance filings and to adjust certain rate schedules.
•Ordered PNM to update the remedy associated with Four Corners, resulting in a disallowance of $81.0 million to PNM’s total Four Corners net book value.
GAAP requires a loss be recognized when it is probable that a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss can be reasonably estimated. As of December 31, 2023, PNM evaluated the outcome of the NMPRC final order in the 2024 Rate Change and recorded a regulatory disallowance of $55.5 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding reduction to Utility Plant, after accounting for previous impairments, to reflect the remedy adopted in the Final Order for Four Corners prudency determination. In addition, PNM recorded a reduction to electric operating revenues of $38.4 million with a corresponding current regulatory liability of $19.2 million and a deferred regulatory liability of
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
$19.2 million for the PVNGS rate refunds that will be returned to customers over a two-year period. PNM also recorded a regulatory disallowance of $8.2 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding reduction to Utility Plant for the disallowance of CWIP from PVNGS.
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard
As discussed in Note 16, the ETA amends the REA including removal of diversity requirements and certain customer caps and exemptions relating to the application of the RPS under the REA.
The REA provides for streamlined proceedings for approval of utilities’ renewable energy procurement plans, assures that utilities recover costs incurred consistent with approved procurement plans, and requires the NMPRC to establish a Reasonable Cost Threshold (“RCT”) for the procurement of renewable resources to prevent excessive costs being added to rates. The ETA sets a RCT of $60 per MWh, adjusted for inflation, using an average annual levelized resource cost basis. PNM makes renewable procurements consistent with the NMPRC approved plans and recovers certain renewable procurement costs from customers through the renewable energy rider billed on a KWh basis.
Included in PNM’s approved procurement plans are the following renewable energy resources:
•158 MW of PNM-owned solar-PV facilities
•A PPA through 2044 for the output of New Mexico Wind, having a current aggregate capacity of 200 MW, and a PPA through 2035 for the output of Red Mesa Wind, having an aggregate capacity of 102 MW
•A PPA through 2040 for 140 MW of output from La Joya Wind II
•A PPA through 2042 for the output of the Lightning Dock Geothermal facility with a current capacity of 11 MW
•Solar distributed generation, aggregating 281.6 MW at December 31, 2023, owned by customers or third parties from whom PNM purchases any net excess output and RECs
The NMPRC has authorized PNM to recover certain renewable procurement costs through a rate rider billed on a per KWh basis. In its 2023 renewable energy procurement plan, which became effective on January 1, 2023, PNM proposed to collect $61.0 million for the year. On June 1, 2023, PNM filed its renewable energy procurement plan for 2024 which proposes to collect $59.0 million for the year. PNM is not proposing any new resource procurements, and the plan states that existing projects are anticipated to exceed the applicable RPS standards of 2024. On November 17, 2023, the NMPRC issued a final order adopting all of PNM’s requests. The 2024 renewable energy procurement plan became effective on January 1, 2024.
The following sets forth PNM’s revenues recorded for the renewable energy rider:

Year Ended |  | Annual Revenues
|  | (In millions)
2021 |  | $61.7
2022 |  | 60.3
2023 |  | 56.9

Under the renewable rider, if PNM’s earned rate of return on jurisdictional equity in a calendar year, adjusted for items not representative of normal operations, exceeds the NMPRC-approved rate by 0.5%, PNM is required to refund the excess to customers during May through December of the following year. PNM slightly exceeded this limitation in 2022 and accordingly, recorded a current regulatory liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and a reduction to electric operating revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings as of and for the period ending December 31, 2022. On March 31, 2023, PNM filed an affidavit that provides documentation that PNM’s ROE for 2022 was 10.173%, exceeding a 10.075% return (9.575% allowed ROE plus 0.5%). PNM began refunding the excess to customers effective May 1, 2023. PNM does not expect to exceed the limitation in 2023.
Energy Efficiency and Load Management
Program Costs and Incentives/Disincentives
The New Mexico Efficient Use of Energy Act (“EUEA”) requires public utilities to achieve specified levels of energy savings and to obtain NMPRC approval to implement energy efficiency and load management programs. The EUEA requires the NMPRC to remove utility disincentives to implementing energy efficiency and load management programs and to provide incentives for such programs. The NMPRC has adopted a rule to implement this act. PNM’s costs to implement approved programs and incentives are recovered through a rate rider. During the 2019 New Mexico legislative session, the EUEA was
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
amended to, among other things, include a decoupling mechanism for disincentives, preclude a reduction to a utility’s ROE based on approval of disincentive or incentive mechanisms, establish energy savings targets for the period 2021 through 2025, and require that annual program funding be 3% to 5% of an electric utility’s annual customer bills excluding gross receipt taxes, franchise and right-of-way access fees, provided that a customer’s annual cost does not exceed seventy-five thousand dollars.
On April 15, 2020, PNM filed an application for energy efficiency and load management programs to be offered in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The proposed program portfolio consists of twelve programs with a total annual budget of $31.4 million in 2021, $31.0 million in 2022, and $29.6 million in 2023. The application also sought approval of an annual base incentive of 7.1% of the portfolio budget if PNM were to achieve energy savings of at least 80 GWh in a year. The proposed incentive would increase if PNM was able to achieve savings greater than 94 GWh in a year. On October 28, 2020, the NMPRC issued an order adopting the recommended decision in its entirety.
On April 17, 2023, PNM filed an application for energy efficiency and load management programs to be offered in 2024, 2025, and 2026 (the “2024 Plan”). The 2024 Plan proposes to continue ten existing energy efficiency programs with modification and a total annual budget of $34.5 million in 2024, $35.4 million in 2025, and $36.5 million in 2026. The application also sought approval of an annual base incentive of 7.1% of the portfolio budget and a sliding scale that provides additional incentive for additional energy saved as a percentage of program cost, up to the maximum allowed by the energy efficiency rule which for PNM is 8.82%. Hearings were held on October 18, 2023. On November 22, 2023, PNM filed a proposed recommended decision with the NMPRC, with edits from WRA, CCAE, and the NMAG representing a neutral position, excluding contested issues. Briefs were filed on December 29, 2023 and response briefs were filed on January 12, 2024. On January 26, 2024, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD largely approves PNM’s 2024 Plan but with modifications that include the pursuit of demand response resources, additional analysis in future filings, adjustments to certain energy efficiency programs, and modification of the incentive sliding scale cap to reflect a new maximum. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of this matter.
2020 Decoupling Petition
As discussed above, the legislature amended the EUEA to, among other things, include a decoupling mechanism for disincentives. On May 28, 2020, PNM filed a petition for approval of a rate adjustment mechanism that would decouple the rates of its residential and small power rate classes. Decoupling is a rate design principle that severs the link between the recovery of fixed costs of the utility through volumetric charges. On July 13, 2020, NEE, ABCWUA, the City of Albuquerque, and Bernalillo County filed motions to dismiss the petition on the grounds that approving PNM’s proposed rate adjustment mechanism outside of a general rate case would result in retroactive ratemaking and piecemeal ratemaking. The motions to dismiss also alleged that PNM’s proposed rate adjustment mechanism is inconsistent with the EUEA. On October 2, 2020, PNM requested an order to vacate the public hearing, scheduled to begin October 13, 2020, and staying the proceeding until the NMPRC decides whether to entertain a petition to issue a declaratory order resolving the issues raised in the motions to dismiss. On October 7, 2020, the hearing examiner approved PNM’s request to stay the proceeding and vacate the public hearing and required PNM to file a petition for declaratory order by October 30, 2020. On October 30, 2020, PNM filed a petition for declaratory order asking the NMPRC to issue an order finding that full revenue decoupling is authorized by the EUEA. On November 4, 2020, ABCWUA and Bernalillo County jointly filed a competing petition asking the NMPRC to issue a declaratory order on the EUEA’s requirements related to disincentives. On March 17, 2021, the NMPRC issued an order granting the petitions for declaratory order, commencing a declaratory order proceeding to address the petitions and appointing a hearing examiner to preside over the declaratory order proceeding.
On January 14, 2022, the hearing examiner issued a recommended decision recommending the NMPRC find that the EUEA does not mandate the NMPRC to authorize or approve a full decoupling mechanism, defining full decoupling as limited to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs. The recommended decision also states that a utility may request approval of a rate adjustment mechanism to remove regulatory disincentives to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs through a stand-alone petition, as part of the utility’s triennial energy efficiency application or a general rate case and that PNM is not otherwise precluded from petitioning for a rate adjustment mechanism prior to its next general rate case. Finally, the recommended decision stated that the EUEA does not permit the NMPRC to reduce a utility’s ROE based on approval of a disincentive removal mechanism founded on removing regulatory disincentives to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs. The recommended decision does not specifically prohibit a downward adjustment to a utility’s capital structure, based on approval of a disincentive removal mechanism. On April 27, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order adopting the recommended decision in its entirety. On May 24, 2022, PNM filed a notice of appeal with the NM Supreme Court. The NM Supreme Court held oral arguments on November 13, 2023. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Integrated Resource Plans
NMPRC rules require that investor-owned utilities file an IRP every three years. The IRP is required to cover a 20-year planning period and contain an action plan covering the first three years of that period. On September 14, 2022, the NMPRC adopted revisions to the IRP Rule. The new rule revamps and modernizes the planning process to accommodate increased stakeholder involvement. The IRP Rule establishes a collaborative facilitated process for a utility and stakeholders to agree on a statement of need for potential new or additional resources, as well as an action plan to guide procurement or development of resources to meet the stated need. A most-cost-effective portfolio of resources shall be derived from the statement of need analysis. The statement of need and action plan must be accepted before the utility begins the resource solicitation process pursuant to the IRP Rule. Following acceptance of the statement of need and action plan, a utility will provide the NMPRC and intervenors drafts of the request for proposals (“RFP”) and a timeline for issuing, receiving, evaluating, and ranking bids. The NMPRC will then appoint an Independent Monitor (“IM”) to oversee the RFP process, which allows for parties and the IM to comment on the RFP consistency with the IRP, after which the utility issues the RFP. Within 120 days of receiving bids the utility shall provide the IM with results including pricing and non-price evaluation criteria, ranking of bids, chosen portfolio and alternatives that also meet the needs; the IM then rules on the fairness of the RFP execution. Acceptance of the statement of need and action plan will not constitute a finding of prudency or pre-approval of costs associated with the additional resources. Following the RFP and IM processes, the utility may apply for approvals, and any costs incurred to implement the action plan will be considered in a general rate case and/or resource acquisition proceeding. On October 14, 2022, PNM and other investor-owned utilities filed motions for rehearing with the NMPRC. On October 26, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order partially granting and partially denying certain aspects of PNM’s and the other investor-owned utilities’ motions for rehearing. On November 2, 2022, the NMPRC adopted an amended IRP Rule. On December 2, 2022, PNM filed an appeal with the NM Supreme Court. Two other investor-owned utilities also separately filed appeals at the NM Supreme Court. On January 3, 2023, PNM and the two other investor-owned utilities filed statements of issues with the NM Supreme Court. Among other things, the investor-owned utilities question whether the IRP Rule exceeds the NMPRC authority by imposing unauthorized requirements on utilities and extending NMPRC jurisdiction through over-broad interpretation of the statutes and state that the IRP Rule is contrary to law in its provisions for NMPRC regulation of a utility’s resource procurement decision-making. On June 5, 2023, PNM and the other two investor-owned utilities filed their Joint Brief in Chief and request for oral arguments at the NM Supreme Court. On November 22, 2023, the NM Supreme Court scheduled oral arguments for May 13, 2024. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
2023 IRP
In the second quarter of 2022, PNM initiated its 2023 IRP process which covers the 20-year planning period from 2023 through 2042. Consistent with past IRPs, PNM received public input from interested parties as part of this process. On December 15, 2023, PNM filed its 2023 IRP with a continued focus on a carbon-free energy system by 2040. The plan highlights the need for the significant sustained addition of resources over the next two decades, replacing retiring or expiring capacity, meeting concurrent load growth, while reducing the carbon intensity of PNM’s portfolio. Public comments were filed on January 30, 2024, with NMPRC action due by April 15, 2024. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
Abandonment Applications made under the ETA
As discussed in Note 16, the ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fueled generating resources to renewable and carbon-free resources by allowing utilities to issue energy transition bonds related to the retirement of certain coal-fired generating facilities, to qualified investors.
SJGS Abandonment Application
In 2019, PNM filed a Consolidated Application for the Abandonment and Replacement of SJGS and Related Securitized Financing Pursuant to the ETA (the “SJGS Abandonment Application”). The SJGS Abandonment Application sought NMPRC approval to retire PNM’s share of SJGS after the coal supply and participation agreements end in 2022, for approval of replacement resources, and for the issuance of approximately $361 million of energy transition bonds (the “Securitized Bonds”). PNM’s request for the issuance of Securitized Bonds included approximately $283 million of forecasted undepreciated investments in SJGS at June 30, 2022, an estimated $28.6 million for plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation costs, $9.6 million in upfront financing costs, and $20.0 million for job training and severance costs for affected employees. Proceeds from the Securitized Bonds would also be used to fund $19.8 million for economic development in the Four Corners area. At December 31, 2022, PNM had deferred regulatory assets of $37.2 million on PNMR’s and PNM’s Consolidated Balance Sheets for job training and severance, payments to promote economic development, and other upfront
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
financing costs. The NMPRC issued an order requiring the SJGS Abandonment Application be considered in two proceedings: one addressing SJGS abandonment and related financing, and the other addressing replacement resources.
In 2020, the NMPRC approved PNM’s proposed abandonment of SJGS, subject to approval of replacement resources, and approved PNM’s proposed financing order to issue Securitized Bonds up to $361 million and establish a rate rider to collect non-bypassable customer charges for repayment of the bonds, subject to semi-annual adjustments (the “Energy Transition Charge”). The NMPRC authorized an interim rate rider adjustment upon the start date of the Energy Transition Charge to provide immediate credits to customers for the full value of PNM’s revenue requirement related to SJGS until those reductions are reflected in base rates. The NMPRC also granted PNM authority to establish regulatory assets to recover costs that PNM will pay prior to the issuance of the Securitized Bonds, including costs associated with the bond issuances as well as for severances, job training, economic development, and workforce training.
On September 29, 2022, SJGS was removed from service and as a result, PNM made the following adjustments reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2022:

|  | Net Increase (decrease)
|  | (In thousands)
Current Assets: |  |
Inventory |  | $ | (6,430) |
Utility Plant: |  |
Net utility plant |  | (382,798) |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |
Regulatory assets - ETA (1) |  | 289,381 |
Regulatory assets - Non-ETA (2) |  | 22,593 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |
Regulatory liabilities (3) |  | (77,254) |
|  | $ | — |

(1) To be recovered through the Energy Transition Charge, which includes undepreciated investments of $274.9 million and plant decommissioning of $14.5 million, previously reflected in Net utility plant.
(2) Authorized to be recorded as regulatory assets for certain other abandonment costs that are not specifically addressed under the provisions of the ETA to preserve its ability to recover the costs in a future general rate case, which includes obsolete inventory of $6.4 million and plant decommissioning of $16.2 million, previously reflected in Net utility plant.
(3) Includes cost of removal and accelerated depreciation of SNCRs.
On February 28, 2022, WRA and CCAE filed a joint motion for order to show cause and enforce financing order and supporting brief, which requested that the NMPRC order PNM to show cause why its rates should not be reduced at the time SJGS was abandoned even if the issuance of Securitized Bonds occurs at a later date.
On June 17, 2022, the hearing examiners issued a recommended decision requesting the NMPRC issue an order that would require PNM to:
•Revise its rates to remove all of the costs of SJGS Unit 1 by issuing rate refunds of $21.1 million on an annual basis, to customers by July 1, 2022
•Revise its rates again, to remove all costs of SJGS Unit 1, Unit 4, and common facilities by increasing the rate refunds to $98.3 million on an annual basis, by October 1, 2022
•Transfer payments due and owing to the Indian Affairs Fund, Economic Development Assistance Fund, and the Displaced Workers Assistance Fund within 30 days of the abandonment of SJGS Unit 1
•Include (in its next rate case application) an explanation and defense of the prudence in the timing of the issuance of Securitized Bonds beyond the abandonment dates and what actions were taken to protect customers from interest rate increases occurring as well as the continued marketability of the Securitized Bonds issued
On June 29, 2022, the NMPRC issued its final order adopting and approving the recommended decision in its entirety with certain additions. The additions to the final order include requirements for PNM file a report, no later than October 15, 2022, that contains a record of all its costs incurred in the show cause proceeding so that the prudence of those costs will be known and be subject to review in PNM’s future rate case and that the prudency review shall include a compliance filing to enable a review of the prudence of PNM’s decision to delay bond issuance beyond the dates of the SJGS abandonment. On June 30, 2022, PNM filed a Notice of Appeal and an Emergency Motion for Partial Interim Stay of the NMPRC’s Final Order
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
with the NM Supreme Court. Subsequently, on July 25, 2022, PNM filed another emergency motion seeking an immediate and ongoing stay from the NM Supreme Court for the pendency of the appeal. In the interim, PNM began issuing rate refunds effective July 31, 2022, and PNM made payments totaling $19.8 million to the Indian Affairs Fund, Economic Development Assistance Fund, and the Displaced Workers Assistance Fund. On September 2, 2022, the NM Supreme Court issued an order granting PNM’s July 25, 2022 motion for partial stay and as a result PNM suspended issuing rate refunds. On October 14, 2022, PNM made its required compliance filing under the NMPRC’s June 29, 2022 final order. On November 15, 2022, PNM filed a supplemental compliance filing to its October 14, 2022 compliance filing. On May 22, 2023, PNM filed its Brief in Chief with the NM Supreme Court requesting the final order be vacated, and remanded back to the NMPRC, to properly apply the ETA and financing order to issue Securitized Bonds.
On August 18, 2023, PNM, along with the intervening parties in the pending appeal of the matter addressing customer bill credits and resolution of the remaining steps involved in the SJGS retirement under the ETA, filed an Unopposed Joint Motion for Abeyance and Remand to Implement Settlement and Request for Expedited Order at the NM Supreme Court. In the motion, the parties asked the NM Supreme Court to hold the appeal in abeyance and remand the matter to the NMPRC to allow the NMPRC to consider and take formal action on a unanimous proposed settlement on remand. Under the terms of the unanimous settlement, PNM would provide $115.0 million in rate refunds to customers over a one-year period, resolving all disputes raised in the matter addressing customer bill refunds involved in the SJGS retirement before the NMPRC, including removal of SJGS ratemaking and prudence issues in the 2024 Rate Change. Regarding the 2024 Rate Change, PNM agreed to withdraw its request for regulatory assets associated with prefunding of ETA state administered funds and legal costs associated with this matter. On September 14, 2023, the NM Supreme Court issued an order granting the unopposed motion and remanded the matter to the NMPRC. On September 21, 2023, the NMPRC approved the unanimous settlement agreement. PNM began issuing rate refunds on customer bills on October 21, 2023. On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million of Securitized Bonds at a weighted average interest rates of 5.64% and 6.03%. Under the terms of the settlement agreement approved by the NMPRC, PNM agreed that customers would be protected from rising interest rates if the weighted average interest rate on the Securitized Bonds exceeded 5.5%. As a result, on December 15, 2023, PNM began issuing rate refunds in the amount of $13.7 million related to the net present value in interest rates in excess of 5.5% on the Securitized Bonds.
As a result of the NMPRC’s September 21, 2023 order approving the unanimous settlement, PNM recorded a $128.7 million reduction to electric operating revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding current regulatory liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, PNM recorded a regulatory disallowance of $3.3 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding decrease to deferred regulatory assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to reflect PNM’s agreement to withdraw its request for regulatory assets associated with prefunding of ETA state administered funds and legal costs associated with this matter.
Four Corners Abandonment Application
In 2020, PNM entered into the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement with NTEC, pursuant to which PNM agreed to sell its 13% ownership interest (other than certain transmission assets) in Four Corners to NTEC. The sale is contingent upon NMPRC approval. In connection with the sale, PNM would make payments of $75.0 million to NTEC for relief from its obligations under the coal supply agreement for Four Corners after December 31, 2024. Pursuant to the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement, PNM would retain its current plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation obligations. PNM made an initial payment to NTEC of $15.0 million in November 2020, subject to refund with interest upon termination of the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement prior to closing. Under the terms of the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement, upon receipt of the NMPRC approval, PNM was expected to make a final payment of $60.0 million.
On January 8, 2021, PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application, which sought NMPRC approval to exit PNM’s share of Four Corners as of December 31, 2024, and issuance of approximately $300 million of Securitized Bonds as provided by the ETA. PNM’s request for the issuance of Securitized Bonds included approximately $272 million of forecasted undepreciated investments in Four Corners at December 31, 2024, $4.6 million for plant decommissioning costs, $7.3 million in upfront financing costs, and $16.5 million for economic development in the Four Corners area.
On March 15, 2021, PNM filed an amended application and supplemental testimony for the approval of the abandonment and transfer of Four Corners and issuance of a financing order pursuant to the ETA and a motion to withdraw the January 8, 2021 Four Corners Application. The amended application and supplemental testimony provided additional information to support PNM’s request to abandon its interest in Four Corners and transfer that interest to NTEC, and also provided additional detail explaining how the proposed sale and abandonment provides a net public benefit.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
On November 12, 2021, the hearing examiner issued a recommended decision recommending approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. On December 15, 2021, the NMPRC issued a final order rejecting the hearing examiner’s recommended decision and denying approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. In its order, the NMPRC concluded that PNM needed to conduct a review of the actual replacement resource portfolio and determined that the record was insufficient to determine the prudence of PNM’s investments in Four Corners. On December 22, 2021, PNM filed a Notice of Appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC decision to deny the application. On January 21, 2022, PNM filed its Statement of Issues outlining the arguments for appeal asserting, among other things, that the NMPRC misinterpreted and improperly applied the ETA in concluding that the NMPRC needed to review the actual replacement resource portfolio before authorizing abandonment and that the NMPRC improperly deferred the issue of prudence with respect to certain of PNM’s investments in Four Corners, where other parties were given the opportunity to present evidence and failed to demonstrate PNM was imprudent in its decisions. On March 28, 2023, the NM Supreme Court heard oral arguments on the appeal. On July 6, 2023, the NM Supreme Court issued a decision concluding that the NMPRC reasonably and lawfully denied PNM’s application for abandonment, determining that PNM did not meet its burden in challenging the NMPRC’s final order. The Company is evaluating the facts and circumstances surrounding the exit of Four Corners and will determine next steps.
In the year ended December 31, 2023, PNM recorded a regulatory disallowance of $3.7 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings for costs associated with obtaining an abandonment order, which are no longer expected to be recovered as a result of the NM Supreme Court’s decision to uphold the NMPRC’s decision to deny PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application. For additional information regarding prudency of PNM’s investments in Four Corners see 2024 Rate Change above.
PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application
On April 2, 2021, PNM filed the PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application, an application for the sale and transfer of related assets, and approval to procure new resources. As discussed in Note 8, PNM had Leased Interest under five separate leases that were approved and certificated by the predecessor agency to the NMPRC in the 1980s. Four of the five leases for 104 MW of Leased Interest terminated in January 2023, while the remaining lease for 10 MW of Leased Interest terminates in January 2024. Associated with the Leased Interest are certain PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel that are necessary for the ongoing operation and maintenance of the Leased Interest and integration of the Leased Interest generation to the transmission network. PNM determined that there will be net benefits to its customers to return the Leased Interest to the lessors in conformity with the leases, sell and transfer the related PNM-owned assets, and to replace the Leased Interest with new resources. In the application, PNM requested NMPRC authorization to decertify and abandon its Leased Interest and to create regulatory assets for the associated remaining undepreciated investments with consideration of cost recovery of the undepreciated investments in a future rate case. PNM also sought NMPRC approval to sell and transfer the PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel supply associated with the Leased Interest to SRP, which has acquired the Leased Interest from the lessors due to the termination of the leases.
On July 28, 2021, the hearing examiner issued a recommended decision on NEE’s and CCAE’s joint motion to dismiss, recommending dismissal of PNM’s requests for approval to abandon and decertify the Leased Interest; dismissal of PNM’s request for approval to sell and transfer the related assets; and dismissal of PNM’s request to create regulatory assets for the associated remaining undepreciated investments, but did not preclude PNM seeking recovery of the costs in a general rate case in which the test year period includes the time period in which PNM incurs such costs. The hearing examiner’s recommended decision further provided that PNM’s request for replacement resources and the decision to permanently disallow recovery of certain future decommissioning costs related to PVNGS Units 1 and 2 should remain within the scope of this case.
On August 25, 2021, the NMPRC issued an order granting portions of the July 28, 2021 recommended decision that were not contested related to dismissal of PNM’s request for approval to abandon and decertify the Leased Interest and dismissal of PNM’s request for approval to sell and transfer the related assets. In addition, the order bifurcated the issue of approval for replacement resources into a separate docket.
On February 16, 2022, the NMPRC adopted an order approving the replacement resources. In the second quarter of 2022, PNM made compliance filings notifying the NMPRC that none of the developers had moved forward under the terms of the agreements approved by the NMPRC on February 16, 2022, and none of the replacement resource projects would be operational in 2023. PNM ultimately entered into amendments with one developer for 300 MW solar PPA combined with a 300 MW battery storage agreement, which no party opposed and were deemed approved in September 2022 and November 2023. PNM anticipates these facilities will be in service in 2024.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
On November 1, 2022, ABCWUA, Bernalillo County, CCAE, NEE, NM AREA, the NMAG, WRA, and NMPRC Staff filed a joint motion for an accounting order to require PNM to track in a regulatory liability, all costs associated with the PVNGS Leased Interests that will be abandoned in January 2023 and January 2024 that are still being collected in rates, which PNM opposed. On November 18, 2022, the NMPRC issued its order on joint motion for an accounting order requiring PNM to establish a regulatory liability to track and account for, upon termination of the PVNGS leases, all costs currently borne by ratepayers associated with those leases during pendency of the 2024 Rate Change, subject to a determination of ratemaking treatment. In addition, PNM may establish a regulatory asset account to record undepreciated investment for improvements to the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Leased Interests upon termination of the leases, and to record cost differences in the proceeds from SRP for the sale of the PVNGS Leased Assets and the actual book value. Recovery of these items was determined in the 2024 Rate Change. In the 2024 Rate Change, PNM also addressed unresolved issues including whether PNM’s decision to renew the five leases and repurchase 64.1 MW of PVNGS Unit 2 capacity exposed ratepayers to additional financial liability beyond that to which they would otherwise have been exposed, and whether PNM should be denied recovery of future decommissioning expenses as a remedy for imprudence.
PNM evaluated the consequences of the NMPRC’s November 18, 2022 accounting order, as required under GAAP, and whether it should establish a regulatory liability during 2023 to account for revenue collected from ratepayers during the pendency of the 2024 Rate Change. In addition, PNM evaluated whether it should establish a regulatory asset account to record undepreciated investment for improvements to the Unit 1 and Unit 2 Leased Interests upon termination of the leases in January 2023 and 2024. Based on these evaluations PNM concluded that the accounting order was not tied to a specific rate order and did not change PNM’s resources or obligations and those decisions would be determined in the 2024 Rate Change. Therefore, no loss or regulatory liability was recorded prior to resolution of the 2024 Rate Change. See 2024 Rate Change discussion above.
In addition to approval by the NMPRC, PNM and SRP received NRC approval for the transfer of the associated possessory licenses at the end of the term of each of the respective leases.
Summer Peak Resource Adequacy
Throughout 2021, 2022, and continuing into 2023, PNM provided notices of delays and status updates to the NMPRC for the approved SJGS replacement resource projects as well as delays in replacement resources for the PVNGS leased capacity that expired in January 2023. On January 30, 2023, PNM informed the NMPRC that it had provided written notice to one of the SJGS replacement resource developers for 100 MW solar PPA and a 30 MW battery storage agreement of an event of seller default and of early termination and as a result the project would not proceed. In the second half of 2022 and the first quarter of 2023, PNM entered into agreements totaling 420 MW of firm power purchases for the summer peak in 2023 and the purchase of 40 MW of firm capacity at PVNGS for all twelve months of 2023, providing PNM with a projected system reserve margin necessary to meet customer demand. While PNM continues to experience new system peaks, PNM’s generation resources performed sufficiently with no challenges to resource adequacy during the 2022 and 2023 summer peak seasons. PNM anticipates that a majority of the SJGS and PVNGS leased capacity replacement resources will be available prior to the 2024 summer peak season and may also secure additional firm energy market purchases necessary to meet customer load during the 2024 summer season. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of this matter.
2026 Resource Application
On October 25, 2023, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2026 summer peak. The application includes approval of a 100 MW solar PPA and three battery storage agreements of 100 MW, 100 MW, and 50 MW. In addition, PNM is seeking approval of a CCN for a 60 MW battery storage system to be owned by PNM. The resources are necessary for PNM to safely and reliably meet its projected system load. On December 6, 2023, the hearing examiner issued an order setting out a procedural schedule with a hearing to be held beginning March 20, 2024.
Grid Modernization Application
On October 3, 2022, in compliance with New Mexico Grid Modernization Statute, PNM filed its Grid Modernization Application with the NMPRC. The projects included in the Grid Modernization Application improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and ensure that customers, including low-income customers, are a top priority and will benefit consistent with the Grid Modernization Statute. PNM’s proposal to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements also increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. PNM’s application seeks approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy. The proposed Grid Modernization Rider would recover capital costs, operating expenses, and taxes associated with the investments included in the Grid Modernization Application. PNM also requested authorization to create related
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
regulatory assets and liabilities, permitting PNM to record costs incurred for the development and implementation of PNM’s plan between the requested approval of the application on July 1, 2023, and the implementation of the Grid Modernization Rider by September 1, 2023; undepreciated investments associated with legacy meters being replaced with AMI meters; and over- or under-collection of costs through the Grid Modernization Rider. In addition, PNM requested approval of the proposed format of an Opt-Out Consent Form and methodology to determine PNM’s proposed cost-based opt-out fees, which includes a one-time fee and a monthly fee. Following a hearing and subsequent briefs, on May 31, 2023, the NMPRC issued an order requiring the hearing examiner to direct PNM to file a cost benefit analysis as a supplement to the application. On November 22, 2023, PNM filed the required cost benefit analysis supporting PNM’s proposed Grid Modernization plan. On January 16, 2024, the hearing examiner issued an order setting out a procedural schedule with a hearing to be held beginning April 23, 2024. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of this matter.
The Community Solar Act
In 2021, the Community Solar Act established a program that allows for the development of community solar facilities and provides customers of a qualifying utility with the option of subscribing to community solar facilities, and in exchange would receive a bill credit from their utility, while the utility receives energy from the community solar facility. The NMPRC is charged with administering the Community Solar Act program, establishing a total maximum capacity of 200 MW community solar (applicable until November 2024) facilities and allocating proportionally to the New Mexico electric investor-owned utilities and participating cooperatives. As required under the Community Solar Act, the NMPRC opened a docket on May 12, 2021 to adopt rules to establish a community solar program no later than April 1, 2022. On June 15, 2021, the NMPRC issued an order which required utilities provide a notice to all future applicants and to any likely applicants that, until the effective date of the NMPRC’s rules in this area the NMPRC’s existing interconnection rules and manual remain in place until amended or replaced by the NMPRC, and further, that a place in a utility’s applicant queue for interconnection does not and will not provide any advantage for selection as a community solar project. PNM provided the required notices. On March 30, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order that adopted a rule on the administration of the Community Solar Act program. The rule required utilities to file proposed community solar tariffs with the NMPRC within 60 days from the publication of the rule. A number of motions for rehearing and requests for clarification were filed between April 7 and May 2, 2022. On May 18, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order partially granting motions for rehearing, reconsideration and clarification and staying implementation pending further rulemaking. On June 16, 2022, PNM requested clarification related to the existing interconnection queue, which would not delay implementation of the Community Solar Act program. On July 12, 2022, the NMPRC provided notice of publication of its final rule in the New Mexico Register, starting the 60-day clock for utilities to file their proposed community solar tariffs, forms, and other relevant agreements. On September 14, 2022, PNM filed Community Solar tariffs. On October 12, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order to suspend PNM’s and two other investor-owned utilities tariffs and required the utilities to file information NMPRC Staff has identified as necessary for a complete evaluation of the tariffs but did not appoint a hearing examiner or schedule a public hearing. Another investor-owned utility has filed an appeal with the NM Supreme Court seeking review of the NMPRC’s decisions, to which PNM has intervened. On November 22, 2023, the NM Supreme Court scheduled oral arguments for March 11, 2024.
On November 16, 2022, PNM filed its Community Solar tariff which establishes the Community Solar bill credit to be applied to an eligible retail customer of PNM who is a subscriber to a community solar facility. On December 23, 2022, PNM filed an updated Community Solar tariff under protest and filed a motion for clarification, suspension, and timely hearing on PNM’s Community Solar tariff. On January 18, 2023, the NMPRC suspended PNM’s Community Solar tariff. On March 1, 2023, the NMPRC issued an Order Opening a New Docket for Two-Phase Proceedings. The first phase addressed issues concerning the proposed subscriber organization agreements and the proposed customer data forms. The second phase will address all issues concerning proposed tariffs, agreements and forms that are not addressed in the first phase. On May 31, 2023, the utilities filed a Consolidated Reply Brief to the NMPRC and the Joint Intervenors-Appellee filed Answer Briefs in the NM Supreme Court proceeding. On September 21, 2023, the NMPRC issued an order approving an uncontested stipulation on the first phase and on October 30, 2023 PNM’s advice notice conforming to the stipulation became effective. A hearing for the second phase was held from January 17, 2024 through January 19, 2024. PNM cannot predict the outcome of the pending matters.
FERC Compliance
PNM conducted a comprehensive internal review of its filings with FERC regarding the potential timely filing of certain agreements that contained deviations from PNM’s standard form of service agreement in its OATT and assessing any applicable FERC waivers or refund requirements. Upon completion of the comprehensive review, PNM identified service agreements containing provisions that do not conform to the standard form of agreement on file with FERC. On March 18 and March 21, 2022, PNM filed applications with FERC requesting acceptance of certain agreements as well as rejection of other
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
service agreements and further requesting that FERC not assess time-value refunds on the accepted agreements. On May 17, 2022, FERC issued two delegated letter orders accepting the service agreements and requiring PNM to pay the time-value refunds on the revenues it received on unaffiliated, late-filed, service agreements which contained language alleged to be non-conforming.
On November 21, 2022, FERC issued an order on rehearing that required PNM to pay its customers approximately $8.1 million in time-value refunds. On November 28, 2022, PNM filed an unopposed motion for voluntary dismissal with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia of its petitions for review, which was granted on December 22, 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, PNM made payments totaling $8.1 million to customers which were recorded as a reduction to electric operating revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. This matter is now concluded.
FERC Order 864
In November 2019, FERC issued Order No. 864, which required public utility transmission providers with transmission formula rates to revise those rates to account for changes resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). PNM had already made revisions to its formula rate to account for Tax Act changes, and, as a result of the Order, PNM proposed additional changes to its formula rate to implement the remaining requirements of the Order. In July 2022, FERC issued an order finding that PNM had predominantly complied with the requirements, but set aside certain matters for settlement and hearing procedures.
On November 22, 2023, PNM, on behalf of the settling parties, filed a settlement agreement with FERC resolving all issues. As a result of the settlement agreement, PNM recorded a decrease of $3.2 million to electric operating revenues and an increase to interest charges of $0.3 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and an increase to other current liabilities of $3.5 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of this matter.
Battery Energy Storage System Certificate of Public Convenience and Necessity (“CCN”)
On May 3, 2023, PNM filed a CCN application with the NMPRC for two battery energy storage systems, 6 MW each, located on PNM’s distribution system in Valencia and Bernalillo counties. PNM intends to construct, own, and operate these systems that will be interconnected to the distribution system on feeders that currently exceed their existing hosting capacity limits due to the high amount of solar production connected to them. The deployment of battery energy storage systems on these feeders at capacity will bring the power flow on the feeders back within design limits, potentially allowing a number of solar interconnection applications currently on hold to interconnect, which will in turn reduce carbon emissions and the need to curtail solar production in times of oversupply. PNM requested approval of the CCN application, with an estimated total cost of $25.8 million, to support the proposed construction schedule and have the battery energy storage systems begin serving customers in June 2024. On May 30, 2023, the hearing examiner issued an order setting out a procedural schedule with a hearing held on October 12, 2023. On December 8, 2023, the hearing examiner in the case issued a RD. The RD recommended approval of PNM’s application finding that the battery energy storage systems would be in the public interest, would result in a net public benefit, and that the estimated costs of the project are reasonable. On December 21, 2023, the NMPRC approved the RD in its entirety. This matter is now concluded.
Meta Data Center
PNM has a special service contract to provide service to Meta for a data center in PNM’s service area. Meta’s service requirements include the acquisition by PNM of a sufficient amount of new renewable energy resources and RECs to match the energy and capacity requirements of the data center. The cost of renewable energy procured is passed through to Meta under a rate rider. A special service rate is applied to Meta’s energy consumption in those hours of the month when their consumption exceeds the energy production from the renewable resources. As of December 31, 2023, PNM is procuring energy from 180 MW of solar-PV capacity from NMRD, a 50% equity method investee of PNMR Development. See additional discussion of NMRD in Note 21.
On July 24, 2023, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for approval to service the data center for an additional 140 MW of solar PPA combined with 50 MW of battery storage expected to be operational in 2025. On December 20, 2023 a hearing was held. On January 5, 2024, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD recommended approval of PNM’s application, finding that PNM’s application is not inconsistent with the public interest. On January 11, 2024, the NMPRC approved the RD in its entirety. This matter is now concluded.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Transportation and Electrification Program (TEP)
On June 1, 2023, PNM filed its 2024-2026 TEP with the NMPRC, requesting approval of a $37.1 million total three-year budget and continuation of the current TEP Rider. Approximately 22% of the budget, $8.0 million, will be dedicated to low-income customers. A hearing was held on December 13, 2023. On February 2, 2024, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD largely approves PNM’s 2024 Plan but with modifications to certain TEP programs. On February 23, 2024, the NMPRC approved the RD with additional modifications that reduced the three-year budget by $4.0 million.
TNMP
Energy Efficiency
TNMP recovers the costs of its energy efficiency programs through an energy efficiency cost recovery factor (“EECRF”), which includes projected program costs, under or over collected costs from prior years, rate case expenses, and performance bonuses (if the programs exceed mandated savings goals).
The following sets forth TNMP’s EECRF increases:

Effective Date |  | Aggregate Collection Amount |  | Performance Bonus
|  | (In millions)
March 1, 2021 |  | $ | 5.9 |  |  | $ | 1.0 |
March 1, 2022 |  | 7.2 |  |  | 2.3
March 1, 2023 |  | 7.3 |  |  | 1.9

On May 26, 2023, TNMP filed its request to adjust the EECRF to reflect changes in costs for 2024. On September 28, 2023, the PUCT approved a unanimous stipulation, authorizing recovery of $6.6 million, including a performance bonus of $1.2 million based on TNMP’s energy efficiency achievements in the 2022 plan year.
Transmission Cost of Service Rates
TNMP can update its TCOS rates twice per year to reflect changes in its invested capital although updates are not allowed while a general rate case is in process. Updated rates reflect the addition and retirement of transmission facilities, including appropriate depreciation, federal income tax and other associated taxes, and the approved rate of return on such facilities. The following sets forth TNMP’s recent interim transmission cost rate increases:

Effective Date |  | Approved Increase in Rate Base |  | Annual Increase in Revenue
|  | (In millions)
March 12, 2021 |  | $ | 112.6 |  |  | $ | 14.1 |
September 20, 2021 |  | 41.2 |  |  | 6.3 |
March 25, 2022 |  | 95.6 |  |  | 14.2 |
September 22, 2022 |  | 36.0 |  |  | 5.3 |
May 12, 2023 |  | 150.5 |  |  | 19.4 |
September 6, 2023 |  | 21.4 |  |  | 4.2 |

On January 25, 2024, TNMP filed an application to further update its transmission rates, which would increase revenues by $13.1 million annually, based on an increase in rate base of $97.4 million. The application is pending before the PUCT.
Periodic Distribution Rate Adjustment
PUCT rules permit interim rate adjustments to reflect changes in investments in distribution assets. Historically, distribution utilities have been restricted to a single, annual periodic rate adjustment through a DCRF submitted between April 1 and April 8 of each year as long as the electric utility was not earning more than its authorized rate of return using weather-normalized data. However, the recent passage of Senate Bill 1015 now permits DCRF proceedings to be filed twice per year with a 60-day administrative deadline that can be extended for 15 days on good cause. Additionally, a DCRF may be filed
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
during a pending rate case proceeding as long as that DCRF request is not filed until the 185th day after the rate case proceeding was initiated. The following sets forth TNMP’s recent interim distribution rate increases:

Effective Date |  | Approved Increase in Rate Base |  | Annual Increase in Revenue
|  | (In millions)
September 1, 2021 |  | $ | 104.5 |  |  | $ | 13.5 |
September 1, 2022 |  | 95.7 |  |  | 6.8 |
September 1, 2023 |  | 157.0 |  |  | 14.5 |

3G Meters Notice of Violation
In 2020, the PUCT established the COVID-19 Electricity Relief Program for electric utilities, REPs, and customers impacted by COVID-19. The program allowed providers to implement a rider to collect unpaid residential retail customer bills and to establish a regulatory asset for costs related to COVID-19. These costs included but were not limited to costs related to unpaid accounts.
In December 2023, TNMP and the PUCT reached a settlement agreement related to a notice of violation against TNMP primarily for estimating 3G meters during the period that TNMP was remediating the meters. TNMP maintained that the remediation efforts were impacted by COVID-19 imposed constraints including supply chain and labor availability issues. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, TNMP agreed to no longer pursue the recovery of COVID-19 related costs that were recorded as a regulatory asset. This resulted in a regulatory disallowance of $1.2 million to be recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023.
(18)Income Taxes
Federal Income Tax Reform
In 2017, comprehensive changes in U.S. federal income taxes were enacted through legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made many significant modifications to the tax laws, including reducing the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also eliminated federal bonus depreciation for utilities, limited interest deductibility for non-utility businesses and limited the deductibility of officer compensation. During 2020, the IRS issued final regulations related to certain officer compensation and, in January 2021, issued final regulations on interest deductibility that provide a 10% “de minimis” exception that allows entities with predominantly regulated activities to fully deduct interest expenses.
As a result of the change in the federal income tax rate, the Company re-measured and adjusted its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017. The portion of that adjustment not related to PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated activities was recorded as a reduction in net deferred tax assets and an increase in income tax expense. The portion related to PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated activities was recorded as a reduction in net deferred tax liabilities and an increase in regulatory liabilities.
Beginning February 2018, PNM’s NM 2016 Rate Case reflected the reduction in the federal and state corporate income tax rates, including amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes. In accordance with the order in that case and amortization requirements of the tax laws, PNM is returning the protected portion of excess deferred federal income taxes to customers over the average remaining life of plant in service as of December 31, 2017. The remaining balance of the unprotected portion of excess deferred federal income taxes, which was being returned to customers over a period of approximately twenty-three years, will be returned over a five-year period when new rates go into effect from the 2024 Rate Change. Excess deferred state income taxes were returned to customers over a three-year period, which concluded in the first quarter of 2021. The approved settlement in the TNMP 2018 Rate Case includes a reduction in customer rates to reflect the impacts of the Tax Act beginning on January 1, 2019. PNMR, PNM, and TNMP amortized federal excess deferred income taxes of $23.0 million, $14.3 million, and $8.7 million in 2023.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
PNMR
PNMR’s income taxes (benefits) consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Current state income tax (benefit) | (2,841) |  |  | 1,597 |  |  | 1,835 |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | (11,503) |  |  | 18,413 |  |  | 20,679 |
Deferred state income tax (benefit) | (825) |  |  | 7,302 |  |  | 11,315 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (1,181) |  |  | (1,182) |  |  | (1,247) |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | (16,350) |  |  | $ | 26,130 |  |  | $ | 32,582 |

PNMR’s provision for income taxes (benefits) differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the years shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 19,011 |  |  | $ | 44,375 |  |  | $ | 51,330 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (1,181) |  |  | (1,182) |  |  | (1,247) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (22,859) |  |  | (23,599) |  |  | (24,484) |
Flow-through of depreciation items | 1,281 |  |  | 2,795 |  |  | 798 |
(Earnings) attributable to non-controlling interest in Valencia | (3,892) |  |  | (3,176) |  |  | (3,253) |
State income tax (benefit), net of federal (benefit) | (2,239) |  |  | 6,826 |  |  | 9,660 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (3,145) |  |  | (2,898) |  |  | (2,776) |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (261) |  |  | 91 |  |  | (788) |
Non-deductible compensation | 1,659 |  |  | 1,125 |  |  | 899 |
Non-deductible merger related costs | (1,959) |  |  | 74 |  |  | 848 |
R&D credit | (2,050) |  |  | (1,320) |  |  | (1,530) |
Other | (715) |  |  | 3,019 |  |  | 3,125 |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | (16,350) |  |  | $ | 26,130 |  |  | $ | 32,582 |

Effective tax rate | 18.06 | % |  | 12.37 | % |  | 13.33 | %

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The components of PNMR’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss | $ | 16,833 |  |  | $ | 85,382 |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | 90,461 |  |  | 98,371 |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | 124,510 |  |  | 122,557 |
Regulatory disallowances | 42,330 |  |  | 28,037 |
Regulatory liability SJGS retirement credits | 28,797 |  |  | — |
Other | 35,492 |  |  | 33,849 |
Total deferred tax assets | 338,423 |  |  | 368,196 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (738,078) |  |  | (801,022) |
Investment tax credit | (95,046) |  |  | (96,227) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (80,643) |  |  | (77,013) |
Pension | (41,141) |  |  | (40,651) |
Regulatory asset for shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 | (22,454) |  |  | (24,048) |
Regulatory asset SJGS energy transition property | (86,521) |  |  | (69,828) |
Regulatory asset PVNGS investment | (20,503) |  |  | — |
PVNGS trusts | (41,767) |  |  | (26,084) |
Other | (57,550) |  |  | (56,154) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,183,703) |  |  | (1,191,027) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (845,280) |  |  | $ | (822,831) |

The following table reconciles the change in PNMR’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax (benefit) included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 22,449 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (11,791) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (22,859) |
Tax effect of mark-to-market adjustments | 474 |
Tax effect of excess pension liability | (1,566) |
Adjustment for uncertain income tax positions | (17) |
Reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits | 17 |
Other | (216) |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | $ | (13,509) |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
PNM
PNM’s income taxes (benefits) consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax (benefit) | $ | 9,518 |  |  | $ | (13,533) |  |  | $ | — |
Current state income tax (benefit) | (4,304) |  |  | 3,244 |  |  | (128) |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | (22,951) |  |  | 25,298 |  |  | 18,774 |
Deferred state income tax | 1,150 |  |  | 4,361 |  |  | 8,583 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (171) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (237) |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | (16,758) |  |  | $ | 19,198 |  |  | $ | 26,992 |

PNM’s provision for income taxes (benefits) differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the years shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 7,972 |  |  | $ | 29,026 |  |  | $ | 41,696 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (171) |  |  | (172) |  |  | (237) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (14,252) |  |  | (14,421) |  |  | (15,158) |
Flow-through of depreciation items | 1,114 |  |  | 2,641 |  |  | 689 |
(Earnings) attributable to non-controlling interest in Valencia | (3,892) |  |  | (3,176) |  |  | (3,253) |
State income tax (benefit), net of federal (benefit) | (2,216) |  |  | 5,694 |  |  | 7,609 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (2,065) |  |  | (1,958) |  |  | (2,080) |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (185) |  |  | 65 |  |  | (563) |
Non-deductible compensation | 1,015 |  |  | 701 |  |  | 547 |
Non-deductible merger costs | (33) |  |  | 10 |  |  | 22 |
R&D credit | (2,000) |  |  | (1,300) |  |  | (1,500) |
Other | (2,045) |  |  | 2,088 |  |  | (780) |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | (16,758) |  |  | $ | 19,198 |  |  | $ | 26,992 |

Effective tax rate | (44.15) | % |  | 13.89 | % |  | 13.59 | %

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
The components of PNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss | $ | — |  |  | $ | 54,681 |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | 71,546 |  |  | 76,744 |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | 80,586 |  |  | 84,902 |
Regulatory disallowance | 42,330 |  |  | 28,037 |
Regulatory liability SJGS retirement credits | 28,797 |  |  | — |
Other | 35,993 |  |  | 33,079 |
Total deferred tax assets | 259,252 |  |  | 277,443 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (545,815) |  |  | (620,814) |
Investment tax credit | (73,844) |  |  | (74,015) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (71,742) |  |  | (67,912) |
Pension | (36,483) |  |  | (36,048) |
Regulatory asset for shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 | (22,454) |  |  | (24,048) |
Regulatory asset SJGS energy transition property | (86,521) |  |  | (69,828) |
Regulatory asset PVNGS investment | (20,503) |  |  | — |
PVNGS Trusts | (41,767) |  |  | (26,084) |
Other | (44,160) |  |  | (40,734) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (943,289) |  |  | (959,483) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (684,037) |  |  | $ | (682,040) |

The following table reconciles the change in PNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax (benefit) included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 1,997 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (9,391) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (14,252) |
Tax effect of mark-to-market adjustments | (1,099) |
Tax effect of excess pension liability | (1,566) |
Adjustment for uncertain income tax positions | (55) |
Reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits | 2,394 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | $ | (21,972) |

TNMP
TNMP’s income taxes consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax | $ | 11,354 |  |  | $ | 17,055 |  |  | $ | 5,770 |
Current state income tax | 3,055 |  |  | 2,662 |  |  | 2,395 |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | 2,917 |  |  | (4,527) |  |  | (224) |
Deferred state income tax (benefit) | (29) |  |  | (29) |  |  | (29) |
Total income taxes | $ | 17,297 |  |  | $ | 15,161 |  |  | $ | 7,912 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
TNMP’s provision for income taxes differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the periods shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 23,569 |  |  | $ | 22,560 |  |  | $ | 15,076 |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (8,607) |  |  | (9,177) |  |  | (9,326) |
State income tax, net of federal (benefit) | 2,414 |  |  | 2,103 |  |  | 1,763 |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (77) |  |  | 26 |  |  | (224) |
Non-deductible compensation | 642 |  |  | 422 |  |  | 351 |
Transaction costs | 3 |  |  | 1 |  |  | (4) |
Other | (647) |  |  | (774) |  |  | 276 |
Total income taxes | $ | 17,297 |  |  | $ | 15,161 |  |  | $ | 7,912 |

Effective tax rate | 15.41 | % |  | 14.11 | % |  | 11.02 | %

The components of TNMP’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | $ | 18,915 |  |  | $ | 21,627 |
Other | 5,534 |  |  | 5,353 |
Total deferred tax assets | 24,449 |  |  | 26,980 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (179,483) |  |  | (166,230) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (8,901) |  |  | (9,213) |
Loss on reacquired debt | (5,254) |  |  | (5,527) |
Pension | (4,659) |  |  | (4,603) |
AMS | (2,613) |  |  | (3,989) |
Other | (2,287) |  |  | (2,055) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (203,197) |  |  | (191,617) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (178,748) |  |  | $ | (164,637) |

The following table reconciles the change in TNMP’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2023
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 14,111 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (2,400) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (8,607) |
Other | (216) |
Deferred income tax | $ | 2,888 |

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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Other Disclosures
The Company is required to recognize only the impact of tax positions that, based on their technical merits, are more likely than not to be sustained upon an audit by the taxing authority. A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2020 | $ | 13,152 |  |  | $ | 10,230 |  |  | $ | 119 |
Additions based on tax positions related to 2021 | 305 |  |  | 295 |  |  | 11 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 257 |  |  | 246 |  |  | 11 |
Balance at December 31, 2021 | 13,714 |  |  | 10,771 |  |  | 141 |
Additions based on tax positions related to 2022 | 1,444 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 7 |
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of prior years | (4) |  |  | (7) |  |  | 3 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 15,154 |  |  | 12,201 |  |  | 151 |
Additions (reductions) based on tax positions related to 2023 | (277) |  |  | (294) |  |  | 17 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | 259 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 20 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | $ | 15,136 |  |  | $ | 12,146 |  |  | $ | 188 |

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2023 are $14.6 million, $11.6 million, and $0.2 million that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate for PNMR, PNM, and TNMP. The Company does not anticipate that any unrecognized tax expenses or unrecognized tax benefits will be reduced or settled in 2024.
PNMR, PNM, and TNMP had no estimated interest income or expense related to income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2023, 2022, and 2021. There was no accumulated accrued interest receivable or payable related to income taxes as of December 31, 2023 and 2022.
The Company files a federal consolidated and several consolidated and separate state income tax returns. The tax years prior to 2020 are closed to examination by either federal or state taxing authorities other than Arizona. The tax years prior to 2019 are closed to examination by Arizona taxing authorities. Other tax years are open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities and net operating loss carryforwards are open to examination for the years in which the carryforwards are utilized. At December 31, 2023, the Company has $120.2 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards that expire beginning in 2035 and $126.6 million of federal tax credit carryforwards that expire beginning in 2024. State net operating losses expire beginning in 2037 and vary from federal due to differences between state and federal tax law.
In 2008, fifty percent bonus tax depreciation was enacted as a temporary two-year stimulus measure as part of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008. Bonus tax depreciation in various forms has been extended since that time, including by the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015. The 2015 act extended and phased-out bonus tax depreciation through 2019. As discussed above, the Tax Act eliminated bonus depreciation for utilities effective September 28, 2017. However, in 2020 the IRS issued regulations interpreting Tax Act amendments to depreciation provisions of the IRC which allowed the Company to claim a bonus depreciation deduction on certain construction projects placed in service after the third quarter of 2017. As a result of the net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes created by bonus depreciation, certain tax carryforwards were not expected to be utilized before their expiration. In addition, as a result of Tax Act changes to the deductibility of officer compensation, certain deferred tax benefits related to compensation are not expected to be realized. The Company has impaired the deferred tax assets for tax carryforwards which are not expected to be utilized and for compensation that is not expected to be deductible.
The Company earns investment tax credits for construction or purchase of eligible property. The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for these investment tax credits.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Impairments of tax attributes after reflecting the expiration of carryforwards under applicable tax laws, net of federal tax benefit, for 2021 through 2023 are as follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | (427) |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 140 |
December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 59 |
December 31, 2021: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 1,029 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 119 |  |  | $ | 84 |  |  | $ | 35 |

The tax effect of compensation that is not expected to be deductible and impairments of unexpired tax credits are reflected as a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The reserve balances, after reflecting expiration of carryforwards under applicable tax laws, at December 31, 2023 and 2022 are as follows:

| PNMR |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 2,055 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 1,112 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 381 |
December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 1,216 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 725 |  |  | $ | 483 |  |  | $ | 241 |

(19) Goodwill
The excess purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by PNMR for its 2005 acquisition of TNP was recorded as goodwill and was pushed down to the businesses acquired. In 2007, the TNMP assets that were included in its New Mexico operations, including goodwill, were transferred to PNM. PNMR’s reporting units that currently have goodwill are PNM and TNMP.
The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment annually at the reporting unit level or more frequently if circumstances indicate that the goodwill may be impaired. Application of the impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit.
In certain circumstances an entity may perform a qualitative analysis to conclude that the goodwill of a reporting unit is not impaired. Under a qualitative assessment an entity considers macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant entity-specific events affecting a reporting unit, as well as whether a sustained decrease (both absolute and relative to its peers) in share price has occurred. An entity considers the extent to which each of the adverse events and circumstances identified could affect the comparison of a reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount. An entity places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect a reporting unit’s fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets. An entity also considers positive and mitigating events and circumstances that may affect its determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. An entity evaluates, on the basis of the weight of evidence, the significance of all identified events and circumstances in the context of determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A quantitative analysis is not required if, after assessing events and circumstances, an entity determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
In other circumstances, an entity may perform a quantitative analysis to reach the conclusion regarding impairment with respect to a reporting unit. An entity may choose to perform a quantitative analysis without performing a qualitative analysis
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
and may perform a qualitative analysis for certain reporting units, but a quantitative analysis for others. The first step of the quantitative impairment test requires an entity to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If as a result of this analysis, the entity concludes there is an indication of impairment in a reporting unit having goodwill, the entity is required to perform the second step of the impairment analysis, determining the amount of goodwill impairment to be recorded. The amount is calculated by comparing the implied fair value of the goodwill to its carrying amount. This exercise would require the entity to allocate the fair value determined in step one to the individual assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Any remaining fair value would be the implied fair value of goodwill on the testing date. To the extent the recorded amount of goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value determined in step two, an impairment loss would be reflected in results of operations.
PNMR periodically updates its quantitative analysis for both PNM and TNMP. The use of a quantitative approach in a given period is not necessarily an indication that a potential impairment has been identified under a qualitative approach. When PNMR performs a quantitative analysis for PNM or TNMP, a discounted cash flow methodology is primarily used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimations of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimations of long-term growth rates for the business, and determination of appropriate weighted average cost of capital for the reporting unit. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and the conclusion of impairment.
When PNMR performs a qualitative or quantitative analysis for PNM or TNMP, PNMR considers market and macroeconomic factors including changes in growth rates, changes in the WACC, and changes in discount rates. PNMR also evaluates its stock price relative to historical performance, industry peers, and to major market indices, including an evaluation of PNMR’s market capitalization relative to the carrying value of its reporting units.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2021, PNMR performed a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. In addition to the typical considerations discussed above, the qualitative analysis considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2018 quantitative analysis performed for PNM and qualitative analyses through April 1, 2020, as well as the quantitative analysis performed for TNMP at April 1, 2020. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2021 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2022, PNMR performed a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. In addition to the typical considerations discussed above, the qualitative analysis considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2018 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses through April 1, 2021 performed for PNM, as well as the April 1, 2020 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses performed for TNMP. This analysis considered Company specific events such as the Merger, potential impacts of legal and regulatory matters discussed in Notes 16 and 17, including potential outcomes in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change, PNM’s San Juan Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, PNM’s PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application and other potential impacts of changes in PNM’s resource needs based on PNM’s 2020 IRP. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2022 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value. Since the April 1, 2022 annual evaluation, there have been no events or indications that the fair values of the reporting units with recorded goodwill have decreased below their carrying values.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2023, PNMR performed a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. In addition to the typical considerations discussed above, the qualitative analysis considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2018 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses through April 1, 2022 performed for PNM, as well as the April 1, 2021 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses performed for TNMP. This analysis considered Company specific events such as the Merger, potential impacts of legal and regulatory matters discussed in Notes 16 and 17, including potential outcomes in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change, PNM’s San Juan Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, PNM’s PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application and other potential impacts of changes in PNM’s resource needs based on PNM’s 2020 IRP. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2023 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value. Since the April 1, 2023 annual evaluation, the Company has considered the effects of the Merger termination and the outcome of PNM’s 2024 Rate Change and there is no indication that the fair values of the reporting units with recorded goodwill have decreased below their carrying values.
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
(20)Related Party Transactions
PNMR, PNM, TNMP, and NMRD are considered related parties, as is PNMR Services Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of PNMR that provides corporate services to PNMR and its subsidiaries in accordance with shared services agreements. These services are billed at cost on a monthly basis to the business units. In addition, PNMR provides construction and operations and maintenance services to NMRD, a 50% owned subsidiary of PNMR Development (Note 21), and PNM purchases renewable energy from certain NMRD-owned facilities at a fixed price per MWh of energy produced. PNM also provides interconnection services to PNMR Development and NMRD.
PNMR files a consolidated federal income tax return with its affiliated companies. A tax allocation agreement exists between PNMR and each of its affiliated companies. These agreements provide that the subsidiary company will compute its taxable income on a stand-alone basis. If the result is a net tax liability, such amount shall be paid to PNMR. If there are net operating losses and/or tax credits, the subsidiary shall receive payment for the tax savings from PNMR to the extent that PNMR is able to utilize those benefits.
See Note 7 for information on intercompany borrowing arrangements. The table below summarizes the nature and amount of related party transactions of PNMR, PNM and TNMP:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
|  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Services billings: |  |  |  |  |
PNMR to PNM | $ | 124,321 |  |  | $ | 115,415 |  |  | $ | 107,747 |
PNMR to TNMP | 47,470 |  |  | 42,293 |  |  | 41,798 |
PNM to TNMP | 349 |  |  | 411 |  |  | 404 |
TNMP to PNMR | 141 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 141 |
PNMR to NMRD | 333 |  |  | 308 |  |  | 221 |
Renewable energy purchases: |  |  |  |  |
PNM from NMRD | 12,717 |  |  | 11,795 |  |  | 11,879 |
Interconnection and facility study billings: |  |  |  |  |
PNM to NMRD | — |  |  | — |  |  | 225 |
NMRD to PNM | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,276 |
Interest billings: |  |  |  |  |
PNMR to PNM | 23 |  |  | 13 |  |  | 31 |
PNM to PNMR | 582 |  |  | 249 |  |  | 144 |
PNMR to TNMP | 129 |  |  | 166 |  |  | — |
Income tax sharing payments: |  |  |  |  |
PNMR to PNM | 5,338 |  |  | — |  |  | 19,492 |
PNM to PNMR | — |  |  | 11,602 |  |  | — |
TNMP to PNMR | 15,749 |  |  | 8,341 |  |  | 12,842 |

(21) Equity Method Investment
In September 2017, PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners created NMRD to pursue the acquisition, development, and ownership of renewable energy generation projects, primarily in the state of New Mexico. PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners each have a 50% ownership interest in NMRD. At December 31, 2023, NMRD’s renewable energy capacity in operation is 185.1 MW, which includes 180 MW of solar-PV facilities to supply energy to the Meta data center located within PNM’s service territory, 1.9 MW to supply energy to Columbus Electric Cooperative located in southwest New Mexico, 2.0 MW to supply energy to the Central New Mexico Electric Cooperative, and 1.2 MW of solar-PV facilities to supply energy to the City of Rio Rancho, New Mexico.
On December 22, 2023, PNMR Development and AEP Onsite reached agreement with Exus New Mexico, LLC, a subsidiary of Exus North America Holdings, LLC, for the sale of NMRD and its subsidiaries for approximately $230 million, subject to adjustment to reflect the actual amounts of certain components of working capital at closing, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated December 22, 2023 (“MIPA”). Closing occurred on February 27, 2024, with PNMR Development receiving $117.0 million upon settlement. PNMR Development does not expect a material impact to Net
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PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2023, 2022 and 2021
Earnings as a result of the transaction. As previously disclosed, PNMR Development expects to use the net proceeds from the sale of NMRD to reduce the future external capital needs at PNMR and support continued investments in regulated rate base at PNMR’s utilities. PNMR Development will provide certain services to NMRD for a transitional period following closing.
PNMR accounted for its investment in NMRD using the equity method of accounting because PNMR’s ownership interest results in significant influence, but not control, over NMRD and its operations. PNMR recorded as income its percentage share of earnings or loss of NMRD and carried its investment at cost, adjusted for its share of undistributed earnings or losses.
During 2023, 2022, and 2021 PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners each made cash contributions of $26.3 million, zero and zero to NMRD. In February 2021, NMRD paid both PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners a dividend of $3.0 million. PNMR Development’s cumulative equity in earnings of NMRD as of March 31, 2021 was $2.4 million and is presented as cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows for the year ending December 31, 2021. The portion of the dividend in excess of PNMR Development’s cumulative equity earnings of NMRD amounting to $0.6 million is presented as cash flows from investing activities.
PNMR presented its share of net earnings from NMRD in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Summarized financial information for NMRD is as follows:

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Operating revenues | $ | 13,629 |  |  | $ | 12,505 |  |  | $ | 12,738 |
Operating expenses | 8,228 |  |  | 9,591 |  |  | 9,733 |
Net earnings | $ | 5,401 |  |  | $ | 2,914 |  |  | $ | 3,005 |

| Financial Position
| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Current assets | $ | 2,589 |  |  | $ | 8,357 |
Net property, plant, and equipment | 235,791 |  |  | 169,440 |
Non-current assets | 1,849 |  |  | 9,631 |
Total assets | 240,229 |  |  | 187,428 |
Current liabilities | 730 |  |  | 5,822 |
Non-current liabilities | 358 |  |  | 366 |
Owners’ equity | $ | 239,141 |  |  | $ | 181,240 |

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SCHEDULE I
PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Operating Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Operating Expenses | 4,972 |  |  | 6,199 |  |  | 15,044 |
Operating (loss) | (4,972) |  |  | (6,199) |  |  | (15,044) |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 133,628 |  |  | 197,860 |  |  | 221,004 |
Other income | 2,245 |  |  | 663 |  |  | 362 |
Net other income and (deductions) | 135,873 |  |  | 198,523 |  |  | 221,366 |
Interest Charges | 58,934 |  |  | 30,430 |  |  | 11,986 |
Earnings Before Income Taxes | 71,967 |  |  | 161,894 |  |  | 194,336 |
Income Tax (Benefit) | (15,851) |  |  | (7,636) |  |  | (1,493) |
Net Earnings | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |  |  | $ | 195,829 |

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SCHEDULE I
PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022 |  | 2021
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net Cash Flows From Operating Activities | $ | (31,368) |  |  | $ | (10,261) |  |  | $ | (28,514) |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant additions | 1,138 |  |  | 1,136 |  |  | 543 |
Investments in subsidiaries | (85,500) |  |  | (70,200) |  |  | (178,071) |
Cash dividends from subsidiaries | — |  |  | 153,500 |  |  | 60,000 |
Net cash flows from investing activities | (84,362) |  |  | 84,436 |  |  | (117,528) |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings (repayments) -affiliate, net | (5,300) |  |  | (700) |  |  | 6,400 |
Revolving credit facility borrowings (repayments), net | 59,900 |  |  | (45,500) |  |  | 42,900 |
Long-term borrowings | 500,000 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 1,120,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (500,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (900,000) |
Issuance of common stock | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Awards of common stock | (9,646) |  |  | (7,980) |  |  | (10,130) |
Dividends paid | (126,177) |  |  | (119,311) |  |  | (112,444) |
Other, net | (1,221) |  |  | (686) |  |  | (673) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 115,733 |  |  | (74,177) |  |  | 146,053 |
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 3 |  |  | (2) |  |  | 11 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | 61 |  |  | 63 |  |  | 52 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 63 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 47,122 |  |  | $ | 29,904 |  |  | $ | 13,425 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | (2,500) |  |  | $ | — |

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SCHEDULE I
PNM RESOURCES, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Intercompany receivables | 55,575 |  |  | 55,304 |
Derivative instruments | 7,172 |  |  | 11,108 |
Income taxes receivable | 8,266 |  |  | 1,298 |
Other current assets | 133 |  |  | 83 |
Total current assets | 71,210 |  |  | 67,854 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $18,810 and $17,721 | 20,374 |  |  | 21,513 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 3,345,400 |  |  | 3,118,442 |
Other long-term assets | 44,628 |  |  | 45,501 |
Total long-term assets | 3,410,402 |  |  | 3,185,456 |
| $ | 3,481,612 |  |  | $ | 3,253,310 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Short-term debt | 69,300 |  |  | 9,400 |
Short-term debt-affiliate | 9,219 |  |  | 14,519 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 14,650 |  |  | 3,302 |
Dividends declared | 34,953 |  |  | 31,544 |
Other current liabilities | 184 |  |  | 197 |
Total current liabilities | 128,306 |  |  | 58,962 |
Long-term debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs | 999,151 |  |  | 999,612 |
Other long-term liabilities | 5,062 |  |  | 2,804 |
Total liabilities | 1,132,519 |  |  | 1,061,378 |
Common stock (no par value; 120,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 90,200,384 and 85,834,874 shares) | 1,624,823 |  |  | 1,429,102 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (62,840) |  |  | (66,048) |
Retained earnings | 787,110 |  |  | 828,878 |
Total common stockholders’ equity | 2,349,093 |  |  | 2,191,932 |
| $ | 3,481,612 |  |  | $ | 3,253,310 |

See Notes 7, 8, 11, and 16 for information regarding commitments, contingencies, and maturities of long-term debt.
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SCHEDULE II
PNM RESOURCES, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
| Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
| Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  | $ | 8,333 |  |  | $ | 4,663 |  |  | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 6,557 |  |  | $ | 7,265 |
| 2022 |  | $ | 7,265 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,098 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |
| 2023 |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 3,585 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,122 |  |  | $ | 3,388 |

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SCHEDULE II
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
| Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
| Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2021 |  | $ | 8,333 |  |  | $ | 4,597 |  |  | $ | 826 |  |  | $ | 6,491 |  |  | $ | 7,265 |
| 2022 |  | $ | 7,265 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,098 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |
| 2023 |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 3,549 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,086 |  |  | $ | 3,388 |

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SCHEDULE II
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2021 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 66 |  |  | $ | — |
2022 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |

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ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
PNMR
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, PNMR conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-2. This report is incorporated by reference herein. PNMR’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2023 has been audited by KPMG LLP, as an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in PNMR’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, PNMR’s internal control over financial reporting.
PNM
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, PNM conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-3. This report is incorporated by reference herein.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in PNM’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, PNM’s internal control over financial reporting.
TNMP
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, TNMP conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-4. This report is incorporated by reference herein.
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(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2023 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Reference is hereby made to “Proposal 1: Elect as Directors the Director Nominees Named in the Proxy Statement” in PNMR’s Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on June 4, 2024 (the “2024 Proxy Statement”), a copy of which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after December 31, 2023, to PART I, SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – “INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF PNM RESOURCES, INC.” in this Form 10-K, “Information About Our Corporate Governance – Code of Ethics,” and “Additional Information About Our Board and Board Committees – Board Committees and their Functions” – “Audit and Ethics Committee” in the 2024 Proxy Statement. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K relating to amendments to the Company’s code of ethics applicable to its senior executive and financial officers by posting such information on its website. Information about the Company’s website is included under PART I, ITEM 1 – “WEBSITES” in this Form 10-K.
ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Reference is hereby made to “Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation”, and all subheadings thereunder from “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” to “Pay Versus Performance” in the 2024 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Reference is hereby made to “Ownership of Our Common Stock – Largest Shareholders” and “ – Share Ownership of Executive Officers and Directors” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the 2024 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Reference is hereby made to “Information About Our Corporate Governance – Director Independence” and “– Related Person Transaction Policy” in the 2024 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Reference is hereby made to “Audit and Ethics Committee Report” and “Independent Auditor Fees” in the 2024 Proxy Statement. Independent auditor fees for PNM and TNMP are reported in the 2024 Proxy Statement for PNMR. All such fees are fees of PNMR. PNMR charges a management fee to PNM and TNMP that includes an allocation of independent auditor fees.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) - 1. | See Index to Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8.
(a) - 2. | Financial Statement Schedules for the years 2021, 2020, and 2019 are omitted for the reason that they are not required or the information is otherwise supplied under Part II, Item 8.
(a) - 3. | Exhibits: |

The documents listed below are being filed herewith or have been previously filed on behalf of PNM Resources, PNM or TNMP and are incorporated by reference to the filings set forth below pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 12b-32 and Regulation S-K section 10, paragraph (d).

Exhibit No. |  | Description of Exhibit |  | Filed as Exhibit: |  | Registrant (s) File No:
Articles of Incorporation and By-laws |  |  |  |
3.1 |  | Articles of Incorporation of PNMR, as amended to date (Certificate of Amendment dated October 27, 2008 and Restated Articles of Incorporation dated August 3, 2006) |  | 3.1 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed November 21, 2008 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
3.2 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of PNM, as amended through May 31, 2002 |  | 3.1.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 |  | 1-6986 PNM
3.3 |  | Articles of Incorporation of TNMP, as amended through July 7, 2005 |  | 3.1.2 to TNMP’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
3.4 |  | Bylaws of PNMR, Inc. with all amendments to and including October 24, 2017 |  | 3.4 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 25, 2017 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
3.5 |  | Bylaws of PNM, with all amendments to and including July 1, 2022 |  | 3.5 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
3.6 |  | Bylaws of TNMP with all amendments to and including June 18, 2013 |  | 3.6 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 20, 2013 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Securities Instruments‡ |  |  |  |
PNMR |  |  |  |  |  |
4.1 |  | Description of PNM Resources, Inc. Securities |  | 4.1 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
4.2 |  | Indenture, dated as of March 15, 2005, between PNMR and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Trustee |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 31, 2005 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
4.3 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among PNMR, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 15, 2005 PNMR Indenture) |  | 4.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
PNM |  |  |  |  |  |
4.4 |  | Description of Public Service Company of New Mexico Securities |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.5 |  | Indenture (for Senior Notes), dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee |  | 4.4 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.6 |  | Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2003, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Trustee (PVNGS Maricopa PCRBs, Series 2003A) |  | 4.6.4 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 |  | 1-6986 PNM

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4.7 |  | Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2010, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company (successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank), as Trustee (SJGS Farmington PCRBs Series 2010A-F) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed July 29, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.8 |  | Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2010, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company (successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank), as Trustee (PVNGS Maricopa PCRBs Series 2010A-B) |  | 10.2 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed July 29, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.9 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance effective as of May 1, 2011, among PNM, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 11, 1998 PNM Indenture) |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.10 |  | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 1, 2016, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (formerly Union Bank, N.A.) (ultimate successor as trustee to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee (SJGS and Four Corners Farmington PCRBs Series 2016A-B) |  | 4.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 27, 2016 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.11 |  | Indenture (for Senior Notes), dated as of August 1, 1998, between PNM and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 333-53367 |  | 333-53367 PNM
4.12 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among PNM, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company and Union Bank, N.A. (for August 1, 1998 PNM Indenture) |  | 4.3 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.13 |  | Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 11, 2015, supplemental to the Indenture dated as of August 1, 1998, between PNM and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($250,000,000 of 3.85% Senior Notes due 2025, Series 2015) |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 11, 2015 |  | 1-6986 PNM
TNMP |  |  |  |  |  |
4.14 |  | First Mortgage Indenture dated as of March 23, 2009 between TNMP and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 27, 2009 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.15 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among TNMP, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 23, 2009 TNMP Indenture) |  | 4.4 to TNMP’s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.16 |  | Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 3, 2013 between TNMP and Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($93,198,000 of 6.95% First Mortgage Bonds due 2043, Series 2013A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2013 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.17 |  | Sixth Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 27, 2014 between TNMP and Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($80,000,000 of 4.03% First Mortgage Bonds due 2024, Series 2014A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 27, 2014 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.18 |  | Seventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 10, 2016 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.53% First Mortgage Bonds due 2026, Series 2016A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 10, 2016 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.19 |  | Eighth Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 24, 2017 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.22% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2017A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 24, 2017 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.20 |  | Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 28, 2018 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2018A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP

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4.21 |  | Tenth Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 29, 2019 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($75,000,000 of 3.79% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019B, $75,000,000 of 3.92% First Mortgage Bonds due 2039, Series 2019C, $75,000,000 of 4.06% First Mortgage Bonds due 2044, Series 2019D) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 29, 2019 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.22 |  | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 1, 2019 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($80,000,000 of 3.60% First Mortgage Bonds due 2029, Series 2019A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2019 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.23 |  | Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 24, 2020, between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($85,000,000 of 2.73% First Mortgage Bonds due 2030, Series 2020A, $25,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020B) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.24 |  | Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2020, between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($25,000,000 of 2.93% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2020C, $50,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020D) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 15, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.25 |  | Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 16, 2021, between TNMP and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee ($65,000,000 of 2.44% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2021A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 16, 2021 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.26 |  | Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 12, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($65,000,000 of 4.13% First Mortgage Bonds due 2052, Series 2022A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 16, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.27 |  | Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($100,000,000 of First Mortgage Bonds, Series 2022B) |  | 4.3 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 16, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.28 |  | Seventeenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 28, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($95,000,000 of 3.81% First Mortgage Bonds due 2032, Series 2022C) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.29 |  | E ighteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 28, 2023, betwee n TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trust ee ($130,000,000 of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2033, Series 2023A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.30 |  | Nineteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 28, 2023, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($55,000,000 of 5.47% First Mortgage Bonds due 20 5 3, Series 2023 B) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Material Contracts |  |  |  |
10.1 |  | T erm Loan Agreeme nt, dated as of June 30, 2023 by and among PNMR, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National As sociation, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 3, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.2 |  | Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2022, among PNMR, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 24, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.3 |  | F irst Amendment to Amended and Restated Term Loan Ag reement, dated July 25, 2023, among PNMR the lender party thereto and Wells Fargo B ank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR

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10.4 |  | Tenth Amendment to and Restatement of Credit Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2022, among PNMR, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 24, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.5 |  | Eleventh Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2023, among PNMR, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.6 |  | Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2022, among PNM, the lenders party thereto, U.S. Bank National Association, as administrative agent, and BOKF, N.A. d/b/a Bank of Albuquerque, as syndication agent |  | 10.4 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 24, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.7 |  | Sixth Amendment to Credit Agreement, dated as of January 26, 2023, among PNM, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.6 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.8 |  | Term Loan Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2022, among PNM, the lender parties thereto and Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 5, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.9 |  | Note Purchase Agreement dated July 28, 2017 between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2018 SUNs, Series A-H) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.10 |  | Note Purchase Agreement dated April 30, 2020 between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2020 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.11 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated July 14, 2021, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2021 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 14, 2021 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.12 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM September 2021 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2021 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.13 |  | N ote Purcha se Agreement, dated April 28, 2023, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2023 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.14 |  | Purchase and Sale Agreement dated November 1, 2020, between Navajo Transitional Energy Company and PNM |  | 10.18 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.15 |  | Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2022, among TNMP, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on For 8-K filed March 11, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.16 |  | Increase Supplement, dated as of May 13, 2022, to the Fourth Amended and Restated Credit Agreement, dated as of March 11, 2022, among TNMP, the lenders party thereto and KeyBank National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on For 8-K filed May 16, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.17 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated December 9, 2013 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein (for $80,000,000 4.03% First Mortgage Bonds, due 2024, Series 2014A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 10, 2013 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.18 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated December 17, 2015 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein (for $60,000,000 3.53% First Mortgage Bonds, due 2026, Series 2016A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2015 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.19 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated June 14, 2017 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein (for $60,000,000 3.22% First Mortgage Bonds due 2027, Series 2017A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 14, 2017 |  | 2-97230 TNMP

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10.20 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated June 28, 2018 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($60,000,000 of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2018A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.21 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated February 26, 2019 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($80,000,000 of 3.60% First Mortgage Bonds due 2029, Series 2019A; $75,000,000 of 3.79% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019B; $75,000,000 of 3.92% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019C; $75,000,000 of 4.06% First Mortgage Bonds due 2044, Series 2019D) |  | 10.3 to TNMP’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.22 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated April 24, 2020, between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($85,000,000 of 2.73% First Mortgage Bonds due 2030, Series 2020A; $25,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020B; $25,000,000 of 2.93% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2020C; $50,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020D) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.23 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated July 14, 2021, between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($65,000,000 of 2.44% First Mortgage Bonds, due 2035, Series 2021A) |  | 10.2 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 14, 2021 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.24 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated April 27, 2022 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($65,000,000 of 4.13% First Mortgage Bonds due 2052, Series 2022A, $95,000,000 of 3.81% First Mortgage Bonds due 2032, Series 2022C) |  | 10.9 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.25 |  | B ond Purchase Agreement, dated April 28, 2023 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($130,000,000 of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2033, Series 2023A, $55,000,000 of 5.47% First Mortgage Bonds due 2053, Series 2023B) |  | 10.2 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.26** |  | PNMR 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 4.3 to PNMR’s Form S-8 Registration Statement filed May 15, 2014 |  | 333-195974 PNMR
10.27** |  | First Amendment to PNMR 2014 Performance Equity Plan |  | 99.1 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 15, 2015 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.28** |  | Second Amendment to PNMR 2014 Performance Equity Plan effective January 1, 2017 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.29** |  | PNMR 2023 Performance Equity Plan dated May 16, 2023 |  | 4.3 to PNMR’s Form S-8 Registration Statement filed May 16, 2023 |  | 333-195974 PNMR
10.30** |  | PNMR 2022 Officer Annual Incentive Plan dated April 19, 2022 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.31** |  | First Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to PNMR 2022 Officer Annual Incentive Plan |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.32** |  | PNMR 2 023 Officer Annual Incentive Plan d ated April 19, 2023 |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.33** |  | PNMR 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 28, 2018 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.34** |  | First Amendment dated March 29, 2021 to PNMR 2018 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR

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10.35** |  | PNMR 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 28, 2019 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.36** |  | First Amendment to PNMR 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.37** |  | Second Amendment dated March 29, 2021 to PNMR 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.38** |  | PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 30, 2020 |  | 10.9 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.39** |  | First Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.6 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.40** |  | Second Amendment dated March 29, 2021 to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.41** |  | Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Charles Eldred, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.42** |  | Second Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Charles Eldred, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.43** |  | Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patricia Collawn, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.44** |  | Second Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patricia Collawn, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.6 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.45** |  | Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patrick Apodaca, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.46** |  | Second Letter Amendment to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patrick Apodaca, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.7 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.47** |  | Third Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to PNMR 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.48** |  | PNMR 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 29, 2021 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.49** |  | First Amendment dated April 19, 2022 to PNMR 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.50** |  | Second Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to PNMR 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.51** |  | PNMR 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated April 19, 2022 |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.52** |  | First Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to PNMR 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.53** |  | PNMR 2 023 Long-Term Inc entive Plan dated April 19, 2023 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR

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10.54** |  | PNMR Director Deferred Stock Rights Program effective December 1, 2017 |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.55** |  | Acknowledgement Form for officer restricted stock rights and awards granted under the PNMR 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 10.4.2 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.56** |  | 2021 Director Compensation Summary |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.57** |  | 2022 Director Compensation Summary |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.58** |  | Acknowledgement Form with attached Terms and Conditions for restricted stock rights granted to directors on and after 2018 under the PNMR 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.59** |  | Acknowledgement Form with attached Terms and Conditions for restricted stock rights granted to directors on and after 2023 under the PNMR 2023 Performance Equity Plan dated May 1 6, 2023 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.60** |  | PNMR Executive Spending Account Plan (amended and restated effective January 1, 2011) |  | 10.4 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 1, 2011 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.61** |  | First Amendment to PNMR Executive Spending Account Plan effective January 1, 2011 |  | 10.7 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.62** |  | Second Amendment to PNMR Executive Spending Account executed December 13, 2017 |  | 10.2 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.63** |  | Third Amendment to PNMR Executive Spending Account effective February 22, 2018 |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.64** |  | PNMR Executive Savings Plan II (amended and restated effective January 1, 2015) |  | 10.1.2 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.65** |  | First Amendment to PNMR Executive Savings Plan II executed April 15, 2016 |  | 10.7 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.66** |  | Second Amendment to PNMR Executive Savings Plan II executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.7 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.67** |  | Summary of PNMR Officer Paid Time Off Program |  | 10.6 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.68** |  | PNMR Non-Union Severance Pay Plan effective December 1, 2021 |  | 10.53 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.69** |  | PNMR Officer Retention Plan executed October 20, 2020, as amended and restated effective as of October 20, 2020 |  | 10.3 to PNMR’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 21, 2020 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.70** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed November 11, 2020 for Elisabeth A. Eden |  | 10.65 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 28, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.71** |  | First Amendment to Employee Retention Agreements, executed January 20, 2022 for Elisabeth A. Eden |  | 10.66 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 28, 2023 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.72** |  | PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan dated April 28, 2004 |  | 10.24.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 |  | 333-32170 PNMR

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10.73** |  | First Amendment to PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan dated December 16, 2004 |  | 10.27 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004. |  | 333-32170 PNMR
10.74** |  | Second Amendment to PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan executed April 5, 2007 |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.75** |  | Third Amendment to the PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan effective January 1, 2009 |  | 10.10 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.76** |  | Fourth Amendment to the PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan effective January 1, 2009 |  | 10.15 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.77** |  | Fifth Amendment to the PNMR Officer Life Insurance Plan executed December 16, 2011 |  | 10.5 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.78** |  | PNMR Officer Financial Counseling Program offered by AYCO, a Goldman Sachs Company, effective January 9, 2020 |  | 10.61 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.79** |  | PNMR Officers Long Term Disability Coverage Description for Prudential Policy effective January 1, 2012 |  | 10.8 to PNMR’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 333-32170 PNMR
10.80** |  | Form of Amended and Restated Indemnity Agreement for PNMR officers and directors approved July 23, 2019 |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.81** |  | E mployee Retention Agreement, executed December 4, 2023 for Joseph D. Tarry |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.82** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed December 5, 2023 for Patricia K. Collawn |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.83** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed December 5, 2023 for Patrick V. Apodaca |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
10.84 |  | Supplemental Indenture of Lease dated as of July 19, 1966 between PNM and other participants in the Four Corners Project and the Navajo Indian Tribal Council |  | 4-D to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 2-26116 |  | 2-26116 PNM
10.85 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 1 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease dated April 25, 1985 between the Navajo Tribe of Indians and Arizona Public Service Company, El Paso Electric Company, Public Service Company of New Mexico, Salt River project Agricultural Improvement and Power District, Southern California Edison Company, and Tucson Electric Power Company (refiled) |  | 10.1.1 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1995 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.86 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 2 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease with the Navajo Nation dated March 7, 2011 |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.87 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 3 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease with the Navajo Nation dated March 7, 2011 |  | 10.2 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.88 |  | Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement among PNM and Arizona Public Service Company, Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District, Tucson Gas & Electric Company and El Paso Electric Company, dated August 23, 1973 |  | 5-T to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 2-50338 |  | 2-50338 PNM
10.89 |  | Amendments No. 1 through No. 6 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement |  | 10.8.1 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1991 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.90 |  | Amendment No. 7 effective April 1, 1982, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.8.2 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1991 |  | 1-6986 PNM

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10.91 |  | Amendment No. 8 effective September 12, 1983, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.58 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1993 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.92 |  | Amendment No. 9 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated as of June 12, 1984 (refiled) |  | 10.8.4 to PNM’s Annual Report of the Registrant on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1994 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.93 |  | Amendment No. 10 dated as of November 21, 1985 and Amendment No. 11 dated as of June 13, 1986 and effective January 10, 1987 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.8.5 to PNM’s Annual Report of the Registrant on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1995 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.94 |  | Amendment No. 12 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated June 14, 1988, and effective August 5, 1988 |  | 19.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1990 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.95 |  | Amendment No. 13 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated April 4, 1990, and effective June 15, 1991 |  | 10.8.10 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1990 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.96 |  | Amendment No. 14 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement effective June 20, 2000 |  | 10.8.9 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.97 |  | Amendment No. 15 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated November 29, 2010 and effective January 13, 2011 |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 1, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.98 |  | Amendment No. 16, effective as of April 28, 2014, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement |  | 10.3 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.99 |  | Master Decommissioning Trust Agreement for Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station dated March 15, 1996, between PNM and Mellon Bank, N.A. |  | 10.68 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1996 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.100 |  | Amendment Number One to the Master Decommissioning Trust Agreement for Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station dated January 27, 1997, between PNM and Mellon Bank, N.A. |  | 10.68.1 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1997 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.101 |  | Amendment Number Two to the Master Decommissioning Trust Agreement for Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station between PNM and Mellon Bank, N.A. |  | 10.68.2 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2003 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.102 |  | Stipulation in the matter of PNM’s transition plan Utility Case No. 3137, dated October 10, 2002 as amended by Amendment to Stipulated Agreement dated October 18, 2002 |  | 10.86 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.103 |  | Stipulation dated February 28, 2005 in NMPRC Case No. 04-00315-UT regarding the application of PNMR and TNMP for approval of the TNP acquisition |  | 10.134 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 |  | 1-32462 PNMR/ TNMP
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |
21 |  | Certain subsidiaries of PNMR |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
Auditor Consents |  |  |  |
23.1 |  | Consent of KPMG LLP for PNM Resources, Inc. |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
23.2 |  | Consent of KPMG LLP for Public Service Company of New Mexico |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
Officer Certifications |  |  |  |
31.1 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
31.2 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR

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31.3 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
31.4 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
31.5 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
31.6 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
32.1 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
32.2 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
32.3 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Additional Exhibits |  |  |  |
97 |  | P NMR Compensation Recou pment Policy (Clawback Policy) |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR
99.1 |  | Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Wastewater Effluent, dated November 13, 2000, among the City of Tolleson, Arizona Public Service Company and Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District |  | 99.19 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2013 |  | 1-6986 PNM
99.2 |  | Municipal Effluent Purchase and Sale Agreement dated April 23, 2010 between Cities of Phoenix, Mesa, Tempe, Scottsdale and Glendale, Arizona municipal corporations; and APS, SRP, acting on behalf of themselves and EPE, SCE, PNM, SCPPA, and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power |  | 10.6 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
XBRL Exhibits |  |  |  |
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP
104 |  | Cover Page Inline XBRL File (included in Exhibits 101) |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 PNMR/PNM/ TNMP

* One or more additional documents, substantially identical in all material respects to this exhibit, have been entered into, relating to one or more additional sale and leaseback transactions. Although such additional documents may differ in other respects (such as dollar amounts and percentages), there are no material details in which such additional documents differ from this exhibit.
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** Designates each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be identified pursuant to paragraph 3 of Item 15(a) of Form 10-K.
‡ Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the registrants included in the financial statements of registrants filed herewith have been omitted because the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10% of the total assets of registrants. The registrants hereby agree to furnish a copy of any such omitted instrument to the SEC upon request.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | PNM RESOURCES, INC.
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 29, 2024 | By |  | /s/ P. K. Collawn
|  |  |  | P. K. Collawn
|  |  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | February 29, 2024
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer | February 29, 2024
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and |  |  |
Treasurer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 29, 2024
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ V.A. Bailey |  | Director | February 29, 2024
V.A. Bailey |  |  |
/s/ N.P. Becker |  | Director | February 29, 2024
N. P. Becker |  |  |
/s/ E. R. Conley |  | Director | February 29, 2024
E. R. Conley |  |  |
/s/ A. J. Fohrer |  | Director | February 29, 2024
A. J. Fohrer |  |  |
/s/ S. M. Gutierrez |  | Director | February 29, 2024
S. M. Gutierrez |  |  |
/s/ J.A. Hughes |  | Director | February 29, 2024
J.A. Hughes |  |  |
/s/ M. T. Mullarkey |  | Director | February 29, 2024
M. T. Mullarkey |  |  |
/s/ D. K. Schwanz |  | Director | February 29, 2024
D. K. Schwanz |  |  |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 29, 2024 | By |  | /s/ J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ J. D. Tarry |  | Principal Executive Officer and Director | February 29, 2024
J. D. Tarry |  |  |
President and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer and Director | February 29, 2024
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and |  |  |
Treasurer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 29, 2024
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Chairman of the Board | February 29, 2024
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
/s/ M. P. Mertz |  | Director | February 29, 2024
M. P. Mertz |  |  |

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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 29, 2024 | By |  | /s/ J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ J. D. Tarry |  | Principal Executive Officer and Director | February 29, 2024
J. D. Tarry |  |  |
Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer and Director | February 29, 2024
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer, and |  |  |
Treasurer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 29, 2024
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Chairman of the Board | February 29, 2024
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
/s/ M. P. Mertz |  | Director | February 29, 2024
M. P. Mertz |  |  |
/s/ J. N. Walker |  | Director | February 29, 2024
J. N. Walker |  |  |

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