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Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)

☒ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2024

☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the transition period from _________ to _________

Name of Registrant, State of Incorporation, Address Of Principal Executive Offices, Telephone Number, Commission File No., IRS Employer Identification No.

TXNM Energy, Inc.
(A New Mexico Corporation)
414 Silver Ave. SW
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3289
Telephone Number - (505) 241-2700
Commission File No. - 001-32462
IRS Employer Identification No. - 85-0468296
Public Service Company of New Mexico
(A New Mexico Corporation)
414 Silver Ave. SW
Albuquerque, New Mexico 87102-3289
Telephone Number - (505) 241-2700
Commission File No. - 001-06986
IRS Employer Identification No. - 85-0019030
Texas-New Mexico Power Company
(A Texas Corporation)
577 N. Garden Ridge Blvd.
Lewisville, Texas 75067
Telephone Number - (972) 420-4189
Commission File No. - 002-97230
IRS Employer Identification No. - 75-0204070

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

Registrant | Title of each class | Trading Symbol(s) | Name of each exchange on which registered
TXNM Energy, Inc. | Common Stock, no par value | TXNM | New York Stock Exchange

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:

Registrant |  | Title of each class
Public Service Company of New Mexico |  | 1965 Series, 4.58% Cumulative Preferred Stock
|  | ($100 stated value without sinking fund)

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act.

| TXNM Energy, Inc. (“TXNM”) | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| Public Service Company of New Mexico (“PNM”) | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| Texas-New Mexico Power Company (“TNMP”) | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

Indicate by check mark if each registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act.

| TXNM | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| PNM | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| TNMP | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports) and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days.

| TXNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| TNMP | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

(NOTE: As a voluntary filer, not subject to the filing requirements, TNMP filed all reports under Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months.)
Indicate by check mark whether each registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files).

| TXNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| TNMP | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐

Indicate by check mark whether each registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer,” “smaller reporting company,” and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
TXNM |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |
| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
PNM |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |
| Large accelerated filer |  | Accelerated filer |  | Non-accelerated filer |  | Smaller reporting company |  | Emerging growth company
TNMP |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☑ |  |  |  | ☐ |  |  |  | ☐ |

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with any new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has filed a report on and attestation to its management’s assessment of the effectiveness of its internal control over financial reporting under Section 404(b) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act (15 U.S.C. 7262(b)) by the registered public accounting firm that prepared or issued its audit report.

| TXNM | Yes | ☑ | No | ☐
| PNM | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑
| TNMP | Yes | ☐ | No | ☑

If securities are registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Exchange Act, indicate by check mark whether the financial statements of the registrant included in the filing reflect the correction of an error to previously issued financial statements. £
Indicate by check mark whether any of those error corrections are restatements that require a recovery analysis of incentive-based compensation received by any of the registrant’s executive officers during the relevant recovery period pursuant to Section 240.10 D-1(b). £
Indicate by check mark whether the registrants are a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ☑
As of February 14, 2025, shares of common stock outstanding were:

TXNM | 92,659,335 |
PNM | 39,117,799 |
TNMP | 6,358 |

On June 28, 2024, the aggregate market value of the voting common stock held by non-affiliates of TXNM as computed by reference to the New York Stock Exchange composite transaction closing price of $36.96 per share reported by The Wall Street Journal, was $3,333,806,193. PNM and TNMP have no common stock held by non-affiliates.
PNM AND TNMP MEET THE CONDITIONS SET FORTH IN GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS (I) (1) (a) AND (b) OF FORM 10-K AND ARE THEREFORE FILING THIS FORM WITH THE REDUCED DISCLOSURE FORMAT PURSUANT TO GENERAL INSTRUCTION (I) (2).
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the following document are incorporated by reference into Part III of this report:
Proxy Statement to be filed by TXNM with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A relating to the annual meeting of shareholders of TXNM to be held on May 13, 2025.
This combined Form 10-K is separately filed by TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. Information contained herein relating to any individual registrant is filed by such registrant on its own behalf. Each registrant makes no representation as to information relating to the other registrants. When this Form 10-K is incorporated by reference into any filing with the SEC made by TXNM, PNM, or TNMP, as a registrant, the portions of this Form 10-K that relate to each other registrant are not incorporated by reference therein.
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Table of Contents
TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

|  |  | Page
GLOSSARY |  |  | iii
PART I |
ITEM 1. BUSINESS | A - 1
THE COMPANY | A - 1
WEBSITES | A - 1
OPERATIONS AND REGULATION | A - 2
REGULATED OPERATIONS |
TNMP | A - 2
PNM | A - 3
CORPORATE AND OTHER | A - 4
SOURCES OF POWER | A - 5
FUEL | A - 7
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS | A - 8
COMPETITION | A - 8
HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES | A - 9
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS | A - 9
SECURITIES ACT DISCLAIMER | A - 11
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS | A - 11
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS | A - 21
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY |  |  | A - 21
ITEM 2. PROPERTIES | A - 22
ITEM 3. LEGAL PROCEEDINGS | A - 23
ITEM 4. MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES | A - 23
SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF TXNM E NERGY, INC. | A - 23
PART II |
ITEM 5. MARKET FOR TXNM’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER |
MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES | A - 24
ITEM 6. [RESERVED] | A - 24
ITEM 7. MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS | A - 24
ITEM 7A. QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURE ABOUT MARKET RISK | A - 55
ITEM 8. FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA | B - 1
ITEM 9. CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING | C - 1
AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE |
ITEM 9A. CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES | C - 1
ITEM 9B. OTHER INFORMATION | C - 2
ITEM 9C. DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS | C - 2
PART III |
ITEM 10. DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE | C - 2
ITEM 11. EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION | C - 2
ITEM 12. SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND |
MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS | C - 2
ITEM 13. CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR |
INDEPENDENCE | C - 2
ITEM 14. PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES | C - 2
PART IV |
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES | D - 1
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY | D - 12
SIGNATURES | E - 1

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GLOSSARY

Definitions: |  |
2024 Forward Sale Agreements |  | TXNM’s forward sale agreements under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program
2024 Rate Change |  | PNM’s request for a general increase in electric rates filed with the NMPRC on December 5, 2022 using a calendar year 2024 FTY
2025 Rate Request |  | PNM’s request for a general increase in electric rates filed with the NMPRC on June 14, 2024 using a FTY beginning July 1, 2025
2026 Resource Application |  | PNM’s October 25, 2023 application with the NMPRC for approval of resources to be available for the 2026 summer peak
ABCWUA |  | Albuquerque Bernalillo County Water Utility Authority
ABO |  | Accumulated Benefit Obligation
ACE Rule |  | Affordable Clean Energy Rule
AEP OnSite Partners |  | AEP OnSite Partners, LLC, a subsidiary of American Electric Power, Inc.
Afton |  | Afton Generating Station
AFUDC |  | Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
AMI |  | Advanced Metering Infrastructure
AMS |  | Advanced Meter System
AOCI |  | Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income
APBO |  | Accumulated Postretirement Benefit Obligation
APS |  | Arizona Public Service Company, the operator and a co-owner of PVNGS and Four Corners
ARO |  | Asset Retirement Obligation
ARP |  | Alternative Revenue Program
ASU |  | Accounting Standards Update
Avangrid |  | Avangrid, Inc., a New York corporation
BART |  | Best Available Retrofit Technology
Board |  | Board of Directors of TXNM
BSER |  | Best system of emission reduction technology
BTU |  | British Thermal Unit
CAA |  | Clean Air Act
CAISO |  | California Independent System Operator
Carbon Pollution Standards |  | Carbon Pollution Standards established by the EPA on August 3, 2015
Casa Mesa Wind |  | Casa Mesa Wind Energy Center
CCN |  | Certificate of Convenience and Necessity
CCR |  | Coal Combustion Residuals
CCS |  | Carbon Capture Storage/ Sequestration
CIAC |  | Contributions in Aid of Construction
CO 2 |  | Carbon Dioxide
CODM |  | Chief Operating Decision Maker
Community Solar Act |  | Senate Bill 84 effective June 18, 2021
Convertible Notes |  | TXNM’s $550.0 Million junior subordinated convertible notes issued on June 10, 2024 and June 21, 2024
COVID-19 |  | Novel coronavirus global pandemic
CPI |  | Collateral Protection Insurance
CSA |  | Coal Supply Agreement
CWIP |  | Construction work in progress
DC Circuit |  | United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia Circuit
DCRF |  | Distribution cost recovery filing
DOE |  | United States Department of Energy
EDAM |  | Extended Day Ahead Market
EEI |  | Edison Electric Institute, an association representing all US investor-owned electric companies.
Effective Time |  | The time the Merger is consummated
EGU |  | Electric Generating Unit
EIM |  | Western Energy Imbalance Market developed and operated by CAISO
ELG |  | Effluent Limitation Guidelines
Energy Transition Charge |  | Rate rider established to collect non-bypassable customer charges for repayment of the ETBC I Securitized Bonds

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EPA |  | United States Environmental Protection Agency
EPE |  | El Paso Electric Company
ERCOT |  | Electric Reliability Council of Texas
ESA |  | Energy Storage Agreement
ESG |  | Environmental, Social, and Governance principles
ETA |  | The New Mexico Energy Transition Act
ETBC I |  | PNM Energy Transition Bond Company I, LLC, formed on August 25, 2023
ETBC I Securitized Bonds |  | On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 Million aggregate principal amount of its senior secured energy transition bonds, Series A in two tranches.
EUEA |  | The New Mexico Efficient Use of Energy Act
EV |  | Electric Vehicle
Exchange Act |  | Securities Exchange Act of 1934
Farmington |  | The City of Farmington, New Mexico
FASB |  | Financial Accounting Standards Board
FAST Act |  | SEC’s modernization and simplification of Regulation S-K
FERC |  | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission
FIP |  | A Federal Implementation Plan (FIP) is an air quality plan developed by the EPA under certain circumstances to help states or tribes attain and/or maintain the NAAQS for criteria air pollutants and fulfill other requirements of the Clean Air Act.
FMB |  | First Mortgage Bond
Four Corners |  | Four Corners Power Plant
Four Corners Abandonment Application |  | PNM’s January 8, 2021 application for approval for the abandonment of Four Corners and issuance of a securitized financing order
Four Corners CSA |  | Four Corners’ coal supply contract with NTEC
Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement |  | PNM’s pending sale of its 13% ownership interest in Four Corners to NTEC
FPPAC |  | Fuel and Purchased Power Adjustment Clause
FTY |  | Future Test Year
GAAP |  | Generally Accepted Accounting Principles in the United States of America
GHG |  | Greenhouse Gas Emissions
Grid Modernization Application |  | PNM’s October 3, 2022 application for approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 Million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy
GWh |  | Gigawatt hours
IBEW |  | International Brotherhood of Electrical Workers
INDC |  | Intended Nationally Determined Contribution
IRA |  | Inflation Reduction Act
IRC |  | Internal Revenue Code
IRP |  | Integrated Resource Plan
IRS |  | Internal Revenue Service
ISFSI |  | Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation
kV |  | Kilovolt
KW |  | Kilowatt
KWh |  | Kilowatt Hour
La Joya Wind I |  | La Joya Wind Facility generating 166 MW of output that became operational in February 2021
La Joya Wind II |  | La Joya Wind Facility generating 140 MW of output that became operational in June 2021
La Luz |  | La Luz Generating Station
Leased Interest |  | Leased capacity in PVNGS Unit 1 and Unit 2
Lightning Dock Geothermal |  | Lightning Dock geothermal power facility, also known as the Dale Burgett Geothermal Plant
Lordsburg |  | Lordsburg Generating Station
Luna |  | Luna Energy Facility
MD&A |  | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations
Merger |  | The merger of TXNM pursuant to the Merger Agreement, with TXNM surviving the Merger as a direct, wholly-owned subsidiary of Avangrid (Subsequently terminated December 31, 2023)
Merger Agreement |  | The Agreement and Plan of Merger, dated October 20, 2020. (Subsequently terminated December 31, 2023)
Meta |  | Meta Platform, Inc., formerly known as Facebook Inc.
MMBTU |  | Million BTUs

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Table of Contents

Moody’s |  | Moody’s Investor Services, Inc.
MW |  | Megawatt
MWh |  | Megawatt Hour
NAAQS |  | National Ambient Air Quality Standards
NDT |  | Nuclear Decommissioning Trusts for PVNGS
NEE |  | New Energy Economy
NERC |  | North American Electric Reliability Corporation
New Mexico Wind |  | New Mexico Wind Energy Center
NM 2015 Rate Case |  | Request for a General Increase in Electric Rates Filed by PNM on August 27, 2015
NM 2016 Rate Case |  | Request for a General Increase in Electric Rates Filed by PNM on December 7, 2016
NM AREA |  | New Mexico Affordable Reliable Energy Alliance, formerly New Mexico Industrial Energy Consumers Inc.
NM Supreme Court |  | New Mexico Supreme Court
NMED |  | New Mexico Environment Department
NMMMD |  | The Mining and Minerals Division of the New Mexico Energy, Minerals and Natural Resources Department
NMPRC |  | New Mexico Public Regulation Commission
NMRD |  | NM Renewable Development, LLC, owned 50% each by PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners, LLC
NOx |  | Nitrogen Oxides
NPDES |  | National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System
NRC |  | United States Nuclear Regulatory Commission
NTEC |  | Navajo Transitional Energy Company, LLC, an entity owned by the Navajo Nation
OATT |  | Open Access Transmission Tariff
OCI |  | Other Comprehensive Income
OMB |  | Office of Management and Budget
OPEB |  | Other Post-Employment Benefits
OSM |  | United States Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement
Paris Agreement |  | A legally binding international treaty on climate change adopted on December 12, 2015
Pattern Wind |  | Pattern New Mexico Wind, LLC, an affiliate of Western Spirit and Pattern Development
PBO |  | Projected Benefit Obligation
PCRBs |  | Pollution Control Revenue Bonds
PM |  | Particulate Matter
PNM |  | Public Service Company of New Mexico and Subsidiaries
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | PNM’s $40.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PNM 2019 $40.0 Million Term Loan |  | PNM’s $40.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan
PNM 2021 Note Purchase Agreement |  | PNM’s Agreement for the sale of PNM’s 2021 SUNs
PNM 2021 SUNs |  | PNM’s $160.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on July 14, 2021
PNM 2021 Term Loan |  | PNM’s $75.0 Million 18-month Unsecured Term Loan that was repaid on August 5, 2022
PNM 2022 Delayed- Draw Term Loan |  | PNM’s $225.0 Million Unsecured Term Loan that matures February 5, 2024
PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement |  | PNM’s agreement for sale of PNM’s 2023 SUNs
PNM 2023 SUNs |  | PNM’s $200.0 million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on April 28, 2023
PNM 2024 SUNs |  | PNM’s $200.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes in which $150 Million matures on April 28, 2035 and $50 Million matures on April 28, 2053
PNM 2024 Term Loan |  | PNM’s $200 Million Unsecured Term Loan issued on May 10, 2024
PNM 2025 Term Loan |  | PNM’s $195 Million Unsecured Term Loan issued on January 21, 2025
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | PNM’s $400.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
PNM September 2021 Note Purchase Agreement |  | PNM’s Agreement for the sale of PNM’s September 2021 SUNs
PNM September 2021 SUNs |  | PNM’s $150.0 Million Senior Unsecured Notes issued on December 2, 2021
PNMR Development |  | PNMR Development and Management Company, an unregulated wholly-owned subsidiary of TXNM

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PPA |  | Power Purchase Agreement
PSPS Plan |  | PNM’s Public Safety Power Shutoff Plan filed with the NMPRC on May 1, 2024
PUCT |  | Public Utility Commission of Texas
PV |  | Photovoltaic
PVNGS |  | Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application |  | Application with the NMPRC requesting approval for the decertification and abandonment of 114MW of leased PVNGS capacity
RCT |  | Reasonable Cost Threshold
RD |  | Recommended Decision
REA |  | New Mexico’s Renewable Energy Act of 2004
RECs |  | Renewable Energy Certificates
Red Mesa Wind |  | Red Mesa Wind Energy Center
REP |  | Retail Electricity Provider
RFP |  | Request For Proposal
Rio Bravo |  | Rio Bravo Generating Station, formerly known as Delta
ROE |  | Return on Equity
RPS |  | Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard
S&P |  | Standard and Poor’s Ratings Services
SCE |  | Southern California Edison Company
SCPPA |  | Southern California Public Power Authority
SEC |  | United States Securities and Exchange Commission
Securities Act |  | The Securities Act of 1933, as amended
Securitized Bonds |  | Energy transition bonds
SIP |  | State Implementation Plan
SJCC |  | San Juan Coal Company
SJGS |  | San Juan Generating Station
SJGS Abandonment Application |  | PNM’s July 1, 2019 consolidated application seeking NMPRC approval to retire PNM’s share of SJGS in 2022, for related replacement generating resources, and for the issuance of Securitized Bonds under the ETA
SJGS CSA |  | San Juan Generating Station Coal Supply Agreement
SO 2 |  | Sulfur Dioxide
SOFR |  | Secured Overnight Financing Rate
SRP |  | Salt River Project
SUNs |  | Senior Unsecured Notes
Tax Act |  | Federal tax reform legislation enacted on December 22, 2017, commonly referred to as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act
TCEQ |  | Texas Commission on Environmental Quality
TCOS |  | Transmission Cost of Service
TECA |  | Texas Electric Choice Act
TEP |  | Transportation Electrification Program
TNMP |  | Texas-New Mexico Power Company and Subsidiaries
TNMP 2018 Rate Case |  | TNMP’s General Rate Case Application filed on May 30, 2018
TNMP 2022 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of an aggregate $160.0 Million of TNMP’s 2022 Bonds
TNMP 2023 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2023 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2023 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of an aggregate $185.0 Million of TNMP’s 2023 Bonds
TNMP 2024 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2024 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2024 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of an aggregate $285.0 Million of TNMP’s 2024 Bonds
TNMP 2025 Bonds |  | TNMP’s First Mortgage Bonds to be issued under the TNMP 2025 Bond Purchase Agreement
TNMP 2025 Bond Purchase Agreement |  | TNMP’s Agreement for the sale of an aggregate $140.0 Million of TNMP’s 2025 Bonds
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | TNMP’s $200.0 Million Secured Revolving Credit Facility
TNP |  | TNP Enterprises, Inc. and Subsidiaries
TOD |  | Time of Day

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TSAs |  | Transmission Service Agreements
Tucson |  | Tucson Electric Power Company
TXNM |  | TXNM Energy, Inc. formerly known as PNM Resources, Inc. (“PNMR”)
TXNM 2020 Forward Equity Sale Agreements |  | TXNM’s Block Equity Sale of 6.2 Million Shares of TXNM Common Stock with Forward Sales Agreement
TXNM 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan |  | TXNM’s $1.0 Billion Unsecured Delayed-Draw Term Loan that matures on May 18, 2025
TXNM 2022 ATM Program |  | TXNM’s agreement to sell up to an aggregate sales price of $200.0 Million of common stock
TXNM 2023 Term Loan |  | TXNM $500.0 Million term loan that matures on June 30, 2026
TXNM 2024 ATM Program |  | TXNM’s distribution agreement pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $300.0 Million of its common stock, no par value, through the sales agents
TXNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | TXNM’s $300.0 Million Unsecured Revolving Credit Facility
U.S. |  | The Unites States of America
US Supreme Court |  | United States Supreme Court
Valencia |  | Valencia Energy Facility
VIE |  | Variable Interest Entity
WACC |  | Weighted Average Cost of Capital
Western Spirit Line |  | An approximately 150-mile 345-kV transmission line that PNM purchased in December 2021
Westmoreland |  | Westmoreland Coal Company
WFB LOC Facility |  | Letter of credit arrangements with Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., entered into in August 2020
WMP |  | PNM’s Wildfire Mitigation Plan filed with the NMPRC on May 1, 2024
WRAP |  | Western Resource Adequacy Program
WSJ |  | Westmoreland San Juan, LLC, an indirect wholly-owned subsidiary of Westmoreland
WSJ LLC |  | Westmoreland San Juan, LLC, a subsidiary of Westmoreland Mining Holdings, LLC, and current owner of SJCC
WSPP |  | Western Systems Power Pool

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Table of Contents
PART I
ITEM 1.BUSINESS
THE COMPANY
Overview
TXNM Energy, Inc., formerly PNM Resources, Inc. (“PNMR”), is a holding company with two regulated electric utilities, PNM and TNMP, serving approximately 834,000 residential, commercial, and industrial customers in New Mexico and Texas. PNMR was incorporated in the State of New Mexico in 2000. In 2024, PNMR amended its Articles of Incorporation to change its name to TXNM Energy, Inc. (“TXNM”) and its common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TXNM.
Vision, Values and Business Objectives
TXNM’s vision is to create a clean and bright energy future while fulfilling its purpose to work together with customers and communities to meet their energy needs. TXNM’s core values of Safety, Caring and Integrity are the foundation for the Company’s business objectives focused on safety excellence and customer satisfaction, including reliability. To reach these objectives, the Company is committed to:
•Preparing our workforce with the knowledge and skills to thrive in a customer-focused world
•Purposefully delivering an intentional customer experience that exceeds our evolving customer and stakeholder expectations
•Enabling an environmentally sustainable future and deploying technologically advanced solutions that empower and benefit customers
•Demonstrating the relationship between customer excellence and our dedicated focus on financial strength
Meeting the business objectives above will drive key financial results:
•Earning authorized returns on regulated businesses
•Delivering at or above industry-average long-term earnings growth, with a dividend payout ratio between 50 and 60 percent of earnings
•Maintaining investment grade credit ratings
The Company believes that maintaining strong and modern electric infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and supporting economic growth. PNM and TNMP strive to balance service affordability with infrastructure investment to maintain a high level of electric reliability and to deliver a safe and superior customer experience.
Both PNM and TNMP seek cost recovery for their investments through general rate cases, periodic cost of service filings, and various rate riders. Additional information about rate filings is provided in Operations and Regulation below and in Note 17.
Other Information
These filings for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP include disclosures for each entity. For discussion purposes, this report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. Discussions regarding only TXNM, PNM, or TNMP are so indicated. A reference to “MD&A” in this report refers to Part II, Item 7. – Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations. A reference to a “Note” refers to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
Financial information relating to amounts of revenue, net earnings, and total assets of reportable segments is contained in MD&A and Note 2.
WEBSITES
The TXNM website is an important source of Company information. New or updated information for public access is routinely posted. TXNM encourages analysts, investors, and other interested parties to register on the website to automatically receive Company information by e-mail. This information includes news releases, notices of webcasts, and filings with the SEC. Participants will not receive information that was not requested and can unsubscribe at any time.
Our corporate websites are:
•TXNM: www.txnmenergy.co m
•PNM: www.pnm.com
•TNMP: www.tnmp.com
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Table of Contents
TXNM’s corporate website includes a dedicated section providing key environmental and other sustainability information related to PNM’s and TNMP’s operations. This information highlights plans for PNM to be coal-free no later than 2031 and to have a carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040.
The contents of these websites are not a part of this Form 10-K and the inclusion of our website address in this report is an inactive textual reference only. The SEC filings of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP, including annual reports on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, are accessible free of charge on the TXNM website as soon as reasonably practicable after they are filed with, or furnished to, the SEC. Reports filed with the SEC are available on its website, www.sec.gov. These reports are also available in print upon request from TXNM free of charge.
Also available on the Company’s website at https://www.txnmenergy.com/sustainability/governance/governance-documents and in print upon request from any shareholder are TXNM’s:
•Corporate Governance Principles
•Code of Ethics (Do the Right Thing – Principles of Business Conduct; Supplier Code of Conduct)
•Charters of the Audit and Ethics Committee, Nominating and Governance Committee, Compensation and Human Capital Committee, and Finance Committee
•Restated Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
The Company will post amendments to or waivers from its code of ethics (to the extent applicable to the Company’s executive officers and directors) on its website.
OPERATIONS AND REGULATION
Regulated Operations
Electric power demand is generally seasonal. Power consumption in both Texas and New Mexico peaks during the hot summer months with revenues traditionally peaking during that period. The seasonality of demand for electricity in turn impacts the timing of plant maintenance and operating expense throughout the year. As a result, the quarterly operating results of TXNM and its operating subsidiaries vary throughout the year. In addition, unusually mild or extreme weather patterns may cause the overall operating results of the Company to fluctuate. See Notes 16 and 17 for additional information on rate cases and other regulatory matters.
TNMP
Operational Information
TNMP is a regulated utility operating and incorporated in the State of Texas. TNMP’s predecessor was organized in 1925. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services in Texas under the provisions of TECA and the Texas Public Utility Regulatory Act. TNMP is subject to traditional cost-of-service regulation with respect to rates and service under the jurisdiction of the PUCT and certain municipalities. TNMP’s transmission and distribution activities are solely within ERCOT, which is the independent system operator responsible for maintaining reliable operations for the bulk electric power supply system in most of Texas. Therefore, TNMP is not subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. TNMP serves a market of small to medium sized communities, most of which have populations of less than 50,000. TNMP is the exclusive provider of transmission and distribution services in most areas it serves.
TNMP’s service territory consists of three non-contiguous areas. One portion of this territory extends from Lewisville, which is approximately 10 miles north of the Dallas-Fort Worth International Airport, eastward to municipalities near the Red River, and to communities north, west, and south of Fort Worth. The second portion of its service territory includes the area along the Texas Gulf Coast between Houston and Galveston, and the third portion includes areas of far west Texas between Midland and El Paso. TNMP owns 1,022 miles of electric transmission lines that interconnect with other utilities in Texas. There has been a significant increase in interconnection requests and data center applications on the TNMP system, which has necessitated new transmission stations, upgrades at existing stations, and transmission line capacity upgrades.
TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service area.
For its volumetric load consumers billed on KWh usage, TNMP experienced an increase of 1.8% in its weather normalized retail load in 2024 compared to 2023. For its weather normalized demand-based load, excluding retail transmission and data center consumers, TNMP experienced an increase of 2.4% in 2024 compared to 2023. Data center load, including distribution and transmission, has increased 13.7% in 2024 compared to 2023. As of December 31, 2024, 126 active REPs receive transmission and distribution services from TNMP. In 2024, the two largest REPs accounted for 26% and 20% of TNMP’s operating revenues. No other consumer accounted for more than 10% of revenues.
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TNMP holds long-term, non-exclusive franchise agreements for its electric transmission and distribution services. These agreements have varying expiration dates, and some have expired. TNMP intends to negotiate and execute new or amended franchise agreements with municipalities where the agreements have expired or will be expiring. Since TNMP is the exclusive provider of transmission and distribution services in most areas that it serves, the need to renew or renegotiate franchise agreements should not have a material adverse impact. TNMP also earns revenues from service provided to facilities in its service area that lie outside the territorial jurisdiction of the municipalities with which TNMP has franchise agreements.
Regulatory Activities
The rates TNMP charges customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by the PUCT. The PUCT has approved mechanisms that allow TNMP to recover capital invested in transmission and distribution projects without having to file a general rate case. The PUCT approved interim adjustments to TNMP’s transmission rates of $13.1 million in March 2024 and $3.9 million in September 2024. On January 24, 2025, TNMP filed an application to further update its transmission rates, which would increase revenues by $11.5 million annually. The application is pending before the PUCT. The PUCT approved interim adjustments to TNMP’s distribution revenue requirement of $15.6 million in July 2024 and $7.7 million in November 2024. The PUCT also approved rate riders that allow TNMP to recover amounts related to energy efficiency and third-party transmission costs.
In August 2024, TNMP filed its first SRP with the PUCT designed to benefit customers through enhanced resiliency of its distribution system. The SRP is subject to PUCT approval over 180 days as stated in Texas legislation. In December 2024, TNMP filed an unopposed settlement with the PUCT. The settlement includes $565.8 million of capital investments over 2025 through 2027, reflecting 94% of TNMP’s proposed plan investments. The settlement also encompasses $128.2 million of operations and maintenance expenses associated with several programs, including vegetation management and wildfire mitigation.
PNM
Operational Information
PNM is an electric utility that provides electric generation, transmission, and distribution service to its rate-regulated customers. PNM was incorporated in the State of New Mexico in 1917. PNM’s retail electric service territory covers a large area of north-central New Mexico, including the cities of Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe, and certain areas of southern New Mexico as well as 9 sovereign nations. Service to retail electric customers is subject to the jurisdiction of the NMPRC. The largest retail electric customer served by PNM accounted for 4.2% of its retail electric revenues for the year ended December 31, 2024. Other services provided by PNM include wholesale transmission services to third parties. Regulation encompasses the utility’s electric rates, service, accounting, issuances of securities, construction of major new generation, abandonment of existing generation, types of generation resources, transmission and distribution facilities, and other matters.
PNM’s weather-normalized residential load increased by 1.5% and its weather normalized commercial load was flat in 2024 compared to 2023. In addition, PNM experienced an increase in industrial load of 12.5% compared to 2023. The system peak demands for retail customers are as follows:
System Peak Demands

| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (Megawatts)
Summer | 2,147 |  |  | 2,162 |  |  | 2,139 |
Winter | 1,643 |  |  | 1,545 |  |  | 1,526 |

PNM holds long-term, non-exclusive franchise agreements for its electric retail operations, with varying expiration dates. These franchise agreements allow the utility to access public rights-of-way for placement of its electric facilities. To the extent franchise agreements expire in some areas PNM serves, PNM remains obligated under New Mexico state law to provide service to customers in these areas, and therefore, the expirations should not have a material adverse impact. The Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe metropolitan areas accounted for 39.4%, 7.7% and 5.5% of PNM’s 2024 revenues. No other franchise area represents more than 5%. PNM also earns revenues from its electric retail operations in its service areas that do not require franchise agreements.
PNM owns 3,444 miles of electric transmission lines that interconnect with other utilities in New Mexico, Arizona, Colorado, Texas, and Utah. New Mexico is frequently characterized by its high potential for solar and wind capacity. PNM owns transmission capacity in an area of eastern New Mexico with large wind generation potential and in recent years there has been substantial interest by developers of wind generation to interconnect to PNM’s transmission system in this area.
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Regulatory Activities
NMPRC Regulated Retail Rate Proceedings
In June 2024, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for a general increase in retail electric rates. The application proposed an increase of $174.3 million in retail revenues which is comprised of a $92.2 million increase in base rates and a $82.1 million increase in revenues collected under PNM’s FPPAC and reflects an ROE of 10.45%. The proposed base rate changes would be implemented in two phases, with the first phase effective July 1, 2025 and the second phase effective January 1, 2026. In November 2024, PNM filed its unopposed comprehensive stipulation with the NMPRC. Key components include an increase of $105.0 million in retail revenues with the first phase effective July 1, 2025 and the second phase effective April 1, 2026, reflecting an ROE of 9.45%.
In October 2024, the NMPRC approved PNM’s Grid Modernization Plan. PNM’s plan to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. PNM’s grid modernization investments include approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy.
PNM has a NMPRC-approved rate rider to collect costs for renewable energy procurements that are not otherwise being collected in rates. The NMPRC has also approved riders designed to allow PNM to bill and collect substantially all fuel and purchased power costs, costs of approved energy efficiency initiatives, and costs associated with enhancing transportation electrification in New Mexico.
FERC Regulated Wholesale Transmission
Rates charged to wholesale electric transmission customers, other than customers on the Western Spirit Line, are based on a formula rate mechanism pursuant to which rates for wholesale transmission service are calculated annually in accordance with an approved formula. The formula includes updating cost of service components, including investment in plant and operating expenses, based on information contained in PNM’s annual financial report filed with FERC, as well as including projected transmission capital projects to be placed into service in the following year. The projections included are subject to true-up in the formula rate for the following year. Certain items, including changes to return on equity and depreciation rates, require a separate filing to be made with FERC before being included in the formula rate.
Renewable Energy
The REA was enacted to encourage the development of renewable energy in New Mexico. The ETA amended the REA and requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The REA provides for streamlined proceedings for approval of utilities’ renewable energy procurement plans, provides utilities recovery of costs incurred consistent with approved procurement plans, and sets a RCT for the procurement of renewable resources to prevent excessive costs being added to rates. PNM files required renewable energy plans with the NMPRC annually and makes procurements consistent with the plans approved by the NMPRC.
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment includes TXNM holding company activities, primarily related to corporate level debt and the activities of PNMR Services Company. PNMR Services Company provides corporate services through shared services agreements to TXNM and all of TXNM’s business units, including PNM and TNMP. These services are charged and billed at cost on a monthly basis to the business units. The activities of PNMR Development and the equity method investment in NMRD are also included in Corporate and Other, until the close of the sale of NMRD on February 27, 2024.
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SOURCES OF POWER
TNMP
TNMP provides only transmission and distribution services and does not sell power.
PNM
Generation Capacity
PNM’s capacity in electric generating facilities in commercial operation as of December 31, 2024 are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Generation |  | Percent of
|  |  |  |  |  | Capacity |  | Generation
Type |  | Name |  | Location |  | (MW) |  | Capacity
Solar |  | PNM-owned solar |  | Twenty sites in New Mexico |  | 158 |  |  | 3.7 | %
Solar |  | Britton |  | Los Lunas, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Encino |  | Los Lunas, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Encino North |  | Los Lunas, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Solar Direct |  | Rio Arriba County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Route 66 |  | Cibola County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Arroyo |  | McKinley County, New Mexico |  | 300 |  |  | 7.0 |
Solar |  | Sky Ranch |  | Valencia County, New Mexico |  | 190 |  |  | 4.5 |
Solar |  | Jicarilla I |  | Rio Arriba County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Solar |  | Atrisco |  | Bernalillo County, New Mexico |  | 300 |  |  | 7.0 |
Solar |  | San Juan |  | San Juan County, New Mexico |  | 200 |  |  | 4.7 |
Solar |  | Other |  | Los Lunas, New Mexico |  | 30 |  |  | 0.7 |
Wind |  | New Mexico Wind |  | House, New Mexico |  | 200 |  |  | 4.7 |
Wind |  | Red Mesa Wind |  | Seboyeta, New Mexico |  | 102 |  |  | 2.4 |
Wind |  | Casa Mesa Wind |  | House, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Wind |  | La Joya Wind I |  | Torrance, New Mexico |  | 166 |  |  | 3.9 |
Wind |  | La Joya Wind II |  | Torrance, New Mexico |  | 140 |  |  | 3.3 |
Geothermal |  | Lightning Dock Geothermal |  | Lordsburg, New Mexico |  | 11 |  |  | 0.3 |
Renewable resources |  |  |  | 2,147 |  |  | 50.3 |
Energy storage |  | PNM-owned battery |  | Valencia County & Bernalillo County, New Mexico |  | 12 |  |  | 0.3 |
Energy storage |  | Arroyo |  | McKinley County, New Mexico |  | 150 |  |  | 3.5 |
Energy storage |  | Jicarilla |  | Rio Arriba County, New Mexico |  | 20 |  |  | 0.5 |
Energy storage |  | Sky Ranch |  | Valencia County, New Mexico |  | 50 |  |  | 1.2 |
Energy storage |  | San Juan |  | San Juan County, New Mexico |  | 100 |  |  | 2.3 |
Energy storage |  | Atrisco |  | Bernalillo County, New Mexico |  | 300 |  |  | 7.0 |
Energy storage resources |  |  |  | 632 |  |  | 14.8 |
Gas |  | Reeves Station |  | Albuquerque, New Mexico |  | 146 |  |  | 3.4 |
Gas |  | Afton (combined cycle) |  | La Mesa, New Mexico |  | 235 |  |  | 5.5 |
Gas |  | Lordsburg |  | Lordsburg, New Mexico |  | 85 |  |  | 2.0 |
Gas |  | Luna (combined cycle) |  | Deming, New Mexico |  | 190 |  |  | 4.5 |
Gas/Oil |  | Rio Bravo |  | Albuquerque, New Mexico |  | 149 |  |  | 3.5 |
Gas |  | Valencia |  | Belen, New Mexico |  | 155 |  |  | 3.6 |
Gas |  | La Luz |  | Belen, New Mexico |  | 41 |  |  | 1.0 |
Gas-fired resources |  |  |  | 1,001 |  |  | 23.5 |
Nuclear |  | PVNGS |  | Wintersburg, Arizona |  | 288 |  |  | 6.7 |
Coal |  | Four Corners |  | Fruitland, New Mexico |  | 200 |  |  | 4.7 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 4,268 |  |  | 100.0 | %

Renewable and Energy Storage Resources
In addition to PNM’s owned and contracted solar facilities, PNM has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 308.5 MW at December 31, 2024. PNM stores energy under ESAs and purchases renewable power under long-term PPAs, all currently having expiration dates beginning in January 2035 and extending through May 2047. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory, which are expected to be in service by summer of 2026. If adjusted for these approved plans, the table above would reflect the percentage of generation capacity from renewable resources of 52.1%, energy
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storage resources of 19.2%, nuclear resources of 5.6%, and fossil-fueled resources of 23.1%. In addition, PNM has filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2028 summer peak, which are necessary for PNM to meet forecasted peak load requirements to serve its customers and to continue progress towards a carbon-free generating portfolio. These resources and their currently expected operation dates are as follows:

|  |  |  |  |  | Generation
|  |  |  | Expected |  | Capacity
Type |  | Resource For |  | Operation |  | (MW)
NMPRC Approved |  |  |  |  |  |
Solar |  | Meta Data Center |  | 2025 |  | 140 |
Energy storage |  | Meta Data Center |  | 2025 |  | 50 |
Solar |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 100 |
Energy storage |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 100 |
Energy storage |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 100 |
Energy storage |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 50 |
PNM-owned battery |  | 2026 Resource Application |  | 2026 |  | 60 |
|  |  |  |  |  | 600 |
NMPRC Approval Pending |  |  |  |  |  |
Gas |  | 2028 Resource Application |  | 2028 |  | 167
PNM-owned solar |  | 2028 Resource Application |  | 2028 |  | 100
PNM-owned battery |  | 2028 Resource Application |  | 2028 |  | 30
Energy storage |  | 2028 Resource Application |  | 2028 |  | 150
Energy storage |  | 2028 Resource Application |  | 2028 |  | 150
|  |  |  |  |  | 597

Fossil‑Fueled Plants
Four Corners Units 4 and 5 are 13% owned by PNM. These units are jointly owned with APS, SRP, Tucson, and NTEC, and are operated by APS. PNM had no ownership interest in Four Corners Units 1, 2, or 3, which were shut down by APS in 2013. The Four Corners plant site is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government. APS, on behalf of the Four Corners participants, negotiated amendments to extend the owners’ right to operate the plant on the site to July 2041.
PNM owns 100% of Reeves, Afton, Rio Bravo, Lordsburg, and La Luz and one-third of Luna. The remaining interests in Luna are owned equally by Tucson and Samchully Power & Utilities 1, LLC. PNM is also entitled to the entire output of Valencia under a PPA. Reeves, Lordsburg, Rio Bravo, La Luz, and Valencia are used primarily for peaking power and transmission support. As discussed in Note 10, Valencia is a variable interest entity and is consolidated by PNM.
Nuclear Plant
PNM is participating in the three units of PVNGS with APS (the operating agent), SRP, EPE, SCE, SCPPA, and the Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles. PNM has ownership interests of 2.3% in Unit 1, 9.4% in Unit 2, and 10.2% in Unit 3. See Note 16 for information on other PVNGS matters.
Purchased Power
PNM engages in activities to optimize its existing jurisdictional assets and long-term power agreements through transacting in the hour-ahead, day-ahead, week-ahead, and month-ahead bilateral markets that allows PNM to market any excess generation not required to fulfill retail load and contractual commitments.
PNM participates in the EIM, a real-time wholesale energy trading market operated by CAISO, which enables participating electric utilities to buy and sell energy, which has generated cost savings that are passed through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC. PNM also plans to join the EDAM, which is a voluntary day-ahead regional market that expands on CAISO’s EIM market, as early as 2027. PNM also engages in activities to optimize its existing jurisdictional assets and long-term power agreements through transacting in the hour-ahead, day-ahead, week-ahead, and month-ahead bilateral markets that allows PNM to market any excess generation not required to fulfill retail load and contractual commitments. PNM joined the WRAP in April 2023, which is a first-of-its-kind program in the West that adds a region-wide coordination between power providers for assessing and addressing resource adequacy. WRAP is currently in the non-binding phases of the program, which is expected to continue through the summer of 2027.
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Plant Operating Statistics
Equivalent availability of PNM’s major base-load generating stations was:

Plant |  | Operator |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Four Corners |  | APS |  | 78.1% |  | 61.2% |  |
PVNGS |  | APS |  | 91.8 |  | 91.4 |  |

Joint Projects
SJGS, PVNGS, Four Corners, and Luna are joint projects each owned or leased by several different entities. Some participants in the joint projects are investor-owned entities, while others are privately, municipally, tribally, or co-operatively owned. Furthermore, participants in SJGS had varying percentage interest in different generating units within the project and have different percentage interest with respect to plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation obligations.
The primary operating or participation agreements for the other joint projects expire July 2041 for Four Corners, December 2046 for Luna, and November 2047 for PVNGS. As described above, Four Corners is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government.
It is possible that other participants in the joint projects have circumstances and objectives that have changed from those existing at the time of becoming participants. The status of these joint projects is further complicated by the uncertainty surrounding the form of potential legislation and/or regulation of GHG, other air emissions, and CCRs, as well as the impacts of the costs of compliance and operational viability of all or certain units within the joint projects. It is unclear how these factors will enter into discussions and negotiations concerning the status of the joint projects as the expiration of basic operational agreements approaches. PNM can provide no assurance that its participation in the joint projects will continue in the manner that currently exists.
FUEL
PNM
The percentages (on the basis of KWh) of PNM’s generation of electricity, including Valencia, fueled by coal, nuclear fuel, and gas and oil, and the average costs to PNM of those fuels per MMBTU were as follows:

| Coal |  | Nuclear |  | Gas
| Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost |  | Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost |  | Percent of Generation |  | Average Cost
2024 | 8.2 | % |  | $ | 8.81 |  |  | 43.3 | % |  | $ | 0.86 |  |  | 41.2 | % |  | $ | 0.97 |
2023 | 12.8 |  |  | 4.19 |  |  | 32.3 |  |  | 0.73 |  |  | 49.9 |  |  | 3.42 |

In 2024 and 2023, 7.3% and 5.0% of PNM’s generation was from utility-owned solar, which has no fuel cost. Due to locally available natural gas, the utilization of locally available coal deposits, and the generally adequate supply of nuclear fuel, PNM believes that adequate sources of fuel are available for its generating stations into the foreseeable future. PNM recovers substantially all of its fuel and purchased power costs through the FPPAC.
Coal
Four Corners obtains its coal requirements from a mine near the plant. The coal supply arrangement for Four Corners runs through July 6, 2031 and provides for pricing adjustments over its term based on economic indices. See Note 16 for additional information about PNM’s coal supply arrangements. See Note 17 for additional information about PNM’s SJGS Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, and PNM’s IRP, which all focus on a carbon-free electricity portfolio by 2040.
Natural Gas
The natural gas used as fuel for the electric generating plants is procured on the open market and delivered by third-party transportation providers. The supply of natural gas can be subject to disruptions due to extreme weather events and/or pipeline or facility outages. PNM has contracted for firm gas transmission capacity to minimize the potential for disruptions due to extreme weather events. Certain natural gas plants of PNM’s are generally used as peaking resources that are highly relied upon during seasonally high load periods and/or during periods of extreme weather, which also may be the times natural gas has the highest demand from other users.
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Nuclear Fuel and Waste
PNM is one of several participants in PVNGS. The PVNGS participants are continually identifying their future nuclear fuel resource needs and negotiating arrangements to fill those needs. Additional needed supplies are covered through existing inventories or spot market transactions. The PVNGS participants have contracted for 100% of PVNGS’s requirements for uranium concentrates through 2025 and an average of 50% through 2030. For conversion services, 100% are contracted through 2025 and an average of 86% through 2030. For enrichment services an average of 75% is contracted through 2028. For fuel assembly fabrication 100% is contracted through 2027.
The Nuclear Waste Policy Act of 1982 required the DOE to begin to accept, transport, and dispose of spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste generated by the nation’s nuclear power plants by 1998. The DOE’s obligations are reflected in a contract with each nuclear power plant. The DOE failed to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel by 1998. APS (on behalf of itself and the other PVNGS participants) pursued legal actions for which settlements were reached. See Note 16 for information concerning these actions.
The DOE had planned to meet its disposal obligations by designing, licensing, constructing, and operating a permanent geologic repository at Yucca Mountain, Nevada. In March 2010, the DOE filed a motion to dismiss with prejudice its Yucca Mountain construction authorization application that was pending before the NRC. Several legal proceedings followed challenging DOE’s withdrawal of its Yucca Mountain construction authorization application. None of these lawsuits have been conclusively decided. However, the DC Circuit ordered the NRC to resume its review of the application. The results of the NRC’s review publications do not signal whether or when the NRC might authorize construction of the repository.
All spent nuclear fuel from PVNGS is being stored on-site. PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store all of the nuclear fuel that will be irradiated during the initial operating license periods, which end in December 2027. Additionally, PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store a portion of the fuel that will be irradiated during the extended license periods, which end in November 2047. If uncertainties regarding the U.S. government’s obligation to accept and store spent fuel are not favorably resolved, the PVNGS participants will evaluate alternative storage solutions. These may obviate the need to expand the ISFSI to accommodate all of the fuel that will be irradiated during the extended license periods.
ENVIRONMENTAL MATTERS
Electric utilities are subject to stringent laws and regulations for protection of the environment by local, state, federal, and tribal authorities. In addition, PVNGS is subject to the jurisdiction of the NRC, which has the authority to issue permits and licenses and to regulate nuclear facilities in order to protect the health and safety of the public from radioactive hazards and to conduct environmental reviews. The liabilities under these laws and regulations can be material. In some instances, liabilities may be imposed without regard to fault, or may be imposed for past acts, whether or not such acts were lawful at the time they occurred. See MD&A – Other Issues Facing the Company – Climate Change Issues for information on GHG. In addition, Note 16 contains information related to the following matters, incorporated in this item by reference:
•PVNGS Decommissioning Funding
•Nuclear Spent Fuel and Waste Disposal
•The Energy Transition Act
•Environmental Matters under the caption “The Clean Air Act”
•Cooling Water Intake Structures
•Effluent Limitation Guidelines
•Santa Fe Generating Station
•Environmental Matters under the caption “Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal”
COMPETITION
Regulated utilities are generally not subject to competition from other utilities in areas that are under the jurisdiction of state regulatory commissions. In New Mexico, PNM does not have direct competition for services provided to its retail electric customers. In Texas, TNMP is not currently in any direct retail competition with any other regulated electric utility. However, PNM and TNMP are subject to customer conservation and energy efficiency activities, as well as initiatives to utilize alternative energy sources, including self-generation, or otherwise bypass the PNM and TNMP systems.
PNM is subject to varying degrees of competition in certain territories adjacent to or within the areas it serves. This competition comes from other utilities in its region as well as rural electric cooperatives and municipal utilities. PNM is involved in the generation and sale of electricity into the wholesale market to serve its New Mexico retail customers. PNM is subject to competition from regional utilities and merchant power suppliers with similar opportunities to generate and sell energy at market-based prices and larger trading entities that do not own or operate generating assets.
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HUMAN CAPITAL RESOURCES
TXNM depends on over 1,600 dedicated employees to deliver outstanding customer service and transform into a carbon-free generation future.
Culture
Our inclusive workforce makes the Company successful through our core values of safety, caring, and integrity. Our culture fosters an accountability and behavioral mindset to sustain shared purpose. Transparency, collaboration, and innovation create both individual and organizational focus on achieving key results. Aligned with the core value of safety, we continued an in-depth safety culture initiative with training and actionable plans integrated into leadership development. In addition, we incorporate mental and physical well-being into our culture through a robust employee wellness program.
Talent Management and Total Rewards
We seek to attract and retain a highly skilled workforce by offering competitive compensation and benefits as well as opportunities for career advancement. Total compensation packages are reviewed regularly to ensure competitiveness within the industry and consistency with performance levels. We are committed to leadership development and mentorship programs, which ensure our leaders’ success and provide diverse learning plans for all employees.
Diversity and Inclusion
Our core values also drive a culture committed to diversity and inclusion. Our diverse workforce enables the Company to provide exceptional value to our customers and stakeholders. Our 1,695 employees include 35% represented by a bargaining unit, 27% women, 56% minorities, 15% identified as disabled, and 9% veterans. Our diversity goal at the Company is for our workforce to mirror the communities we serve. To enhance diversity, we take a multi-tiered approach, including required training for all employees on topics including Americans with Disability Act and diversity in the workplace and leaders are trained in unconscious bias, incorporating diversity into our hiring process and undertaking targeted recruitment with organizations supporting diverse candidates. Compensation equity is reviewed three times per year, and we perform a robust annual succession planning process, including an evaluation of our programs for diversity and inclusion.
Governance
The Board agrees that human capital management is an important component of TXNM’s continued growth and success, and is essential for its ability to attract, retain and develop talented and skilled employees. Management regularly reports to the Compensation and Human Capital Committee of the Board on human capital management topics, including corporate culture, diversity and inclusion, employee development and compensation and benefits. The Compensation and Human Capital Committee has oversight of talent retention and development and succession planning, and the Board provides input on important decisions in each of these areas.
Employees
The following table sets forth the number of employees of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP as of December 31, 2024:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
Corporate (1) | 444 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PNM | 868 |  |  | 868 |  |  | — |
TNMP | 383 |  |  | — |  |  | 383 |
Total | 1,695 |  |  | 868 |  |  | 383 |

(1) Represents employees of PNMR Services Company.
As of December 31, 2024, PNM had 380 employees in its power plant and operations areas that are currently covered by a collective bargaining agreement with the IBEW Local 611 that is in effect through April 30, 2026. As of December 31, 2024, TNMP had 206 employees represented by IBEW Local 66 covered by a collective bargaining agreement that is in effect through August 31, 2027. The wages and benefits for PNM and TNMP employees who are members of the IBEW are typically included in the rates charged to electric customers and consumers, subject to approval of the NMPRC and PUCT.
DISCLOSURE REGARDING FORWARD LOOKING STATEMENTS
Statements made in this filing that relate to future events or TXNM’s, PNM’s, or TNMP’s expectations, projections, estimates, intentions, goals, targets, and strategies are made pursuant to the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. Readers are cautioned that all forward-looking statements are based upon current expectations and estimates and apply only as of the date of this report. TXNM, PNM, and TNMP assume no obligation to update this information.
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Because actual results may differ materially from those expressed or implied by these forward-looking statements, TXNM, PNM, and TNMP caution readers not to place undue reliance on these statements. TXNM’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s business, financial condition, cash flows, and operating results are influenced by many factors, which are often beyond their control, that can cause actual results to differ from those expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements. These factors, which are neither presented in order of importance nor weighted, include:
•The ability of PNM and TNMP to recover costs and earn allowed returns in regulated jurisdictions and the impact on service levels for PNM customers if the ultimate outcomes do not provide for the recovery of costs and operating and capital expenditures, as well as other impacts of federal or state regulatory and judicial actions
•The ability of the Company to successfully forecast and manage its operating and capital expenditures, including aligning expenditures with the revenue levels resulting from the ultimate outcomes of regulatory proceedings
•Uncertainty surrounding the status of PNM’s participation in jointly-owned generation projects
•Uncertainty regarding the requirements and related costs of decommissioning power plants and reclamation of coal mines, as well as the ability to recover those costs from customers, including the potential impacts of current and future regulatory proceedings
•The impacts on the electricity usage of customers and consumers due to performance of state, regional, and national economies, energy efficiency measures, weather, seasonality, alternative sources of power, advances in technology, and other changes in supply and demand
•Uncertainty related to the potential for regulatory orders, legislation or rulemakings that provide for municipalization of utility assets or public ownership of utility assets, including generation resources, or which would delay or otherwise impact the procurement of necessary resources in a timely manner
•The Company’s ability to maintain its debt, including convertible debt, and access the financial markets in order to repay or refinance debt as it comes due and for ongoing operations and construction expenditures due to disruptions in the capital or credit markets, actions by ratings agencies, and fluctuations in interest rates resulting from any negative impacts from regulatory proceedings, actions by the Federal Reserve, geopolitical activity, or the risk of wildfires and storms
•The risks associated with the cost and completion of generation, transmission, distribution, and other projects, including uncertainty related to regulatory approvals and cost recovery, the ability of counterparties to meet their obligations under certain arrangements (including renewable energy resources, approved PPAs and ESAs), and supply chain or other outside support services that may be disrupted
•The potential unavailability of cash from TXNM’s subsidiaries due to regulatory, statutory, or contractual restrictions or subsidiary earnings or cash flows
•The performance of generating units, transmission systems, and distribution systems, which could be negatively affected by operational issues, fuel quality and supply chain issues (disruptions), unplanned outages, extreme weather conditions, wildfires, storms, terrorism, cybersecurity breaches, and other catastrophic events, including the costs the Company may incur to repair its facilities and/or the liabilities the Company may incur to third parties in connection with such issues beyond the extent of insurance coverage
•State and federal regulation or legislation relating to environmental matters and renewable energy requirements, the resultant costs of compliance, and other impacts on the operations and economic viability of PNM’s generating plants
•State and federal regulatory, legislative, executive, and judicial decisions and actions on ratemaking, and taxes, including guidance related to the interpretation of changes in tax laws, the Inflation Reduction Act of 2022, the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, and other matters
•Risks related to climate change, including potential financial and reputational risks resulting from increased stakeholder scrutiny related to climate change, litigation, legislative and regulatory efforts to limit GHG, including the impacts of the ETA
•Employee workforce factors, including cost control efforts and issues arising out of collective bargaining agreements and labor negotiations with union employees
•Variability of prices and volatility and liquidity in the wholesale power and natural gas markets, including the impacts to transmission margins
•Changes in price and availability of fuel and water supplies, including the ability of the mine supplying coal to Four Corners and the companies involved in supplying nuclear fuel to provide adequate quantities of fuel
•Regulatory, financial, and operational risks inherent in the operation of nuclear facilities, including spent fuel disposal uncertainties
•The impacts of decreases in the values of marketable securities maintained in trusts to provide for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other postretirement benefits, including potential increased volatility resulting from actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns, and international developments
•Uncertainty surrounding counterparty performance and credit risk, including the ability of counterparties to supply fuel and perform reclamation activities and impacts to financial support provided to facilitate reclamation and decommissioning at SJGS
•The effectiveness of risk management regarding commodity transactions and counterparty risk
•The outcome of legal proceedings, including the extent of insurance coverage
•Changes in applicable accounting principles or policies
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For information about the risks associated with the use of derivative financial instruments see Part II, Item 7A. “Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.”
SECURITIES ACT DISCLAIMER
Certain securities described in this report have not been registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or any state securities laws and may not be reoffered or sold in the United States absent registration or an applicable exemption from the registration requirements of the Securities Act of 1933 and applicable state securities laws. This Form 10-K does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities.
ITEM 1A. RISK FACTORS
The business and financial results of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties, many of which are beyond their control, including those set forth below and in MD&A, Note 16, and Note 17. For other factors that may cause actual results to differ materially from those indicated in any forward-looking statement contained in this report, see Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements in Item 1. Business. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services to REPs that provide electric service to consumers in TNMP’s service territories. References to customers in the risk factors discussed below also encompass the customers of these REPs who are the ultimate consumers of electricity transmitted and distributed through TNMP’s facilities.
Regulatory Risks
The profitability of TXNM’s utilities depends on being able to recover their costs through regulated rates and earn a fair return on invested capital, including investments in its generating plants. Without timely cost recovery, including recovery of undepreciated investments and the opportunity to earn a fair return on capital investments, TXNM’s liquidity and results of operations could be negatively impacted. Further, PNM and TNMP are in a period of significant capital expenditures. While increased capital investments, higher interest rates, and other costs are placing upward pressure on rates charged to customers, energy efficiency initiatives and other factors are placing downward pressure on customer usage. The combination of these matters could adversely affect the Company’s results of operations and cash flows.
The rates PNM charges its customers are regulated by the NMPRC and FERC. TNMP is regulated by the PUCT. The Company is in a period requiring significant capital investment and is projecting total construction expenditures for the years 2025-2029 to be $7.8 billion. PNM and TNMP anticipate a trend toward increasing costs, for which they will have to seek regulatory recovery. These costs include, or are related to, costs of asset construction for generation, transmission, and distribution systems necessary to provide electric service, as well as the cost to remove and retire existing assets, environmental compliance expenditures, regulatory mandates to acquire power from renewable resources, regulation related to nuclear safety, increased costs related to cybersecurity, increased interest costs to finance capital investments, and depreciation. If the regulators do not authorize appropriate recovery of any of the costs discussed above, including undepreciated generating resources at the time those resources are removed from service and fails to authorize recovery of the costs of obtaining power to replace those resources, PNM and TNMP’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be negatively impacted.
At the same time costs are increasing, there are factors placing downward pressure on the demand for power, thereby reducing customer usage. These factors include changing customer behaviors, increased emphasis on energy efficiency measures, utilization of alternative sources of power, rate design that is not driven by economics, unfavorable economic conditions, reduced new sources of demand, and unpredictable weather patterns. The combination of costs increasing relatively rapidly and the technologies and behaviors that are reducing energy consumption places upward pressure on the per unit prices that must be charged to recover costs. This upward pressure on unit prices could result in additional efforts by customers to reduce consumption through alternative measures. Without timely cost recovery and the authorization to earn a reasonable return on invested capital, the Company’s liquidity and results of operations could be negatively impacted.
In June 2024, PNM filed the 2025 Rate Request for a two-phase implementation of a $3.0 billion increase in total rate base. The increase includes investments in transmission, distribution, and generation facilities to ensure safe, reliable delivery of electricity and a request for an ROE of 10.45%. An adverse outcome in the 2025 Rate Request could negatively impact PNM’s financial position, results of operation, and cash flows. See Note 17.
It is also possible that unsatisfactory outcomes of these matters, the financial impact of climate change regulation or legislation, other environmental regulations, the result of litigation, the adequacy and timeliness of cost recovery mechanisms, and other business considerations, could jeopardize the economic viability of certain generating facilities or the ability or willingness of individual participants to continue their participation through the periods currently contemplated in the agreements governing those facilities.
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TXNM’s utilities are subject to numerous comprehensive federal, state, tribal, and local environmental laws and regulations, including those related to climate change as well as increased stakeholder actions related to sustainability matters and reducing GHG, which may impose significant compliance costs and may significantly limit or affect their operations and financial results.
Compliance with federal, state, tribal, and local environmental laws and regulations, including those addressing climate change, air quality, CCRs, discharges of wastewater originating from fly ash and bottom ash handling facilities, cooling water, sustainability, GHG emissions, and other matters, may result in increased capital, operating, and other costs, particularly with regard to enforcement efforts focused on power plant emission control obligations. These costs could include remediation, containment, civil liability, and monitoring expenses. The Company cannot predict how it would be affected if existing environmental laws and regulations were to be repealed, revised, or reinterpreted, or if new environmental laws or regulations were to be adopted. See Note 16 and the Climate Change Issues subsection of the Other Issues Facing the Company section of MD&A.
The utility industry is facing increasing stakeholder scrutiny related to sustainability. Recently, TXNM has seen a rise in certain stakeholders, such as investors, customers, employees, and lenders, placing increasing importance on the impact and social cost associated with climate change. Federal GHG reduction measures setting standards and emission guidelines, and climate-related disclosure rules remain in a state of uncertainty. Therefore, TXNM is dealing with an uncertain regulatory and policy environment and increased scrutiny and changing stakeholder expectations with respect to environmental and climate change programs, judicial decisions, and international accords. Under the Biden Administration, EPA and other federal agencies have sought to expand climate change regulations and work to aggressively reduce GHG emissions. Although it is uncertain how the current Trump Administration will ultimately act with respect to these regulations, many state agencies, environmental advocacy groups, and other organizations will continue to focus on decarbonization with enhanced attention on GHG from fossil-fueled generation facilities. See discussion above and Note 17, regarding PNM’s abandonment applications and the ETA. PNM currently depends on fossil-fueled generation for 28.2% of its electricity. As discussed under Climate Change Issues, this type of generation is subject to existing and future EPA or state regulations requiring GHG reductions. The anticipated expansion of federal and state regulations could result in additional operating restrictions on facilities and increased generation and compliance costs.
CCRs from the operation of SJGS were used in the reclamation of a surface coal mine. These CCRs consist of fly ash, bottom ash, and gypsum. Any new regulation that would affect the reclamation process, including any future decision regarding classification of CCRs as hazardous waste, could significantly increase the costs of the disposal of CCRs and the costs of mine reclamation. In addition, PNM would incur additional costs to the extent the rule requires the closure or modification of CCR units at Four Corners or the construction of new CCR units beyond those already anticipated or requires corrective action to address releases from CCR disposal units at the site. See Note 16.
A regulatory body may identify a site requiring environmental cleanup, including cleanup related to catastrophic events such as hurricanes or wildfires, and designate PNM or TNMP as a responsible party. There is also uncertainty in quantifying exposure under environmental laws that impose joint and several liability on all potentially responsible parties. Failure to comply with environmental laws and regulations, even if such non-compliance is caused by factors beyond PNM’s or TNMP’s control, may result in the assessment of civil or criminal penalties and fines.
In the first round of the CAA regional haze program, BART determinations were made for both SJGS and Four Corners, requiring the facilities to reduce the levels of visibility-impairing emissions, including NOx, through the installation of control technology, resulting in operating cost increases. Deadlines for SIPs for the second planning period were in July 2021 which NMED was unable to meet. NMED is currently preparing its next regional haze SIP and notified PNM that it will not be required to submit a regional haze four-factor analysis for SJGS since PNM retired its share of SJGS in 2022.
In February 2024, EPA proposed to impose a federal implementation plan on New Mexico to address the interstate transport of ozone and its precursors, referred to by EPA as the “good neighbor” rule. If finalized as proposed, compliance with the rule would require specified fossil fuel-fired generating resources to participate in an ozone-season NOx emission allowance trading program that will limit total NOx emissions from all affected units within the state of New Mexico. In December 2024, EPA pulled its proposed rule from the OMB and did not specify if and when the rule might be resubmitted for review.
If PNM fails to timely obtain, maintain, or comply with any required environmental regulatory approval, operations at affected facilities could be suspended or could subject PNM to additional expenses and potential penalties. Failure to comply with applicable environmental laws and regulations also could result in civil liability arising out of government enforcement actions or private claims. Environmental noncompliance could also result in reputational harm, which may cause stock price decreases or cause certain investors and financial institutions not to purchase the Company’s debt securities or otherwise provide the Company with capital or credit on favorable terms, which may cause the cost of capital to increase. In addition, TXNM and its operating subsidiaries may underestimate the costs of environmental compliance, liabilities, and litigation due to the uncertainty inherent in these matters. Although there is uncertainty about the timing and form of the implementation of EPA’s regulations regarding GHG emissions, climate change, CCRs, power plant emissions, changes to the ambient air quality
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standards, and other environmental issues, the promulgation and implementation of such regulations could have a material impact on operations. The Company is unable to estimate these costs due to the many uncertainties associated with, among other things, the nature and extent of future regulations and changes in existing regulations, including the changes in regulatory policy under the Trump Administration. Timely regulatory recovery of costs associated with any environmental-related regulations would be needed to maintain a strong financial and operational profile. The above factors could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, results of operations, and liquidity.
TXNM, PNM, and TNMP are subject to complex government regulation unrelated to the environment, which may have a negative impact on their businesses, financial position and results of operations.
To operate their businesses, TXNM, PNM, and TNMP are required to have numerous permits and approvals from a variety of regulatory agencies. Regulatory bodies with jurisdiction over the utilities include the NMPRC, NMED, PUCT, TCEQ, ERCOT, FERC, NRC, EPA, and NERC. Oversight by these agencies covers many aspects of the Company’s utility operations including, but not limited to: location, construction, and operation of facilities; the purchase of power under long-term contracts; conditions of service; the issuance of securities; and rates charged to customers. FERC has issued a number of rules pertaining to preventing undue discrimination in transmission services and electric reliability standards. The significant level of regulation imposes restrictions on the operations of the Company and causes the incurrence of substantial compliance costs. TXNM and its subsidiaries are unable to predict the impact on their business and operating results from future actions of any agency regulating the Company. Changes in existing regulations or the adoption of new ones could result in additional expenses and/or changes in business operations. Failure to comply with any applicable rules, regulations or decisions may lead to customer refunds, fines, penalties, and other payments, which could materially and adversely affect the results of operations and financial condition of TXNM and its subsidiaries.
Operational Risks
Customer electricity usage could be reduced by increases in prices charged and other factors. This could result in underutilization of PNM’s generating capacity, as well as underutilization of the capacities of PNM’s and TNMP’s transmission and distribution systems. Should this occur, operating and capital costs might not be fully recovered, and financial performance could be negatively impacted.
A number of factors influence customers’ electricity usage. These factors include but are not limited to rates charged by PNM and TNMP, rates charged by REPs utilizing TNMP’s facilities to deliver power, energy efficiency initiatives, unusual weather patterns, availability and cost of alternative sources of power, and national, regional, or local economic conditions.
These factors and others may prompt customers to institute additional energy efficiency measures or take other actions that would result in lower energy consumption. If customers bypass or underutilize PNM’s and TNMP’s facilities through self-generation, renewable, or other energy resources, technological change, or other measures, revenues would be negatively impacted.
PNM’s and TNMP’s service territories include several military bases and federally funded national laboratories, as well as large industrial customers that have significant direct and indirect impacts on the local economies where they operate. The Company does not directly provide service to any of the military bases or national laboratories but does provide service to large industrial customers. The Company’s business could be hurt from the impacts on the local economies associated with these customer groups as well as directly from the large industrial customers for a number of reasons including federally-mandated base closures, significant curtailment of the activities at the bases or national laboratories, and closure of industrial facilities or significant curtailment of their activities.
Another factor that could negatively impact the Company is that proposals are periodically advanced in various localities to municipalize, or otherwise take over PNM’s facilities, which PNM believes would require state legislative or other legal action to implement, or to establish new municipal utilities in areas currently served by PNM. If any such initiative is successful, the result could be a material reduction in the usage of the facilities, a reduction in rate base, and reduced earnings.
Should any of the above factors result in facilities being underutilized, the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be significantly impacted.
Advances in technology could make electric generating facilities less competitive.
Research and development activities are ongoing for new technologies that produce power or reduce power consumption. These technologies include renewable energy, customer-oriented generation, energy storage, and energy efficiency. PNM generates power at central station power plants to achieve economies of scale and produce power at a cost that is competitive with rates established through the regulatory process. There are distributed generation technologies that produce power, including fuel cells, microturbines, wind turbines, and solar cells, which have become increasingly cost competitive. These advances in technology have reduced the costs of these alternative methods of producing power to a level that is competitive with that of central station power production. In addition, advances made in the capabilities of energy storage have
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further decreased power production and peak usage through the dispatch of more battery systems. These technological advances have resulted in demand reduction that negatively impact revenue and/or result in underutilized assets that have been built to serve peak usage. In addition, certain federal, state, or local requirements that regulated utilities such as PNM are required to follow could result in third parties being able to provide electricity from similar generation technologies to consumers at prices lower than PNM is able to offer. As these technologies become more cost competitive or can be used by third parties to supply power at lower prices than PNM is able to offer, PNM’s energy sales and/or regulated returns could be eroded, and the value of its generating facilities could be reduced. Advances in technology could also change the channels through which electric customers purchase or use power, which could reduce the Company’s sales and revenues or increase expenses. These advances can also create more uncertainty in load shapes and forecasts, which could have implications for generation and system planning.
Costs of decommissioning, remediation, and restoration of nuclear and fossil-fueled power plants, as well as reclamation of related coal mines, could exceed the estimates of TXNM and PNM as well as the amounts PNM recovers from its ratepayers, which could negatively impact results of operations and liquidity.
PNM has interests in a nuclear power plant, a coal-fired power plant, and several natural gas-fired power plants and is obligated to pay its share of the costs to decommission these facilities. PNM is also obligated to pay for its share of the costs of reclamation of the mine that supplies coal to the coal-fired power plant. Likewise, other owners or participants are responsible for their shares of the decommissioning and reclamation obligations, and it is important to PNM that those parties fulfill their obligations. Rates charged by PNM to its customers, as approved by the NMPRC, include a provision for recovery of certain costs of decommissioning, remediation, reclamation, and restoration. The NMPRC has established a cap on the amount of costs for the final reclamation of the surface coal mines that may be recovered from customers. PNM records estimated liabilities for its share of the legal obligations for decommissioning and reclamation. These estimates include many assumptions about future events and are inherently imprecise. In the event the costs to decommission the facilities or to reclaim the mines serving the plants exceed current estimates, or if amounts are not approved for recovery by the NMPRC, results of operations could be negatively impacted.
The costs of decommissioning any nuclear power plant are substantial. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions both during and after termination of the leases. PNM maintains trust funds designed to provide adequate financial resources for decommissioning PVNGS and SJGS, and for reclamation of the coal mine that served SJGS and continues to serve Four Corners at the end of its expected life. However, if the PVNGS units are decommissioned before their planned date or the coal mine serving Four Corners is shut down sooner than expected, these funds may prove to be insufficient.
The financial performance of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP may be adversely affected if power plants, other generation resources, and transmission and distribution systems do not operate reliably and efficiently.
The Company’s financial performance depends on the successful operation of PNM’s generation assets, as well as the transmission and distribution systems of PNM and TNMP. PNM’s retirement of SJGS will increase PNM’s dependency on other generation resources, including renewable resources, gas-fired facilities, and PVNGS, and will reduce PNM’s flexibility in managing those resources. Unscheduled or longer than expected maintenance outages, breakdown or failure of equipment or processes due to aging infrastructure, inability to install or operate renewable resources, temporary or permanent shutdowns to achieve environmental compliance, other performance problems with the generation assets, severe weather conditions, accidents and other catastrophic events, acts of war or terrorism, cybersecurity attacks, wildfires, disruptions in the supply, quality, and delivery of fuel and water supplies, and other factors could result in PNM’s load requirements being larger than available system generation capacity. Unplanned outages of generating units and extensions of scheduled outages occur from time to time and are an inherent risk of the Company’s business. If these were to occur, PNM would be required to purchase electricity in either the wholesale market or spot market at the then-current market price. There can be no assurance that sufficient electricity would be available at reasonable prices, or available at all. The failure of transmission or distribution facilities may also affect PNM’s and TNMP’s ability to deliver power. These potential generation, distribution, and transmission problems, and any service interruptions related to them, could result in lost revenues and additional costs.
TXNM, PNM, and TNMP are subject to information security breaches and risks of unauthorized access to their information and operational technology systems as well as physical threats to assets.
The Company faces the risk of physical and cybersecurity attacks, both threatened and actual, against generation facilities, transmission and distribution infrastructure, information technology systems, and network infrastructure, which could negatively impact the ability of the Company to generate, transmit, and distribute power, or otherwise operate facilities in the most efficient manner or at all.
The utility industry in which the Company operates is a highly regulated industry that requires the continued operation of sophisticated information technology systems and network infrastructure, some of which are deemed to be critical infrastructure under NERC guidelines. Certain of the Company’s systems are interconnected with external networks. In the regular course of business, the utilities handle a range of sensitive security and customer information. PNM and TNMP are
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subject to the rules of various agencies and the laws of various states, related to safeguarding and maintaining the confidentiality of this information. Cyber-attacks regularly occur, and generally are unsuccessful. To date, those few events that were successful did not result in significant or consequential business impacts. However, despite steps the Company may take to detect, mitigate, and/or eliminate threats and respond to security incidents, the techniques used by those who wish to obtain unauthorized access, and possibly disable or sabotage systems and/or abscond with information and data, change frequently and continue to evolve with the use of artificial intelligence and the Company may not be able to protect against all such actions.
With the proliferation of Generative Artificial Intelligence (“GenAI”) tools like opensource ChatGPT and other public Large Language models, bad actors are becoming better equipped to effectively launch social engineering attacks against individuals and organizations. With their broad array of use cases, these tools are enhancing data theft, malware development, social engineering, ransomware, and misinformation. GenAI technology is enabling malicious actors to increase the speed and variation of their attacks by modifying code almost instantaneously, enabling attacks to be created and deployed with thousands of variations of social engineering messages, effectively changing to a more iterative attack methodology to increase their probability of success. In the event that a capable adversary attacks the Company’s computer and operating systems, despite the best efforts of the Company, the generation, transmission, or distribution of electrical services could be degraded or disrupted, customer information, business records, or other sensitive data could be lost, destroyed, or released outside of the Company’s control.
Further, the Company’s use of technologies manufactured by third parties, including applications with GenAI capabilities, may be subject to espionage activities, and cyber-attack of the third party resulting in the loss of confidentiality, privacy, integrity of data, and other losses outside of the control of the Company. Although the Company has implemented security measures to identify, prevent, detect, respond to, and recover from cyber and physical security events and supply chain disruptions, critical infrastructure, including information and operational technology systems, are vulnerable to disability, failures, or unauthorized access, which could occur as a result of malicious compromise, employee error, and/or employee misconduct or supply compromise.
A successful physical or cybersecurity attack or other similar failure of the systems could impact the reliability of PNM’s generation and PNM’s and TNMP’s transmission and distribution systems, including the possible unauthorized shutdown of facilities. Such an event could lead to disruptions of business operations, including the Company’s ability to generate, transport, and deliver power to serve customers, to bill customers, and to process other financial information. A breach of the Company’s information systems could also lead to the loss and destruction of confidential and proprietary data, personally identifiable information, trade secrets, intellectual property and supplier data, and could disrupt business operations which could harm the Company’s reputation and financial results, as well as potential increased regulatory oversight, litigation, fines, and other remedial action. The costs incurred to investigate and remediate a physical or cybersecurity attack could be significant. A significant physical or cybersecurity attack on the Company’s critical infrastructure could have an adverse impact on the operations, reputation and financial condition of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP.
There are inherent risks in the ownership and operation of nuclear facilities.
Following the transfer of the PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest to SRP in January 2023 and the expiration of the leased interest in Unit 2 in January 2024, PNM currently has a 7.3% undivided interest in PVNGS. PVNGS represented 6.7% of PNM’s total generating capacity as of December 31, 2024. PVNGS is subject to environmental, health, and financial risks including but not limited to the ability to obtain adequate supplies of nuclear fuel and water, the ability to dispose of spent nuclear fuel, decommissioning of the plant (see above), securing the facilities against possible terrorist attacks, and unscheduled outages due to equipment failures.
The NRC has broad authority under federal law to impose licensing and safety-related requirements for the operation of nuclear generation facilities. Events at nuclear facilities of other operators or which impact the industry generally may lead the NRC to impose additional requirements and regulations on all nuclear generation facilities, including PVNGS. A major incident at a nuclear facility anywhere in the world could cause the NRC to limit or prohibit the operation or licensing of any domestic nuclear unit and to promulgate new regulations that could require significant capital expenditures and/or increase operating costs.
In the event of noncompliance with its requirements, the NRC has the authority to impose a progressively increasing inspection regime that could ultimately result in the shutdown of a unit, civil penalties, or both, depending upon the NRC’s assessment of the severity of the situation, until compliance is achieved. Increased costs resulting from penalties, a heightened level of scrutiny, and/or implementation of plans to achieve compliance with NRC requirements could adversely affect the financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of TXNM and PNM. Although PNM has no reason to anticipate a serious nuclear incident at PVNGS, if an incident did occur, it could materially and adversely affect PNM’s results of operations and financial condition.
PNM has external insurance coverage to minimize its financial exposure to some risks. However, it is possible that liabilities associated with nuclear operations could exceed the amount of insurance coverage. See Note 16.
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Peak demand for power could exceed forecasted supply capacity, resulting in increased costs for purchasing capacity in the market or building additional generation facilities and/or energy storage facilities.
PNM is obligated to supply power to retail customers. As PNM continues to complete the significant transition in generation resources necessary to achieve 100% carbon emission-free generation by 2040, there are certain potential deliverability and cost risks associated with this transition. These risks are in three main areas, including 1) risk of completion of replacement resources prior to planned generation unit retirements, 2) increasing levels of renewable generation presenting risks of uncertainty and variability that will be further compounded as neighboring systems transition towards increasing levels of renewable resources, and 3) risks for mitigating possible resource volatility through a shrinking energy market.
At peak times, power demand could exceed PNM’s forecasted available generation capacity, particularly if PNM’s power plants are not performing as anticipated and additional resources are not approved, or are not available, as PNM transitions its system to carbon emission-free generation and energy storage. Availability of this technology may create additional strain on the system by adding these additional resources without adequate storage. Additionally, further advances in the technology of renewable resources may need to occur in order to ensure that these resources meet carbon emission-free standards. Competitive market forces or adverse regulatory actions may require PNM to purchase capacity and energy from the market or build additional resources to meet customers’ energy needs in an expedited manner. If that occurs, PNM may see opposition to recovery of these additional costs and could experience a lag between when costs are incurred and when regulators permit recovery in customers’ rates. These situations could have negative impacts on results of operations and cash flows.
Difficulties in obtaining permits and rights-of-way could negatively impact PNM’s results of operations.
PNM’s ability to execute planned operational activities and projects may be inhibited by difficulties in obtaining permits and rights-of-way and other delays. Many of PNM’s transmission and distribution lines cross federal, state, and tribal lands. The Company can experience significant delays in obtaining approvals for new infrastructure, as well as renewals of existing rights-of-way and access for critical maintenance, including vegetation management on these lands. The environmental regulations governing siting and permitting on federal, state, and tribal lands are complex, involve multiple agencies, and include a public process. Any of these risk factors could result in higher costs, delays, or the inability to complete planned projects.
General Economic and Weather Risks
Changes in interest rates could adversely affect our business.
Interest rates have increased and may continue to increase in the future. As a result, interest rates on future credit facilities and debt offerings could be higher than current levels, causing our financing costs to increase accordingly. In addition, because we use both fixed and variable rate debt, we are exposed to market risk due to the floating interest rates on our variable rate borrowings. Our results of operations, cash flows and financial position could be affected adversely by significant fluctuations in interest rates from current levels.
Supply chain issues, high inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns and other market conditions, geopolitical activity and the resulting impact on business and economic conditions could negatively affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and the trading value of TXNM’s common stock and the Company’s debt securities.
Continued supply chain issues were initially experienced during high inflation, actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, geopolitical activity and the resulting impact on the economy and financial markets could adversely affect the Company’s business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, and access to the capital markets. There is no assurance that the continued effects of these market conditions will not adversely impact our business, results of operations, financial condition, cash flows, ability to access the capital markets, and the trading value of the Company’s common stock and debt securities. These effects could adversely impact the Company by:
•reducing usage and/or demand for electricity by our customers in New Mexico and Texas;
•causing delays and disruptions in the availability of and timely delivery of materials and components used in our operations;
•causing delays and disruptions in the supply chain resulting in disruptions in the commercial operation dates of certain projects;
•causing a deterioration in the credit quality of our counterparties, including power purchase agreement providers, contractors or retail customers, that could result in credit losses;
•causing impairments of goodwill or long-lived assets and adversely impacting the Company’s ability to develop, construct and operate facilities;
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•impacting the Company’s ability to meet the requirements of the covenants in our existing credit facilities, including covenants regarding debt to capitalization;
•causing a deterioration in our financial metrics or the business environment that impacts our credit ratings;
•decreasing the value of our investment securities held in trusts for pension and other postretirement benefits, and for nuclear decommissioning, SJGS decommissioning, and coal mine reclamation, which could lead to increased funding requirements;
•impacting our liquidity position and cost of and ability to access funds from financial institutions and capital markets; and
•causing other unpredictable events.
General economic conditions of the nation and/or specific areas can affect the Company’s customers and suppliers. Economic recession or downturn may result in decreased consumption by customers and increased bad debt expense, and could also negatively impact suppliers, all of which could negatively affect the Company.
Economic activity in the service territories of TXNM subsidiaries is a key factor in their performance. Decreased economic activity can lead to declines in energy consumption, which could adversely affect future revenues, earnings, and growth. Higher unemployment rates, both in the Company’s service territories and nationwide, could result in commercial customers ceasing operations and lower levels of income for residential customers. These customers might then be unable to pay their bills on time, which could increase bad debt expense and negatively impact results of operations and cash flows. Economic conditions also impact the supply and/or cost of commodities and materials needed to construct or acquire utility assets or make necessary repairs.
The operating results of TXNM and its operating subsidiaries are seasonal and are affected by weather conditions.
Electric generation, transmission, and distribution are generally seasonal businesses that vary with the demand for power. With power consumption typically peaking during the hot summer months, revenues traditionally peak during that period. As a result, quarterly operating results of TXNM and its operating subsidiaries vary throughout the year. In addition, TXNM and its operating subsidiaries have historically had lower revenues resulting in lower earnings when weather conditions are milder. Unusually mild weather in the future could reduce the revenues, net earnings, and cash flows of the Company.
Drought conditions in New Mexico, especially in the “four corners” region, where Four Corners is located, may affect the water supply for PNM’s generating plants. If inadequate precipitation occurs in the watershed that supplies that region, PNM may have to decrease generation at these plants. This would require PNM to purchase power to serve customers and/or reduce the ability to sell excess power on the wholesale market and reduce revenues. Drought conditions or actions taken by the court system, regulators, or legislators could limit PNM’s supply of water, which would adversely impact PNM’s business.
TNMP’s service areas are exposed to extreme weather, including high winds, drought, flooding, ice storms, and periodic hurricanes. Extreme weather conditions, particularly high winds and severe thunderstorms, also occur periodically in PNM’s service areas. These severe weather events can physically damage facilities owned by TNMP and PNM. Any such occurrence both disrupts the ability to deliver energy and increases costs. Extreme weather can also reduce customers’ usage and demand for energy or could result in the Company incurring obligations to third parties related to such events. These factors could negatively impact results of operations and cash flows.
The impact of wildfires could negatively affect PNM’s and TNMP’s results of operations.
PNM and TNMP have large networks of electric transmission and distribution facilities. Weather conditions including severe drought, high winds, and the natural vegetation in the U.S. Southwest region and certain parts of Texas, could contribute to wildfires in or near PNM’s and TNMP’s service territories. The risk of wildfires could result in higher maintenance costs, increased insurance premiums, and the inability to maintain adequate insurance coverage. PNM and TNMP take proactive steps to mitigate wildfire risk. However, wildfire risk is always present and PNM and TNMP could be held liable for damages incurred as a result of wildfires caused, or allegedly caused, by their transmission and distribution systems. In addition, wildfires could cause damage to PNM’s and TNMP’s assets that could result in loss of service to customers or make it difficult to supply power in sufficient quantities to meet customer needs. Wildfire avoidance measures, such as intentional power interruptions, also may lead to customer claims for lost service, business interruption, and other injuries.
Failure to adequately address the risk of wildfires could also result in civil liability arising out of government enforcement actions or private claims. These actions could also result in reputational harm, which may cause stock price decreases, increased insurance premiums or the inability to maintain adequate insurance coverage, or cause certain investors and financial institutions not to purchase the Company’s debt securities or otherwise provide the Company with capital or credit on favorable terms, which may cause the cost of capital to increase. In addition, TXNM and its operating subsidiaries may underestimate the costs of litigation due to the uncertainty inherent in these matters. These events could have negative impacts on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
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Financial Risks
TXNM has counterparty credit risk in connection with financial support that was provided to facilitate the coal supply arrangement for SJGS. Adverse developments from these factors could have a negative impact on the business, financial condition, results of operations, and cash flows of PNM and TXNM.
TXNM has an arrangement with a bank under which the bank has issued $30.3 million of letters of credit in favor of sureties in order for the sureties to post reclamation bonds that are required under the miner’s operating permit. The Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows could be negatively impacted if the current mine operator were to default on its obligations to reclaim the San Juan mine and TXNM is required to perform under the letter of credit support agreement.
TXNM and its subsidiaries’ substantial indebtedness could adversely affect its financial condition.
TXNM and its subsidiaries currently have a significant amount of indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes. This significant amount of indebtedness could limit TXNM’s ability to obtain additional financing for working capital, capital expenditures, acquisitions, debt service requirements, stock repurchases or other purposes. It may also increase TXNM’s vulnerability to adverse economic, market and industry conditions, limit its flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in its business operations or to its industry overall, and place TXNM at a disadvantage in relation to its competitors that have lower debt levels. Any or all of the above events and/or factors could have an adverse effect on TXNM’s results of operations and financial condition.
Servicing TXNM and its subsidiaries’ debt requires a significant amount of cash, and it may not have sufficient cash flow from its business to pay its substantial debt.
TXNM and its subsidiaries’ ability to make scheduled payments of the principal of, to pay interest on or to refinance, its indebtedness, including the Convertible Notes, depends on its future performance, which is subject to economic, financial, competitive and other factors beyond its control. TXNM’s business may not continue to generate cash flow from operations in the future sufficient to service its debt and make necessary capital expenditures. If TXNM is unable to generate such cash flow, TXNM may be required to adopt one or more alternatives, such as selling assets, restructuring debt or obtaining additional equity capital on terms that may be onerous or highly dilutive. TXNM’s ability to refinance its indebtedness will depend on the capital markets and its financial condition at such time. TXNM may not be able to engage in any of these activities or engage in these activities on desirable terms, which could result in a default on its debt obligations.
Despite TXNM’s current consolidated debt levels, TXNM and its subsidiaries may still incur substantially more debt or take other actions which would intensify the risks discussed above.
Despite TXNM’s current consolidated debt levels, TXNM and its subsidiaries may be able to incur substantial additional debt in the future, subject to the restrictions contained in its debt instruments, some of which may be senior indebtedness or secured debt. TXNM is not restricted under the terms of the Convertible Notes Indenture from incurring additional debt, securing existing or future debt, recapitalizing its debt or taking a number of other actions. TXNM’s Credit Agreement restricts its ability to incur additional indebtedness, including secured indebtedness, but if the TXNM Credit Agreement matures or is repaid, TXNM may not be subject to such restrictions under the terms of any subsequent indebtedness.
The conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes, if triggered, may adversely affect TXNM’s financial condition and operating results.
In the event the conditional conversion feature of the Convertible Notes is triggered, holders of Convertible Notes will be entitled to convert the Convertible Notes at any time during specified periods at their option. If one or more holders elect to convert their Convertible Notes, to the extent TXNM is required to pay cash to settle a portion of its conversion obligation, it could adversely affect TXNM’s liquidity. In addition, even if holders do not elect to convert their Convertible Notes, to the extent TXNM is required to pay cash to settle a portion of its conversion obligations, TXNM would be required under applicable accounting rules to reclassify all or a portion of the outstanding principal of the Convertible Notes as a current rather than long-term liability, which would result in a material reduction of its net working capital.
The accounting method for the Convertible Notes could have a material effect on TXNM’s reported financial results.
In August 2020, the Financial Accounting Standards Board issued Accounting Standards Update No. 2020-06, Debt—Debt with Conversion and Other Options (Subtopic 470-20) and Derivatives and Hedging—Contracts in Entity’s Own Equity (Subtopic 815-40): Accounting for Convertible Instruments and Contracts in an Entity’s Own Equity (“ASU 2020-06”), which amends the accounting standards for convertible debt instruments that may be settled entirely or partially in cash upon conversion. ASU 2020-06 eliminates requirements to separately account for liability and equity components of such convertible debt instruments and eliminates the ability to use the treasury stock method for calculating diluted earnings per share for
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convertible instruments whose principal amount may be settled using shares. Instead, ASU 2020-06 requires (i) the entire amount of the security to be presented as a liability on the balance sheet and (ii) application of the “if-converted” method for calculating diluted earnings per share. Under the “if-converted” method, diluted earnings per share will generally be calculated assuming that all the Convertible Notes were converted solely into shares of common stock at the beginning of the reporting period, unless the result would be anti-dilutive, which could adversely affect TXNM’s diluted earnings per share. However, if the principal amount of the convertible debt security, such as the Convertible Notes, being converted is required to be paid in cash and only the excess is permitted to be settled in shares, the if-converted method will produce a similar result as the “treasury stock” method prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06 for such convertible debt security.
ASU 2020-06 became effective for TXNM as of the start of fiscal year end 2022 and as such TXNM did not bifurcate the liability and equity components of the Convertible Notes on its balance sheet and TXNM used the if-converted method of calculating diluted earnings per share. To the extent TXNM is required to pay cash to settle the principal amount of the Convertible Notes upon conversion, with only the excess permitted to be settled in shares of TXNM’s common stock, the application of the if-converted method will produce a similar result as the treasury stock method prior to the adoption of ASU 2020-06. The effect of the treasury stock method is that the shares issuable upon conversion of such Convertible Notes are not included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share except to the extent that the conversion value of such Convertible Notes exceeds their principal amount. The requirement that the principal amount of the Convertible Notes upon conversion must be paid in cash could adversely affect TXNM’s liquidity.
TXNM cannot be sure whether other changes may be made to the current accounting standards related to the Convertible Notes, or otherwise, that could have a material effect on its reported financial results.
The fundamental change repurchase features of the Convertible Notes and the TNMP first mortgage bonds may delay or prevent an otherwise beneficial attempt to acquire TXNM.
Certain provisions in the indenture governing the Convertible Notes and the TNMP first mortgage bonds may make it more difficult or expensive for a third party to acquire TXNM. For example, the Convertible Notes Indenture requires TXNM, subject to certain exceptions, to repurchase the Convertible Notes for cash upon the occurrence of a fundamental change (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture) and, in certain circumstances, to increase the conversion rate for a holder that converts its Convertible Notes in connection with a make-whole fundamental change (as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture). In addition, the supplemental indentures governing certain of the TNMP first mortgage bonds include a provision whereby a change in control in TNMP or TXNM would obligate TNMP to offer to prepay all of such bonds. A takeover of TXNM may trigger the requirement that TXNM repurchase TNMP first mortgage bonds or the Convertible Notes and/or increase the conversion rate on the Convertible Notes, which could make it more costly for a potential acquirer to engage in such takeover. Such additional costs may have the effect of delaying or preventing a takeover of TXNM that would otherwise be beneficial to investors.
TXNM may be unable to meet its ongoing and future financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock if its subsidiaries are unable to pay dividends or distributions to TXNM.
TXNM is a holding company and has no operations of its own. TXNM’s ability to meet its financial obligations and to pay dividends on its common stock primarily depends on the net earnings and cash flows of PNM and TNMP and their capacity to pay upstream dividends or distributions. Prior to providing funds to TXNM, PNM and TNMP have financial and regulatory obligations that must be satisfied, including among others, debt service and, in the case of PNM, preferred stock dividends.
The NMPRC has placed certain restrictions on the ability of PNM to pay dividends to TXNM, including that PNM cannot pay dividends that cause its debt rating to fall below investment grade. The NMPRC has also restricted PNM from paying dividends in any year, as determined on a rolling four-quarter basis, in excess of net earnings without prior NMPRC approval. PNM is permitted to pay dividends to TXNM from prior equity contributions made by TXNM. Additionally, TXNM’s financing agreements generally include a covenant to maintain a debt-to-capitalization ratio that does not exceed 70%, and PNM and TNMP’s financing arrangements generally include a covenant to maintain debt-to-capitalization ratios that do not exceed 65%. PNM also has various financial covenants that limit the transfer of assets, through dividends or other means and the Federal Power Act imposes certain restrictions on dividends paid by public utilities, including that dividends cannot be paid from paid-in capital.
Further, the ability of TXNM to declare dividends depends upon the extent to which cash flows will support dividends, the Company’s financial circumstances and performance, economic conditions in the U.S. and in the Company’s service areas, future growth plans and the related capital requirements, and other business considerations. Declaration of dividends may also be affected by decisions of the NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT in various regulatory cases currently pending or that may be docketed in the future, including the outcome of appeals of those decisions, conditions imposed by the NMPRC, PUCT, or Federal Power Act, and the effect of federal regulatory decisions and legislative acts.
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Disruption in the credit and capital markets may impact the Company’s strategy and ability to raise capital.
TXNM and its subsidiaries rely on access to both short-term and longer-term capital markets as sources of liquidity for any capital requirements not satisfied by cash flow from operations. In general, the Company relies on its short-term credit facilities as the initial source to finance construction expenditures. This results in increased borrowings under the facilities over time. The Company is currently projecting total construction expenditures for the years 2025-2029 to be $7.8 billion. If TXNM or its operating subsidiaries are not able to access capital at competitive rates, or at all, TXNM’s ability to finance capital requirements and implement its strategy will be limited. Disruptions in the credit markets, which could negatively impact the Company’s access to capital, could be caused by an economic recession, declines in the health of the banking sector generally or the failure of specific banks who are parties to the Company’s credit facilities, deterioration in the overall health of the utility industry, the bankruptcy of an unrelated energy company, war, terrorist attacks, cybersecurity attacks, or threatened attacks.
If the Company’s cash flow and credit and capital resources are insufficient to fund capital expenditure plans, the Company may be forced to delay important capital investments, sell assets, seek additional equity or debt capital, or restructure debt. In addition, insufficient cash flows and capital resources may result in reductions of credit ratings. This could negatively impact the Company’s ability to incur additional indebtedness on acceptable terms and would result in an increase in the interest rates applicable under the Company’s credit facilities. The Company’s cash flow and capital resources may be insufficient to pay interest and principal on debt in the future. If that should occur, the Company’s capital raising or debt restructuring measures may be unsuccessful or inadequate to meet scheduled debt service obligations. This could cause the Company to default on its obligations and further impair liquidity.
Reduction in credit ratings or changing rating agency requirements could materially and adversely affect the Company’s growth, strategy, business, financial position, results of operations, and liquidity.
TXNM, PNM, and TNMP cannot be sure that any of their current credit ratings will remain in effect for any given period of time or that a rating will not be put under review for a downgrade, lowered, or withdrawn entirely by a rating agency. As discussed in MD&A - Liquidity and Capital Resources, all of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP’s senior debt ratings are investment grade. Downgrades or changing requirements could result in increased borrowing costs due to higher interest rates on current borrowings or future financings, a smaller potential pool of investors, and decreased funding sources. Such conditions also could require the provision of additional support in the form of letters of credit and cash or other collateral to various counterparties.
Declines in values of marketable securities held in trust funds for pension and other postretirement benefits, in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts, and in the SJGS decommissioning trust could result in sustained increases in costs and funding requirements for those obligations, which may affect operational results.
The PNM and TNMP Pension Plans have targeted asset allocations of 50% and 70% liability matching fixed and 50% and 30% return generating income, which includes alternative income. The Company uses a strategy, known as Liability Driven Investing, which seeks to select investments that match the liabilities of the pension plans. The OPEB plans generally use the same pension fixed income and equity investment managers and utilize the same overall investment strategy as the pension plans, except there is no allocation to alternative investments and the OPEB plans have a target asset allocation of 30% equities and 70% fixed income.
In 2024, the Corporate Investment Committee approved a revised target for the NDT investment portfolio of 30% fixed income, 45% equity securities, and 25% alternative investments. The Company is in process of implementing the revised strategy. The current asset allocation exposes the NDT investment portfolio to market and macroeconomic factors. Declines in market values could result in increased funding of the trusts, the recognition of losses as impairments for the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts, SJGS decommissioning trust, and additional expense for the benefit plans. In addition, a change in GAAP required that all changes in the fair value of equity securities recorded on the Company’s balance sheet be reflected in earnings, which results in increased volatility in earnings.
Impairments of goodwill and long-lived assets of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.
The Company annually evaluates recorded goodwill for impairment. See Note 1 and the Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates section of MD&A. Long-lived assets are also assessed whenever indicators of impairment exist. Factors that affect the long-term value of these assets, including treatment by regulators in ratemaking proceedings, as well as other economic and market conditions, could result in impairments. Significant impairments could adversely affect the Company’s business, financial position, liquidity, and results of operations.
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The impacts and implementation of U.S. tax reform legislation may negatively impact TXNM’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s businesses, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Changes in tax laws may negatively impact TXNM’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s businesses, financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. The Company possesses tax credits and other carryforwards, the value of which could be diminished by new laws or the Company’s ability to timely utilize them. Increases in tax rates may not be immediately recoverable through PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated rates, reducing earnings. Tax laws and regulations may also negatively impact the relative value of some resource investments over others, making those investments less competitive.
Governance Risks
Provisions of TXNM’s organizational documents, as well as several other statutory and regulatory factors, will limit another party’s ability to acquire TXNM and could deprive TXNM’s shareholders of the opportunity to receive a takeover premium for shares of TXNM’s common stock.
TXNM’s restated articles of incorporation and by-laws include a number of provisions that may have the effect of discouraging persons from acquiring large blocks of TXNM’s common stock or delaying or preventing a change in control of TXNM. The material provisions that may have such an effect include:
•Authorization for the Board to issue TXNM’s preferred stock in series and to fix rights and preferences of the series (including, among other things, voting rights and preferences with respect to dividends and other matters)
•Advance notice procedures with respect to any proposal other than those adopted or recommended by the Board
•Provisions specifying that only a majority of the Board, the chairman of the Board, the chief executive officer, or holders of at least one-tenth of all of TXNM’s shares entitled to vote may call a special meeting of shareholders
Under the New Mexico Public Utility Act, NMPRC approval is required for certain transactions that may result in TXNM’s change in control or exercise of control, including ownership of 10% or more of TXNM’s voting stock. PUCT approval is required for changes to the ownership of TNMP or its parent and certain other transactions relating to TNMP. Certain acquisitions of TXNM’s outstanding voting securities also require FERC approval.
ITEM 1B. UNRESOLVED STAFF COMMENTS
None.
ITEM 1C. CYBERSECURITY
Cybersecurity Risk Management and Strategy
Process for identifying, assessing, and managing cybersecurity risks
From an overall enterprise risk management perspective, the Company views cybersecurity as a “tier 1” risk and considers it one of its top priorities. The Company’s cybersecurity program (the “Cybersecurity Program”) includes processes to identify, assess, and manage material risks from cybersecurity threats. The Cybersecurity Program utilizes a risk-based approach and includes written cybersecurity and information technology policies and procedures, including a cybersecurity incident response plan. The Company’s Cybersecurity Program is led by its Vice President and Chief Information Officer (“CIO”), who oversees the management and development of all business technology and cyber and physical security for the Company and its subsidiaries. The CIO is also responsible for federal reliability standards compliance, critical infrastructure protection and crisis management resilience.
The Cybersecurity Program is a robust, enterprise-wide, risk-based security program that adheres to the guidelines of the National Institute of Science and Technology (“NIST”) Cybersecurity Framework for Protecting Critical Infrastructure to define material risks and establish controls designed to protect, detect, respond to, and recover from cybersecurity incidents. To protect the most critical systems, the Company also complies with the NERC Critical Infrastructure Protection Standards.
The Company regularly assesses control results through third party audits, penetration tests and internal assessments to continuously improve cyber protections and data privacy controls. The Company partners with government and industry peers in several cybersecurity programs to share information and provide mutual assistance in the event of a cyber-attack. Supply chain risk of third-party suppliers is also assessed as part of the procurement process and incorporates cybersecurity contractual stipulations in its supplier contracts. The Company remains focused on increasing cybersecurity awareness and is continuously evaluating and implementing effective, up-to-date technologies and processes to enhance its cybersecurity capabilities.
The Company engages in the periodic assessment and testing of the Company’s policies, standards, processes and practices that are designed to address cybersecurity threats and incidents. These efforts include a wide range of activities, including audits, assessments, tabletop exercises, threat modeling, vulnerability testing, and other exercises focused on
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evaluating the effectiveness of the Company’s cybersecurity measures and planning. The Company regularly engages third parties to perform assessments on the Company’s cybersecurity measures, including information security maturity assessments, audits and independent reviews of the Company’s information security control environment and operating effectiveness. The results of such assessments, audits, and reviews are reported to the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board, and the Company adjusts its cybersecurity policies, standards, processes and practices as necessary based on the information provided by these assessments, audits, and reviews.
Risks from cybersecurity threats
The information set forth under Item 1A, “Risk Factors” — “TXNM, PNM, and TNMP are subject to information security breaches and risks of unauthorized access to their information and operational technology systems as well as physical threats to assets.” on page A-14 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K is hereby incorporated by reference. As of December 31, 2024, our financial condition, results of operations or business strategy have not been materially affected by risks from cybersecurity threats, including as a result of previously identified cybersecurity incidents, but we cannot provide assurance that they will not be materially affected in the future by such risks or any future material incidents.
Cybersecurity Governance
Management’s role in assessing and managing the Company’s material risks from cybersecurity threats
The Company’s management is responsible for managing cybersecurity risk and bringing to the Audit and Ethics Committee and Board’s attention the most significant cybersecurity risks facing the Company. The CIO oversees the Company’s Cybersecurity Program and reports to the Company’s President and Chief Operating Officer. The CIO leads the development, implementation, and enforcement of security policies and data breach resiliency plans, as well as works with internal and external cybersecurity and IT teams to monitor and maintain the security of the Company’s IT infrastructure. The CIO is supported by a team of enterprise information, system security, and risk professionals. The CIO receives reports on cybersecurity threats on an ongoing basis and regularly reviews risk management measures implemented by the Company to identify and mitigate data security and cybersecurity risks. The CIO updates senior management on these matters and works closely with the General Counsel to oversee compliance with legal, regulatory, and contractual security requirements. The CIO has significant information technology and program management experience and has served many years in the Company’s information security organization. The CIO is a Certified Project Management Professional and Change Management Registered Practitioner. In addition, the CIO has a B.B.A. in business computer systems and an MBA.
Board oversight of risks from cybersecurity threats
Cybersecurity risk oversight remains a priority for the Board who is responsible for oversight of the Company’s information security program, including compliance and risk management and the review of cybersecurity risks. The Board has adopted a Cyber Risk Policy which is overseen by the Audit and Ethics Committee. The Audit and Ethics Committee’s oversight of cyber risk management assists in the Board’s assessment of the adequacy of resources, funding, and focus within the Company with respect to cyber risk. Specifically, the Audit and Ethics Committee assists the Board in its oversight responsibilities regarding the company-wide security risk management practices, including overseeing the practices, procedures, and controls that management uses to identify, assess, respond to, remediate, and mitigate risks related to cybersecurity. The Audit and Ethics Committee provides oversight of management’s efforts to identify and mitigate cyber risk. Specifically, senior leadership, including the CIO, regularly briefs the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board on Company’s cybersecurity posture. In executing its risk oversight duties, the Audit and Ethics Committee and the Board can and does access internal and external expertise regarding the Company’s challenges and opportunities related to cybersecurity.
ITEM 2.PROPERTIES
TXNM
The significant properties owned by TXNM include those owned by PNM and TNMP and are disclosed below.
PNM
See Sources of Power in Part I, Item 1 Business above for information on PNM’s owned and leased capacity in electric generating stations. As of December 31, 2024, PNM owned, or jointly owned, 3,444 miles of electric transmission lines, 5,776 miles of distribution overhead lines, 6,179 miles of underground distribution lines (excluding street lighting), and 232 substations. PNM’s electric transmission and distribution lines are generally located within easements and rights-of-way on public, private, and Native American lands. PNM owns and leases communication, office and other equipment, office space, vehicles, energy storage facilities, and real estate. PNM also owns service and office facilities throughout its service territory. See Note 8 for additional information concerning leases.
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TNMP
TNMP’s facilities consist primarily of transmission and distribution facilities located in its service areas. TNMP also owns and leases vehicles, service facilities, and office locations throughout its service territory. As of December 31, 2024, TNMP owned 1,022 miles of overhead electric transmission lines, 7,348 miles of overhead distribution lines, 1,576 miles of underground distribution lines, and 107 substations. Substantially all of TNMP’s property is pledged to secure its first mortgage bonds. See Note 7.
ITEM 3.LEGAL PROCEEDINGS
See Note 16 and Note 17 for information related to the following matters for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP, incorporated in this item by reference.
Note 16
•Cooling Water Intake Structures
•Santa Fe Generating Station
Note 17
•PNM – 2025 Rate Change
•PNM – 2024 Rate Request
•PNM – Integrated Resource Plan
•PNM – 2028 Resource Application
•PNM – Community Solar Act
•TNMP – System Resiliency Plan
•TNMP – Transmission Cost of Service Rates
•TNMP – Periodic Distribution Rate Adjustment
ITEM 4.MINE SAFETY DISCLOSURES
Not Applicable.
SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
All officers are elected annually by the Board of TXNM. Executive officers, their ages as of February 14, 2025 and offices held for the past five years are as follows:

Name |  | Age |  | Office |  | Initial Effective Date
P. K. Collawn |  | 66 |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Chairman, President, and Chief Executive Officer |  | January 2012
J. D. Tarry |  | 54 |  | President and Chief Operating Officer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | January 2020
|  |  |  | Vice President, Controller and Treasurer |  | September 2018
E. A. Eden |  | 59 |  | Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  | April 2024
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President, Chief Financial Officer and Treasurer |  | May 2022
|  |  |  | Vice President and Treasurer |  | February 2021
|  |  |  | Vice President and Chief Information Officer |  | January 2020
|  |  |  | Vice President, Human Resources |  | April 2018
B. G. Iverson |  | 62 |  | General Counsel, Senior Vice President Regulatory and Public Policy, and Corporate Secretary |  | September 2024
|  |  |  | Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Chief Compliance Officer at Black Hills Corporation |  | April 2016

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PART II
ITEM 5.MARKET FOR TXNM’S COMMON EQUITY, RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS, AND ISSUER PURCHASES OF EQUITY SECURITIES
TXNM’s common stock is traded on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “TXNM”.
Dividends on TXNM’s common stock are declared by its Board. The timing of the declaration of dividends is dependent on the timing of meetings and other actions of the Board. This has historically resulted in dividends considered to be attributable to the second quarter of each year being declared through actions of the Board during the third quarter of the year. The Board declared dividends on common stock considered to be for the second quarter of $0.3875 per share in July 2024 and $0.3675 per share in August 2023. The Board declared dividends on common stock considered to be for the third quarter of $0.3875 per share in September 2024 and $0.3675 per share in September 2023. In December 2024, the Board increased the quarterly dividend from $0.3875 to $0.4075 per share. In December 2023, the Board increased the quarterly dividend from $0.3675 to $0.3875 per share. TXNM targets a long-term dividend payout ratio of 5% of ongoing earnings per share growth, which is a non-GAAP financial measure, that excludes from GAAP earnings certain non-recurring, infrequent, and other items that are not indicative of fundamental changes in the earnings capacity of the Company’s operations. TXNM uses ongoing earnings to evaluate the operations of the Company and to establish goals, including those used for certain aspects of incentive compensation, for management and employees.
On August 2, 2024, TXNM increased the number of authorized shares of its common stock from 120,000,000 to 200,000,000.
On February 14, 2025, there were 6,662 holders of record of TXNM’s common stock. There have been no issuer purchases of equity securities.
All of PNM’s and TNMP’s common stock is owned by TXNM and is not listed for trading on any stock exchange. See Note 6 for a discussion on limitations on the payments of dividends and the payment of future dividends, as well as dividends paid by PNM and TNMP.
See Part III, Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters.
Preferred Stock
As of December 31, 2024, PNM has 115,293 shares of cumulative preferred stock outstanding. PNM is not aware of any active trading market for its cumulative preferred stock. Quarterly cash dividends were paid on PNM’s outstanding cumulative preferred stock at the stated rates during 2024 and 2023. TXNM and TNMP do not have any preferred stock outstanding.
Sales of Unregistered Securities
None.
ITEM 6. [RESERVED]
ITEM 7.MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations for TXNM is presented on a combined basis, including certain information applicable to PNM and TNMP. This report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. The MD&A for PNM and TNMP is presented as permitted by Form 10-K General Instruction I (2) as amended by the FAST Act. For additional information related to the earliest of the two years presented please refer to the Company’s 2023 Annual Report on Form 10-K. A reference to a “Note” in this Item 7 refers to the accompanying Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Part II, Item 8, unless otherwise specified. Certain of the tables below may not appear visually accurate due to rounding.
MD&A FOR TXNM
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Overview
TXNM, formerly PNMR, is a holding company with two regulated electric utilities, PNM and TNMP, serving approximately 834,000 residential, commercial, and industrial customers New Mexico and Texas. PNMR was incorporated in the State of New Mexico in 2000 before it amended its Articles of Incorporation and changed its name to TXNM in 2024. Its common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TXNM.
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Recent Developments
System Resiliency Plan (“SRP”)
In 2023, the Texas Legislature enacted HB 2555, permitting an electric utility to seek approval of, and cost recovery for, a system resiliency plan. On August 28, 2024, TNMP filed its first SRP with the PUCT designed to benefit customers through enhanced resiliency of its distribution system, as intended under HB 2555. The SRP includes approximately $600 million of capital investments and approximately $151 million of other related costs over three years. Investments in the SRP are prioritized based on customer benefit, physical protection of infrastructure, foundational investments in operational and cybersecurity technologies and wildfire risk reduction and are focused on lower-performing areas in the context of reliability. The SRP is subject to PUCT approval over 180 days as stated in Texas legislation.
On December 11, 2024, TNMP filed an unopposed settlement with the PUCT. The settlement includes $565.8 million of capital investments over 2025 through 2027, reflecting 94% of TNMP’s proposed plan investments. The settlement also encompasses $128.2 million of operations and maintenance expenses associated with several programs, including vegetation management and wildfire mitigation.
2025 Rate Request
On June 14, 2024, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for a general increase in retail electric rates. The application proposes an increase of $174.3 million in retail revenues which is comprised of a $92.2 million increase in base rates and a $82.1 million increase in revenues collected under PNM’s FPPAC and reflects an ROE of 10.45%. The proposed base rate changes would be implemented in two phases, with the first phase effective July 1, 2025 and the second phase effective January 1, 2026. The requested changes reflect recovery of needed investments across distribution, transmission, and generation facilities to ensure safe reliable delivery of electricity, increased operations and maintenance expenses to meet operational needs including wildfire risk mitigation, necessary costs to service customers associated with ESAs previously approved by the NMPRC, and adjustments to Four Corners depreciation rates to recover remaining plant investments through July 2031, the expected abandonment date of the facility.
On November 26, 2024, PNM filed its unopposed comprehensive stipulation with the NMPRC. Key components include an increase of $105.0 million in retail revenues with the first phase effective July 1, 2025, and the second phase effective April 1, 2026, reflecting an ROE of 9.45%.
Vision, Values and Business Objectives
TXNM’s vision is to create a clean and bright energy future while fulfilling its purpose to work together with customers and communities to meet their energy needs. TXNM’s core values of Safety, Caring and Integrity are the foundation for the Company’s business objectives focused on safety excellence and customer satisfaction, including reliability. To reach these objectives, the Company is committed to:
•Preparing our workforce with the knowledge and skills to thrive in a customer-focused world
•Purposefully delivering an intentional customer experience that exceeds our evolving customer and stakeholder expectations
•Enabling an environmentally sustainable future and deploying technologically advanced solutions that empower and benefit customers
•Demonstrating the relationship between customer excellence and our dedicated focus on financial strength
Meeting the business objectives above will drive key financial results:
•Earning authorized returns on regulated businesses
•Delivering at or above industry-average long-term earnings growth, with a dividend payout ratio between 50 and 60 percent of earnings
•Maintaining investment grade credit ratings
Business Focus
To achieve its business objectives, focus is directed in key areas: Safe, Reliable and Affordable Power; Utility Plant Investments; Superior Customer Experience; Environmentally Responsible Power; and Stakeholder and Community Engagement. The Company works closely with its stakeholders to ensure that resource plans and infrastructure investments benefit from robust public dialogue and balance the diverse needs of our communities. Equally important is the focus of TXNM’s utilities on customer satisfaction and community engagement.
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Safe, Reliable, and Affordable Power
Safety is the first priority of our business and a core value of the Company. TXNM utilizes a Safety Management System to provide clear direction, objectives and targets for managing safety performance and minimizing risks and empowers employees to “Be the Reason Everyone Goes Home Safe”.
TXNM measures reliability and benchmark performance of PNM and TNMP against other utilities using industry-standard metrics, including System Average Interruption Duration Index (“SAIDI”) and System Average Interruption Frequency Index (“SAIFI”). PNM’s and TNMP’s investment plans include projects designed to support reliability and reduce the amount of time customers are without power.
TXNM and its utilities are aware of the important roles they play in enhancing economic vitality in their service territories. Management believes that maintaining strong and modern electric infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and supporting economic growth. When contemplating expanding or relocating their operations, businesses consider energy affordability and reliability to be important factors. PNM and TNMP strive to balance service affordability with infrastructure investment to maintain a high level of electric reliability and to deliver a safe and superior customer experience. Investing in PNM’s and TNMP’s infrastructure is critical to ensuring reliability and meeting future energy needs. Both utilities have long-established records of providing customers with safe and reliable electric service.
PNM participates in the EIM, a real-time wholesale energy trading market operated by the CAISO, that enables participating electric utilities to buy and sell energy. The EIM aggregates the variability of electricity generation and load for multiple balancing authority areas and utility jurisdictions. In addition, the EIM facilitates greater integration of renewable resources through the aggregation of flexible resources by capturing diversity benefits from the expanding geographic footprint and the expanded potential uses for those resources. The NMPRC approved collection of PNM’s regulatory asset to recover the initial capital investments and implementation and ongoing costs necessary to participate in the EIM in the 2024 Rate Change final order. PNM passes the cost savings through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC. PNM also plans to join the EDAM, which is a voluntary day-ahead regional market that expands on CAISO’s EIM market, as early as 2027.
PNM joined the WRAP in April 2023 to bolster PNM’s preparations for times of critical need. WRAP is a first-of-its-kind program in the West that adds a region-wide coordination between power providers for assessing and addressing resource adequacy. This step helps ensure regional resource availability is visible and coordinated in the event PNM customers are critically impacted by a resource emergency. WRAP is currently in the non-binding phases of the program, which is expected to continue through the summer of 2027.
On May 1, 2024, PNM filed its updated WMP and its PSPS Plan with the NMPRC. The plans enhance Company wildfire prevention efforts and identify conditions for preventive shutoffs. PNM’s WMP addresses the increasing severity and frequency of extreme weather events and increasing wildfire risk and is focused on situational awareness, field personnel safety practices and operational wildfire mitigation strategies to prevent the accidental ignition of wildfires. PNM’s PSPS Plan is designed to proactively de-energize electrical facilities in identified areas of extreme wildfire risk under certain conditions to reduce the potential of those electrical facilities becoming a wildfire ignition source or contributing to the spread of wildfires.
On June 6, 2024, TNMP filed its WMP with the PUCT in response to recent wildfire events impacting the electric utility industry and the customers it serves. TNMP’s WMP establishes a wildfire risk awareness and mitigation strategy that becomes part of a fire safe culture across the Company. The WMP increases grid awareness and serves as a blueprint to help reduce the risk of the accidental ignition of wildfires. The WMP also provides new strategies, technologies, and operating guidelines to enhance grid resiliency and public safety.
Utility Plant Investments
During the 2023 and 2024 periods, PNM and TNMP together invested $2.3 billion in utility plant, including transmission and distribution systems, substations, power plants, and nuclear fuel. Investment plans emphasize new investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to support growing demand with grid reliability and resilience and to deliver clean energy. The Company has been improving the diversification of its rate base among regulatory jurisdictions, moving TNMP and FERC transmission rate base to over half of the consolidated rate base.
Investments at TNMP support the continued high growth across each region of its service territory. Economic growth across Texas continues to push the demands on TNMP’s system to new levels, including a new system peak in December 2024. Additionally, the Texas legislature in 2023 passed a series of bills aimed at encouraging investments to enhance grid reliability and resilience. The PUCT has developed, and continues to develop, rules associated with the new legislation. TNMP will submit filings for investments and recovery in accordance with these new rules in addition to the existing rate recovery mechanisms.
PNM has also experienced growing demand, including a new system peak recorded in 2023. PNM investments are aimed at advancing the infrastructure beyond its original architecture to a more flexible and redundant system accommodating
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growing amounts of intermittent and distributed generation resources and integrating evolving technologies that provide long-term customer value. New Mexico’s clean energy future depends on a reliable, resilient, secure grid to deliver an evolving mix of energy resources to customers. In addition, projects included in the approved Grid Modernization Application improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and modernize PNM’s electric grid through infrastructure and technology improvements. Under New Mexico legislation for grid modernization, the approved investments will be recovered under a rate rider.
At PNM, an increase in transmission investments also supports growing transmission demands across the system and are recovered through an annual FERC formula rate mechanism based on a usage-based system allocation.
See the subheading Capital Requirements included in the full discussion of Liquidity and Capital Resources below for additional discussion of the Company’s projected capital requirements.
Superior Customer Experience
The Company strives to deliver a superior customer experience. With reliability being the primary role of a transmission and distribution service provider in Texas’ deregulated market, TNMP continues to focus on keeping end-users updated about interruptions and to encourage consumer preparation when severe weather is forecasted. In 2024, TNMP made significant strides in improving customer satisfaction related to power outages by providing a more user-friendly experience on TNMP’s outage map information system, making it easier for customers to access real-time outage information. In addition, TNMP introduced a new system that allows customers to receive outage alerts through multiple communication channels to enhance transparency and to ensure customers stay informed during outages. In September 2024, TNMP sent employees to assist in restoring power to those communities impacted by Hurricane Helene and in January 2025 TNMP was announced as an Edison Electric Institute (“EEI”), an association representing all US investor-owned electric companies, Emergency Response Award recipient. The Emergency Response Awards recognize recovery and assistance efforts of electric companies following service disruptions caused by extreme weather or other natural events.
In 2024, PNM continues in-person engagements with residential and business customers through customer advisory councils. These engagements have helped PNM to build and improve customer relationships and have provided PNM with valuable customer insights to gauge customer interest levels towards programs and services to be highly customer centric. Additionally, PNM continues to focus its efforts to enhance the customer experience through customer service improvements, including enhanced digital payment options, strategic customer outreach, and improved communications. These efforts are supported by market research to understand the varying needs of customers, identifying and establishing valued services and programs, and proactively communicating and engaging with customers. In 2024, PNM and the broader electric utility industry continued to experience ongoing declines in customer satisfaction as measured by J.D. Power. Despite this industry-wide trend, PNM achieved modest improvements in its overall JD Power performance ranking among investor-owned utilities. These gains reflect PNM’s focused efforts to enhance the customer journey by addressing key pain points and delivering a more seamless experience.
PNM continues to focus on addressing energy affordability by promoting participation in utility programs among households with high energy burden to offset high bills. PNM has implemented efforts to increase participation in low-income energy efficiency programs, providing additional aid through the PNM Good Neighbor Fund, partnering with state agencies to make it easier to access funding, improving access to clean energy through expanded outreach and communication, and the implementation of low-income transportation electrification programs. As a result of these communication efforts, 3,665 families in need have received emergency assistance through the PNM Good Neighbor Fund for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Environmentally Responsible Power
TXNM has a long-standing record of environmental stewardship. PNM’s environmental focus is in three key areas:
•Developing strategies to provide reliable and affordable power while transitioning to a 100% carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040
•Preparing PNM’s system to meet New Mexico’s increasing renewable energy requirements as cost-effectively as possible
•Increasing energy efficiency participation
TXNM’s corporate website (www.txnmenergy.com) includes a dedicated section providing key environmental and other information related to PNM’s and TNMP’s operations, including information that collectively demonstrates the Company’s commitment to sustainability. This information highlights plans for PNM to be coal-free no later than 2031 and to achieve a carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040.
PNM has a Chief Sustainability Officer responsible for developing and implementing the Company’s business strategy and positions on environmental and sustainability policy issues and is charged with establishing organization-wide policies,
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strategies, goals, objectives and programs that advance sustainability and ensure compliance with regulations. The role serves as the Company’s primary contact with various regulatory agencies and stakeholder groups on environmental matters. In addition, the role leads environmental justice work that considers environmental and social impacts of PNM programs and projects on affected communities.
PNM’s grid modernization plan is a major step forward to providing reliable, affordable and sustainable energy. As part of that plan, PNM will promote energy equity where technology like smart meters and distribution upgrades will be provided to low-income areas first in order to allow customers to gain insights into their energy usage in order to improve affordability and create fairer access to energy.
PNM has announced an agreement partnering with Sandia National Laboratories in research and development projects focused on energy resiliency, clean energy, and national security. The partnership demonstrates TXNM’s commitment to sustainability and its support of projects that further its carbon-free generation goals and plans for a reliable, resilient, and secure grid to deliver New Mexico’s clean energy future. PNM also joined the Electric Power Research Institute (“EPRI”) Climate READi (Resilience and Adaptation) Initiative, a three-year initiative to develop a comprehensive and consistent approach to physical climate risk and facilitate the analysis and application of appropriate climate data among all stakeholders to enhance the planning, design and operation of a resilient power system. In addition, PNM’s Time-of-Day pilot approved in the 2024 Rate Change final order incentivizes customers, through price signals, to use energy during the day when renewable generation is abundant.
The Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, also commonly known as the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (“BIL”), was signed into law in 2021. This act represents a “once-in-a-generation” investment designed to modernize and upgrade America’s infrastructure. The BIL includes historic investments to upgrade the transmission and distribution systems to improve reliability and resilience, and to facilitate the deployment of more affordable and cleaner energy across the country.
In October 2024, PNM was selected for two grants from the DOE. The first grant supports the design, construction, and operation of a Virtual Power Plant (“VPP”) that will enable PNM to leverage small, intermittent energy resources on its distribution system to enhance grid management. The second grant was in the Advanced Reliability and Resiliency Operations for Wind and Solar (“ARROWS”) program, in which GridBeyond Ltd, as principal grantee, will receive $3.9 million in DOE funding and PNM will provide the in-kind, $3.9 million local match. The program aims to demonstrate the provision of grid services from utility-owned solar and storage assets using GridBeyond Ltd artificial intelligence (“AI”) powered distributed energy resource management system technology. The AI-powered system will be used to forecast, optimize, and control resources such as wind, solar, and batteries on PNM’s power grid in real-time, and enable GridBeyond Ltd and other partners to collect, analyze, and quantify the overall energy savings that PNM is able to provide with these resources.
PNM also participates in various grants including a joint submission with Sandia National Laboratories on a project application to DOE for the Flexible and Innovative Transformer Technologies program, where PNM is anticipating matching expected costs incurred by Sandia National Laboratories of $0.4 million, and a $2.0 million grant awarded to the National Renewable Energy Laboratory through DOE, for a project called Protection of Inverter Dependent Transmission Systems.
The Inflation Reduction Act of 2022 (the “IRA”) provides benefits for TXNM and its customers by extending and enhancing clean energy incentives such as the investment tax credit and production tax credit. As the Company continues its transition away from carbon emitting sources, these credits reduce the cost of renewable investments. In addition, the IRA includes a new production tax credit for existing nuclear facilities that may create an added benefit for PNM’s ownership in the carbon-free PVNGS. Other IRA provisions encourage transportation electrification with new electric vehicle credits and added incentives for vehicle charging infrastructure.
Electric Vehicles
TXNM is building upon its goal of 100% carbon-free generation by 2040 with plans for additional emissions reductions through the electrification of its vehicle fleet. Growing the number of electric vehicles within the Company’s fleet will benefit the environment and lower fuel costs furthering the commitment to sustainability. Under the commitment, existing fleet vehicles will be replaced as they are retired with an increasing percentage of electric vehicles. The goals call for 25% of all light duty fleet purchases to be electric by 2025 and 50% to be electric by 2030.
To demonstrate TXNM’s commitment to increase the electrification of vehicles in its service territory, PNM implemented its first TEP in 2022 and received approval of its 2024-2026 TEP in 2024. PNM has launched new transportation electrification offerings that supports customer adoption of electric vehicles by addressing barriers to adoption. PNM’s TEP program budget provides financial support to residential and non-residential customers towards the purchase of EV chargers and/or site make-ready costs, as well as customer education and outreach on EV-specific electricity rates to encourage charging during off-peak periods. More than 25% of the program budget is dedicated to low- and moderate-income customers to plan for an equitable transition to an electrified transportation sector.
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PNM participates in the National Electric Highway Coalition, which plans to build fast-charging ports along major U.S. travel corridors. The coalition, with approximately 50 investor-owned electric companies is committed to providing EV fast charging ports that will allow the public to drive EVs with confidence throughout the country’s major roadways. To support this initiative, PNM’s TEP program includes the installation of a charging network along major roadways in New Mexico.
Renewable Energy and Energy Storage
PNM’s utility-owned solar and energy storage capacity, as well as solar, energy storage, wind, and geothermal procurements in service as of December 31, 2024, have a total net generation capacity of 2,779 MW. In addition to PNM’s owned and third-party contracted solar facilities, PNM also has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 308.5 MW at December 31, 2024. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory. PNM’s approved resource plans have a generation capacity of 910 MW and are expected to be in service by summer of 2026. This includes approximately 310 MW of capacity under the Community Solar Act which will allow PNM to provide customers the option of accessing solar energy. In addition, PNM has filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2028 summer peak, which are necessary for PNM to meet forecasted peak load requirements to serve its customers and to continue progress towards a carbon-free generating portfolio. For additional discussion of the ETA, the 2026 Resource Application, and the 2028 Resource Application see Notes 16 and 17.
PNM will continue to procure renewable resources while balancing the impact to customers’ electricity costs in order to meet New Mexico’s escalating RPS and carbon-free resource requirements.
Energy Efficiency
Energy efficiency plays a significant role in helping to keep customers’ electricity costs low while meeting their energy needs and is one of the Company’s approaches to supporting environmentally responsible power. PNM’s and TNMP’s energy efficiency and load management portfolios continue to achieve robust results. In 2024, incremental energy saved as a result of new participation in PNM’s portfolio of energy efficiency programs is estimated to be 86 GWh. This is equivalent to the annual consumption of approximately 11,891 homes in PNM’s service territory. PNM’s load management and annual energy efficiency programs also help lower peak demand requirements. In 2024, TNMP’s incremental energy saved as a result of new participation in TNMP’s energy efficiency programs is estimated to be approximately 16 GWh. This is equivalent to the annual consumption of approximately 2,211 homes’ electricity use in TNMP’s service territory using a national average avoided emissions rate. TNMP’s high-performance homes residential new construction energy efficiency program has earned the Energy Star Partner of the Year award for 8 years, including 6 years receiving the Sustained Excellence Award, recognizing long-term commitment to fighting climate change and protecting public health through energy efficiency. For information on PNM’s and TNMP’s energy efficiency filing with the NMPRC and PUCT see Note 17.
Water Conservation and Solid Waste Reduction
PNM continues its efforts to reduce the amount of fresh water used to make electricity (about 45% more efficient than in 2005). Continued growth in PNM’s fleet of solar and wind energy sources, energy efficiency programs, and innovative uses of air-cooling technology have contributed to this reduction. Water usage has continued to decline as PNM has substituted less fresh-water-intensive generation resources to replace SJGS. As the Company moves forward with its mission to achieve 100% carbon-free generation by 2040, it expects that more significant water savings will be gained. Shutting down SJGS in 2022 and Four Corners in 2031 will allow the Company to reach our goals for reduced freshwater use at 80% by 2035 and 90% by 2040 from 2005 levels. Focusing on responsible stewardship of New Mexico’s scarce water resources improves PNM’s water-resilience in the face of persistent drought and ever-increasing demands for water to spur the growth of New Mexico’s economy.
In addition to the above areas of focus, the Company is working to reduce the amount of solid waste going to landfills through increased recycling and reduction of waste. In 2024, 21 of the Company’s 22 facilities met or exceeded the solid waste diversion goal of a 65% diversion rate. The Company expects to continue to do well in this area in the future.
Stakeholder and Community Engagement
The Company is committed to fostering relationships with its customers, stakeholders, and communities. Through outreach, collaboration, and various community-oriented programs, the Company has demonstrated a commitment to building productive relationships with stakeholders, including customers, community partners, regulators, intervenors, legislators, and shareholders. Local relationships and one-on-one communications remain two of the most valuable ways both PNM and TNMP connect with their stakeholders. Both companies maintain long-standing relationships with governmental representatives and key electricity consumers to ensure that these stakeholders are updated on Company investments and initiatives. Key electricity consumers also have dedicated Company contacts that support their important service needs.
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The Company utilizes a number of communications channels and strategic content to serve and engage its many stakeholders. PNM’s website provides the details of major regulatory filings, including general rate requests, as well as the background on PNM’s efforts to maintain reliability, keep prices affordable, and protect the environment. TNMP’s website provides information on customized energy efficiency programs and TNMP rates, in addition to other community outreach information. The Company’s website is also a resource for information about PNM’s operations and community outreach efforts, including plans for building a sustainable energy future for New Mexico and to transition to a carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040. PNM also leverages social media in communications with customers on various topics such as education, outage alerts, safety, customer service, and PNM’s community partnerships in philanthropic projects. As discussed above, TXNM’s corporate website includes a dedicated section providing additional information regarding the Company’s commitment to sustainability.
TXNM has a long tradition of supporting the communities that it serves in New Mexico and Texas and is committed to fostering positive relationships with stakeholders. During the three years ended December 31, 2024, corporate giving contributed $9.0 million to civic, educational, environmental, tribal communities, low income, and economic development organizations. Additionally, the PNM Resources Foundation (the “Foundation”) has provided an annual average of $1.3 million in grant funding over the past three years across New Mexico and Texas. Throughout 2024, the Foundation has focused on grants for nontraditional pathways to education and grants for the environment. These grants help nonprofits innovate or sustain programs to grow and develop their mission, develop and implement environmental programs, and provide educational opportunities. The Foundation continues to expand its matching and volunteer grant programs and the annual amount of matching donations available to each of its employees. The Foundation has also approved an increase to the amount awarded to employees, through the employee crisis management fund, who have been affected by the wildfires, floods and hurricanes. In response to the South Fork and Salt wildfires that have caused devastation in the Ruidoso and Mescalero Apache Tribe communities, PNM and the Foundation have donated to the Ruidoso Fire Emergency Action Fund, hosted by the Community Foundation of Southern New Mexico and to the Mescalero Apache Tribe Tribal Relief Fund. PNM is also collaborating with community foundations to help support the effort and direct funds where they are most needed. To support our team members impacted by Hurricane Beryl, the Foundation has increased the employee crisis fund, which is available to help our employees with financial support for catastrophic emergencies and basic living needs during times of crises.
TXNM recognizes its responsibility to support programs and organizations that enrich the quality of life across its service territories and seeks opportunities to further demonstrate its commitment in these areas as needs arise. In response to community needs, TXNM partners with other corporate funders to support nonprofits and small businesses. TXNM also collaborates on community projects, low-income customer assistance programs, and employee volunteerism.
PNM stands out as one of the few investor-owned utilities dedicated to operating a tribal relations office, which is focused on serving and collaborating with 18 of the 23 sovereign nations in New Mexico and the Southwest. PNM created the Navajo Nation Workforce Training Scholarship Program to provide support for Navajo tribal members and to encourage the pursuit of education and training in existing and emerging jobs in the communities in which they live. PNM has invested in paid summer college engineering internship programs for American Indian students available in the greater Albuquerque area, established the PNM Pueblo Education Scholarship and Endowment to invest in higher education for Native American Indian students, and supported the development of an entrepreneur complex located in Albuquerque and operated by the Indian Pueblo Cultural Center. PNM continues to partner with the Navajo Nation in the Light up Navajo project, piloted in 2019 and modeled as a mutual aid project to connect Navajo homes without electricity to the power grid. PNM is one of 44 utilities across 16 states to participate in improving the quality of life for families by bringing electricity to over 700 homes since inception of the project. PNM has also partnered with New Mexico universities to enhance intern programs and developed a business coalition model to drive economic development through intern partnerships. PNM continues to partner with key nonprofit organizations to initiate funding and action for programs focused on diversity, equity and inclusion.
Employee volunteers are the lifeblood of a healthy corporate culture. Community giving through volunteers’ time and effort is at the heart of employee engagement. Throughout 2024, the Company held large-scale volunteer events, working alongside nonprofits, schools, and vulnerable communities throughout New Mexico and Texas. More than 600 employees in both states participated in the annual “Day of Service”, a workday event encouraging employee volunteerism and serving more than 50 organizations. Throughout the year, employees volunteer their time generously through independent volunteer activities and board participation. Employees strengthen community resilience by giving more than 6,000 volunteer hours each year to support the health, safety, and well-being of diverse communities.
Financial Focus
Earning Authorized Returns on Regulated Businesses
TXNM’s success in accomplishing its financial objectives is highly dependent on two key factors: fair and timely regulatory treatment for its utilities and the utilities’ strong operating performance. The Company has multiple strategies to achieve favorable regulatory treatment, all of which have as their foundation a focus on the basics: safety, operational excellence, and customer satisfaction, while engaging stakeholders to build productive relationships. Both PNM and TNMP seek cost recovery for their investments through general rate cases, periodic cost of service filings, and various rate riders. The
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rates PNM and TNMP charge customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by the NMPRC, FERC, and the PUCT. Additional information about rate filings is provided in Note 17.
Fair and timely rate treatment from regulators is crucial to PNM and TNMP in earning their allowed returns and critical for TXNM to achieve its financial objectives. TXNM believes that earning allowed returns is viewed positively by credit rating agencies and that improvements in the Company’s ratings could lower costs to utility customers.
State Regulation and Legislation
TNMP
In the 2023 Texas Legislative session several bills were passed to support utility reliability and resiliency by encouraging and protecting utility infrastructure investments. Amongst the bills passed was DCRF legislation that adds a second filing per year and shortens the regulatory timeframe for the proceedings. Under the new legislation, TNMP filed its SRP in August 2024 and has filed an unopposed settlement with the PUCT. In addition, there is a bill related to temporary mobile generation which are power generating resources that can be positioned to temporarily provide electricity to consumers during an emergency. In December 2024, the PUCT adopted rules to protect consumers by introducing new requirements for utilities that lease and deploy mobile generation facilities. Another bill directs ERCOT to develop reliability plans for the Permian Basin which could result in the need for additional investments in the West Texas service territory. Additionally, the Damaging Critical Infrastructure Bill helps protect TNMP’s investments in response to criminal offenses damaging critical infrastructure facilities. These pieces of legislation demonstrate that Texas continues to encourage utility investment and prioritizes timely rate recovery. TNMP will look to prioritize investments aligned with these measures that improve the quality of service for current and future customers.
The regulatory framework in Texas strongly encourages investments into the grid by providing timely recovery through rate mechanisms outside of general rate cases. The PUCT has approved mechanisms that allow TNMP to recover capital invested in transmission and distribution projects without having to file a general rate case. The PUCT also approved rate riders that allow TNMP to recover amounts related to energy efficiency and third-party transmission costs. TNMP also has approximately 277,000 advanced meters across its service territory, the costs of which are being recovered through base rates.
PNM
The Energy Transition Act (“ETA”)
The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The ETA also allows for the recovery of undepreciated investments and decommissioning costs related to qualifying EGUs that the NMPRC has required be removed from retail jurisdictional rates, provided replacement resources to be included in retail rates have lower or zero-carbon emissions. The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fueled generating resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources by allowing utilities to issue Securitized Bonds related to the retirement of certain coal-fired generating facilities to qualified investors. See additional discussion of the ETA in Notes 16 and 17 and the issuance of the ETBC I Securitized Bonds in Note 7.
Grid Modernization Plan
On October 17, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order approving PNM’s Grid Modernization Plan which will improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and ensure that customers, including low-income customers, are a top priority and will benefit from the electricity grid consistent with the Grid Modernization Statute. PNM’s plan to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements also increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. The approved plan includes grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy. The approved Grid Modernization Rider would recover capital costs, operating expenses, and taxes associated with the investments included in the Grid Modernization Plan. See Note 17.
Integrated Resource Plan
NMPRC rules require that investor-owned utilities file an IRP every three years. The IRP is required to cover a 20-year planning period and contain an action plan covering the first three years of that period. On December 15, 2023, PNM filed its 2023 IRP with a continued focus on a carbon-free energy system by 2040. The plan highlights the need for the significant sustained addition of resources over the next two decades, replacing retiring or expiring capacity, meeting concurrent load growth, while reducing the carbon intensity of PNM’s portfolio. On April 4, 2024, the NMPRC accepted PNM’s 2023 IRP.
On December 30, 2024, PNM issued its 2029-2032 RFP for at least 900 MW of new energy resources to come online between 2029 and 2032, with at least 500 MW needed by 2030. The RFP is consistent with the needs identified in PNM’s 2023 IRP, which identified a range of 900 to 2,900 MW of new capacity needed by 2032, depending on the type of resources
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selected. The 2029-2032 RFP is anticipated to identify potential replacement resources for PNM’s current natural gas generation capacity as well as PNM’s ownership interest in Four Corners. See Note 17.
2028 Resource Application
On November 22, 2024, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of ESAs, a PPA, and a CCN for system resources in 2028 to be available to meet summer 2028 customer needs.
PNM is requesting approval of:
•Two 150 MW ESAs
•A 167 MW PPA for the Valencia power plant through 2039
•A CCN for a 100 MW solar facility and a 30 MW battery, to be PNM-owned and located in San Juan County. The request provides the opportunity to increase the 30 MW battery by an additional 20 MW
PNM Rate Riders and other
The NMPRC has approved PNM recovering fuel costs through the FPPAC, as well as rate riders for renewable energy, energy efficiency, and the TEP. These mechanisms allow for more timely recovery of investments. See Note 17.
FERC Regulation
Rates PNM charges wholesale transmission customers are subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. Rates charged to wholesale electric transmission customers, other than customers on the Western Spirit Line, are based on a formula rate mechanism pursuant to which rates for wholesale transmission service are calculated annually in accordance with an approved formula. The formula includes updating cost of service components, including investment in plant and operating expenses, based on information contained in PNM’s annual financial report filed with FERC, as well as including projected transmission capital projects to be placed into service in the following year. The projections included are subject to true-up. Certain items, including changes to return on equity and depreciation rates, require a separate filing to be made with FERC before being included in the formula rate.
Delivering At or Above Industry-Average Long-Term Earnings Growth
TXNM’s financial objective to deliver at or above industry-average long-term earnings growth enables investors to realize the value of their investment in the Company’s business. Earnings growth is based on ongoing earnings, which is a non-GAAP financial measure that excludes from GAAP earnings certain non-recurring, infrequent, and other items that are not indicative of fundamental changes in the earnings capacity of the Company’s operations. TXNM uses ongoing earnings to evaluate the operations of the Company and to establish goals, including those used for certain aspects of incentive compensation, for management and employees.
TXNM targets a dividend payout ratio in the 50% to 60% range of its ongoing earnings. The Board will continue to evaluate the dividend on an annual basis, considering sustainability and growth, capital planning, and industry standards. The Board approved the following increases in the indicated annual common stock dividend:

Approval Date |  | Percent Increase
December 2023 |  | 5.4 | %
December 2024 |  | 5.2 |

Maintaining Investment Grade Credit Ratings
The Company is committed to maintaining investment grade issuer credit ratings in order to reduce the cost of debt financing and to help ensure access to credit markets, when required. On January 15, 2024, S&P revised TXNM, PNM, and TNMP’s outlook to stable from positive. See the subheading Liquidity included in the full discussion of Liquidity and Capital Resources below for the specific credit ratings for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. All of the credit ratings issued by both Moody’s and S&P on the Company’s senior debt continue to be investment grade.
Economic Factors
TNMP – In 2024, TNMP experienced an increase in volumetric weather normalized retail load of 1.8% compared to 2023. Weather normalized demand-based load, excluding retail transmission and data center consumers, increased 2.4% in 2024 compared to 2023. Data center load, including distribution and transmission, has increased 13.7% in 2024 compared to 2023.
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PNM – In 2024, PNM experienced an increase in weather normalized residential load of 1.5% and its weather normalized commercial load was flat compared to 2023. In addition, PNM experienced an increase in industrial load of 12.5% compared to 2023.
The Company is closely monitoring the impacts on the capital markets of other macroeconomic conditions, including actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, and geopolitical activity. The Company has not experienced, nor does it expect significant negative impacts to customer usage at PNM and TNMP resulting from these economic impacts. However, if current economic conditions worsen, the Company may be required to implement additional measures such as reducing or delaying operating and maintenance expenses and planned capital expenditures.
Results of Operations
Net earnings attributable to TXNM were $242.2 million, or $2.67 per diluted share in the year ended December 31, 2024 compared to $87.8 million, or $1.02 per diluted share in 2023. Among other things, earnings in the year ended December 31, 2024 benefited from rate relief approved in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change, higher transmission and distribution rates at TNMP, higher volumetric load at TNMP, higher weather normalized retail load at PNM, and increased performance on PNM’s NDT, coal mine reclamation and SJGS decommissioning investment securities. In addition, rate credits as a result of the SJGS abandonment settlement agreement and regulatory disallowances resulting from the 2024 Rate Change decreased earnings in 2023 compared to 2024. These increases were partially offset by regulatory disallowances related to San Juan and Four Corners Coal mine reclamation remeasurements in 2024, lower demand-based load at TNMP, lower transmission margin at PNM, higher employee related expenses at PNM and TNMP, increased depreciation and amortization approved in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change and increased plant in service at PNM and TNMP, capacity arrangements at PNM, milder weather at TNMP and PNM, and higher interest charges at PNM, TNMP and Corporate and Other. Additional information on factors impacting results of operations for each segment is discussed below under Results of Operations.
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2024, TXNM, PNM, and TNMP had revolving credit facilities with capacities of $300.0 million, $440.0 million, and $200.0 million. Total availability for TXNM on a consolidated basis was $460.7 million at February 14, 2025. The Company utilizes these credit facilities and cash flows from operations to provide funds for both construction and operational expenditures. TXNM also has intercompany loan agreements with each of its subsidiaries. For additional details regarding the Company’s revolving credit facilities, see Note 7.
TXNM projects that its consolidated capital requirements, consisting of construction expenditures and dividends, will total $8.6 billion for 2025 - 2029. These construction expenditures include TNMP’s investments to support continued high growth in system demand across TNMP’s service territories and growing encouragement for infrastructure investments from the Texas legislature to support grid reliability and resilience. PNM’s capital initiatives include investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to deliver clean energy, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase grid resilience. Construction expenditures also include investments proposed in PNM’s Grid Modernization Application and TNMP’s SRP.
As discussed in Note 7, in 2024, TXNM entered into a distribution agreement, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales price of $300.0 million of its common stock, no par value, through sales agents under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. During 2024, TXNM entered into forward sales agreements with third-party forward purchasers relating to the sale of 3.6 million shares of common stock, under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. On December 30, 2024, TXNM physically settled 2.5 million shares under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program by issuing shares to the forward purchasers and receiving net proceeds of $99.4 million. Following this settlement, 1.1 million shares of TXNM’s common stock remain subject to future settlement under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. See Note 7.
To fund capital spending requirements to meet growth that balances earnings goals, credit metrics and liquidity needs, the Company has entered into a number of other financing arrangements. For further discussion on these financing arrangements see Liquidity and Capital Resources discussion below as well as Note 7.
After considering the effects of these financings and the Company’s short-term liquidity position as of February 14, 2025, the Company has consolidated maturities of long-term and short-term debt aggregating $1.1 billion in the period from January 1, 2025 through February 28, 2026. In addition to internal cash generation, the Company anticipates that it will be necessary to obtain additional long-term financing in the form of debt refinancing, new debt issuances, and/or new equity in order to fund its capital requirements during the 2025-2029 period. The Company currently believes that its internal cash generation, existing credit arrangements, and access to public and private capital markets will provide sufficient resources to meet the Company’s capital requirements for at least the next twelve months. As of December 31, 2024 and February 14, 2025, the Company was in compliance with its debt covenants.
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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following discussion and analysis should be read in conjunction with the Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto. Trends and contingencies of a material nature are discussed to the extent known. Also, refer to Disclosure Regarding Forward Looking Statements in Part I, Item 1 and to Risk Factors in Part I, Item 1A.
A summary of net earnings attributable to TXNM is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
| (In millions, except per share amounts) |  |
Net earnings attributable to TXNM | $ | 242.2 |  |  | $ | 87.8 |  |  |  |  | $ | 154.5 |  |  |
Average diluted common and common equivalent shares | 90.6 |  |  | 86.4 |  |  |  |  | 4.2 |  |  |
Net earnings attributable to TXNM per diluted share | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  |  |  | $ | 1.65 |  |  |

The components of the changes in net earnings attributable to TXNM by segment are:

| Change |  |
| 2024/2023 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
TNMP | $ | 8.6 |  |  |
PNM | 156.0 |  |  |
Corporate and Other | (10.3) |  |  |
Net change | $ | 154.3 |  |  |

Information regarding the factors impacting TXNM’s operating results by segment are set forth below.
Segment Information
The following discussion is based on the segment methodology that TXNM’s management uses for making operating decisions and assessing performance of its various business activities. See Note 2 for more information on TXNM’s operating segments.
TNMP
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
TNMP defines utility margin as electric operating revenues less cost of energy, which consists of costs charged by third-party transmission providers. TNMP believes that utility margin provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating operations than electric operating revenues since all third-party transmission costs are passed on to consumers through a transmission cost recovery factor. Utility margin is not a financial measure required to be presented and is considered a non-GAAP measure. TNMP does not intend for utility margin to represent any financial measure as defined by GAAP however, the calculation of utility margin, as presented, most closely compares to gross margin as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations between utility margin and gross margin are presented below.

| Year Ended December 31, |  | Change
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024/2023
| (In millions)
Gross margin | $ | 280.1 |  |  | $ | 246.5 |  |  | $ | 33.6 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 37.1 |  |  | 37.0 |  |  | 0.1
Depreciation and amortization | 125.9 |  |  | 113.1 |  |  | 12.8
Utility margin | $ | 443.0 |  |  | $ | 396.6 |  |  | $ | 46.4 |

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The following table summarizes the operating results for TNMP:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Electric operating revenues | $ | 592.1 |  |  | $ | 535.3 |  |  |  |  | $ | 56.8 |  |  |
Cost of energy | 149.1 |  |  | 138.6 |  |  |  |  | 10.5 |  |  |
Utility margin | 443.0 |  |  | 396.6 |  |  |  |  | 46.4 |  |  |
Operating expenses | 136.2 |  |  | 133.4 |  |  |  |  | 2.8 |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 125.9 |  |  | 113.1 |  |  |  |  | 12.8 |  |  |
Operating income | 180.9 |  |  | 150.0 |  |  |  |  | 30.9 |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | 8.7 |  |  | 8.4 |  |  |  |  | 0.3 |  |  |
Interest charges | (59.0) |  |  | (46.2) |  |  |  |  | (12.8) |  |  |
Segment earnings before income taxes | 130.6 |  |  | 112.2 |  |  |  |  | 18.4 |  |  |
Income (taxes) | (27.1) |  |  | (17.3) |  |  |  |  | (9.8) |  |  |
Segment earnings | $ | 103.5 |  |  | $ | 94.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 8.6 |  |  |

The following table shows total GWh sales, including the impacts of weather, by retail tariff consumer class and average number of consumers:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Percentage Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
Volumetric load (1) (GWh) |
Residential | 3,202.0 |  |  | 3,248.4 |  |  |  |  | (1.4) | % |  |
Commercial and other | 47.2 |  |  | 48.9 |  |  |  |  | (3.5) |  |  |
Total volumetric load | 3,249.2 |  |  | 3,297.3 |  |  |  |  | (1.5) | % |  |
Demand-based load (2) (MW) | 31,425.1 |  |  | 30,668.6 |  |  |  |  | 2.5 | % |  |
Average retail consumers (thousands) (3) | 277.0 |  |  | 272.1 |  |  |  |  | 1.8 | % |  |

(1)Volumetric load consumers are billed on KWh usage.
(2)Demand-based load includes consumers billed on a monthly KW peak and retail transmission customers that are primarily billed under rate riders.
(3)TNMP provides transmission and distribution services to REPs that provide electric service to customers in TNMP’s service territories. The number of consumers above represents the customers of these REPs. Under TECA, consumers in Texas have the ability to choose any REP to provide energy.
Operating results – 2024 compared to 2023
The following table summarizes the significant changes to gross margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Utility Margin (see below) |  | $ | 46.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization (see below) |  | (12.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower vegetation management expenses partially offset by higher employee related expenses and outside services, excluding administrative costs |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 33.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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The following table summarizes the significant changes to utility margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transmission rate relief/load – Transmission cost of service rate increases in May 2023, September 2023, March 2024, and September 2024 |  | $ | 21.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Distribution rate relief – Distribution cost of service rate increases in September 2023, July 2024, and November 2024 |  | 14.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Volumetric-based consumer usage/load – Weather normalized KWh sales increased 1.8%; the average number of volumetric consumers increased 1.8% |  | 2.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Demand based consumer usage/load – Weather normalized demand-based MW sales for large commercial and industrial consumers excluding retail transmission customers decreased 1.2% |  | (1.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Leap Year - Increase in revenue due to additional day in 2024 |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Weather – Primarily due to warmer weather in the third quarter of 2023 |  | (3.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Impact of fully amortized AMS charges |  | 6.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Deferral of excess deferred income tax benefits refunded through base rates |  | 7.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate riders and other – Impacts of rate riders, including the transmission cost recovery factor, energy efficiency rider, and rate case expense rider which are partially offset in operating expense and depreciation and amortization |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 46.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following tables summarize the primary drivers for operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower vegetation management expenses partially offset by higher employee related expenses and outside services |  | $ | (1.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher property tax due to increased utility plant in service |  | 3.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher capitalization of administrative and general expenses due to higher construction expenditures |  | (5.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher allocated depreciation and amortization expense from Corporate and Other |  | 3.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Regulatory disallowance related to notice of violation settlement in 2023 (Note 17) |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher insurance premiums primarily related to wildfire risk |  | 3.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 2.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Depreciation and amortization: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased utility plant in service |  | $ | 14.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (1.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 12.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other income (deductions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher CIAC |  | $ | 0.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower equity AFUDC |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Interest charges: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of first mortgage bonds in 2024 |  | $ | (9.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of first mortgage bonds in 2023 |  | (3.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Repayment of first mortgage bonds in 2024 |  | 1.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements |  | (1.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on revolving short-term borrowings |  | (1.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher debt AFUDC |  | 2.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (12.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income (taxes): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher segment earnings before income taxes |  | $ | (3.9) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower amortization of excess deferred income taxes |  | (6.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (9.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

PNM
Non-GAAP Financial Measures
PNM defines utility margin as electric operating revenues less cost of energy, which consists primarily of fuel and purchase power costs. PNM believes that utility margin provides a more meaningful basis for evaluating operations than electric operating revenues since substantially all fuel and purchase power costs are offset in revenues as those costs are passed through to customers under PNM’s FPPAC. Utility margin is not a financial measure required to be presented and is considered a non-GAAP measure. PNM does not intend for utility margin to represent any financial measure as defined by GAAP however, the calculation of utility margin, as presented, most closely compares to gross margin as defined by GAAP. Reconciliations between utility margin and gross margin are presented below.

| Year Ended December 31, |  | Change
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024/2023
| (In millions)
Gross margin | $ | 567.3 |  |  | $ | 409.4 |  |  | $ | 157.9 |
Energy production costs | 93.7 |  |  | 91.6 |  |  | 2.1 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61.3 |  |  | 61.7 |  |  | (0.4) |
Depreciation and amortization | 221.8 |  |  | 177.6 |  |  | 44.2 |
Utility margin | $ | 944.2 |  |  | $ | 740.3 |  |  | $ | 203.9 |

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The following table summarizes the operating results for PNM:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,379.1 |  |  | $ | 1,403.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | (24.8) |  |  |
Cost of energy | 434.9 |  |  | 663.6 |  |  |  |  | (228.7) |  |  |
Utility margin | 944.2 |  |  | 740.3 |  |  |  |  | 203.9 |  |  |
Operating expenses | 440.4 |  |  | 479.5 |  |  |  |  | (39.1) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 221.8 |  |  | 177.6 |  |  |  |  | 44.2 |  |  |
Operating income | 282.0 |  |  | 83.2 |  |  |  |  | 198.8 |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | 61.5 |  |  | 41.4 |  |  |  |  | 20.1 |  |  |
Interest charges | (106.0) |  |  | (86.6) |  |  |  |  | (19.4) |  |  |
Segment earnings before income taxes | 237.5 |  |  | 38.0 |  |  |  |  | 199.5 |  |  |
Income (taxes) benefits | (29.2) |  |  | 16.8 |  |  |  |  | (46.0) |  |  |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (16.0) |  |  | (18.5) |  |  |  |  | 2.5 |  |  |
Preferred stock dividend requirements | (0.5) |  |  | (0.5) |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Segment earnings | $ | 191.7 |  |  | $ | 35.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 156.0 |  |  |

The following table shows GWh sales, including the impacts of weather, by customer class and average number of customers:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Percent Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
| (Gigawatt hours, except customers) |  |
Residential | 3,397.3 |  |  | 3,390.7 |  |  |  |  | 0.2 | % |  |
Commercial | 3,654.1 |  |  | 3,645.1 |  |  |  |  | 0.2 |  |  |
Industrial (1) | 2,059.2 |  |  | 1,879.3 |  |  |  |  | 9.6 |  |  |
Public authority | 215.6 |  |  | 215.5 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Economy service (2) | 548.4 |  |  | 536.5 |  |  |  |  | 2.2 |  |  |
Other sales for resale (3) | 3,275.3 |  |  | 4,587.1 |  |  |  |  | (28.6) |  |  |
| 13,149.9 |  |  | 14,254.2 |  |  |  |  | (7.7) | % |  |
Average retail customer (thousands) | 552.6 |  |  | 548.0 |  |  |  |  | 0.8 | % |  |

(1)Includes energy provided by PNM for renewable energy resources to match the energy and capacity requirements of Meta. PNM purchases renewable energy which is passed through to Meta under a rate rider. A special service rate is applied to Meta’s energy consumption in those hours of the month when their consumption exceeds the energy production from the renewable resources.
(2)PNM purchases energy for a large customer on the customer’s behalf and delivers the energy to the customer’s location through PNM’s transmission system. PNM charges the customer for the cost of the energy as a direct pass through to the customer with only a minor impact in utility margin resulting from providing ancillary services.
(3)Includes sales for resale activity resulting from PNM’s participation in the EIM.
Operating results – 2024 compared to 2023
The following table summarizes the significant changes to gross margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Gross margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Utility margin (see below) |  | $ | 203.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Depreciation and amortization (see below) |  | (44.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher plant maintenance costs for the remaining interests in PVNGS and Four Corners, offset by lower costs at gas fired plants and the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 2 Leased Interests |  | (0.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related expenses offset by lower outside services, and vegetation management expenses, excluding administrative costs |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 157.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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The following table summarizes the significant changes to utility margin:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Utility margin: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Retail customer usage/load –Weather normalized retail KWh sales increased 1.5% for residential customers and 12.5% for industrial customers |  | $ | 20.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Weather – Hotter weather in the third quarter of 2023 partially offset by milder weather in the remaining quarters of 2024 |  | (6.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Leap Year - Increase in revenue due to additional day in 2024 |  | 1.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Transmission – Decrease in revenues primarily due to lower market prices and lower volumes in 2024, partially offset by the FERC Order 864 settlement in 2023 and EPE refund in 2024 |  | (13.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate relief – Increase in revenue approved in 2024 Rate Change |  | 15.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Capacity arrangements – Energy storage agreements starting in the third quarter of 2023, partially offset by purchase agreements in 2023 and sales agreements in 2024 |  | (6.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate Credits – SJGS abandonment settlement agreement in 2023 |  | 128.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2024 Rate Change – PVNGS Unit 1 Leased Interest regulatory liability in 2023 |  | 38.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rate riders and other – Includes renewable energy, FPPAC, energy efficiency, energy transition charge, and transportation electrification riders which are partially offset in operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, other income (deductions) and interest charges |  | 25.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 203.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The following tables summarize the primary drivers for operating expenses, depreciation and amortization, other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating expenses: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher costs for the remaining interests in PVNGS, partially offset by lower plant maintenance and administrative costs at gas fired plants, Four Corners, and the disposition of the PVNGS Unit 2 Leased Interests |  | $ | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher regulatory disallowances in 2023, primarily resulting from the 2024 Rate Change |  | (70.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Unrecoverable portion of San Juan & Four Corners Coal Mine reclamation remeasurements related to the capped surface mine liability in 2024 |  | 9.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher allocated depreciation and amortization expense from Corporate and Other |  | 8.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher employee related expenses partially offset by lower outside services and vegetation management expenses |  | 2.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher capitalization of administrative and general expenses due to higher construction expenditures |  | (2.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher insurance premiums primarily related to wildfire risk |  | 3.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher costs associated with rate riders included in Utility margin |  | 7.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 1.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (39.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization: |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased utility plant in service |  | $ | 15.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amortization of regulatory assets approved in the 2024 Rate Change |  | 10.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increase in depreciation approved in 2024 Rate Change |  | 13.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Amortization related to ETBC I Securitized Costs, offset in utility margin |  | 4.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 44.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Other income (deductions): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Increased performance on investment securities in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts |  | $ | 7.8 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower interest income and higher trust expenses related to investment securities in the NDT, coal mine reclamation and SJGS decommissioning trusts |  | (4.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher equity AFUDC |  | 3.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest related to the NTEC agreement |  | 4.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower non-service post-retirement benefit costs |  | 4.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest income primarily related to transmission projects |  | 1.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher charitable contributions in 2023 |  | 2.0 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.4 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 20.1 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower interest on term loans |  | $ | 3.6 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest related to remarketed PCRBs in June 2024 |  | (2.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest related to remarketed PCRBs in June 2023 |  | (1.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of SUNs in April 2023 |  | (3.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements |  | (1.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Interest related to ETBC I Securitized Bonds, offset in utility margin |  | (17.6) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher debt AFUDC |  | 3.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (19.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income (taxes): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher segment earnings before income taxes |  | $ | (51.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher amortization of federal excess deferred income taxes |  | 6.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (1.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (46.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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Corporate and Other
The table below summarizes the operating results for Corporate and Other:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
| (In millions) |  |
Total revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Cost of energy | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Utility margin | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |  |  |
Operating expenses | (27.8) |  |  | (26.9) |  |  |  |  | (0.9) |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 37.2 |  |  | 28.7 |  |  |  |  | 8.5 |  |  |
Operating income (loss) | (9.4) |  |  | (1.9) |  |  |  |  | (7.5) |  |  |
Other income (deductions) | (15.4) |  |  | (0.2) |  |  |  |  | (15.2) |  |  |
Interest charges | (63.1) |  |  | (57.6) |  |  |  |  | (5.5) |  |  |
Segment earnings (loss) before income taxes | (87.9) |  |  | (59.7) |  |  |  |  | (28.2) |  |  |
Income (taxes) benefits | 34.8 |  |  | 16.9 |  |  |  |  | 17.9 |  |  |
Segment earnings (loss) | $ | (53.1) |  |  | $ | (42.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | (10.3) |  |  |

Corporate and Other operating expenses shown above are net of amounts allocated to PNM and TNMP under shared services agreements. The amounts allocated include certain expenses shown as depreciation and amortization and other income (deductions) in the table above. The change in operating expenses includes an increase of $2.0 million in costs related to the Merger that were not allocated to PNM or TNMP. Substantially all depreciation and amortization expense are offset in operating expenses as a result of allocation of these costs to other business segments.
Operating results – 2024 compared to 2023
The following tables summarize the primary drivers for other income (deductions), interest charges, and income taxes:

|  |  | Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |
|  |  | Change |  |  |  |  |  |
Other income (deductions): |  | (In millions) |  |  |  |  |  |
| Sale of NMRD equity method investment |  | $ | (15.1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower equity method investment income due to sale of NMRD |  | (2.8) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Rent income allocated to business units |  | 0.5 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower charitable contributions |  | 1.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.3 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (15.2) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Interest charges: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Issuance of the $550.0 million Convertible Notes |  | $ | (17.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher interest on short-term borrowings |  | (0.7) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower interest on term loans |  | 12.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | 0.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | (5.5) |  |  |  |  |  |  |

Income (taxes) benefits: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Higher segment loss before income taxes |  | $ | 7.2 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Investment tax credits related to the sale of NMRD |  | 15.7 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax impact of non-deductible merger related costs |  | (2.4) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Lower investment tax credit amortization |  | (1.0) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Income tax valuation allowance |  | (1.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Other |  | (0.3) |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| Net Change |  | $ | 17.9 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Statements of Cash Flows
The information concerning TXNM’s cash flows is summarized as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
Net cash flows from: | (In millions)
Operating activities | $ | 508.2 |  |  | $ | 551.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | (43.0) |  |  |
Investing activities | (1,174.4) |  |  | (1,088.4) |  |  |  |  | (86.0) |  |  |
Financing activities | 684.4 |  |  | 537.1 |  |  |  |  | 147.3 |  |  |
Net change in cash and cash equivalents | $ | 18.1 |  |  | $ | (0.1) |  |  |  |  | $ | 18.3 |  |  |

Cash Flows from Operating Activities
Changes in TXNM’s cash flow from operating activities result from net earnings, adjusted for items impacting earnings that do not provide or use cash. See Results of Operations above. Certain changes in assets and liabilities resulting from normal operations, including the effects of the seasonal nature of the Company’s operations, also impact operating cash flows.
Cash Flows from Investing Activities
The changes in TXNM’s cash flows from investing activities relate primarily to changes in utility plant additions. Cash flows from investing activities include purchases and sales of investment securities in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning trust, and coal mine reclamation trusts as well as the sale of NMRD on February 27, 2024.
Major components of TXNM’s cash inflows and (outflows) from investing activities are shown below:

| Year Ended December 31, |  |  |  | Change |  |
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  |  |  | 2024/2023 |  |
Cash (Outflows) for Utility Plant Additions | (In millions) |  |
PNM: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Generation | $ | (126.4) |  |  | $ | (63.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | (62.6) |  |  |
Renewables | (0.2) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | (0.2) |  |  |
Transmission and distribution | (538.8) |  |  | (485.0) |  |  |  |  | (53.8) |  |  |
Nuclear fuel | (17.0) |  |  | (16.3) |  |  |  |  | (0.7) |  |  |
| (682.4) |  |  | (565.1) |  |  |  |  | (117.3) |  |  |
TNMP: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Transmission | (161.2) |  |  | (124.4) |  |  |  |  | (36.8) |  |  |
Distribution | (380.4) |  |  | (340.0) |  |  |  |  | (40.4) |  |  |
| (541.6) |  |  | (464.4) |  |  |  |  | (77.2) |  |  |
Corporate and Other: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Computer hardware and software | (20.7) |  |  | (30.6) |  |  |  |  | 9.9 |  |  |
General services, building, and other | (2.3) |  |  | (15.7) |  |  |  |  | 13.4 |  |  |
| $ | (1,247.0) |  |  | $ | (1,075.8) |  |  |  |  | $ | (171.2) |  |  |
Other Cash Flows from Investing Activities |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | $ | 2.8 |  |  | $ | 32.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | (29.9) |  |  |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 707.4 |  |  | 574.2 |  |  |  |  | 133.2 |  |  |
Purchases of investment securities | (756.8) |  |  | (593.2) |  |  |  |  | (163.6) |  |  |
Proceeds from sale of NMRD | 116.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 116.9 |  |  |
Investments in NMRD | (12.6) |  |  | (26.3) |  |  |  |  | 13.7 |  |  |
Other, net | 14.9 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 14.9 |  |  |
| $ | 72.6 |  |  | $ | (12.6) |  |  |  |  | $ | 85.2 |  |  |
Net cash flows from investing activities | $ | (1,174.4) |  |  | $ | (1,088.4) |  |  |  |  | $ | (86.0) |  |  |

Cash Flow from Financing Activities
The changes in TXNM’s cash flows from financing activities include:
•Short-term borrowings increased $347.4 million in 2024 compared to an increase of $29.9 million in 2023, resulting in a net increase in cash flows from financing activities of $317.5 million in 2024
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•In 2024, TNMP issued $285.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP 2024 Bonds and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility and $80.0 million of 4.03% TNMP FMBs, to fund capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes
•In 2024, PNM entered into the PNM 2024 Term Loan for $200.0 million and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and for other corporate purposes
•In 2024, PNM remarketed $198.0 million of outstanding PCRBs to new investors
•In 2024, TXNM issued $550.0 million in Junior Subordinated Convertible Notes and used the proceeds to prepay $449.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan and $90.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2023 Term Loan, without penalty, and for other corporate purposes
•In 2024, TXNM physically settled forward sales of common stock under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program and received $98.6 million in net proceeds that were used to repay amounts borrowed under the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility.
Financing Activities
See Note 7 for additional information concerning the Company’s financing activities. PNM must obtain NMPRC approval for any financing transaction having a maturity of more than 18 months. In addition, PNM files its annual informational financing filing and short-term financing plan with the NMPRC. The Company’s ability to access the credit and capital markets at a reasonable cost is largely dependent upon its:
•Ability to earn a fair return on equity
•Results of operations
•Ability to obtain required regulatory approvals
•Conditions in the financial markets
•Credit ratings
The Company is closely monitoring the impacts on the capital markets of other macroeconomic conditions, including actions by the Federal Reserve to address inflationary concerns or other market conditions, and geopolitical activity. The Company currently believes it has adequate liquidity but cannot predict the effects of any of these macroeconomic conditions on the global, national, or local economy, including the Company’s ability to access capital in the financial markets, or on the Company’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows.
Each of the Company’s revolving credit facilities and term loans contain a single financial covenant that requires the maintenance of a debt-to-capitalization ratio. For the TXNM agreements, this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 70%, and for the PNM and TNMP agreements, this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 65%. The Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements generally also contain customary covenants, events of default, cross-default provisions, and change-of-control provisions. The Company is in compliance with its debt covenants.
On March 28, 2024, TNMP entered into the TNMP 2024 Bond Purchase Agreement for the sale of $285.0 million aggregate principal amount of four series of TNMP first mortgage bonds. TNMP issued the first two series on March 28, 2024, consisting of $32.0 million at a 5.26% interest rate, due March 28, 2029, and $85.0 million at a 5.55% interest rate, due March 28, 2036. The third and fourth series were issued on July 1, 2024, consisting of $40.0 million at a 5.65% interest rate, due July 1, 2039, and $128.0 million at a 5.79% interest rate, due July 1, 2054. The proceeds were used to repay $80.0 million of 4.03% TNMP FMBs, to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, to fund capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes.
In May 2024, TXNM entered into the TXNM 2024 ATM Program pursuant to which TXNM may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate amount of $100.0 million of its common stock. In August 2024, subsequent to approval by shareholders to increase TXNM’s authorized shares, the Company increased the aggregate sales amount from $100.0 million to $300.0 million of its common stock, no par value, that may be sold under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. Throughout 2024, TXNM entered into forward sale agreements with forward purchasers, for the sale of 3,563,592 shares of TXNM common stock. TXNM did not receive any proceeds upon the execution of this agreement and, except in certain specified circumstances, has the option to elect physical, cash, or net share settlement of the forward sale agreement on or before a date that is 12 months from the agreement effective dates. Refer to Note 7 for information regarding the initial forward sale price, the Company's settlement options and related accounting treatment. On December 30, 2024, TXNM physically settled forward purchases under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program for 2,458,951 shares, receiving $98.6 million in cash proceeds, and used those proceeds to repay borrowings under the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility. As of December 31, 2024, 1,104,641 shares remain unsettled under the 2024 Forward Sales Agreements.
On May 10, 2024, PNM entered into the PNM 2024 Term Loan. PNM used the proceeds of the PNM 2024 Term Loan to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2024 Term Loan bears interest at a variable rate, which was 5.40% at December 31, 2024, and must be repaid on or before November 10, 2025.
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On June 10, 2024, TXNM issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1 and mature on June 1, 2054, unless earlier converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms. On June 21, 2024, TXNM issued an additional $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes, pursuant to an overallotment option granted by TXNM to the initial purchasers of the $500.0 million Convertible Notes. Proceeds from the Convertible Notes were used to prepay $449.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan and $90.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2023 Term Loan, without penalty, and for other corporate purposes. See Note 7 for details related to the conversion rate and conditions for such conversion.
At December 31, 2023, PNM had outstanding $37.0 million of 3.00% PCRBs and $125.0 million of 1.15% PCRBs issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024 and final maturities of June 2040 and $36.0 million of 3.00% PCRBs issued by Maricopa County, Arizona with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024 and a final maturity of January 2038. On June 3, 2024, PNM remarketed these PCRBs aggregating $198.0 million to new investors at 3.875% with a mandatory tender date of June 1, 2029.
On January 21, 2025, PNM entered into the PNM 2025 Term Loan. PNM used the proceeds of the PNM 2025 Term Loan to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2025 Term Loan bears interest at a variable rate and must be repaid on or before July 21, 2026.
On February 14, 2025, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2025 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.19% TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2025 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued all $140.0 million at a 5.19% interest rate, due April 1, 2031. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes.
TXNM entered into multiple hedging arrangements, with maturity dates ranging from December 2024 through December 2025. In November 2024, TXNM unwound and settled the hedging agreements that were expected to mature on December 31, 2025, and on December 31, 2024, the remaining active hedging agreements matured. See Note 7 for the related effective dates and terms of each arrangement. All of these hedging agreements establish a fixed rate for the indicated amount of variable rate debt, above which a customary spread is applied, which is subject to change if there is a change in TXNM’s credit rating. These hedge agreements were accounted for as cash flow hedges.
Capital Requirements
TXNM’s total capital requirements consist of construction expenditures, cash dividend requirements for TXNM common stock and PNM preferred stock.
Key activities in TXNM’s current construction program include:
•Investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure
•Upgrading generation resources and delivering clean energy
•Purchasing nuclear fuel
Projected capital requirements for 2025-2029 are:

| 2025 |  | 2026-2029 |  | Total
| (In millions)
Construction expenditures | $ | 1,321.3 |  |  | $ | 6,513.0 |  |  | $ | 7,834.3 |
Dividends on TXNM common stock | 151.0 |  |  | 611.3 |  |  | 762.3 |
Dividends on PNM preferred stock | 0.5 |  |  | 2.1 |  |  | 2.6 |
Total capital requirements | $ | 1,472.8 |  |  | $ | 7,126.4 |  |  | $ | 8,599.2 |

The construction expenditure estimates are under continuing review and subject to ongoing adjustment, as well as to Board review and approval. The construction expenditures above include TNMP’s investments to support continued high growth in system demand across TNMP’s service territories and growing encouragement for infrastructure investments from the Texas legislature to support grid reliability and resilience. PNM’s capital initiative that includes investments in transmission and distribution infrastructure to deliver clean energy, enhance customer satisfaction, and increase grid resilience. Construction expenditures also include investments included in PNM’s Grid Modernization Application and TNMP’s SRP. These investments provide for a more resilient, reliable, efficient, and decarbonized electric system. Not included in the table above are incremental expenditures for new customer growth in New Mexico and Texas, and other transmission and renewable energy expansion in New Mexico. The ability of TXNM to pay dividends on its common stock is dependent upon the ability of PNM and TNMP to pay dividends to TXNM. See Note 6 for a discussion of regulatory and contractual restrictions on the payment of dividends by PNM and TNMP.
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During the year ended December 31, 2024, TXNM met its capital requirements and construction expenditures through cash generated from operations, as well as its liquidity arrangements and the borrowings discussed in Financing Activities above.
In addition to the capital requirements for construction expenditures and dividends, the Company has long-term debt and term loans that must be paid or refinanced at maturity. PNM has $3.4 million and $3.5 million in scheduled principal payments due for the ETBC I Securitized Bonds in February and August 2025 which are funded by the energy transition charge billed to customers (Note 16). PNM also has $104.0 million and $250.0 million of SUNs that are due in May and August 2025 plus $200.0 million under the PNM 2024 Term Loan that is due in November 2025. TXNM has $51.0 million outstanding under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan that matures in May 2025. See Note 7 for additional information about the Company’s long-term debt and equity arrangements. The Company may also enter into new arrangements similar to the existing agreements, borrow under the revolving credit facilities, issue new long-term debt or equity in the public or private capital markets, or a combination of these sources. The Company has from time to time refinanced or repurchased portions of its outstanding debt before scheduled maturity. Depending on market conditions, the Company may refinance other debt issuances or make additional debt repurchases in the future.
Other Material Cash Requirements
In addition to the cash requirements for construction requirements and long-term debt discussed above, the Company has other material cash requirements related to long-term contractual obligations including minimum lease payments (Note 8), coal contracts, coal mine reclamation, nuclear decommissioning, SJGS plant decommissioning (Note 16), and pension and retiree medical contributions (Note 11).
Interest on long-term debt, excluding ETBC I Securitized Bonds
Interest accrues on long-term debt agreements, at fixed rates, with the passage of time, and is typically paid semi-annually in accordance with the terms of the debt agreement. Provided that these long-term debt agreements are not prepaid or refinanced before their expected maturities, payments of interest are expected to total $158.4 million in 2025, $296.7 million in 2026 and 2027, $269.6 million in 2028 and 2029, and $1.8 billion in 2030 and thereafter.
Scheduled payments on ETBC I Securitized Bonds
The ETBC I Securitized Bonds are subject to fixed, scheduled, principal and interest payment arrangements that are paid semi-annually in accordance with the terms of the agreement and are funded by the energy transition charge billed to customers. See Note 16. Principal payments are expected to total $6.9 million for 2025, $15.0 million for 2026 and 2027, $16.8 million for 2028 and 2029, and $301.9 million for 2030 and thereafter. Interest payments are expected to total $19.8 million for 2025, $38.3 million for 2026 and 2027, $36.6 million for 2028 and 2029, and $204.9 million for 2030 and thereafter.
Transmission service arrangements
PNM owns transmission lines that are interconnected with other utilities in Arizona and Texas. PNM has executed long-term contracts with these other utilities to receive service for the transmission of energy owned by PNM utilizing the third-party transmission facilities. PNM generally receives transmission services, which are regulated by FERC, from a third-party through the other utilities’ OATT or a specific contract. PNM has reserved firm capacity on a long-term basis and is committed under the terms of the contracts. These contracted obligations total $14.4 million in 2025, $28.9 million in 2026 and 2027 and, $13.5 million in 2028 and 2029.
Technology outsourcing
The Company has other technology services under long-term contracts. The obligations under these contracts total $8.4 million for 2025 and $17.3 million for 2026 and 2027.
Liquidity
TXNM’s liquidity arrangements include the $300.0 million TXNM Revolving Credit Facility, the $400.0 million PNM Revolving Credit Facility, and the $200.0 million TNMP Revolving Credit Facility. On April 1, 2024, TXNM and PNM amended their respective revolving credit facilities, extending their maturity to March 30, 2029, with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity to March 2031, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. PNM also has the $40.0 million PNM New Mexico Credit Facility with a maturity of May 20, 2026. On April 1, 2024, TNMP entered into its new $200.0 million Revolving Credit Facility that has a maturity of March 30, 2029 with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity to March 2031, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. Variable interest rates under the TXNM, PNM, and TNMP revolving credit facilities are based on SOFR. The Company believes the terms and conditions of these facilities are consistent with those of other investment grade revolving credit facilities in the
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utility industry. The Company expects that it will be able to extend or replace these credit facilities under similar terms and conditions prior to their expirations.
The revolving credit facilities and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility provide short-term borrowing capacity. The revolving credit facilities also allow letters of credit to be issued. Letters of credit reduce the available capacity under the facilities. The Company utilizes these credit facilities and cash flows from operations to provide funds for both construction and operational expenditures. The Company’s business is seasonal with more revenues and cash flows from operations being generated in the summer months. In general, the Company relies on the credit facilities to be the initial funding source for construction expenditures. Accordingly, borrowings under the facilities may increase over time. Depending on market and other conditions, the Company will periodically sell long-term debt and use the proceeds to reduce the borrowings under the credit facilities.
Information regarding the range of borrowings for each facility is as follows:

|  | Three Months Ended |  | Year Ended December 31 |  |  |  |
|  | December 31, 2024 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  |
Range of Borrowings |  | Low |  | High |  | Low |  | High |  | Low |  | High |  |  |  |
|  | (In millions) |  |  |  |
PNM: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | $ | 148.2 |  |  | $ | 323.8 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 323.8 |  |  | $ | 16.7 |  |  | $ | 200.8 |  |  |  |  |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | — |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | — |  |  | 40.0 |  |  | 5.0 |  |  | 40.0 |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 99.9 |  |  | 158.3 |  |  | 11.2 |  |  | 158.3 |  |  | 9.8 |  |  | 100.0 |  |  |  |  |
TXNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | 93.9 |  |  | 234.7 |  |  | 31.1 |  |  | 234.7 |  |  | 9.4 |  |  | 247.4 |  |  |  |  |

At December 31, 2024, the weighted average interest rates were 5.73% for the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, 5.81% for the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, 5.37% for the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, and 5.96% for the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility.
The Company currently believes that its capital requirements for at least the next twelve months can be met through internal cash generation, existing, extended, or new credit arrangements, and access to public and private capital markets as discussed above and in Note 7. The Company anticipates that it will be necessary to obtain additional long-term financing to fund its capital requirements and to balance its capital structure during the 2025 – 2029 period. This could include new debt and/or equity issuances. To cover the difference in the amounts and timing of internal cash generation and cash requirements, the Company intends to use short-term borrowings under its current and future liquidity arrangements or other short-term loans. Market conditions, such as rising interest rates, may raise the cost of borrowing under the Company’s current and future liquidity arrangements or other variable debt. In addition, if market conditions worsen, the Company may not be able to access the capital markets or renew credit facilities when they expire. Should that occur, the Company would seek to improve cash flows by reducing capital expenditures and exploring other available alternatives.
Currently, all of the credit ratings issued by both Moody’s and S&P on the Company’s senior debt are investment grade. As of December 31, 2024, Moody’s and S&P’s outlook is stable for all entities. Investors are cautioned that a security rating is not a recommendation to buy, sell, or hold securities, that each rating is subject to revision or withdrawal at any time by the rating organization, and that each rating should be evaluated independently of any other rating.
As of February 14, 2025, ratings on the Company’s securities were as follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
S&P |  |  |  |  |
Issuer rating | BBB |  | BBB |  | BBB+
Senior secured debt | * |  | * |  | A
Senior unsecured debt | BBB- |  | BBB |  | *
Junior subordinated debt | BB+ |  | * |  | *
Preferred stock | * |  | BB+ |  | *
Moody’s |  |  |  |  |
Issuer rating | Baa3 |  | Baa2 |  | Baa1
Senior secured debt | * |  | * |  | A2
Senior unsecured debt | Baa3 |  | Baa2 |  | *
Junior subordinated debt | Ba1 |  | * |  | *
* Not applicable |  |  |  |  |

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A summary of liquidity arrangements as of February 14, 2025, is as follows:

| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Separate |  |  |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In millions)
Financing capacity: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 400.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 300.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 900.0 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility | 40.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 40.0 |
Total financing capacity | $ | 440.0 |  |  | $ | 200.0 |  |  | $ | 300.0 |  |  |  |  | $ | 940.0 |
Amounts outstanding as of February 14, 2025: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Revolving Credit Facility | $ | 184.3 |  |  | $ | 112.2 |  |  | $ | 144.7 |  |  |  |  | $ | 441.2 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility | 35.0 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 35.0 |
Letters of credit | — |  |  | — |  |  | 3.1 |  |  |  |  | 3.1 |
Total short-term debt and letters of credit | 219.3 |  |  | 112.2 |  |  | 147.8 |  |  |  |  | 479.3 |
Remaining availability as of February 14, 2025 | $ | 220.7 |  |  | $ | 87.8 |  |  | $ | 152.2 |  |  |  |  | $ | 460.7 |
Invested cash as of February 14, 2025 | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 0.9 |  |  |  |  | $ | 0.9 |

In addition to the above, TXNM has $30.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the WFB LOC Facility. The above table excludes intercompany debt. As of February 14, 2025, neither PNM nor TNMP had any intercompany borrowings outstanding from TXNM. As of February 14, 2025, TXNM had $1.5 million in intercompany borrowings outstanding from PNMR Development. The remaining availability under the revolving credit facilities at any point in time varies based on a number of factors, including the timing of collections of accounts receivables and payments for construction and operating expenditures.
TXNM has an automatic shelf registration that provides for the issuance of various types of debt and equity securities that expires in March 2025, and at or prior to such time, TXNM expects to file a new automatic shelf registration statement. PNM has a shelf registration statement for up to $650.0 million of SUNs that expires in May 2026.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements
TXNM has no off-balance sheet arrangements that have or are reasonably likely to have a current or future effect on its financial condition, changes in financial condition, revenues or expenses, results of operations, liquidity, capital expenditures or capital resources that are material to investors.
Contingent Provisions of Certain Obligations
TXNM, PNM, and TNMP have a number of debt obligations and other contractual commitments that contain contingent provisions. Some of these, if triggered, could affect the liquidity of the Company. In the unlikely event that the contingent requirements were to be triggered, TXNM, PNM, or TNMP could be required to provide security, immediately pay outstanding obligations, or be prevented from drawing on unused capacity under certain credit agreements. The most significant consequences resulting from these contingent requirements are detailed in the discussion below.
The TXNM Revolving Credit Facility, PNM Revolving Credit Facility, PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility contain “ratings triggers,” for pricing purposes only. If TXNM, PNM, or TNMP is downgraded or upgraded by the ratings agencies, the result would be an increase or decrease in interest cost. The TXNM facility requires that TXNM is to maintain a debt-to-capitalization ratio of less than or equal to 70%. The debt-to-capitalization ratio requirement remains at less than or equal to 65% for the PNM and TNMP facilities. If these ratios were exceeded, the entity could be required to repay all borrowings under its facility, be prevented from borrowing on the unused capacity under the facility and be required to provide collateral for all outstanding letters of credit issued under the facility.
PNM’s standard purchase agreement for the procurement of natural gas for its fuel needs contains a contingent requirement that could require PNM to provide collateral for its gas purchase obligations if the seller were to reasonably believe that PNM was unable to fulfill its payment obligations under the agreement.
The master agreement for the sale of electricity in the WSPP contains a contingent requirement that could require PNM to provide collateral if the credit ratings on its debt falls below investment grade. The WSPP agreement also contains a contingent requirement, commonly called a “material adverse change” provision, which could require PNM to provide collateral if a material adverse change in its financial condition or operations were to occur. Additionally, PNM utilizes standard derivative contracts to financially hedge and trade energy. These agreements contain contingent requirements that require PNM to provide security if the credit rating on its debt falls below investment grade. The Company believes its financing arrangements are sufficient to meet the requirements of the contingent provisions. No conditions have occurred that would result in any of the above contingent provisions being implemented.
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Capital Structure
The capitalization tables below include the current maturities of long-term debt, but do not include short-term debt and do not include operating lease obligations as debt.

| December 31,
TXNM | 2024 |  | 2023
TXNM common equity | 33.9 | % |  | 34.1 | %
Preferred stock of subsidiary | 0.2 |  |  | 0.2 |
Long-term debt 1 | 65.9 |  |  | 65.7 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
PNM |  |  |
PNM common equity | 46.4 | % |  | 46.2 | %
Preferred stock | 0.2 |  |  | 0.3 |
Long-term debt | 53.4 |  |  | 53.5 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %
TNMP |  |  |
Common equity | 48.3 | % |  | 49.5 | %
Long-term debt | 51.7 |  |  | 50.5 |
Total capitalization | 100.0 | % |  | 100.0 | %

1 TXNM’s long-term debt as of December 31, 2024 includes Convertible Notes (Note 7), which receive 50% equity credit from ratings organizations.
OTHER ISSUES FACING THE COMPANY
Climate Change Issues
Background
For the past several years, management has identified multiple risks and opportunities related to climate change, including the impacts of severe weather events, potential environmental regulation, technological innovation, and availability of fuel and water for operations, as among the most significant risks facing the Company. Accordingly, these risks are overseen by the Board in order to facilitate more integrated risk and strategy oversight and planning. Board oversight includes understanding the various challenges and opportunities presented by these risks, including the financial consequences that might result from enacted and potential federal and/or state regulation of GHG; plans to mitigate these risks; and the impacts these risks may have on the Company’s strategy. In addition, the Board approves certain procurements of grid modernization technologies and replacement resources.
Management is also responsible for assessing significant risks, developing and executing appropriate responses, and reporting to the Board on the status of risk activities. For example, management periodically updates the Board on the implementation of corporate environmental policy, and the Company’s environmental management systems, including the promotion of energy efficiency programs, and the use of renewable resources. The Board is also informed of the Company’s practices and procedures to assess the impacts of operations on the environment. The Board considers issues associated with climate change, the Company’s GHG exposures, and the financial consequences that might result from enacted and potential federal and/or state regulation of GHG. Management has published, with Board oversight, a Climate Change Report available at https://www.txnmenergy.com/sustainability/environment/climate_change_report that details the Company’s efforts to transition to a carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040.
As part of management’s continuing effort to monitor climate-related risks and assess opportunities, the Company has advanced its understanding of climate change by participating in the “2 Degree Scenario” planning by participating in the Electric Power Research Institute (“EPRI”) Understanding Climate Scenarios & Goal Setting Activities program. The program focused on characterizing and analyzing the relationship of individual electric utility company’s carbon emissions and global temperature goals. Activities included analyzing the scientific understanding of global emissions pathways that are consistent with limiting global warming and providing insight to assist companies in developing approaches to climate scenario planning. As PNM expands its sustainability efforts, EPRI’s environmental and climate analysis programs have also been useful in gaining a better understanding of energy and environmental policy and regulations, advanced clean energy technologies, decarbonization trends and climate impacts. In 2022, PNM joined EPRI’s Climate READi program which is a strategic initiative convening a global collaborative of electric utilities, thought leaders, scientific researchers and other key stakeholders to strengthen the power sector’s collective approach to managing climate risk to the power system. The program is a three-year initiative, through work across three concurrent workstreams, and PNM will benefit from the development of a first-of-its-kind comprehensive framework for managing physical climate risk and investment prioritization that is expected to be published in Spring 2025.
The Company cannot anticipate or predict the potential long-term effects of climate change or climate change related regulation on its results of operations, financial position, or cash flows.
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Greenhouse Gas Emissions Exposures
In 2024, GHG emissions associated with PNM’s interests in its fossil-fueled generating plants included approximately 1.5 million metric tons of CO 2, which comprises the vast majority of PNM’s GHG emissions.
As of December 31, 2024, approximately 28% of PNM’s generating capacity, including resources owned, leased, under PPAs or ESAs, all of which is located within the U.S., consisted of coal or gas-fired generation that produces GHG emissions. As PNM shifts its generation to cleaner energy resources, the Company’s output of GHG emissions continues to decrease. Many factors affect the amount of GHG emitted, including total electricity sales, plant performance, economic dispatch, and the availability of renewable resources. For example, wind generation performance from PNM’s largest single renewable energy resource, New Mexico Wind, varies each year as a result of highly seasonal wind patterns and annual wind resource variability. Similarly, if PVNGS experienced prolonged outages or if PNM’s entitlement from PVNGS were reduced, PNM might be required to utilize other power supply resources such as gas-fired generation, which could increase GHG emissions.
PNM has several programs underway to reduce or offset GHG emissions from its generation resource portfolio, thereby reducing its exposure to climate change regulation. PNM shut down SJGS Units 2 and 3 as part of its strategy to address the regional haze requirements of the CAA. The shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 resulted in a reduction of GHG emissions for the entire station of approximately 54% for 2018, reflecting a reduction of 32% of GHG emissions from the Company’s owned interests in SJGS, below 2005 levels. PNM shut down the remaining SJGS Units 1 and 4 on June 30, 2022, and September 30, 2022, respectively, resulting in additional reductions of GHG emissions. Retiring PNM’s share of SJGS in 2022 resulted in a GHG emissions reduction from 2021 levels of 67% of PNM’s GHG emissions based upon 2021 GHG emissions from generation.
PNM’s utility-owned solar and energy storage capacity, as well as solar, energy storage, wind, and geothermal procurements in service as of December 31, 2024 have a total net generation capacity of 2,779 MW. The NMPRC has approved plans for PNM to procure energy and RECs from additional resources to serve retail customers and a data center located in PNM’s service territory. PNM’s approved resource plans have a generation capacity of 910 MW and are expected to be in service by summer of 2026. This includes approximately 310 MW of capacity under the Community Solar Act which will allow PNM to provide customers the option of accessing solar energy. In addition, PNM has filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2028 summer peak, which are necessary for PNM to meet forecasted peak load requirements to serve its customers and to continue progress towards a carbon-free generating portfolio. These estimates are subject to change due to underlying variables, including changes in PNM’s generation portfolio, supplier’s ability to meet contractual in-service dates and complex relationships between several factors. See additional discussion of these resources in Notes 16 and 17.
PNM also has a customer distributed solar generation program that represented 308.5 MW at December 31, 2024. PNM’s distributed solar programs will generate an estimated 617.0 GWh of emission-free solar energy available this year to offset PNM’s annual production from fossil-fueled electricity generation. PNM has offered its customers a comprehensive portfolio of energy efficiency and load management programs since 2007. PNM’s cumulative savings from these programs were an estimated 8,227 GWh of electricity through 2024. Over the next 20 years, PNM projects energy efficiency and load management programs will provide the equivalent of approximately 12,900 GWh of electricity savings, which will avoid approximately 220,000 tons of CO 2 based upon projected emissions from PNM’s portfolio of resources. These estimates are subject to change because of the uncertainty of many of the underlying variables, including changes in PNM’s generation portfolio, demand for electricity, energy efficiency, and complex relationships between those variables.
Because of PNM’s dependence on fossil-fueled generation, legislation or regulation that imposes a limit or cost on GHG could impact the cost at which electricity is produced. While PNM expects to recover any such costs through rates, the timing and outcome of proceedings for cost recovery are uncertain. In addition, to the extent that any additional costs are recovered through rates, customers may reduce their usage, relocate facilities to other areas with lower energy costs, or take other actions that ultimately could adversely impact PNM.
Other Climate Change Risks
PNM’s generating stations are located in the arid southwest. Access to water for cooling for some of these facilities is critical to continued operations. Forecasts for the impacts of climate change on water supply in the southwest range from reduced precipitation to changes in the timing of precipitation. In either case, PNM’s generating facilities requiring water for cooling will need to mitigate the impacts of climate change through adaptive measures. Current measures employed by PNM generating stations include the use of sustainable, less variable groundwater supplies and investments in technologies such as air cooling and cooling water recycling. These types of actions will continue to be important to sustain operations.
PNM’s service areas occasionally experience periodic high winds and severe thunderstorms. TNMP has operations in the Gulf Coast area of Texas, which experiences periodic hurricanes and other extreme weather conditions. In addition to potentially causing physical damage to Company-owned facilities, which disrupts the ability to transmit and/or distribute
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energy, weather and other events of nature can temporarily reduce customers’ usage and demand for energy. In addition, other events influenced by climate change, such as wildfires, could disrupt Company operations or result in third-party claims against the Company. PNM has enhanced its wildfire prevention efforts and maintains a wildfire mitigation plan and a public safety power shutoff plan. TNMP has also developed a wildfire mitigation plan. However, both PNM and TNMP remain at risk for wildfires outside of their control and the resulting damages in their service areas.
EPA Regulation
In 2007, the US Supreme Court held that EPA has the authority to regulate GHG emissions under the CAA, and in 2009, EPA released its endangerment finding for GHG from new motor vehicles, stating that the atmospheric concentrations of six key greenhouse gases (CO 2, methane, nitrous oxides, hydrofluorocarbons, perfluorocarbons, and sulfur hexafluoride) endanger the public health and welfare. These actions triggered new GHG permitting requirements for stationary sources, including the energy industry, under the Prevention of Significant Deterioration (“PSD”) and Title V program, although the US Supreme Court held the CAA does not authorize EPA to require a source to obtain a PSD permit solely on the basis of its potential GHG emissions.
EPA also determined that its finding of endangerment requires it to issue performance standards under Section 111 of the CAA to regulate GHG emissions from new and existing stationary sources, including fossil fuel fired electric generating units. Accordingly, in 2015, EPA issued Carbon Pollution Standards for new, modified, and reconstructed power plants (under Section 111(b)) and the Clean Power Plan for existing power plants (under Section 111(d)).
EPA’s Carbon Pollution Standards for new sources (those constructed after January 8, 2014) established separate standards for gas and coal-fired units deemed achievable through the application of what EPA determined to be the BSER demonstrated for each type of unit: efficient natural gas combined cycle technology for gas units, and partial carbon capture and sequestration for coal units. The Clean Power Plan established numeric “emission standards” for existing electric generating units based on emission reduction opportunities that EPA deemed achievable using technical assumptions for three “building blocks”: efficiency improvements at coal-fired EGUs, displacement of affected EGUs with renewable energy, and displacement of coal-fired generation with natural gas-fired generation. EPA used those “emission standards” to set state emission reduction goals that formed the basis of a trading program that relied on “generation shifting” to reduce emissions from the power sector as a whole.
Multiple states, utilities, and trade groups challenged both the Carbon Pollution Standards for new sources and the Clean Power Plan for existing sources in separate cases, and the challengers successfully petitioned the US Supreme Court for a stay of the Clean Power Plan. However, before the DC Circuit could issue an opinion regarding either the Carbon Pollution Standards or the Clean Power Plan, President Trump took office in 2017, and his administration asked the court to hold both cases in abeyance while the rules were re-evaluated, which the court granted.
In 2019, EPA repealed the Clean Power Plan, promulgated the ACE Rule, and revised the implementing regulations for all emission guidelines issued under CAA Section 111(d). EPA set the BSER for existing coal-fired power plants as heat rate efficiency improvements based on a range of “candidate technologies” to be applied inside the fence-line of an individual facility. The ACE Rule was also challenged, and on January 19, 2021, the DC Circuit issued an opinion in American Lung Association and American Public Health Association v. EPA, et al. vacating the ACE Rule. While the D.C. Circuit rejected the ACE Rule, it did not reinstate the Clean Power Plan. Rather, the DC Circuit granted an EPA motion asking the court to withhold issuance of the mandate with respect to the repeal of the Clean Power Plan until EPA responds to the court’s remand in a new rulemaking action.
Numerous parties sought review by the US Supreme Court, and on June 30, 2022, the Court held that the “generation shifting” approach in the Clean Power Plan exceeded the powers granted to EPA by Congress, though the Court did not address the related issue of whether Section 111 of the CAA only authorizes EPA to require measures that can be implemented entirely within the fence line at an individual source. Of broader significance in administrative law, the Court’s opinion expressly invoked the major questions doctrine, which requires rules involving issues of “vast economic or political significance” to be supported by clear statutory authorization. In cases where there is no clear statement of authority, courts need not defer to the agency’s statutory interpretation on “major questions.” The decision sets legal precedent for future rulemakings by EPA and other federal regulatory agencies whereby the agency’s authority may be limited based upon similar reasoning.
The litigation over the Carbon Pollution Standards remains held in abeyance but could be reactivated by the parties upon a determination by the court that reconsideration of the rule has concluded.
In 2023, EPA published in the Federal Register proposed regulatory actions under CAA sections 111(b) and (d) to replace the Clean Power Plan and the ACE Rule and finalized the rules on May 9, 2024. The final rules include revised new source performance standards under Section 111(b) for all new natural gas-fired combustion turbines and emission guidelines under Section 111(d) requiring states to develop standards of performance for GHG emissions from existing fossil-fuel-fired electric steam generating units. In the final rules, EPA determined that the standards for existing coal- or gas-fired steam generating units must be based on the use of either Carbon Capture Storage (“CCS”) (long-term), natural gas co-firing
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(medium-term), or exempt from the rule via early retirement. The standards for new combustion turbines must be based on CCS (base load), efficient simple cycle design (intermediate load), or lower-emitting fuels (low load). Over a dozen states, several industry groups, and some power companies and labor unions have filed challenges to the rule at the DC Circuit. The DC Circuit heard oral arguments on December 6, 2024 but, on February 5, 2024, the Department of Justice filed a motion asking the DC Circuit to hold the litigation in abeyance while new EPA leadership reviews the rule and decides how to proceed, which indicates the new Trump Administration may not defend the rule in court. On February 19, 2025, the DC Circuit granted EPA’s request for a 60-day abeyance of challenges to the rules.
On March 26, 2024, EPA announced it was opening a non-regulatory docket and issued framing questions to gather input about ways to design a stronger, more durable approach to GHG regulation of existing gas combustion turbines. The docket was open for public comment from March 26 to May 28, 2024 and the agency held a policy forum to bring shareholders together to share ideas with EPA and others. Under the new Trump Administration, the agency is unlikely to propose a rule based on this non-regulatory docket.
On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order entitled “Unleashing American Energy” directing all agencies, including EPA, to review all agency actions and suspend, revise, or rescind those identified as imposing an undue burden on domestic energy resources. The order also disbands the Interagency Working Group on the Social Cost of Greenhouse Gases (“IWG”), eliminates the “social cost of carbon” from consideration in any Federal permitting or regulatory decision, and expressly directs EPA to submit joint recommendations on the legality and continuing applicability of the 2009 endangerment finding for greenhouse gases that currently provides the legal basis for EPA to regulate greenhouse gases under the Clean Air Act.
Federal Legislation
In 2022, President Biden signed the IRA providing nearly $370 billion in climate action over the next decade. The legislation is aimed at reducing carbon emissions by investing in a variety of efforts, including tax credits for renewables, energy storage, carbon capture, and electric vehicle sales. The future of the IRA is uncertain under the new Trump Administration, given the control of both house of Congress by the Republican Party led by President Trump, and no other Federal legislation on climate change is expected during this Congress.
State and Regional Activity
Pursuant to New Mexico law, each utility must submit an IRP to the NMPRC every three years to evaluate renewable energy, energy efficiency, load management, distributed generation, and conventional supply-side resources on a consistent and comparable basis. The IRP is required to take into consideration risk and uncertainty of fuel supply, price volatility, and costs of anticipated environmental regulations when evaluating resource options to meet supply needs of the utility’s customers. The NMPRC requires that New Mexico utilities factor a standardized cost of carbon emissions into their IRPs using prices ranging between $8 and $40 per metric ton of CO 2 emitted and escalating these costs by 2.5% per year. Under the NMPRC order, each utility must analyze these standardized prices as projected operating costs. Reflecting the evolving nature of this issue, the NMPRC order states that these prices may be changed in the future to account for additional information or changed circumstances. Although these prices may not reflect the costs that ultimately will be incurred, PNM is required to use these prices for purposes of its IRP. PNM’s 2023 filing has a continued focus on a carbon-free energy system by 2040. The plan highlights the need for the significant sustained addition of resources over the next two decades, replacing retiring or expiring capacity, meeting concurrent load growth, while reducing the carbon intensity of PNM’s portfolio. See Note 17.
The ETA, among other things, requires that investor-owned utilities obtain specified percentages of their energy from renewable and carbon-free resources. The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. Under the ETA provisions, PNM will also be required to meet a generation emission standard of no more than 400 lbs. of CO 2 per MWh beginning in 2023 and not more than 200 lbs. per MWh beginning in 2032. PNM takes this requirement into account in its resource planning and will manage compliance with the standards based upon existing generation resources and approved resource retirements and replacements. The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fuel generating resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources by allowing investor-owned utilities to issue Securitized Bonds related to the retirement of coal-fired generating facilities to qualified investors. See additional discussion of the ETA in Note 16.
The ETA has a significant impact on PNM’s future generation portfolio. In 2022, in compliance with the ETA, the NMED announced a new rulemaking, Carbon Dioxide Emission Standards for Electric Generating Facilities, to develop carbon emission standards for new and existing electric coal-fired generating facilities. In 2022, the rule was passed which adopts new carbon emission standards for new and existing coal-fired power plants.
In 2020, the NMPRC approved PNM’s San Juan abandonment application and for the issuance of Securitized Bonds consistent with the requirements of the ETA and in 2023 PNM issued the ETBC I Securitized Bonds. PNM cannot predict the full impact of the ETA with respect to Four Corners. See additional discussion of PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application in Note 17.
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International Accords
The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (“UNFCCC”) is an international environmental treaty that was negotiated at the 1992 United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (informally known as the Earth Summit) and entered into force in March 1994. The objective of the treaty is to “stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations in the atmosphere at a level that would prevent dangerous anthropogenic interference with the climate system.” Parties to the UNFCCC, including the U.S., have been meeting annually in Conferences of the Parties (“COP”) to assess progress in meeting the objectives of the UNFCCC.
In 2015, the Paris Agreement was finalized during the 2015 COP. The aim of the Paris Agreement is to limit global temperature rise to two degrees Celsius above pre-industrial levels. The agreement, which was agreed to by approximately 200 parties, requires that countries submit INDCs. INDCs reflect national targets and actions that arise out of national policies and elements relating to oversight, guidance and coordination of actions to reduce emissions by all countries. In November 2014, then President Obama announced the United States’ commitment to reduce GHG, on an economy-wide basis, by 26%-28% from 2005 levels by the year 2025. The U.S. INDC was part of an overall effort by the former administration to have the U.S. achieve economy-wide reductions of around 80% by 2050. The former administration’s GHG reduction target for the electric utility industry was a key element of its INDC and was based on EPA’s GHG regulations for new, existing, and modified and reconstructed sources at that time. Thresholds for the number of countries necessary to ratify or accede to the Paris Agreement and total global GHG percentage were achieved on October 5, 2016 and the Paris Agreement entered into force on November 4, 2016. In 2017, President Trump announced that the U.S. would withdraw from the Paris Agreement. As a result of the President’s notice to the United Nations, the U.S. officially withdrew from the Paris Agreement on November 4, 2020. On January 20, 2021, President Biden signed an instrument that will allow the U.S. to rejoin the Paris Agreement on Climate Change. The instrument was deposited with the United Nations on January 21, 2021, and the U.S. officially became a party to the Agreement on February 19, 2021. On January 20, 2025, President Trump signed an executive order entitled “Putting America First in International Environmental Agreements,” directing the United States Ambassador to the United Nations to immediately submit formal written notification of the United States’ withdrawal from the Paris Agreement and any other agreement, pact, accord, or similar commitment made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
PNM has calculated GHG reductions that would result from scenarios that capture PNM’s retirement of its share of the SJGS in 2022 and assume exiting Four Corners in 2031 and PNM has set a goal to have a 100% carbon-free generating portfolio by 2040. While the Company has not conducted an independent 2 Degree Scenario analysis, our commitment to becoming 100% carbon-free by 2040 produces a carbon emissions reduction pathway that tracks within the ranges of climate scenario pathways that are consistent with limiting the global warming average to less than 2 degrees Celsius. In addition, as an investor-owned utility operating in the state of New Mexico, PNM is required to comply with the ETA, which requires utilities’ generating portfolio be 100% carbon-free by 2045. The requirements of the ETA and the Company’s goal compare favorably to the U.S. INDC of 50% to 52% carbon emissions reduction by 2030 and the Biden Administration’s goal of net-zero carbon emissions economy-wide by 2050. On April 1, 2020, the NMPRC approved PNM’s application to retire its share of SJGS in 2022. See Note 17.
PNM will continue to monitor the United States’ move to withdraw from the Paris Agreement and other parties’ involvement in these types of international accords, but the potential impact that such accords may have on the Company cannot be determined at this time.
Assessment of Legislative/Regulatory Impacts
The Company has assessed, and continues to assess, the impacts of climate change legislation and regulation on its business. This assessment is ongoing and future changes arising out of the legislative or regulatory process could impact the assessment significantly. PNM’s assessment includes assumptions regarding specific GHG limits; the timing of implementation of these limits; the possibility of a market-based trading program, including the associated costs and the availability of emission credits or allowances; the development of emission reduction and/or renewable energy technologies; and provisions for cost containment. Moreover, the assessment assumes various market reactions such as the price of coal and gas and regional plant economics. These assumptions are, at best, preliminary and speculative. However, based upon these assumptions, the enactment of climate change legislation or regulation could, among other things, result in significant compliance costs, including large capital expenditures by PNM, and could jeopardize the Company’s reputation as well as the economic viability of certain generating facilities. See Notes 16 and 17. The ultimate consequences of increased stakeholder scrutiny related to climate change and environmental regulation could lead to increased costs to customers and affect results of operations, cash flows, and financial condition if the incurred costs are not fully recovered through regulated rates. Higher rates could also contribute to reduced usage of electricity. PNM’s assessment process is evolving and is too speculative at this time for a meaningful prediction of the long-term financial impact.
Transmission Issues
At any given time, FERC has various notices of inquiry and rulemaking dockets related to transmission issues pending. Such actions may lead to changes in FERC administrative rules or ratemaking policy but have no time frame in which action must be taken or a docket closed with no further action. Further, such notices and rulemaking dockets do not apply strictly to
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PNM but will have industry-wide effects in that they will apply to all FERC-regulated entities. PNM monitors and often submits comments taking a position in such notices and rulemaking dockets or may join in larger group responses. PNM often cannot determine the full impact of a proposed rule and policy change until the final determination is made by FERC and PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters.
Other Matters
See Notes 16 and 17 for a discussion of commitments and contingencies and rate and regulatory matters.
CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND ESTIMATES
The preparation of financial statements in accordance with GAAP requires management to apply accounting policies and to make estimates and judgments that best provide the framework to report the results of operations and financial position for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. As a result, there exists the likelihood that materially different amounts would be reported under different conditions or using different assumptions. Management has identified the following accounting policies that it deems critical to the portrayal of the financial condition and results of operations and that involve significant subjectivity. The following discussion provides information on the processes utilized by management in making judgments and assumptions as they apply to its critical accounting policies.
Regulatory Accounting
The Company is subject to the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises and records assets and liabilities resulting from the effects of the ratemaking process, which would not be recorded under GAAP for non-regulated entities. Additional information concerning regulatory assets and liabilities is contained in Note 13.
The Company continually evaluates the probability that regulatory assets and liabilities will impact future rates and makes various assumptions in those analyses. The expectations of future rate impacts are generally based on orders issued by regulatory commissions or historical experience, as well as discussions with applicable regulatory authorities. If future recovery or refund ceases to be probable, the Company would be required to write-off the portion that is not recoverable or refundable in current period earnings.
The Company has made adjustments to regulatory assets and liabilities that affected its results of operations in the past due to changes in various factors and conditions impacting future cost recovery. Based on its current evaluation, the Company believes that future recovery of its regulatory assets is probable.
Impairments
Tangible long-lived assets are evaluated for impairment when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired. These potential impairment indicators include management’s assessment of fluctuating market conditions as a result of planned and scheduled customer purchase commitments; future market penetration; changing environmental requirements; fluctuating market prices resulting from factors including changing fuel costs and other economic conditions; long-term weather patterns; and other market trends. The amount of impairment recognized, if any, is the difference between the fair value of the asset and the carrying value of the asset and would reduce both the asset and current period earnings. Variations in the assessment of potential impairment or in the assumptions used to calculate an impairment could result in different outcomes, which could lead to significant effects on the Consolidated Financial Statements. See Notes 16 and 17.
Goodwill is evaluated for impairment at least annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. Impairment testing may be performed based on either a qualitative analysis or quantitative analysis. Note 19 contains information on the impairment testing performed by the Company on goodwill. For 2024, the Company utilized a quantitative analysis for the PNM reporting unit and a qualitative analysis for the TNMP reporting unit. No impairments were indicated in the Company’s annual goodwill testing, which was performed as of April 1, 2024. Since the annual evaluation, there have been no indications that the fair values of the reporting units with recorded goodwill have decreased below the carrying values. The annual testing was based on certain critical estimates and assumptions. Changes in the estimates or the use of different assumptions could affect the determination of fair value and the conclusion of impairment for each reporting unit.
Application of the qualitative goodwill impairment test requires evaluating various events and circumstances to determine whether it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. As a part of the Company’s goodwill qualitative testing process for a reporting unit, various factors that are specific to that reporting unit as well as industry and macroeconomic factors are evaluated in order to determine whether these factors are reasonably likely to have a material impact on the fair value of the reporting unit. Examples of the factors that were considered in the qualitative testing of the goodwill include the results of the most recent quantitative impairment test, current and long-term forecasted financial results, regulatory environment, credit rating, changes in the interest rate environment, and operating strategy for the reporting unit.
Based on the analysis performed for the PNM and TNMP reporting units in 2024, the Company concluded that there were no changes that were reasonably likely to cause the fair value of the reporting units to be less than their carrying value and determined that there was no impairment of goodwill. Although the Company believes all relevant factors were considered in
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the qualitative impairment analysis to reach the conclusion that goodwill is not impaired, significant changes in any one of the assumptions could produce a significantly different result potentially leading to the recording of an impairment that could have significant impacts on the results of operations and financial position of the Company.
Decommissioning and Reclamation Costs
PNM is only required to recognize and measure decommissioning liabilities for tangible long-lived assets for which a legal obligation exists. Accounting for decommissioning costs for nuclear and fossil-fuel generation involves significant estimates related to costs to be incurred many years in the future after plant closure. Decommissioning costs are based on site-specific estimates, which are updated periodically and involve numerous judgments and assumptions, including estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. Changes in these estimates could significantly impact TXNM’s and PNM’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. Nuclear decommissioning costs are based on estimates of the costs for removing all radioactive and other structures at PVNGS. AROs, including nuclear decommissioning costs, are discussed in Note 15. Nuclear decommissioning costs represent approximately 76% of PNM’s ARO liability. A 10% increase in the estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels would have increased the ARO liability by $15.0 million at December 31, 2024. PNM recognizes an expense and a corresponding liability for ultimate decommissioning of PVNGS. See Note 17 for information concerning NMPRC’s order to address the recovery of decommissioning costs in a future proceeding.
In connection with both the SJGS coal agreement and the Four Corners fuel agreement, the owners and former owners are required to reimburse the mining companies for the cost of contemporaneous reclamation, as well as the costs for final reclamation of the coal mines. The reclamation costs are based on periodic site-specific studies that estimate the costs to be incurred in the future and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. A 10% increase in the estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels would have increased the mine reclamation liability by $16.8 million at December 31, 2024. PNM considers the contemporaneous reclamation costs part of the cost of its delivered coal costs. The NMPRC has capped the amount that can be collected from ratepayers for final reclamation of the surface mines. If future estimates increase the liability for surface mine reclamation, the excess would be expensed at that time. See Note 16 for discussion of reclamation costs.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
The Company maintains qualified defined benefit pension plans, postretirement benefit plans providing medical and dental benefits, and executive retirement programs. The net periodic benefit cost or income and the calculation of the projected benefit obligations are recognized in the Company’s financial statements and depend on expected investment performance, the level of contributions made to the plans, and employee demographics. These calculations require the use of a number of actuarial assumptions and estimates. The most critical of the actuarial assumptions are the expected long-term rate of return, the discount rate, and projected health care cost trend rates. The Company reviews and evaluates its actuarial assumptions annually and adjusts them as necessary. Changes in the pension and OPEB assets and liabilities associated with these factors are not immediately recognized as net periodic benefit cost or income in results of operations, but are recognized in future years, generally, over the remaining life of the plan. However, these factors could have a significant impact on the financial position of the Company. Note 11 contains additional information about pension and OPEB obligations, including assumptions utilized in the calculations and impacts of changes in certain of those assumptions.
Accounting for Contingencies
The financial results of the Company may be affected by judgments and estimates related to loss contingencies. Contingencies related to litigation and claims, as well as environmental and regulatory matters, also require the use of significant judgment and estimation. The Company attempts to take into account all known factors regarding the future outcome of contingent events and records an accrual for any contingent loss events that are both probable of occurring and can be reasonably estimated based upon current available information. However, the actual outcomes can vary from any amounts accrued which could have a material effect on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. See Note 16 and Note 17.
Income Taxes
The Company’s income tax expense and related balance sheet amounts involve significant judgment and use of estimates. Amounts of deferred income tax assets and liabilities, current and noncurrent accruals, and determination of uncertain tax positions involve judgment and estimates related to timing and probability of the recognition of income and deductions by taxing authorities. In addition, some temporary differences are accorded flow-through treatment by the Company’s regulators and impact the Company’s effective tax rate. In assessing the likelihood of the realization of deferred tax assets, management considers the estimated amount and character of future taxable income. Significant changes in these judgments and estimates could have a material impact on the results of operations and financial position of the Company. Actual income taxes could vary from estimated amounts due to the future impacts of various items, including changes in income tax laws, the Company’s forecasted financial condition and results of operations in future periods, and the final review from taxing authorities. See Note 18.
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MD&A FOR PNM
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
PNM operates in only one reportable segment, as presented above in Results of Operations for TXNM.
MD&A FOR TNMP
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
TNMP operates in only one reportable segment, as presented above in Results of Operations for TXNM.
ITEM 7A.QUANTITATIVE AND QUALITATIVE DISCLOSURES ABOUT MARKET RISK
The Company manages the scope of its various forms of market risk through a comprehensive set of policies and procedures with oversight by senior level management through the Risk Management Committee (“RMC”). The Board’s Finance Committee sets the risk limit parameters. The RMC has oversight over the risk control organization. The RMC is assigned responsibility for establishing and enforcing the policies, procedures, and limits and evaluating the risks inherent in proposed transactions on an enterprise-wide basis.
The RMC’s responsibilities include:
• Establishing policies regarding risk tolerance levels and activities in each of the business segments
• Approving new types of derivatives entered into for marketing and hedging
• Reviewing and approving hedging risk activities
• Establishing policies regarding counterparty credit exposure and limits
• Authorizing and delegating transaction limits
• Reviewing and approving controls and procedures for derivative activities
• Reviewing and approving models and assumptions used to calculate mark-to-market and market risk exposure
• Proposing risk limits to the Board’s Finance Committee for its approval
• Reporting to the Board’s Audit and Finance Committees on these activities
To the extent an open position exists, fluctuating commodity prices, interest rates, equity prices, and economic conditions can impact financial results and financial position, either favorably or unfavorably. As a result, the Company cannot predict with certainty the impact that its risk management decisions may have on its businesses, operating results, or financial position.
Commodity Risk
Information concerning accounting for derivatives and the risks associated with commodity contracts is set forth in Note 9, including a summary of the fair values of mark-to-market energy related derivative contracts included in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the Company had no commodity derivative instruments designated as cash flow hedging instruments.
Commodity contracts that meet the definition of a derivative, are recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. During the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, the effects of mark-to-market commodity derivative instruments had no impact to PNM’s net earnings and $6.6 million of fair value losses and $10.2 million of fair value gains have been recorded as a regulatory asset and a regulatory liability. All of the fair values as of December 31, 2024 were determined based on prices provided by external sources other than actively quoted market prices. The net mark-to-market amounts will settle by the end of 2025.
PNM may be exposed to changes in the market prices of electricity and natural gas for the positions in its wholesale portfolio not covered by the FPPAC. The Company manages risks associated with these market fluctuations by utilizing various commodity instruments that may qualify as derivatives, including futures, forwards, options, and swaps. PNM uses such instruments to hedge its exposure to changes in the market prices of electricity and natural gas. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC.
Credit Risk
The Company is exposed to credit risk from its retail and wholesale customers, as well as the counterparties to derivative instruments. The Company conducts counterparty risk analysis across business segments and uses a credit management process to assess the financial conditions of counterparties.
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The following table provides information related to credit exposure by the credit worthiness (credit rating) and concentration of credit risk for wholesale counterparties, all of which will mature in less than two years.
Schedule of Credit Risk Exposure
December 31, 2024

Rating (1) |  | Credit Risk Exposure (2) |  | Number of Counter-parties >10% |  | Net Exposure of Counter-parties >10%
|  | (Dollars in thousands)
External ratings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | $ | 3,993 |  |  | 1 |  |  | $ | 3,641 |
Non-investment grade |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Split ratings |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Internal ratings: |  |  |  |  |  |
Investment grade |  | 359 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Non-investment grade |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Total |  | $ | 4,352 |  |  |  |  | $ | 3,641 |

(1)The rating “Investment Grade” is for counterparties, or a guarantor, with a minimum S&P rating of BBB- or Moody’s rating of Baa3. The category “Internal Ratings – Investment Grade” includes those counterparties that are internally rated as investment grade in accordance with the guidelines established in the Company’s credit policy.
(2)The Credit Risk Exposure is the gross credit exposure, including long-term contracts, forward sales, and short-term sales. The gross exposure captures the amounts from receivables/payables for realized transactions, delivered and unbilled revenues, and mark-to-market gains/losses. Gross exposures can be offset according to legally enforceable netting arrangements but are not reduced by posted credit collateral. At December 31, 2024, TXNM held zero of cash collateral to offset its credit exposure.
Net credit risk for the Company’s largest counterparty as of December 31, 2024 was $3.6 million.
Other investments have no significant counterparty credit risk.
Interest Rate Risk
The majority of PNM’s and TNMP’s long-term debt is fixed-rate debt, which does not expose earnings to adverse changes in market interest rates. PNM and TNMP earnings are exposed to adverse changes in market interest rates when long-term debt must be refinanced, repriced or redeemed. TXNM’s debt and the revolving credit facilities of PNM and TNMP are exposed to interest rate risk to the extent variable interest rates continue to rise. The Company periodically makes plans to reduce its variable interest rate exposures through various instruments including fixed rate debt and equity and hedging arrangements like those executed by TXNM in 2022 and 2023, and otherwise expects that it will be able to extend or replace variable rate debt under similar terms and conditions prior to their expirations. Variable interest rates under the TXNM, PNM, and TNMP revolving credit facilities and term loans are based on SOFR.
At February 14, 2025, variable rate debt balances and weighted average interest rates were as follows:

Variable Rate Debt |  | Weighted Average Interest Rate |  | Balance Outstanding |  | Capacity
|  |  |  | (In thousands)
Short-term Debt: |  |  |
TXNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | 5.91 | % |  | $ | 144,700 |  |  | $ | 300,000 |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | 5.67 |  |  | 184,300 |  |  | 400,000 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 5.66 |  |  | 35,000 |  |  | 40,000 |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 5.29 |  |  | 112,200 |  |  | 200,000 |
|  |  |  | $ | 476,200 |  |  | $ | 940,000 |
Long-term Debt: |  |  |  |  |  |
TXNM 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan |  | 5.36 | % |  | $ | 51,000 |  |  |
TXNM 2023 Term Loan |  | 5.76 |  |  | 410,000 |  |  |
PNM 2024 Term Loan |  | 5.31 |  |  | 200,000 |  |  |
PNM 2025 Term Loan |  | 5.30 |  |  | 195,000 |  |  |
|  |  |  | $ | 856,000 |  |  |

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The investments held by PNM in trusts for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other post-employment benefits had an estimated fair value of $925.3 million at December 31, 2024, of which 18.5% were fixed-rate debt securities that subject PNM to risk of loss of fair value with increases in market interest rates. If interest rates were to increase by 50 basis points from their levels at December 31, 2024, the decrease in the fair value of the fixed-rate securities would be 5.5%, or $9.4 million. The securities held by TNMP in trusts for pension and other post-employment benefits had an estimated fair value of $45.7 million at December 31, 2024, of which 47.5% were fixed-rate debt securities that subject TNMP to risk of loss of fair value with movements in market interest rates. If interest rates were to increase by 50 basis points from their levels at December 31, 2024, the decrease in the fair value of the fixed-rate securities would be 5.1%, or $1.1 million.
PNM and TNMP do not directly recover or return through rates any losses or gains on the securities, including equity and alternative investments discussed below, in the trusts for decommissioning, reclamation, pension benefits, and other post-employment benefits. However, the overall performance of these trusts does enter into the periodic determinations of expense and funding levels, which are factored into the rate making process to the extent applicable to regulated operations. PNM and TNMP are at risk for shortfalls in funding of obligations due to investment losses, including those from the equity market and alternatives investment risks discussed below, to the extent not ultimately recovered through rates charged to customers.
Equity Market Risk
The investments held by PNM in trusts for decommissioning and reclamation and trusts established for PNM’s and TNMP’s pension and post-employment benefits plans include certain equity securities at December 31, 2024. These equity securities expose PNM and TNMP to losses in fair value should the market values of the underlying securities decline. Equity securities comprised 55.4% and 35.7% of the securities held by the various PNM and TNMP trusts as of December 31, 2024. A hypothetical 10% decrease in equity prices would reduce the fair values of these funds by $51.2 million for PNM and $1.6 million for TNMP.
Alternatives Investment Risk
As of December 31, 2024, PNM and TNMP had 8.9% and 10.6% of its pension assets invested in the alternative asset class. Alternative investments include investments in hedge funds, real estate funds, and private equity funds. The hedge funds and private equity funds are limited partner structures that are structured as multi-manager multi-strategy fund of funds to achieve a diversified position in these asset classes. The general partner oversees the selection and monitoring of the underlying managers. The hedge funds pursue various absolute return strategies such as relative value, long-short equity, and event driven. Private equity fund strategies include mezzanine financing, buy-outs, and venture capital. The real estate investments are commingled real estate portfolios that invest in a diversified portfolio of assets including commercial property and multi-family housing. The Company’s Corporate Investment Committee, assisted by its investment consultants, monitors the performance of the funds and general partner’s investments process. There is risk associated with these funds due to the nature of the strategies and techniques and the use of investments that do not have readily determinable fair values. A hypothetical 10% decrease in equity prices would reduce the fair values of these funds by $8.2 million for PNM and $0.5 million for TNMP.
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ITEM 8.FINANCIAL STATEMENTS AND SUPPLEMENTARY DATA
TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
INDEX

|  | Page
Management’s Annual Reports on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting |  | 2
Reports of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm (PCAOB ID 185) |  | 5
Financial Statements: |  |
TXNM Energy, Inc. and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 11
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 12
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 13
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 15
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |  | 17
Public Service Company of New Mexico and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 18
Consolidated Statements of Comprehensive Income |  | 19
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 20
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 22
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Equity |  | 24
Texas-New Mexico Power Company and Subsidiaries |  |
Consolidated Statements of Earnings |  | 25
Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |  | 26
Consolidated Balance Sheets |  | 28
Consolidated Statements of Changes in Common Stockholder’s Equity |  | 30
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements |  | 31
Supplementary Data: |  |
Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company |  | 112
Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts |  | 115

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of TXNM Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (“TXNM”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of TXNM’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that TXNM’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.
The effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of and for the year ended December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their audit report which is included herein.

/s/ Patricia K. Collawn
Patricia K. Collawn,
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Public Service Company of New Mexico and subsidiaries (“PNM”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of PNM’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that PNM’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.

/s/ Joseph D. Tarry
Joseph D. Tarry,
President and Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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MANAGEMENT’S ANNUAL REPORT ON INTERNAL CONTROL OVER FINANCIAL REPORTING
Management of Texas-New Mexico Power Company and subsidiaries (“TNMP”) is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting as defined in Rule 13a-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.
Management assessed the effectiveness of TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting based on the Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) set forth by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on the assessment performed, management concludes that TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 31, 2024.

/s/ Joseph D. Tarry
Joseph D. Tarry,
Chief Executive Officer
/s/ Elisabeth A. Eden
Elisabeth A. Eden,
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
TXNM Energy, Inc.:
Opinions on the Consolidated Financial Statements and Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of TXNM Energy, Inc. and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule I - Condensed Financial Information of Parent Company and Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). We also have audited the Company’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024, based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also in our opinion, the Company maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 based on criteria established in Internal Control – Integrated Framework (2013) issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission.
Basis for Opinions
The Company’s management is responsible for these consolidated financial statements, for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting, included in the accompanying Management's Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s consolidated financial statements and an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audits to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud, and whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects.
Our audits of the consolidated financial statements included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. Our audit of internal control over financial reporting included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, and testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk. Our audits also included performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinions.
Definition and Limitations of Internal Control Over Financial Reporting
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the
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company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission, Public Utility Commission of Texas, and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities in each of the relevant jurisdictions.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in each jurisdiction and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in the relevant jurisdiction by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the respective regulators. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the relevant regulatory commissions, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
New York, New York
February 28, 2025
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholders and Board of Directors
Public Service Company of New Mexico:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Public Service Company of New Mexico and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of earnings, comprehensive income, changes in equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the New Mexico Public Regulation Commission and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission.
We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities in each of the relevant jurisdictions.
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The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in each jurisdiction and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 in the relevant jurisdiction by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the respective regulators. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the relevant regulatory commissions, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
New York, New York
February 28, 2025
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
To the Stockholder and Board of Directors
Texas‑New Mexico Power Company:
Opinion on the Consolidated Financial Statements
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Texas-New Mexico Power Company and subsidiaries (the Company) as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the related consolidated statements of earnings, changes in common stockholder’s equity, and cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, and the related notes and financial statement Schedule II - Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (collectively, the consolidated financial statements). In our opinion, the consolidated financial statements present fairly, in all material respects, the financial position of the Company as of December 31, 2024 and 2023, and the results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the years in the three-year period ended December 31, 2024, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.
Basis for Opinion
These consolidated financial statements are the responsibility of the Company’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these consolidated financial statements based on our audits. We are a public accounting firm registered with the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States) (PCAOB) and are required to be independent with respect to the Company in accordance with the U.S. federal securities laws and the applicable rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission and the PCAOB.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the PCAOB and in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the consolidated financial statements are free of material misstatement, whether due to error or fraud. The Company is not required to have, nor were we engaged to perform, an audit of its internal control over financial reporting. As part of our audits, we are required to obtain an understanding of internal control over financial reporting but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Company’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion.
Our audits included performing procedures to assess the risks of material misstatement of the consolidated financial statements, whether due to error or fraud, and performing procedures that respond to those risks. Such procedures included examining, on a test basis, evidence regarding the amounts and disclosures in the consolidated financial statements. Our audits also included evaluating the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall presentation of the consolidated financial statements. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
Critical Audit Matter
The critical audit matter communicated below is a matter arising from the current period audit of the consolidated financial statements that was communicated or required to be communicated to the audit committee and that: (1) relates to accounts or disclosures that are material to the consolidated financial statements and (2) involved our especially challenging, subjective, or complex judgments. The communication of a critical audit matter does not alter in any way our opinion on the consolidated financial statements, taken as a whole, and we are not, by communicating the critical audit matter below, providing a separate opinion on the critical audit matter or on the accounts or disclosures to which it relates.
Evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities
As discussed in Notes 1, 13, and 17 to the consolidated financial statements, the Company accounts for their regulated operations in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Accounting Standard Codification Topic 980, Regulated Operations (ASC Topic 980). Pursuant to the requirements of ASC Topic 980, the financial statements of a rate-regulated enterprise reflect the actions of regulators. The Company capitalizes, as regulatory assets, incurred and accrued costs that are probable of recovery in future electric rates. In addition, obligations to refund previously collected revenue or to spend revenue collected from customers on future costs are recorded as regulatory liabilities. The Company is subject to comprehensive federal, state and local regulation and legislation, including regulations promulgated by the Public Utility Commission of Texas.
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We have identified the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities as a critical audit matter. This was due to the extent of audit effort required in the evaluation of regulatory assets and liabilities.
The following are the primary procedures we performed to address this critical audit matter. We evaluated the design and tested the operating effectiveness of certain internal controls over the Company’s regulatory accounting process, including controls related to the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 and the Company’s calculation and review of regulatory assets and liabilities. We selected regulatory assets and liabilities and assessed the Company’s application of ASC Topic 980 by evaluating the underlying orders, statutes, rulings, memorandums, filings or publications issued by the Public Utility Commission of Texas. We selected a sample of the regulatory assets and liabilities activity and using the methodologies approved by the Public Utility Commission of Texas, recalculated the activity and agreed the data used in the calculations to the Company’s underlying books and records. We compared the amounts calculated by the Company to the amounts recorded in the consolidated financial statements.
/s/ KPMG LLP
We have served as the Company’s auditor since 2013.
New York, New York
February 28, 2025
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 1,971,199 |  |  | $ | 1,939,198 |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 583,984 |  |  | 802,261 |  |  | 987,941 |
Administrative and general | 247,116 |  |  | 227,900 |  |  | 227,149 |
Energy production costs | 93,748 |  |  | 91,610 |  |  | 147,347 |
Regulatory disallowances | 8,980 |  |  | 71,923 |  |  | 832 |
Depreciation and amortization | 384,925 |  |  | 319,503 |  |  | 304,853 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 98,380 |  |  | 98,721 |  |  | 94,684 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 100,580 |  |  | 95,940 |  |  | 92,989 |
Total operating expenses | 1,517,713 |  |  | 1,707,858 |  |  | 1,855,795 |
Operating income | 453,486 |  |  | 231,340 |  |  | 393,760 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 23,537 |  |  | 21,963 |  |  | 16,095 |
Gains (losses) on investment securities | 26,851 |  |  | 19,246 |  |  | (78,357) |
Other income | 28,621 |  |  | 24,204 |  |  | 21,601 |
Other (deductions) | (24,189) |  |  | (15,869) |  |  | (13,881) |
Net other income and (deductions) | 54,820 |  |  | 49,544 |  |  | (54,542) |
Interest Charges | 228,066 |  |  | 190,355 |  |  | 127,908 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 280,240 |  |  | 90,529 |  |  | 211,310 |
Income Taxes (Benefits) | 21,518 |  |  | (16,350) |  |  | 26,130 |
Net Earnings | 258,722 |  |  | 106,879 |  |  | 185,180 |
(Earnings) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (16,040) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |
Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements of Subsidiary | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Net Earnings Attributable to TXNM | $ | 242,154 |  |  | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |
Net Earnings Attributable to TXNM per Common Share: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |
Diluted | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Net Earnings | $ | 258,722 |  |  | $ | 106,879 |  |  | $ | 185,180 |
Other Comprehensive Income: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized holding gains arising during the period, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $225, $(2,928), and $490 | (660) |  |  | 8,601 |  |  | (1,438) |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in net earnings, net of income tax expense of $3,330, $1,828, and $972 | (9,778) |  |  | (5,371) |  |  | (2,855) |
Pension Liability Adjustment: |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains (losses), net of income tax (expense) benefit of $815, $(353), and $1,159 | (2,395) |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | (3,406) |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of experience losses recognized as net periodic benefit cost, net of income tax (benefit) of $(1,236), $(1,212), and $(1,804) | 3,630 |  |  | 3,564 |  |  | 5,300 |
Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges: |  |  |  |  |
Change in fair market value, net of income tax (expense) of $3,876, $3,933, and $(3,121) | (11,384) |  |  | (11,550) |  |  | 9,164 |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) losses included in net earnings, net of income tax expense (benefit) of $(2,629), $(2,359), and $299 | 7,719 |  |  | 6,928 |  |  | (877) |
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | (12,868) |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | 5,888 |
Comprehensive Income | 245,854 |  |  | 110,087 |  |  | 191,068 |
Comprehensive (Income) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (16,040) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |
Preferred Stock Dividend Requirements of Subsidiary | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to TXNM | $ | 229,286 |  |  | $ | 91,026 |  |  | $ | 175,418 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 258,722 |  |  | $ | 106,879 |  |  | $ | 185,180 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 423,010 |  |  | 353,692 |  |  | 341,123 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 43,050 |  |  | (13,509) |  |  | 24,533 |
(Gain) on sale of NMRD | (4,449) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
(Gains) losses on investment securities | (26,851) |  |  | (19,246) |  |  | 78,357 |
Stock based compensation expense | 9,480 |  |  | 7,190 |  |  | 7,825 |
Regulatory disallowances | 8,980 |  |  | 71,923 |  |  | 832 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (17,887) |  |  | (14,978) |  |  | (13,799) |
Other, net | 4,165 |  |  | 804 |  |  | 2,377 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | (13,349) |  |  | 53,229 |  |  | (73,099) |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | (33,804) |  |  | (31,301) |  |  | (8,528) |
Other current assets | 31,967 |  |  | (52,225) |  |  | 17,159 |
Other assets | (83,541) |  |  | (25,820) |  |  | 5,002 |
Accounts payable | 10,021 |  |  | (33,536) |  |  | 47,568 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 5,114 |  |  | 17,526 |  |  | 9,205 |
Other current liabilities | (106,374) |  |  | 125,580 |  |  | (28,516) |
Other liabilities | (94) |  |  | 4,963 |  |  | (27,935) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 508,160 |  |  | 551,171 |  |  | 567,284 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Additions to utility and non-utility plant | (1,247,041) |  |  | (1,075,812) |  |  | (912,557) |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | 2,840 |  |  | 32,654 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 707,338 |  |  | 574,199 |  |  | 526,448 |
Purchases of investment securities | (756,805) |  |  | (593,241) |  |  | (564,912) |
Proceeds from sale of NMRD | 116,936 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Investments in NMRD | (12,550) |  |  | (26,250) |  |  | — |
Other, net | 14,910 |  |  | 44 |  |  | 674 |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (1,174,372) |  |  | (1,088,406) |  |  | (950,347) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings | $ | 2,892,200 |  |  | $ | 2,358,900 |  |  | $ | 1,829,500 |
Revolving credit facilities repayments | (2,544,800) |  |  | (2,329,000) |  |  | (1,660,200) |
Long-term borrowings | 1,233,000 |  |  | 1,358,096 |  |  | 558,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (819,529) |  |  | (910,000) |  |  | (179,500) |
Issuance of common stock | 98,601 |  |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |
Awards of common stock | (8,460) |  |  | (9,646) |  |  | (7,980) |
Dividends paid | (140,339) |  |  | (126,705) |  |  | (119,839) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | (19,098) |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (17,533) |
Transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | 92,272 |  |  | 49,807 |  |  | 96,550 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | (79,011) |  |  | (21,124) |  |  | (107,397) |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (20,482) |  |  | (9,836) |  |  | (5,564) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 684,354 |  |  | 537,100 |  |  | 386,037 |
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 18,142 |  |  | (135) |  |  | 2,974 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Year | 3,943 |  |  | 4,078 |  |  | 1,104 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Year | $ | 22,085 |  |  | $ | 3,943 |  |  | $ | 4,078 |
Restricted Cash Included in Other Current Assets and Other Deferred Charges on Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |
At beginning of period | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At end of period | $ | 17,587 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 207,972 |  |  | $ | 155,273 |  |  | $ | 118,485 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | (998) |  |  | $ | 1,505 |  |  | $ | (1,011) |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing and financing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | 10,728 |  |  | $ | (23,002) |  |  | $ | 4,455 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 4,498 |  |  | $ | 2,215 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,398 and $3,388 | 130,351 |  |  | 126,291 |
Unbilled revenues | 69,176 |  |  | 64,072 |
Other receivables | 37,236 |  |  | 76,509 |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | 166,861 |  |  | 98,034 |
Regulatory assets | 41,492 |  |  | 73,046 |
Prepaid assets | 25,452 |  |  | 19,759 |
Income taxes receivable | 7,684 |  |  | 6,697 |
Other current assets | 16,086 |  |  | 8,920 |
Total current assets | 498,836 |  |  | 475,543 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Investment securities | 475,524 |  |  | 444,408 |
Equity investment in NMRD | — |  |  | 119,570 |
Other investments | 259 |  |  | 171 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 28,832 |  |  | 29,367 |
Total other property and investments | 504,615 |  |  | 593,516 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service, held for future use, and to be abandoned | 10,697,774 |  |  | 9,701,180 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,829,296 |  |  | 2,755,823 |
| 7,868,478 |  |  | 6,945,357 |
Construction work in progress | 495,976 |  |  | 589,834 |
Nuclear fuel, net of accumulated amortization of $28,245 and $35,840 | 72,554 |  |  | 74,671 |
Net utility plant | 8,437,008 |  |  | 7,609,862 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 962,003 |  |  | 914,381 |
Goodwill | 278,297 |  |  | 278,297 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 272,894 |  |  | 182,201 |
Other deferred charges | 258,080 |  |  | 198,805 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 1,771,274 |  |  | 1,573,684 |
| $ | 11,211,733 |  |  | $ | 10,252,605 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 609,300 |  |  | $ | 261,900 |
Current installments of long-term debt (includes $6,907 and $2,529 related to ETBC I) | 611,603 |  |  | 280,169 |
Accounts payable | 204,468 |  |  | 205,175 |
Customer deposits | 6,533 |  |  | 6,237 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 104,756 |  |  | 98,655 |
Regulatory liabilities | 34,173 |  |  | 140,005 |
Operating lease liabilities | 14,293 |  |  | 12,267 |
Dividends declared | 36,889 |  |  | 35,085 |
Transmission interconnection arrangement liabilities | 68,085 |  |  | 96,870 |
Other current liabilities | 84,998 |  |  | 94,397 |
Total current liabilities | 1,775,098 |  |  | 1,230,760 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs (includes $331,726 and $338,521 related to ETBC I) | 4,311,765 |  |  | 4,241,642 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 899,392 |  |  | 845,280 |
Regulatory liabilities | 748,738 |  |  | 771,317 |
Asset retirement obligations | 244,618 |  |  | 245,531 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 23,065 |  |  | 21,429 |
Operating lease liabilities | 255,376 |  |  | 167,000 |
Other deferred credits | 358,867 |  |  | 319,066 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 2,530,056 |  |  | 2,369,623 |
Total liabilities | 8,616,919 |  |  | 7,842,025 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Cumulative Preferred Stock of Subsidiary |  |  |
without mandatory redemption requirements ($100 stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 115,293 shares) | 11,529 |  |  | 11,529 |
Equity: |  |  |
TXNM common stockholders’ equity: |  |  |
Common stock (no par value; 200,000,000 and 120,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 92,659,335 and 90,200,384 shares) | 1,724,444 |  |  | 1,624,823 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (75,708) |  |  | (62,840) |
Retained earnings | 887,649 |  |  | 787,110 |
Total TXNM common stockholders’ equity | 2,536,385 |  |  | 2,349,093 |
Non-controlling interest in Valencia | 46,900 |  |  | 49,958 |
Total equity | 2,583,285 |  |  | 2,399,051 |
| $ | 11,211,733 |  |  | $ | 10,252,605 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

|  | Attributable to TXNM |  | Non- controlling Interest in Valencia |  |
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Total TXNM Common Stockholder’s Equity |  |  |
|  | Common Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  |  |  | Total Equity
|  | (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021 |  | $ | 1,429,257 |  |  | $ | (71,936) |  |  | $ | 810,203 |  |  | $ | 2,167,524 |  |  | $ | 55,405 |  |  | $ | 2,222,929 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 170,058 |  |  | 170,058 |  |  | 15,122 |  |  | 185,180 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,888 |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (150,855) |  |  | (150,855) |  |  | — |  |  | (150,855) |
Awards of common stock |  | (7,980) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (7,980) |  |  | — |  |  | (7,980) |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 7,825 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,825 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,825 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (17,533) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 |  | 1,429,102 |  |  | (66,048) |  |  | 828,878 |  |  | 2,191,932 |  |  | 52,994 |  |  | 2,244,926 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 88,346 |  |  | 88,346 |  |  | 18,533 |  |  | 106,879 |
Total other comprehensive income |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,208 |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (129,586) |  |  | (129,586) |  |  | — |  |  | (129,586) |
Awards of common stock |  | (9,646) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (9,646) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,646) |
Issuance of common stock |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |  |  | 198,177 |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 7,190 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 7,190 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,190 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (21,569) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 |  | 1,624,823 |  |  | (62,840) |  |  | 787,110 |  |  | 2,349,093 |  |  | 49,958 |  |  | 2,399,051 |
Net earnings before subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 242,682 |  |  | 242,682 |  |  | 16,040 |  |  | 258,722 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) |  | — |  |  | (12,868) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,868) |  |  | — |  |  | (12,868) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (141,615) |  |  | (141,615) |  |  | — |  |  | (141,615) |
Awards of common stock |  | (8,460) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (8,460) |  |  | — |  |  | (8,460) |
Issuance of common stock |  | 98,601 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 98,601 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,601 |
Stock based compensation expense |  | 9,480 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 9,480 |  |  | — |  |  | 9,480 |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,098) |  |  | (19,098) |
Balance at December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 1,724,444 |  |  | $ | (75,708) |  |  | $ | 887,649 |  |  | $ | 2,536,385 |  |  | $ | 46,900 |  |  | $ | 2,583,285 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TXNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 1,379,088 |  |  | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 1,766,825 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 434,918 |  |  | 663,614 |  |  | 864,013 |
Administrative and general | 226,560 |  |  | 206,650 |  |  | 204,846 |
Energy production costs | 93,748 |  |  | 91,610 |  |  | 147,347 |
Regulatory disallowances | 8,980 |  |  | 70,750 |  |  | 832 |
Depreciation and amortization | 221,780 |  |  | 177,633 |  |  | 180,812 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61,302 |  |  | 61,725 |  |  | 58,278 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 49,807 |  |  | 48,790 |  |  | 49,210 |
Total operating expenses | 1,097,095 |  |  | 1,320,772 |  |  | 1,505,338 |
Operating income | 281,993 |  |  | 83,176 |  |  | 261,487 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Interest income | 23,454 |  |  | 21,355 |  |  | 14,816 |
Gains (losses) on investment securities | 26,851 |  |  | 19,246 |  |  | (78,357) |
Other income | 15,329 |  |  | 11,638 |  |  | 10,763 |
Other (deductions) | (4,140) |  |  | (10,881) |  |  | (9,418) |
Net other income and (deductions) | 61,494 |  |  | 41,358 |  |  | (62,196) |
Interest Charges | 106,018 |  |  | 86,574 |  |  | 61,073 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 237,469 |  |  | 37,960 |  |  | 138,218 |
Income Taxes (Benefits) | 29,217 |  |  | (16,758) |  |  | 19,198 |
Net Earnings | 208,252 |  |  | 54,718 |  |  | 119,020 |
(Earnings) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (16,040) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |
Net Earnings Attributable to PNM | 192,212 |  |  | 36,185 |  |  | 103,898 |
Preferred Stock Dividends Requirements | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |
Net Earnings Available for PNM Common Stock | $ | 191,684 |  |  | $ | 35,657 |  |  | $ | 103,370 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Net Earnings | $ | 208,252 |  |  | $ | 54,718 |  |  | $ | 119,020 |
Other Comprehensive Income: |  |  |  |  |
Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities: |  |  |  |  |
Net increase (decrease) in unrealized holding gains (losses) arising during the period, net of income tax (expense) benefit of $225, $(2,928), and $490 | (660) |  |  | 8,601 |  |  | (1,438) |
Reclassification adjustment for (gains) included in net earnings, net of income tax expense of $3,330, $1,828, and $972 | (9,778) |  |  | (5,371) |  |  | (2,855) |
Pension Liability Adjustment: |  |  |  |  |
Experience gains (losses), net of income tax (expense) benefit of $815, $(353), and $1,159 | (2,395) |  |  | 1,036 |  |  | (3,406) |
Reclassification adjustment for amortization of experience losses recognized as net periodic benefit cost, net of income tax (benefit) of $(1,236), $(1,212), and $(1,804) | 3,630 |  |  | 3,564 |  |  | 5,300 |
Total Other Comprehensive Income (Loss) | (9,203) |  |  | 7,830 |  |  | (2,399) |
Comprehensive Income | 199,049 |  |  | 62,548 |  |  | 116,621 |
Comprehensive (Income) Attributable to Valencia Non-controlling Interest | (16,040) |  |  | (18,533) |  |  | (15,122) |
Comprehensive Income Attributable to PNM | $ | 183,009 |  |  | $ | 44,015 |  |  | $ | 101,499 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 208,252 |  |  | $ | 54,718 |  |  | $ | 119,020 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 250,042 |  |  | 202,885 |  |  | 213,517 |
Deferred income tax expense (benefit) | 41,903 |  |  | (21,972) |  |  | 29,487 |
(Gains) losses on investment securities | (26,851) |  |  | (19,246) |  |  | 78,357 |
Regulatory disallowances | 8,980 |  |  | 70,750 |  |  | 832 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (13,043) |  |  | (9,832) |  |  | (9,323) |
Other, net | 4,459 |  |  | 3,485 |  |  | 3,758 |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | (11,295) |  |  | 51,314 |  |  | (60,743) |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | (25,915) |  |  | (25,681) |  |  | (4,804) |
Other current assets | 19,943 |  |  | (54,934) |  |  | 17,956 |
Other assets | (33,013) |  |  | (20,956) |  |  | 5,487 |
Accounts payable | 8,135 |  |  | (30,423) |  |  | 48,868 |
Accrued interest and taxes | (3,041) |  |  | 16,091 |  |  | (19,574) |
Other current liabilities | (99,353) |  |  | 123,048 |  |  | (41,876) |
Other liabilities | (7,691) |  |  | 4,588 |  |  | (26,029) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 321,512 |  |  | 343,835 |  |  | 354,933 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant additions | (682,412) |  |  | (565,080) |  |  | (433,459) |
Proceeds from sale of plant assets (Note 8) | 2,840 |  |  | 32,654 |  |  | — |
Proceeds from sales of investment securities | 707,338 |  |  | 574,199 |  |  | 526,448 |
Purchases of investment securities | (756,805) |  |  | (593,241) |  |  | (564,912) |
Other, net | 14,885 |  |  | 7 |  |  | 439 |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (714,154) |  |  | (551,461) |  |  | (471,484) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings | $ | 1,433,200 |  |  | $ | 1,114,300 |  |  | $ | 708,600 |
Revolving credit facilities repayments | (1,206,900) |  |  | (1,162,700) |  |  | (530,100) |
Long-term borrowings | 398,000 |  |  | 673,096 |  |  | 298,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (200,529) |  |  | (410,000) |  |  | (179,500) |
Equity contribution from parent | 55,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Dividends paid | (51,529) |  |  | (528) |  |  | (154,028) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | (19,098) |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (17,533) |
Transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | 81,022 |  |  | 38,807 |  |  | 90,150 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | (74,161) |  |  | (17,624) |  |  | (93,247) |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (4,664) |  |  | (6,555) |  |  | (2,825) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 410,341 |  |  | 207,227 |  |  | 119,517 |
Change in Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash | 17,699 |  |  | (399) |  |  | 2,966 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at Beginning of Year | 2,586 |  |  | 2,985 |  |  | 19 |
Cash, Cash Equivalents, and Restricted Cash at End of Year | $ | 20,285 |  |  | $ | 2,586 |  |  | $ | 2,985 |
Restricted Cash Included in Other Current Assets and Other Deferred Charges on Consolidated Balance Sheets: |  |  |  |  |
At beginning of period | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
At end of period | $ | 17,587 |  |  | $ | 1,728 |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 85,100 |  |  | $ | 66,456 |  |  | $ | 54,816 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | (4,058) |  |  | $ | (5,338) |  |  | $ | 11,602 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | 25,955 |  |  | $ | (8,604) |  |  | $ | (6,859) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,698 |  |  | $ | 858 |
Accounts receivable, net of allowance for credit losses of $1,398 and $3,388 | 95,932 |  |  | 94,879 |
Unbilled revenues | 52,983 |  |  | 46,925 |
Other receivables | 24,174 |  |  | 51,975 |
Affiliate receivables | 9,241 |  |  | 9,253 |
Materials, supplies, and fuel stock | 142,510 |  |  | 81,572 |
Regulatory assets | 36,224 |  |  | 72,996 |
Prepaid assets | 14,746 |  |  | 9,941 |
Income taxes receivable | 16,309 |  |  | 7,682 |
Other current assets | 16,091 |  |  | 1,756 |
Total current assets | 410,908 |  |  | 377,837 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Investment securities | 475,524 |  |  | 444,408 |
Other investments | 184 |  |  | 69 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 13,647 |  |  | 13,538 |
Total other property and investments | 489,355 |  |  | 458,015 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service, held for future use, and to be abandoned | 6,797,493 |  |  | 6,151,510 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 2,079,363 |  |  | 1,976,657 |
| 4,718,130 |  |  | 4,174,853 |
Construction work in progress | 328,403 |  |  | 490,178 |
Nuclear fuel, net of accumulated amortization of $28,245 and $35,840 | 72,554 |  |  | 74,671 |
Net utility plant | 5,119,087 |  |  | 4,739,702 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 857,310 |  |  | 838,727 |
Goodwill | 51,632 |  |  | 51,632 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 271,433 |  |  | 180,370 |
Other deferred charges | 207,554 |  |  | 166,782 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 1,387,929 |  |  | 1,237,511 |
| $ | 7,407,279 |  |  | $ | 6,813,065 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 363,800 |  |  | $ | 137,500 |
Current installments of long-term debt (includes $6,907 and $2,529 related to ETBC I) | 560,637 |  |  | 200,222 |
Accounts payable | 123,883 |  |  | 141,704 |
Affiliate payables | 15,695 |  |  | 16,388 |
Customer deposits | 6,533 |  |  | 6,237 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 46,923 |  |  | 41,337 |
Regulatory liabilities | 33,571 |  |  | 134,846 |
Operating lease liabilities | 13,542 |  |  | 11,371 |
Dividends declared | 132 |  |  | 132 |
Transmission interconnection arrangement liabilities | 68,085 |  |  | 96,870 |
Other current liabilities | 50,099 |  |  | 52,587 |
Total current liabilities | 1,282,900 |  |  | 839,194 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs (includes $331,726 and $338,521 related to ETBC I) | 1,898,955 |  |  | 2,061,558 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 756,218 |  |  | 684,037 |
Regulatory liabilities | 518,701 |  |  | 565,021 |
Asset retirement obligations | 243,663 |  |  | 244,633 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 22,067 |  |  | 19,949 |
Operating lease liabilities | 254,702 |  |  | 166,191 |
Other deferred credits | 234,346 |  |  | 220,178 |
Total deferred credits and liabilities | 2,029,697 |  |  | 1,900,009 |
Total liabilities | 5,211,552 |  |  | 4,800,761 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Cumulative Preferred Stock |  |  |
without mandatory redemption requirements ($100 stated value; 10,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 115,293 shares) | 11,529 |  |  | 11,529 |
Equity: |  |  |
PNM common stockholder’s equity: |  |  |
Common stock (no par value; 40,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 39,117,799 shares) | 1,602,918 |  |  | 1,547,918 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (75,708) |  |  | (66,505) |
Retained earnings | 610,088 |  |  | 469,404 |
Total PNM common stockholder’s equity | 2,137,298 |  |  | 1,950,817 |
Non-controlling interest in Valencia | 46,900 |  |  | 49,958 |
Total equity | 2,184,198 |  |  | 2,000,775 |
| $ | 7,407,279 |  |  | $ | 6,813,065 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN EQUITY

| Attributable to PNM |  |  |  |
| Common Stock |  | AOCI |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total PNM Common Stockholder’s Equity |  | Non- controlling Interest in Valencia |  | Total Equity
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 1,547,918 |  |  | $ | (71,936) |  |  | $ | 483,877 |  |  | $ | 1,959,859 |  |  | $ | 55,405 |  |  | $ | 2,015,264 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 103,898 |  |  | 103,898 |  |  | 15,122 |  |  | 119,020 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,399) |  |  | — |  |  | (2,399) |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (153,500) |  |  | (153,500) |  |  | — |  |  | (153,500) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (17,533) |  |  | (17,533) |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 1,547,918 |  |  | (74,335) |  |  | 433,747 |  |  | 1,907,330 |  |  | 52,994 |  |  | 1,960,324 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,185 |  |  | 36,185 |  |  | 18,533 |  |  | 54,718 |
Total other comprehensive income | — |  |  | 7,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,830 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,830 |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (21,569) |  |  | (21,569) |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 1,547,918 |  |  | (66,505) |  |  | 469,404 |  |  | 1,950,817 |  |  | 49,958 |  |  | 2,000,775 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  | 192,212 |  |  | 192,212 |  |  | 16,040 |  |  | 208,252 |
Total other comprehensive income (loss) | — |  |  | (9,203) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,203) |  |  | — |  |  | (9,203) |
Dividends declared on preferred stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |  |  | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Equity contribution from parent | 55,000 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 55,000 |
Dividends declared on common stock | — |  |  | — |  |  | (51,000) |  |  | (51,000) |  |  | — |  |  | (51,000) |
Valencia’s transactions with its owner | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (19,098) |  |  | (19,098) |
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 1,602,918 |  |  | $ | (75,708) |  |  | $ | 610,088 |  |  | $ | 2,137,298 |  |  | $ | 46,900 |  |  | $ | 2,184,198 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to PNM, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 592,111 |  |  | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |
Operating Expenses: |  |  |  |  |
Cost of energy | 149,066 |  |  | 138,647 |  |  | 123,928 |
Administrative and general | 54,711 |  |  | 53,963 |  |  | 49,592 |
Regulatory disallowances | — |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | — |
Depreciation and amortization | 125,915 |  |  | 113,142 |  |  | 98,316 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 37,078 |  |  | 36,996 |  |  | 36,406 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 44,441 |  |  | 41,311 |  |  | 38,521 |
Total operating expenses | 411,211 |  |  | 385,232 |  |  | 346,763 |
Operating income | 180,900 |  |  | 150,018 |  |  | 135,967 |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Other income | 12,305 |  |  | 10,127 |  |  | 10,641 |
Other (deductions) | (3,580) |  |  | (1,759) |  |  | (1,988) |
Net other income | 8,725 |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | 8,653 |
Interest Charges | 58,983 |  |  | 46,152 |  |  | 37,192 |
Earnings before Income Taxes | 130,642 |  |  | 112,234 |  |  | 107,428 |
Income Taxes | 27,114 |  |  | 17,297 |  |  | 15,161 |
Net Earnings | $ | 103,528 |  |  | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net earnings | $ | 103,528 |  |  | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash flows from operating activities: |  |  |  |  |
Depreciation and amortization | 126,868 |  |  | 113,854 |  |  | 99,165 |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | 26,363 |  |  | 2,888 |  |  | (4,556) |
Regulatory disallowances | — |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | — |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction and other, net | (5,222) |  |  | (5,145) |  |  | (4,477) |
Changes in certain assets and liabilities: |  |  |  |  |
Accounts receivable and unbilled revenues | (2,053) |  |  | 1,916 |  |  | (12,356) |
Materials and supplies | (7,889) |  |  | (5,620) |  |  | (3,723) |
Other current assets | 11,063 |  |  | 3,650 |  |  | (264) |
Other assets | (33,601) |  |  | 3,109 |  |  | 3,834 |
Accounts payable | (832) |  |  | 171 |  |  | 195 |
Accrued interest and taxes | (818) |  |  | 2,886 |  |  | 14,667 |
Other current liabilities | (5,355) |  |  | (156) |  |  | 11,952 |
Other liabilities | 1,564 |  |  | 949 |  |  | (1,757) |
Net cash flows from operating activities | 213,616 |  |  | 214,612 |  |  | 194,947 |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Utility plant additions | (541,604) |  |  | (464,436) |  |  | (449,534) |
Net cash flows used in investing activities | (541,604) |  |  | (464,436) |  |  | (449,534) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flow From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Revolving credit facilities borrowings | $ | 637,000 |  |  | $ | 407,600 |  |  | $ | 480,500 |
Revolving credit facilities repayments | (540,500) |  |  | (389,200) |  |  | (444,200) |
Long-term borrowings | 285,000 |  |  | 185,000 |  |  | 160,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (80,000) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transmission interconnection arrangements | 11,250 |  |  | 11,000 |  |  | 6,400 |
Refunds paid under transmission interconnection and security deposit arrangements | (4,850) |  |  | (3,500) |  |  | (14,150) |
Equity contribution from parent | 24,000 |  |  | 40,900 |  |  | 68,000 |
Debt issuance costs and other, net | (3,679) |  |  | (1,976) |  |  | (1,963) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | 328,221 |  |  | 249,824 |  |  | 254,587 |
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | 233 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Year | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Year | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 50,956 |  |  | $ | 41,847 |  |  | $ | 33,974 |
Income taxes paid, net | $ | 11,021 |  |  | $ | 16,904 |  |  | $ | 9,245 |
Supplemental schedule of noncash investing activities: |  |  |  |  |
(Increase) decrease in accrued plant additions | $ | (16,328) |  |  | $ | (17,297) |  |  | $ | (9,131) |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
ASSETS |  |  |
Current Assets: |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 233 |  |  | $ | — |
Accounts receivable | 34,419 |  |  | 31,412 |
Unbilled revenues | 16,193 |  |  | 17,147 |
Other receivables | 15,144 |  |  | 26,983 |
Materials and supplies | 24,351 |  |  | 16,462 |
Regulatory assets | 5,268 |  |  | 50 |
Other current assets | 4,908 |  |  | 2,705 |
Total current assets | 100,516 |  |  | 94,759 |
Other Property and Investments: |  |  |
Other investments | 75 |  |  | 102 |
Non-utility property, including financing leases | 13,137 |  |  | 14,746 |
Total other property and investments | 13,212 |  |  | 14,848 |
Utility Plant: |  |  |
Plant in service and plant held for future use | 3,635,550 |  |  | 3,210,870 |
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | 616,741 |  |  | 582,140 |
| 3,018,809 |  |  | 2,628,730 |
Construction work in progress | 165,527 |  |  | 91,274 |
Net utility plant | 3,184,336 |  |  | 2,720,004 |
Deferred Charges and Other Assets: |  |  |
Regulatory assets | 104,693 |  |  | 75,654 |
Goodwill | 226,665 |  |  | 226,665 |
Operating lease right-of-use assets, net of accumulated amortization | 923 |  |  | 1,814 |
Other deferred charges | 18,780 |  |  | 11,287 |
Total deferred charges and other assets | 351,061 |  |  | 315,420 |
| $ | 3,649,125 |  |  | $ | 3,145,031 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands, except share information)
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY |  |  |
Current Liabilities: |  |  |
Short-term debt | $ | 151,600 |  |  | $ | 55,100 |
Current installments of long-term debt | — |  |  | 79,947 |
Accounts payable | 67,116 |  |  | 51,620 |
Affiliate payables | 7,339 |  |  | 6,932 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 56,740 |  |  | 57,558 |
Regulatory liabilities | 602 |  |  | 5,159 |
Operating lease liabilities | 713 |  |  | 895 |
Other current liabilities | 6,964 |  |  | 12,084 |
Total current liabilities | 291,074 |  |  | 269,295 |
Long-term Debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs | 1,464,079 |  |  | 1,180,933 |
Deferred Credits and Other Liabilities: |  |  |
Accumulated deferred income taxes | 208,107 |  |  | 178,748 |
Regulatory liabilities | 230,037 |  |  | 206,296 |
Asset retirement obligations | 955 |  |  | 898 |
Accrued pension liability and postretirement benefit cost | 998 |  |  | 1,480 |
Operating lease liabilities | 167 |  |  | 809 |
Other deferred credits | 88,519 |  |  | 68,911 |
Total deferred credits and other liabilities | 528,783 |  |  | 457,142 |
Total liabilities | 2,283,936 |  |  | 1,907,370 |
Commitments and Contingencies (See Note 16) |  |  |
Common Stockholder’s Equity: |  |  |
Common stock ($10 par value; 12,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 6,358 shares) | 64 |  |  | 64 |
Paid-in-capital | 870,066 |  |  | 846,066 |
Retained earnings | 495,059 |  |  | 391,531 |
Total common stockholder’s equity | 1,365,189 |  |  | 1,237,661 |
| $ | 3,649,125 |  |  | $ | 3,145,031 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CHANGES IN COMMON STOCKHOLDER’S EQUITY

| Common Stock |  | Paid-in Capital |  |  |  | Retained Earnings |  | Total Common Stockholder’s Equity
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 737,166 |  |  |  |  | $ | 204,327 |  |  | $ | 941,557 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 92,267 |  |  | 92,267 |
Equity contribution from parent | — |  |  | 68,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 68,000 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 64 |  |  | 805,166 |  |  |  |  | 296,594 |  |  | 1,101,824 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 94,937 |  |  | 94,937 |
Equity contributions from parent | — |  |  | 40,900 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 40,900 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 64 |  |  | 846,066 |  |  |  |  | 391,531 |  |  | 1,237,661 |
Net earnings | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | 103,528 |  |  | 103,528 |
Equity contributions from parent | — |  |  | 24,000 |  |  |  |  | — |  |  | 24,000 |
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 870,066 |  |  |  |  | $ | 495,059 |  |  | $ | 1,365,189 |

The accompanying notes, as they relate to TNMP, are an integral part of these consolidated financial statements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(1)Summary of the Business and Significant Accounting Policies
Nature of Business
TXNM is an investor-owned holding company with two regulated utilities providing electricity and electric services in New Mexico and Texas. TXNM’s primary subsidiaries are PNM and TNMP. PNM is a public utility with regulated operations primarily engaged in the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity. In 2023, ETBC I, a special purpose entity that is wholly-owned by PNM, was formed for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities. See Note 7. TNMP is a wholly-owned subsidiary of TNP, which is a holding company that is wholly-owned by TXNM. TNMP provides regulated transmission and distribution services in Texas. TXNM’s common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol TXNM.
Financial Statement Preparation and Presentation
The preparation of financial statements in conformity with GAAP requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities, disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements, and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could ultimately differ from those estimated.
On August 2, 2024, PNM Resources, Inc. (“PNMR”) amended its Articles of Incorporation to change its name to TXNM Energy, Inc. (“TXNM”) and increased the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 120,000,000 to 200,000,000. The Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements include disclosures for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. This report uses the term “Company” when discussing matters of common applicability to TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. Discussions regarding only TXNM, PNM, or TNMP are so indicated. Certain amounts in the 2023 and 2022 Consolidated Financial Statements and Notes thereto have been reclassified to conform to the 2024 financial statement presentation.
GAAP defines subsequent events as events or transactions that occur after the balance sheet date but before financial statements are issued or are available to be issued. Based on their nature, magnitude, and timing, certain subsequent events may be required to be reflected at the balance sheet date and/or required to be disclosed in the financial statements. The Company has evaluated subsequent events accordingly.
Principles of Consolidation
The Consolidated Financial Statements of each of TXNM, PNM, and TNMP include their accounts and those of subsidiaries in which that entity owns a majority voting interest. PNM also consolidates Valencia and ETBC I (Note 10). PNM owns undivided interests in jointly-owned power plants and records its pro-rata share of the assets, liabilities, and expenses for those plants. The agreements for the jointly-owned plants provide that if an owner were to default on its payment obligations, the non-defaulting owners would be responsible for their proportionate share of the obligations of the defaulting owner. In exchange, the non-defaulting owners would be entitled to their proportionate share of the generating capacity of the defaulting owner. There have been no such payment defaults under any of the agreements for the jointly-owned plants.
PNMR Services Company expenses, which represent costs that are primarily driven by corporate level activities, are charged to the business segments. These services are billed at cost and are reflected as general and administrative expenses in the business segments. Other significant intercompany transactions between TXNM, PNM, and TNMP include intercompany loans, interest and income tax sharing payments, as well as equity transactions, and interconnection billings. All intercompany transactions and balances have been eliminated. See Note 20.
Accounting for the Effects of Certain Types of Regulation
The Company maintains its accounting records in accordance with the uniform system of accounts prescribed by FERC and adopted by the NMPRC and PUCT.
Certain of the Company’s operations are regulated by the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC and the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises are applied to the regulated operations. Regulators may assign costs to accounting periods that differ from accounting methods applied by non-regulated utilities. When it is probable that regulators will permit recovery of costs through future rates, costs are deferred as regulatory assets that otherwise would be expensed. Likewise, regulatory liabilities are recognized when it is probable that regulators will require refunds through future rates or when revenue is collected for
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
expenditures that have not yet been incurred. GAAP also provides for the recognition of revenue and regulatory assets and liabilities associated with “alternative revenue programs” authorized by regulators. Such programs allow the utility to adjust future rates in response to past activities or completed events, if certain criteria are met. Regulatory assets and liabilities are amortized into earnings over the authorized recovery period. Accordingly, the Company has deferred certain costs and recorded certain liabilities pursuant to the rate actions of the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC. Information on regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities is contained in Note 13.
In some circumstances, regulators allow a requested increase in rates to be implemented, subject to refund, before the regulatory process has been completed and a decision rendered by the regulator. When this occurs, the Company assesses the possible outcomes of the rate proceeding. The Company records a provision for refund to the extent the amounts being collected, subject to refund, exceed the amount the Company determines is probable of ultimately being allowed by the regulator.
Cash and Restricted Cash
Investments in highly liquid investments with original maturities of three months or less at the date of purchase are considered cash and cash equivalents. Cash deposits received and held for a period of time that are restricted to a specific purpose, under the terms of their effective agreements, are considered restricted cash. PNM and TXNM have restricted cash balances related to the ETBC I Securitized Bonds. Restricted cash amounts are included in Other current assets and Other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of December 31, 2024 and 2023. See Note 10. At December 31, 2024 and 2023 there was no restricted cash for TNMP. At December 31, 2022 there was no restricted cash for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP.
Utility Plant
Utility plant is stated at original cost and includes capitalized payroll-related costs such as taxes, pension, other fringe benefits, administrative costs, and AFUDC, where authorized by rate regulation, or capitalized interest.
Repairs, including major maintenance activities, and minor replacements of property are expensed when incurred, except as required by regulators for ratemaking purposes. Major replacements are charged to utility plant. Gains, losses, and costs to remove resulting from retirements or other dispositions of regulated property in the normal course of business are credited or charged to accumulated depreciation.
PNM and TNMP may receive reimbursements, referred to as CIAC, from customers to pay for all or part of certain construction projects to the extent the project does not benefit regulated customers in general. PNM and TNMP account for these reimbursements as offsets to utility plant additions based on the requirements of the NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT. Due to the PUCT’s regulatory treatment of CIAC reimbursements, TNMP also receives a financing component that is recognized as Other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Under the NMPRC regulatory treatment, PNM typically does not receive a financing component.
Depreciation and Amortization
PNM’s provision for depreciation and amortization of utility plant, other than nuclear fuel, is based upon straight-line rates approved by the NMPRC and FERC. Amortization of nuclear fuel is based on units-of-production. TNMP’s provision for depreciation and amortization of utility plant is based upon straight-line rates approved by the PUCT. Depreciation and amortization of non-utility property, including right-of-use assets for finance leases as discussed in Note 8, is computed based on the straight-line method. The provision for depreciation of certain equipment is allocated between operating expenses and construction projects based on the use of the equipment.
Average straight-line rates used were as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Electric plant | 2.87 | % |  | 2.67 | % |  | 2.55 | %
Common, intangible, and general plant | 14.06 |  |  | 7.64 |  |  | 7.83 |
TNMP | 3.74 |  |  | 3.77 |  |  | 3.72 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Depreciation expense on electric, common, intangible, and general plant is as follows:

| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PNM | $ | 188,035 |  |  | $ | 158,956 |  |  | $ | 163,162 |
TNMP | 124,976 |  |  | 110,675 |  |  | 96,131 |

Allowance for Funds Used During Construction
As provided by the FERC uniform systems of accounts, AFUDC is charged to regulated utility plant for construction projects. This allowance is designed to enable a utility to capitalize financing costs during periods of construction of property subject to rate regulation. It represents the cost of borrowed funds (allowance for borrowed funds used during construction or “debt AFUDC”) and a return on other funds (allowance for equity funds used during construction or “equity AFUDC”). The debt AFUDC is recorded in interest charges and the equity AFUDC is recorded in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, PNM recorded $12.9 million, $9.5 million, and $3.7 million of debt AFUDC at annual rates of 3.19%, 2.99%, and 1.70% and $13.0 million, $9.8 million, and $9.3 million of equity AFUDC at annual rates of 3.30%, 3.24%, and 4.26%. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, TNMP recorded $8.0 million, $5.7 million, and $3.4 million of debt AFUDC at rates of 4.14%, 3.49%, and 2.25% and $4.8 million, $5.1 million, and $4.5 million of equity AFUDC at rates of 2.48%, 3.17%, and 2.99%.
Materials, Supplies, and Fuel Stock
Materials and supplies relate to transmission, distribution, and generating assets. Materials and supplies are charged to inventory when purchased and are expensed or capitalized as appropriate when issued. Materials and supplies are valued using an average costing method. Inventories consisted of the following at December 31:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Fuel Oil | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | 1,095 |  |  | $ | 896 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Materials and supplies | 165,766 |  |  | 97,138 |  |  | 141,415 |  |  | 80,676 |  |  | 24,351 |  |  | 16,462 |
| $ | 166,861 |  |  | $ | 98,034 |  |  | $ | 142,510 |  |  | $ | 81,572 |  |  | $ | 24,351 |  |  | $ | 16,462 |

Investments
PNM holds investment securities in the NDT for the purpose of funding its share of the decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines that served SJGS and continue to serve Four Corners (Note 16). Investments (both equity and available-for-sale debt securities) are measured at fair value on a quarterly basis with changes in fair value for equity securities recognized in earnings for that period. Since third party investment managers have sole discretion over the purchase and sale of the securities (under general guidelines and targets provided by management), PNM records an impairment, as a realized loss, for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value which is less than cost at the end of each quarter. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022, PNM recorded impairment losses on the available-for-sale debt securities of $17.8 million, $(19.1) million and $25.8 million. No gains or losses are deferred as regulatory assets or liabilities. See Notes 3 and 9. All investments are held in PNM’s name and are in the custody of major financial institutions. The specific identification method is used to determine the cost of securities disposed of, with realized gains and losses reflected in other income and deductions.
As discussed above, PNM immediately records an impairment loss for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company has no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeds fair value and there are no impairments considered to be “other than temporary” that are included in AOCI and not recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Equity Method Investment
TXNM accounted for its investment in NMRD using the equity method of accounting because TXNM’s ownership interest resulted in significant influence, but not control, over NMRD and its operations. TXNM recorded as income its percentage share of earnings or loss of NMRD and carried its investment at cost, adjusted for its share of undistributed earnings or losses, until its investment was sold on February 27, 2024. See Note 21.
Goodwill
The Company does not amortize goodwill. Goodwill is evaluated for impairment annually, or more frequently if events and circumstances indicate that the goodwill might be impaired. See Note 19.
Asset Impairment
Tangible long-lived assets and right-of-use assets associated with leases are evaluated in relation to the estimated future undiscounted cash flows to assess recoverability when events and circumstances indicate that the assets might be impaired.
Revenue Recognition
See Note 4 for a discussion of electric operating revenues.
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
See Note 4 for a discussion of accounts receivable and the allowance for credit losses.
Amortization of Debt Acquisition Costs
Discount, premium, and expense related to the issuance of long-term debt are amortized over the lives of the respective issues. Gains and losses incurred upon the early retirement of long-term debt are recognized in other income or other deductions, except for amounts recoverable through NMPRC, FERC, or PUCT regulation, which are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities and amortized over the lives of the respective issues. Unamortized premium, discount, and expense related to long-term debt are reflected as part of the related liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Derivatives
The Company records derivative instruments, including energy contracts, on the balance sheet as either an asset or liability measured at their fair value. Changes in the derivatives’ fair value are recognized in earnings unless specific hedge accounting criteria are met. PNM also records certain commodity derivative transactions recoverable through NMPRC regulation as regulatory assets or liabilities. See Note 9.
The Company treats all forward commodity purchases and sales contracts subject to unplanned netting or “book-out” by the transmission provider as derivative instruments subject to mark-to-market accounting. GAAP provides guidance on whether realized gains and losses on derivative contracts not held for trading purposes should be reported on a net or gross basis and concludes such classification is a matter of judgment that depends on the relevant facts and circumstances. See Note 4.
Decommissioning and Reclamation Costs
PNM is only required to recognize and measure decommissioning liabilities for tangible long-lived assets for which a legal obligation exists. Nuclear decommissioning costs and related accruals are based on periodic site-specific estimates of the costs for removing all radioactive and other structures at PVNGS and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future decommissioning costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. PNM’s accruals for PVNGS Units 1, 2, and 3, including portions previously held under leases, have been made based on such estimates, the guidelines of the NRC, and the PVNGS license periods. PNM records its share of the SJGS decommissioning obligation as an ARO on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Studies on the decommissioning costs of SJGS are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liability are recorded. See Note 16.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
In connection with both the SJGS and Four Corners coal supply agreements, the owners are required to reimburse the mining companies for the cost of contemporaneous reclamation, as well as the costs for final reclamation of the coal mines. The reclamation costs are based on periodic site-specific studies that estimate the costs to be incurred in the future and are dependent upon numerous assumptions, including estimates of future reclamation costs at current price levels, inflation rates, and discount rates. PNM considers the contemporaneous reclamation costs part of the cost of its delivered coal costs. See Note 16 for a discussion of reclamation costs.
Environmental Costs
The normal operations of the Company involve activities and substances that expose the Company to potential liabilities under laws and regulations protecting the environment. Liabilities under these laws and regulations can be material and may be imposed without regard to fault, or may be imposed for past acts, even though the past acts may have been lawful at the time they occurred.
The Company records its environmental liabilities when site assessments or remedial actions are probable, and a range of reasonably likely cleanup costs can be estimated. The Company reviews its sites and measures the liability by assessing a range of reasonably likely costs for each identified site using currently available information and the probable level of involvement and financial condition of other potentially responsible parties. These estimates are based on assumptions regarding the costs for site investigations, remediation, operations and maintenance, monitoring, and site closure. The ultimate cost to clean up the Company’s identified sites varies from its recorded liability due to numerous uncertainties inherent in the estimation process. See Note 16.
Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
See Note 11 for a discussion of pension and postretirement benefits expense, including a discussion of the actuarial assumptions.
Stock-Based Compensation
See Note 12 for a discussion of stock-based compensation expense.
Income Taxes
Income taxes are recognized using the asset and liability method of accounting for income taxes. Deferred tax assets and liabilities are recognized for the estimated future tax consequences attributable to differences between the financial statement carrying value of existing assets and liabilities and their respective tax basis. All deferred taxes are reflected as non-current on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Current NMPRC, FERC, and PUCT approved rates include the tax effects of the majority of these differences. Rate-regulated enterprises are required to record deferred income taxes for temporary differences accorded flow-through treatment at the direction of a regulatory commission. The resulting deferred tax assets and liabilities are recorded based on the expected cash flow to be reflected in future rates. Because the NMPRC, FERC, and the PUCT have consistently permitted the recovery of tax effects previously flowed-through earnings, the Company has established regulatory assets and liabilities offsetting such deferred tax assets and liabilities. The Company recognizes only the impact of tax positions that, based on their merits, are more likely than not to be sustained upon an IRS audit. The Company defers investment tax credits and amortizes them over the estimated useful lives of the assets. See Note 18 for additional information, including a discussion of the impacts of the Tax Act.
The Company makes an estimate of its anticipated effective tax rate for the year as of the end of each quarterly period within its fiscal year. In interim periods, income tax expense is calculated by applying the anticipated annual effective tax rate to year-to-date earnings before taxes. Certain unusual or infrequently occurring items, as well as adjustments due to enactment of new tax laws, have been excluded from the estimated annual effective tax rate calculation.
Lease Commitments
See Note 8 for a discussion of lease commitments.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
New Accounting Pronouncements
Information concerning recently issued accounting pronouncements that have not yet been adopted by the Company is presented below. The Company does not expect difficulty in adopting these standards by their required effective dates.
Accounting Standards Update 2023-09 - Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures
In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09 enhancing the transparency and decision usefulness of income tax disclosures. Disclosure requirements of this update include (on an annual basis) the disclosure of specific categories in the rate reconciliation and the inclusion of additional information for reconciling items that meet a quantitative threshold (if the effect of the reconciling item is equal to or greater than 5 percent of the amount computed by multiplying pre-tax income by the applicable statutory rate). The amendment also requires the disclosure (on an annual basis) of information about income taxes paid (net of refunds) including, the disaggregation by federal, state, and foreign taxes as well as by individual jurisdiction. Additional requirements include the disclosure of income (loss) from continuing operations before income tax expense (benefit) disaggregated between foreign and domestic as well as income tax expense (benefit) from continuing operations disaggregated by federal, state, and foreign. ASU 2023-09 is effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2025 with early adoption being permitted. ASU 2023-09 is to be applied on a prospective basis with retrospective application permitted.
Accounting Standards Update 2024-03 - Income Statement (Subtopic 220-40): Reporting Comprehensive Income - Expense Disaggregation Disclosures
In November 2024, the FASB issued ASU 2024-03 that will require disclosure, in the notes to the financial statements, of specified information about certain costs and expenses at each interim and annual period. Disclosures should include amounts for purchases of inventory, employee compensation, depreciation and, intangible asset amortization; certain amounts that are already required to be disclosed under GAAP in the same disclosure as other disaggregation requirements; qualitative descriptions of the amounts remaining in relevant expense categories that are not disaggregated; the total amount of selling expenses including the entity’s definition of selling expenses. In January 2025, ASU 2025-01 was issued to clarify that the amendments of ASU 2024-03 are effective for public business entities for annual reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2026 and interim reporting periods beginning after December 15, 2027.
(2)Segment Information
TXNM has three reportable segments including PNM, TNMP, and Corporate and other. The accounting policies of the segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. The measure of profitability used by the CODM is Segment earnings (loss) attributable to TXNM, as presented below. The CODM uses this measure of profitability to allocate resources for each segment predominantly in the annual budget and forecasting process. The CODM considers budget to actual variances on a regular basis when making decisions about allocating capital and operational expense funding to the segments. TXNM’s CODM is its President and COO who is also the CEO of the PNM and TNMP segments.
PNM
PNM includes the retail electric utility operations of PNM that are subject to traditional rate regulation by the NMPRC. PNM provides integrated electricity services that include the generation, transmission, and distribution of electricity for retail electric customers in New Mexico. PNM also includes the generation and sale of electricity into the wholesale market, which includes the asset optimization of PNM’s jurisdictional capacity as well as providing transmission services to third parties. FERC has jurisdiction over wholesale power and transmission rates. PNM includes the results of ETBC I upon its formation in 2023.
TNMP
TNMP is an electric utility providing services in Texas under the TECA. TNMP’s operations are subject to traditional rate regulation by the PUCT. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service area. TNMP also provides transmission services at regulated rates to other utilities that interconnect with TNMP’s facilities.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Corporate and Other
The Corporate and Other segment includes TXNM holding company activities, primarily related to corporate level debt and PNMR Services Company. The activities of PNMR Development and the equity method investment in NMRD are also included in Corporate and Other until the close of the sale of NMRD on February 27, 2024 (Note 21). Eliminations of intercompany transactions are reflected in the Corporate and Other segment.
The following tables present summarized financial information for TXNM by segment. PNM and TNMP each operate in only one segment. Therefore, tabular segment information is not presented for PNM and TNMP.

2024 | PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,379,088 |  |  | $ | 592,111 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,971,199 |
Cost of energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel burn | 130,380 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 130,380 |
Purchases for resale | 286,399 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 286,399 |
Transmission by others | 18,139 |  |  | 149,066 |  |  | — |  |  | 167,205 |
Significant segment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative and general - direct | 63,105 |  |  | (1,452) |  |  | 151,089 |  |  | 212,742 |
Administrative and general - corporate allocation | 132,209 |  |  | 53,166 |  |  | (185,375) |  |  | — |
Customer related expenses | 31,246 |  |  | 2,997 |  |  | 131 |  |  | 34,374 |
Energy production costs | 93,748 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 93,748 |
Regulatory disallowances | 8,980 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 8,980 |
Depreciation and amortization | 221,780 |  |  | 125,915 |  |  | 37,230 |  |  | 384,925 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61,302 |  |  | 37,078 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,380 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 49,807 |  |  | 44,441 |  |  | 6,332 |  |  | 100,580 |
Total operating expenses | 1,097,095 |  |  | 411,211 |  |  | 9,407 |  |  | 1,517,713 |
Net other income and (deductions) | 61,494 |  |  | 8,725 |  |  | (15,399) |  |  | 54,820 |
Interest charges | (106,018) |  |  | (58,983) |  |  | (63,065) |  |  | (228,066) |
Income taxes (benefit) | 29,217 |  |  | 27,114 |  |  | (34,813) |  |  | 21,518 |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (16,040) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (16,040) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to TXNM | $ | 191,684 |  |  | $ | 103,528 |  |  | $ | (53,058) |  |  | $ | 242,154 |
At December 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 7,407,279 |  |  | $ | 3,649,125 |  |  | $ | 155,329 |  |  | $ | 11,211,733 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

2023 | PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 1,939,198 |
Cost of energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel burn | 138,538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 138,538 |
Purchases for resale | 499,921 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 499,921 |
Transmission by others | 25,155 |  |  | 138,647 |  |  | — |  |  | 163,802 |
Significant segment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative and general - direct | 52,554 |  |  | 2,710 |  |  | 139,010 |  |  | 194,274 |
Administrative and general - corporate allocation | 124,321 |  |  | 47,470 |  |  | (171,791) |  |  | — |
Customer related expenses | 29,775 |  |  | 3,783 |  |  | 68 |  |  | 33,626 |
Energy production costs | 91,610 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 91,610 |
Regulatory disallowances | 70,750 |  |  | 1,173 |  |  | — |  |  | 71,923 |
Depreciation and amortization | 177,633 |  |  | 113,142 |  |  | 28,728 |  |  | 319,503 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 61,725 |  |  | 36,996 |  |  | — |  |  | 98,721 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 48,790 |  |  | 41,311 |  |  | 5,839 |  |  | 95,940 |
Total operating expenses | 1,320,772 |  |  | 385,232 |  |  | 1,854 |  |  | 1,707,858 |
Net other income and (deductions) | 41,358 |  |  | 8,368 |  |  | (182) |  |  | 49,544 |
Interest charges | (86,574) |  |  | (46,152) |  |  | (57,629) |  |  | (190,355) |
Income taxes (benefit) | (16,758) |  |  | 17,297 |  |  | (16,889) |  |  | (16,350) |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (18,533) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (18,533) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to TXNM | $ | 35,657 |  |  | $ | 94,937 |  |  | $ | (42,776) |  |  | $ | 87,818 |
At December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 6,813,065 |  |  | $ | 3,145,031 |  |  | $ | 294,509 |  |  | $ | 10,252,605 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

2022 | PNM |  | TNMP |  | Corporate and Other |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Electric operating revenues | $ | 1,766,825 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |
Cost of energy |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Fuel burn | 299,411 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 299,411 |
Purchases for resale | 541,828 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 541,828 |
Trading mark-to-market | (456) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (456) |
Transmission by others | 23,230 |  |  | 123,928 |  |  | — |  |  | 147,158 |
Significant segment expenses |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Administrative and general - direct | 62,505 |  |  | 3,607 |  |  | 130,336 |  |  | 196,448 |
Administrative and general - corporate allocation | 115,416 |  |  | 42,293 |  |  | (157,709) |  |  | — |
Customer related expenses | 26,925 |  |  | 3,692 |  |  | 84 |  |  | 30,701 |
Energy production costs | 147,347 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 147,347 |
Regulatory disallowances | 832 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 832 |
Depreciation and amortization | 180,812 |  |  | 98,316 |  |  | 25,725 |  |  | 304,853 |
Transmission and distribution costs | 58,278 |  |  | 36,406 |  |  | — |  |  | 94,684 |
Taxes other than income taxes | 49,210 |  |  | 38,521 |  |  | 5,258 |  |  | 92,989 |
Total operating expenses | 1,505,338 |  |  | 346,763 |  |  | 3,694 |  |  | 1,855,795 |
Net other income and (deductions) | (62,196) |  |  | 8,653 |  |  | (999) |  |  | (54,542) |
Interest charges | (61,073) |  |  | (37,192) |  |  | (29,643) |  |  | (127,908) |
Income taxes (benefit) | 19,198 |  |  | 15,161 |  |  | (8,229) |  |  | 26,130 |
Valencia non-controlling interest | (15,122) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (15,122) |
Subsidiary preferred stock dividends | (528) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (528) |
Segment earnings (loss) attributable to TXNM | $ | 103,370 |  |  | $ | 92,267 |  |  | $ | (26,107) |  |  | $ | 169,530 |
At December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Assets | $ | 6,272,166 |  |  | $ | 2,746,601 |  |  | $ | 238,610 |  |  | $ | 9,257,377 |
Goodwill | $ | 51,632 |  |  | $ | 226,665 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 278,297 |

Significant Segment Expenses
Reflected above are certain additional categories of operating expenses that are regularly provided to the CODM. Cost of energy consists primarily of fuel and purchase power costs for PNM and costs charged by third-party transmission providers for TNMP. Administrative and general - direct expenses are those that are incurred directly by the segment while corporate allocation are those costs that are incurred by the corporate and other segment and allocated to the utilities based on the nature of the cost incurred. Corporate allocation is eliminated in the corporate and other segment. Customer related expenses include meter reading, customer service, and bad debt expenses.
Major Customers
PNM’s participation in EIM, operated by CAISO, accounted for approximately 4%, 15%, and 24% of electric operating revenues during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. These revenues are passed on to customers under PNM’s FPPAC with no impact to net earnings. Two REPs during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 accounted for more than 10% of the electric operating revenues of TNMP as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
REP A | 26 | % |  | 25 | % |  | 27 | %
REP B | 20 |  |  | 19 |  |  | 20 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(3)Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
AOCI reports a measure for accumulated changes in equity that result from transactions and other economic events other than transactions with shareholders. Information regarding AOCI is as follows:

| Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income (Loss)
| PNM |  |  |  | TXNM
| Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Securities |  | Pension Liability Adjustment |  | Total |  |  |  | Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges |  | Total
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 11,715 |  |  | $ | (83,651) |  |  | $ | (71,936) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (71,936) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (3,827) |  |  | 7,104 |  |  | 3,277 |  |  |  |  | (1,176) |  |  | 2,101 |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 972 |  |  | (1,804) |  |  | (832) |  |  |  |  | 299 |  |  | (533) |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | (1,928) |  |  | (4,565) |  |  | (6,493) |  |  |  |  | 12,285 |  |  | 5,792 |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | 490 |  |  | 1,159 |  |  | 1,649 |  |  |  |  | (3,121) |  |  | (1,472) |
Net after-tax change | (4,293) |  |  | 1,894 |  |  | (2,399) |  |  |  |  | 8,287 |  |  | 5,888 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 7,422 |  |  | (81,757) |  |  | (74,335) |  |  |  |  | 8,287 |  |  | (66,048) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (7,199) |  |  | 4,776 |  |  | (2,423) |  |  |  |  | 9,287 |  |  | 6,864 |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 1,828 |  |  | (1,212) |  |  | 616 |  |  |  |  | (2,359) |  |  | (1,743) |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | 11,529 |  |  | 1,389 |  |  | 12,918 |  |  |  |  | (15,483) |  |  | (2,565) |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | (2,928) |  |  | (353) |  |  | (3,281) |  |  |  |  | 3,933 |  |  | 652 |
Net after-tax change | 3,230 |  |  | 4,600 |  |  | 7,830 |  |  |  |  | (4,622) |  |  | 3,208 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 10,652 |  |  | (77,157) |  |  | (66,505) |  |  |  |  | 3,665 |  |  | (62,840) |
Amounts reclassified from AOCI (pre-tax) | (13,108) |  |  | 4,866 |  |  | (8,242) |  |  |  |  | 10,348 |  |  | 2,106 |
Income tax impact of amounts reclassified | 3,330 |  |  | (1,236) |  |  | 2,094 |  |  |  |  | (2,629) |  |  | (535) |
Other OCI changes (pre-tax) | (885) |  |  | (3,210) |  |  | (4,095) |  |  |  |  | (15,260) |  |  | (19,355) |
Income tax impact of other OCI changes | 225 |  |  | 815 |  |  | 1,040 |  |  |  |  | 3,876 |  |  | 4,916 |
Net after-tax change | (10,438) |  |  | 1,235 |  |  | (9,203) |  |  |  |  | (3,665) |  |  | (12,868) |
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 214 |  |  | $ | (75,922) |  |  | $ | (75,708) |  |  |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | (75,708) |

The Consolidated Statements of Earnings include pre-tax amounts reclassified from AOCI related to Unrealized Gains on Available-for-Sale Debt Securities in gains (losses) on investment securities, related to Pension Liability Adjustment in other (deductions), and related to Fair Value Adjustment for Cash Flow Hedges in interest charges. The income tax impacts of all amounts reclassified from AOCI are included in income taxes in the Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
(4) Electric Operating Revenues
Accounts Receivable and Allowance for Credit Losses
Accounts receivable consists primarily of trade receivables from customers. In the normal course of business, credit is extended to customers on a short-term basis. The Company estimates the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables based on historical experience and estimated default rates. Accounts receivable balances are reviewed monthly, adjustments to the allowance for credit losses are made as necessary and amounts that are deemed uncollectible are written off. In addition to the allowance for credit losses on trade receivables, the Company has evaluated other receivables for potential credit related losses. These balances include potential exposures for other non-retail utility services. In the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023, there were no estimated credit losses related to these transactions.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Revenue Recognition
Retail electric operating revenues are recorded in the period of energy delivery, which includes estimated amounts for service rendered but unbilled at the end of each accounting period. The determination of the energy sales billed to individual retail customers is based on the reading of their meters, which occurs on a systematic basis throughout the month. At the end of each month, amounts of energy delivered to customers since the date of the last meter reading and the corresponding unbilled revenue are estimated. Unbilled electric revenue is estimated based on daily generation volumes, estimated customer usage by class, line losses, historical trends and experience, applicable customer rates or by using AMS data where available. Amounts billed are generally due within the next month. The Company does not incur incremental costs to obtain contracts for its energy services.
PNM’s wholesale electricity sales are recorded as electric operating revenues and wholesale electricity purchases are recorded as costs of energy sold. Derivative contracts that are subject to unplanned netting are recorded net in earnings. A “book-out” is the planned or unplanned netting of off-setting purchase and sale transactions. A book-out is a transmission mechanism to reduce congestion on the transmission system or administrative burden. For accounting purposes, a book-out is the recording of net revenues upon the settlement of a derivative contract.
Unrealized gains and losses on derivative contracts that are not designated for hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power and fuel supply agreements, used to hedge generation assets and purchased power costs. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in results of operations, with changes related to economic hedges on sales included in operating revenues and changes related to economic hedges on purchases included in cost of energy sold. See Note 9.
The Company has collaborative arrangements related to its interest in SJGS, Four Corners, PVNGS, and Luna. The Company has determined that during the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 none of the joint owners in its collaborative arrangements were customers under Topic 606. The Company will continue to evaluate transactions between collaborative arrangement participants in future periods under the revenue recognition standard.
PNM and TNMP recognize revenue as they satisfy performance obligations, which typically occurs as the customer or end-user consumes the electric service provided. Electric services are typically for a bundle of services that are distinct and transferred to the end-user in one performance obligation measured by KWh or KW. Electric operating revenues are recorded in the period of energy delivery, including estimated unbilled amounts. The Company has elected to exclude all sales and similar taxes from revenue.
Revenue from contracts with customers is recorded based upon the total authorized tariff or market price at the time electric service is rendered, including amounts billed under arrangements qualifying as an Alternative Revenue Program (“ARP”). ARP arrangements are agreements between PNM or TNMP and its regulator that allow PNM or TNMP to adjust future rates in response to past activities or completed events, if certain criteria are met. ARP revenues are required to be reported separately from contracts with customers. ARP revenues in a given period include the recognition of “originating” ARP revenues (i.e. when the regulator-specific conditions are met) in the period, offset by the reversal of ARP revenues currently approved for recovery by the governing bodies.
Sources of Revenue
Additional information about the nature of revenues is provided below. Additional information about matters affecting PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated revenues is provided in Note 17.
Revenue from Contracts with Customers
PNM
NMPRC Regulated Retail Electric Service – PNM provides electric generation, transmission, and distribution service to its rate-regulated customers in New Mexico. PNM’s retail electric service territory covers a large area of north central New Mexico, including the cities of Albuquerque, Rio Rancho, and Santa Fe, and certain areas of southern New Mexico. Customer rates for retail electric service are set by the NMPRC and revenue is recognized as energy is delivered to the customer. PNM invoices customers on a monthly basis for electric service and generally collects billed amounts within one month.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Transmission Service to Third Parties – PNM owns transmission lines that are interconnected with other utilities in New Mexico, Texas, Arizona, Colorado, and Utah. Transmission customers receive service for the transmission of energy owned by the customer utilizing PNM’s transmission facilities. Customers generally receive transmission services, which are regulated by FERC, from PNM through PNM’s Open Access Transmission Tariff (“OATT”) or a specific contract. Customers are billed based on capacity and energy components on a monthly basis. PNM owns the Western Spirit Line and services under related transmission agreements use an incremental rate, approved by FERC, that is separate from the formula rate mechanism.
Wholesale Energy Sales – PNM engages in activities to optimize its existing jurisdictional assets and long-term power agreements through spot market, hour-ahead, day-ahead, week-ahead, month-ahead, and other sales of excess generation not required to fulfill retail load and contractual commitments. PNM participates in the EIM (a real-time wholesale energy trading market operated by the CAISO) that enables participating electric utilities to buy and sell energy. The NMPRC granted PNM authority to seek recovery of costs associated with joining the EIM, which have been included in the 2024 Rate Change and to pass the benefits of participating in EIM to customers through the FPPAC. PNM’s participation in EIM has significantly increased Electric operating revenues which are passed on to customers under PNM’s FPPAC with no impact to net earnings.
TNMP
PUCT Regulated Retail Electric Service – TNMP provides transmission and distribution services in Texas under the provisions of TECA and the Texas Public Utility Regulatory Act. TNMP is subject to traditional cost-of-service regulation with respect to rates and service under the jurisdiction of the PUCT and certain municipalities. TNMP’s transmission and distribution activities are solely within ERCOT and not subject to traditional rate regulation by FERC. TNMP provides transmission and distribution services at regulated rates to various REPs that, in turn, provide retail electric service to consumers within TNMP’s service territory. Revenue is recognized as energy is delivered to the consumer. TNMP invoices REPs on a monthly basis and is generally paid within a month.
TCOS – TNMP is a transmission service provider that is allowed to recover its TCOS through a network transmission rate that is approved by the PUCT. TCOS customers are other utilities that receive service for the transmission of energy owned by the customer utilizing TNMP’s transmission facilities.
Alternative Revenue Programs
The Company defers certain costs and records certain liabilities pursuant to the rate actions of the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC. ARP revenues, which are discussed above, include recovery or refund provisions under PNM’s renewable energy rider and true-ups to PNM’s formula transmission rates; transmission cost recovery factor, and the impacts of the PUCT’s January 25, 2018 order regarding the change in the federal corporate income tax rate; the energy efficiency incentive bonus at both PNM and TNMP; and PNM’s TOD rate pilot program. Regulatory assets and liabilities are recognized for the difference between ARP revenues and amounts currently approved for recovery by the governing bodies. Regulatory assets and liabilities are amortized into earnings as amounts are billed. TNMP’s 2018 Rate Case integrated AMS costs into base rates beginning January 1, 2019. These costs are being amortized into earnings as alternative revenues over a period of five years.
Other Electric Operating Revenues
Other electric operating revenues consist primarily of PNM’s economic hedges that meet the definition of a derivative and are therefore not considered revenue from contracts with customers. Derivative revenues include gains and losses representing changes in fair value (Note 9) and settlements from sales of electricity under forward sales contracts.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Disaggregation of Revenues
A disaggregation of revenues from contracts with customers by the type of customer is presented in the table below. The table also reflects ARP revenues and other revenues.

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |
Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  | (In thousands) |
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 541,581 |  |  | $ | 203,227 |  |  | $ | 744,808 |  |
Commercial |  | 460,311 |  |  | 166,858 |  |  | 627,169 |  |
Industrial |  | 123,754 |  |  | 35,300 |  |  | 159,054 |  |
Public authority |  | 23,161 |  |  | 7,329 |  |  | 30,490 |  |
Economy energy service |  | 25,481 |  |  | — |  |  | 25,481 |  |
Transmission |  | 141,058 |  |  | 157,049 |  |  | 298,107 |  |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 64,903 |  |  | — |  |  | 64,903 |  |
Miscellaneous |  | 5,776 |  |  | 3,813 |  |  | 9,589 |  |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,386,025 |  |  | 573,576 |  |  | 1,959,601 |  |
Alternative revenue programs |  | (9,720) |  |  | 18,535 |  |  | 8,815 |  |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 2,783 |  |  | — |  |  | 2,783 |  |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,379,088 |  |  | $ | 592,111 |  |  | $ | 1,971,199 |  |

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |
Year Ended December 31, 2023 |  | (In thousands) |
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 425,448 |  |  | $ | 190,953 |  |  | $ | 616,401 |  |
Commercial |  | 391,964 |  |  | 155,254 |  |  | 547,218 |  |
Industrial |  | 90,084 |  |  | 45,508 |  |  | 135,592 |  |
Public authority |  | 21,018 |  |  | 6,777 |  |  | 27,795 |  |
Economy energy service |  | 34,340 |  |  | — |  |  | 34,340 |  |
Transmission |  | 159,475 |  |  | 135,831 |  |  | 295,306 |  |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 248,801 |  |  | — |  |  | 248,801 |  |
Miscellaneous |  | 5,676 |  |  | 3,739 |  |  | 9,415 |  |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,376,806 |  | 1 | 538,062 |  |  | 1,914,868 |  | 1
Alternative revenue programs |  | 9,419 |  |  | (2,812) |  |  | 6,607 |  |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 17,723 |  |  | — |  |  | 17,723 |  |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,403,948 |  |  | $ | 535,250 |  |  | $ | 1,939,198 |  |

1 Included in revenue from contracts with customers at PNM and TXNM is a $128.7 million reduction associated with the SJGS abandonment settlement and a $38.4 million reduction associated with PVNGS leased capacity as a result of the NMPRC final order in the 2024 Rate Change.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

|  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
Year Ended December 31, 2022 |  | (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues: |  |  |  |  |  |
Contracts with customers: |  |  |  |  |  |
Retail electric revenue |  |  |  |  |  |
Residential |  | $ | 484,699 |  |  | $ | 187,951 |  |  | $ | 672,650 |
Commercial |  | 422,163 |  |  | 154,059 |  |  | 576,222 |
Industrial |  | 85,102 |  |  | 36,919 |  |  | 122,021 |
Public authority |  | 21,330 |  |  | 6,379 |  |  | 27,709 |
Economy energy service |  | 45,009 |  |  | — |  |  | 45,009 |
Transmission |  | 149,421 |  |  | 113,782 |  |  | 263,203 |
Wholesale energy sales |  | 534,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 534,196 |
Miscellaneous |  | 5,390 |  |  | 3,817 |  |  | 9,207 |
Total revenues from contracts with customers |  | 1,747,310 |  |  | 502,907 |  |  | 2,250,217 |
Alternative revenue programs |  | 692 |  |  | (20,177) |  |  | (19,485) |
Other electric operating revenues |  | 18,823 |  |  | — |  |  | 18,823 |
Total Electric Operating Revenues |  | $ | 1,766,825 |  |  | $ | 482,730 |  |  | $ | 2,249,555 |

Contract Balances
Performance obligations related to contracts with customers are typically satisfied when the energy is delivered, and the customer or end-user utilizes the energy. Accounts receivable from customers represent amounts billed, including amounts under ARPs. For PNM, accounts receivable reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, net of allowance for credit losses, includes $94.3 million and $93.6 million at December 31, 2024 and 2023 resulting from contracts with customers. All of TNMP’s accounts receivable results from contracts with customers.
Contract assets are an entity’s right to consideration in exchange for goods or services that the entity has transferred to a customer when that right is conditioned on something other than the passage of time (for example, the entity’s future performance). Upon the completion of the Western Spirit Line, PNM entered into a TSA with Pattern Wind under an incremental tariff rate approved by FERC. The terms of the agreement provide for a financing component that benefits the customer. As such, the revenue that PNM recognizes will be in excess of the consideration received at the beginning of the service term resulting in a contract asset. The balance of the contract asset was $32.0 million at December 31, 2024 and $22.1 million at December 31, 2023, and is included in Other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
Contract liabilities arise when consideration is received in advance from a customer before satisfying the performance obligations. Therefore, revenue is deferred and not recognized until the obligation is satisfied. Under its OATT, PNM accepts upfront consideration for capacity reservations requested by transmission customers, which requires PNM to defer the customer’s transmission capacity rights for a specific period of time. PNM recognizes the revenue of these capacity reservations over the period it defers the customer’s capacity rights. Other utilities pay PNM and TNMP in advance for the joint-use of their utility poles. These revenues are recognized over the period of time specified in the joint-use contract, typically for one calendar year. Deferred revenues on these arrangements are recorded as contract liabilities. TXNM’s, PNM’s, and TNMP’s contract liabilities and related revenues are not material for any of the periods presented. The Company has no other arrangements with remaining performance obligations to which a portion of the transaction price would be required to be allocated.
(5)Earnings and Dividends Per Share
Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net earnings attributable to TXNM by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share was computed by dividing net earnings attributable to TXNM by the diluted weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflect the potential dilution that could occur if securities or other agreements to issue common stock were settled. TXNM applies the treasury stock method for restricted stock, the 2022 ATM Program, and the 2024 ATM Program. The if-converted method is applied in determining the potential dilutive effect of the conversion of outstanding Convertible Notes.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Information regarding the computation of earnings per share and dividends per share is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands, except per share amounts)
Net Earnings Attributable to TXNM | $ | 242,154 |  |  | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |
Average Number of Common Shares: |  |  |  |  |
Outstanding during year | 90,214 |  |  | 86,038 |  |  | 85,835 |
Vested awards of restricted stock | 320 |  |  | 258 |  |  | 287 |
Average Shares – Basic | 90,534 |  |  | 86,296 |  |  | 86,122 |
Dilutive Effect of Common Stock Equivalents: |  |  |  |  |
TXNM ATM Programs | 12 |  |  | 38 |  |  | — |
Restricted stock | 45 |  |  | 35 |  |  | 47 |
Average Shares – Diluted | 90,591 |  |  | 86,369 |  |  | 86,169 |
Net Earnings Attributable to TXNM Per Share of Common Stock: |  |  |  |  |
Basic | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |
Diluted | $ | 2.67 |  |  | $ | 1.02 |  |  | $ | 1.97 |
Dividends Declared per Common Share | $ | 1.57 |  |  | $ | 1.49 |  |  | $ | 1.41 |

(6)Stockholders’ Equity
Common Stock and Equity Contributions
On August 2, 2024, TXNM increased the number of authorized shares of the Company’s common stock from 120,000,000 to 200,000,000.
On December 30, 2024, TXNM physically settled 2,458,951 shares sold under forward sales agreements pursuant to the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. The settlement included $0.8 million for issuance costs resulting in net proceeds of $98.6 million. Following this settlement, 1,104,641 shares of TXNM’s common stock remain subject to future settlement under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program.
On December 15, 2023, TXNM physically settled all 4,365,510 shares sold under forward sales agreements pursuant to the TXNM 2022 ATM Program. The settlement included $1.0 million for issuance costs resulting in net proceeds of $198.2 million. Following this settlement, no shares of TXNM’s common stock remained subject to future settlement under the TXNM 2022 ATM Program. TXNM, PNM, and TNMP did not issue any common stock during the years ended December 31, 2022 and 2021.
TXNM funded cash equity contributions to PNM of $55.0 million, zero, and zero in 2024, 2023, and 2022. TXNM funded $24.0 million, $40.9 million, and $68.0 million of cash equity contributions to TNMP in 2024, 2023, and 2022.
Dividends on Common Stock
The declaration of common dividends by TXNM is dependent upon a number of factors, including the ability of TXNM’s subsidiaries to pay dividends. TXNM’s primary sources of dividends are its operating subsidiaries.
PNM declared and paid cash dividends to TXNM of $51.0 million, zero, and $153.5 million in 2024, 2023, and 2022. TNMP did not declare or pay any cash dividends to TXNM in 2024, 2023, or 2022.
The NMPRC has placed certain restrictions on the ability of PNM to pay dividends to TXNM, including the restriction that PNM cannot pay dividends that cause its debt rating to fall below investment grade. The NMPRC provisions allow PNM to pay dividends, with at least 15 days prior notice, from current earnings, which is determined on a rolling four quarter basis, or from equity contributions previously made by TXNM. The Federal Power Act also imposes certain restrictions on dividends by public utilities. Debt-to-capitalization ratio requirements, as discussed in Note 7, remain at less than or equal to 65% for PNM and TNMP and less than or equal to 70% for TXNM. These debt-to-capitalization ratio requirements could limit the amounts of dividends that could be paid. PNM also has other financial covenants that limit the transfer of assets, through dividends or other means, including a requirement to obtain the approval of certain financial counterparties to transfer more than five percent of PNM’s assets. As of December 31, 2024, the 65% debt-to-capitalization covenant would restrict the payment of dividends from the retained earnings of PNM to $509.1 million, and the 65% debt-to-capitalization covenant would
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
restrict the payment of dividends by TNMP to $318.0 million. Similarly, the 70% debt-to-capitalization covenant would restrict the payment of dividends by TXNM to $775.0 million.
In addition, the ability of TXNM to declare dividends is dependent upon the extent to which cash flows will support dividends, the availability of retained earnings, financial circumstances and performance, current and future regulatory decisions, Congressional and legislative acts, and economic conditions. Conditions imposed by the NMPRC or PUCT, future growth plans and related capital requirements, and business considerations may also affect TXNM’s ability to pay dividends.
Preferred Stock
PNM’s cumulative preferred shares outstanding bear dividends at 4.58% per annum. PNM preferred stock does not have a mandatory redemption requirement, but may be redeemed, at PNM’s option, at 102% of the stated value plus accrued dividends. The holders of the PNM preferred stock are entitled to payment before the holders of common stock in the event of any liquidation or dissolution or distribution of assets of PNM. In addition, PNM’s preferred stock is not entitled to a sinking fund and cannot be converted into any other class of stock of PNM.
TXNM and TNMP have no preferred stock outstanding. The authorized shares of TXNM and TNMP preferred stock are 10 million shares and 1 million shares, respectively.
(7)Financing
The Company’s financing strategy includes both short-term and long-term borrowings. The Company utilizes short-term revolving credit facilities, as well as cash flows from operations, to provide funds for both construction and operating expenditures. Depending on market and other conditions, the Company will periodically sell long-term debt or enter into term loan arrangements and use the proceeds to reduce borrowings under the revolving credit facilities or refinance other debt. Each of the Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements contain a single financial covenant that requires the maintenance of a debt-to-capitalization ratio. For the TXNM agreements this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 70%, and for the PNM and TNMP agreements this ratio must be maintained at less than or equal to 65%. The Company’s revolving credit facilities, term loans, and other debt agreements generally also contain customary covenants, events of default, cross-default provisions, and change-of-control provisions.
PNM must obtain NMPRC approval for any financing transaction having a maturity of more than 18 months. In addition, PNM files its annual informational financing filing and short-term financing plan with the NMPRC.
Financing Activities
TXNM
At December 31, 2022, TXNM had $1.0 billion outstanding under the 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, among TXNM, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. As discussed below on June 30, 2023, $500.0 million under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan was prepaid, without penalty, with proceeds from the TXNM 2023 Term Loan. As discussed below, on June 21, 2024, proceeds from the Convertible Notes were used to prepay, without penalty, $449.0 million under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan. Draws on the TXNM 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan bear interest at a variable rate, which was 5.41% at December 31, 2024.
On March 2, 2022, TXNM filed a shelf registration that provides for the issuance of various types of debt and equity securities. The TXNM shelf registration statement expires in March 2025.
On November 10, 2022, TXNM entered into a distribution agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc. and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as sales agents, and Bank of America, N.A., MUFG Securities EMEA plc and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as forward purchasers, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate
sales price of $200.0 million of its common stock, no par value, through the sales agents (the “TXNM 2022 ATM Program”). Sales of the shares made pursuant to the distribution agreement may be made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. TXNM did not initially receive any proceeds upon the execution of this agreement.
Throughout 2023, TXNM entered into forward sale agreements, for the sale of shares of TXNM common stock. On December 15, 2023, TXNM physically settled the forward purchases under the TXNM 2022 ATM Program and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Cash proceeds shown below were reduced by $1.0 million in issuance costs resulting in net cash proceeds of $198.2 million.

Forward completion |  | Initial forward price |  |  |  | Shares |  | Settlement price |  | Settlement amount
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
March 15, 2023 |  | $ | 48.49 |  |  |  |  | 504,452 |  |  | $ | 49.00 |  |  | $ | 24,720 |
March 20, 2023 |  | 48.30 |  |  |  |  | 528,082 |  |  | 48.78 |  |  | 25,758
May 30, 2023 |  | 47.56 |  |  |  |  | 244,639 |  |  | 47.99 |  |  | 11,741
June 30, 2023 |  | 44.87 |  |  |  |  | 804,477 |  |  | 45.07 |  |  | 36,257
September 26, 2023 |  | 44.03 |  |  |  |  | 2,283,860 |  |  | 44.11 |  |  | 100,734
|  |  |  |  |  | 4,365,510 |  |  |  |  | $ | 199,210 |

On June 30, 2023, TXNM entered into a $500.0 million term loan agreement (the “TXNM 2023 Term Loan”) among TXNM, the lenders party thereto, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as administrative agent. The proceeds were used to prepay an equal amount of the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan, without penalty. As discussed below, on June 21, 2024, proceeds from the Convertible Notes were used to prepay, without penalty, $90.0 million under the TXNM 2023 Term Loan. The TXNM 2023 Term Loan matures on June 30, 2026 and bears interest at a variable rate, which was 5.81% at December 31, 2024.
On May 6, 2024, TXNM entered into a distribution agreement with BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets, Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Capital (USA) Inc., and Wells Fargo Securities, LLC, as sales agents, and Bank of America, N.A., Citibank, N.A., MUFG Securities EMEA plc, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia, and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A., as forward purchasers, pursuant to which the Company may sell, from time to time, up to an aggregate sales amount of $100.0 million of its common stock, no par value, through the sales agents (the “TXNM 2024 ATM Program”). On August 5, 2024, subsequent to approval by shareholders to increase TXNM’s authorized shares, the Company amended the distribution agreement increasing the aggregate sales amount from $100.0 million to $300.0 million of its common stock, no par value, that may be sold under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program. Sales of the shares made pursuant to the distribution agreement may be made in “at the market offerings” as defined in Rule 415 of the Securities Act. TXNM did not initially receive any proceeds upon the execution of this agreement.
TXNM entered into forward sales agreements with forward purchasers relating to the sale of 262,025 shares of common stock, at an initial forward sale price of $37.77 per share in the second quarter; 2,196,926 shares of common stock at a weighted average initial forward sale price of $40.58 per share in the third quarter; and 1,104,641 shares of common stock at a weighted average initial forward sale price of $44.83 per share in the fourth quarter. All initial forward prices under the agreements are subject to adjustments based on a net interest rate factor and by future dividends paid on TXNM common stock. On December 30, 2024, TXNM physically settled forward purchases under the TXNM 2024 ATM Program for 2,458,951 shares and used the proceeds to repay borrowings under the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility. Cash proceeds shown below were reduced by $0.8 million in issuance costs resulting in net cash proceeds of $98.6 million.

Forward completion |  | Initial forward price |  |  |  | Shares |  | Settlement price |  | Settlement amount
|  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | (in thousands)
May 13, 2024 |  | $ | 37.76 |  |  |  |  | 262,025 |  |  | $ | 38.01 |  |  | $ | 9,960 |
August 13, 2024 |  | 39.98 |  |  |  |  | 113,014 |  |  | 40.21 |  |  | 4,545
August 16, 2024 |  | 40.26 |  |  |  |  | 261,066 |  |  | 40.48 |  |  | 10,568
August 23, 2024 |  | 40.36 |  |  |  |  | 284,952 |  |  | 40.56 |  |  | 11,558
August 30, 2024 |  | 40.47 |  |  |  |  | 311,583 |  |  | 40.64 |  |  | 12,661
September 16, 2024 |  | 40.77 |  |  |  |  | 1,226,311 |  |  | 40.85 |  |  | 50,093
|  |  |  |  |  | 2,458,951 |  |  |  |  | $ | 99,385 |

As of December 31, 2024, 1,104,641 shares under forward sales agreements under the 2024 TXNM ATM Program remained unsettled.
On June 10, 2024, TXNM issued $500.0 million aggregate principal amount of junior subordinated convertible notes due 2054 (the “Convertible Notes”) in a private offering to qualified institutional buyers pursuant to Rule 144A under the Securities Act. The Convertible Notes are unsecured obligations of the Company and rank junior and subordinate in right of payment to the prior payment in full of the Company’s existing and future senior indebtedness. The Convertible Notes bear interest at a rate of 5.75% per year, payable semi-annually in arrears on June 1 and December 1, and mature on June 1, 2054, unless earlier
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
converted, redeemed, or repurchased in accordance with their terms. On June 21, 2024, TXNM issued an additional $50.0 million aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes, pursuant to an overallotment option granted by TXNM to the initial purchasers of the $500.0 million Convertible Notes. Proceeds from the Convertible Notes were used to prepay $449.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2021 Delayed Draw Term Loan and $90.0 million of borrowings under the TXNM 2023 Term Loan, without penalty, and for other corporate purposes.
TXNM may not redeem the Convertible Notes prior to June 6, 2029, except upon the occurrence of certain tax events, rating agency events or treasury stock events (each, a “special event”). TXNM may redeem for cash all, but not less than all, of the Convertibles Notes upon the occurrence of a special event at any time, at its option, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the Convertible Notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date. In addition, TXNM may redeem for cash all or part (subject to certain limitations on partial redemptions) of the Convertible Notes, at its option, on or after June 6, 2029, at a redemption price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the convertible notes to be redeemed, plus accrued and unpaid interest to, but excluding, the redemption date, if the last reported sale price of TXNM’s common stock has been at least 130% of the conversion price of the convertible notes then in effect for at least 20 trading days (whether or not consecutive) during any 30 consecutive trading day period (including the last trading day of such period) ending on, and including, the trading day immediately preceding the date on which TXNM provides notice of redemption. In each case, TXNM will not, and will not be permitted to, issue a notice of redemption, or specify a redemption date, during any interest deferral period.
Prior to the close of business on the business day immediately preceding December 1, 2053, the Convertible Notes will be convertible at the option of the holders only under certain conditions. On or after December 1, 2053 until the close of business on the second business day immediately preceding the maturity date, holders may convert all or any portion of their Convertible Notes at their option, at any time, at the conversion rate then in effect, irrespective of these conditions. Upon conversion of the Convertible Notes, TXNM will pay cash, or deliver an equal aggregate principal amount of a newly issued series of its nonconvertible junior subordinated notes with the same terms as the Convertible Notes (other than the conversion features and certain features in relation to redemption rights), in either case, up to the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted, and deliver shares of TXNM’s common stock in respect of the remainder, if any, of TXNM’s conversion obligation in excess of the aggregate principal amount of the Convertible Notes being converted.
The conversion rate for the Convertible Notes will initially be 22.4911 shares of TXNM’s common stock per $1,000 principal amount of the Convertible Notes, equivalent to an initial conversion price of $44.46 per share of common stock. The initial conversion price of the Convertible Notes represents a conversion premium of 17.5% above the last reported sale price of TXNM’s common stock on June 4, 2024. The conversion rate and the corresponding conversion price will be subject to adjustment by certain events such as increased dividends but will not adjust for any accrued or unpaid interest. In addition, following certain corporate events that occur prior to the maturity date of the Convertible Notes or if TXNM delivers a notice of a special event redemption, TXNM will, in certain circumstances, increase the conversion rate for a holder that elects to convert its Convertible Notes in connection with such a corporate event or such notice of special event redemption, as the case may be.
TXNM issued the Convertible Notes pursuant to an indenture (the “Convertible Notes Indenture”) dated as of June 10, 2024 between TXNM and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee. The Convertible Notes are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties, and covenants set forth in the Convertible Notes Indenture, which include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a fundamental change, as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture, TXNM may be required to repurchase, for cash, the aggregate principal amount of Convertible Notes plus accrued interest. TXNM may not redeem the Convertible notes prior to June 6, 2029 except upon the occurrence of a special event as defined in the Convertible Notes Indenture.
So long as no event of default with respect to the Convertible Notes has occurred and is continuing, TXNM may, at its option, defer interest payments on the Convertible Notes on one or more occasions for up to 20 consecutive semi-annual interest payment periods. During any deferral period, interest on the Convertible Notes will continue to accrue at the then-applicable interest rate on the Convertible Notes. In addition, during any deferral period, interest on deferred interest will accrue at the then-applicable interest rate on the Convertible Notes, compounded semi-annually, to the extent permitted by applicable law.
PNM
On June 18, 2021, PNM entered into a $75.0 million term loan agreement (the “PNM 2021 Term Loan”) between PNM and Bank of America, N.A., as lender. The PNM 2021 Term Loan was used to repay the PNM 2019 $40.0 million Term Loan
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
and for other corporate purposes. On August 5, 2022, the PNM 2021 Term Loan was prepaid without penalty with proceeds from the PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan discussed below.
At December 31, 2021, PNM had $104.5 million PCRBs outstanding with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2022, consisting of $36.0 million at 1.05% issued by the Maricopa County, Arizona Pollution Control Corporation with a final maturity of January 2038; $37.0 million at 2.125% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040; $11.5 million at 1.20% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040; and $20.0 million at 2.45% issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of September 2042. On June 1, 2022, PNM remarketed to new investors the $36.0 million and $37.0 million series in the tax-exempt market at 3.00% with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024. PNM purchased and redeemed the remaining two series of PCRBs, totaling $31.5 million, on June 1, 2022.
On August 5, 2022, PNM entered into a $225.0 million delayed-draw term loan agreement (the “PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan”), among PNM, the lender parties thereto, and Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent. PNM initially drew $180.0 million to prepay, without penalty, the $75.0 million PNM 2021 Term Loan ahead of its December 2022 maturity and for other corporate purposes. On September 30, 2022, PNM drew the remaining $45.0 million and used the proceeds for general corporate purposes. On November 15, 2023, upon receipts of funds from the sale of energy transition property to ETBC I discussed below, PNM prepaid the $225.0 million outstanding under the PNM 2022 Delayed-Draw Term Loan, without penalty.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $130.0 million of 1.10% PCRBs outstanding with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2023, issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a final maturity of June 2040. On June 1, 2023, PNM remarketed the $130.0 million to new investors at 3.90% with a mandatory tender date of June 1, 2028.
At December 31, 2022, PNM had $55.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 3.15% SUNs outstanding due May 2023. On May 15, 2023, PNM repaid the $55.0 million 3.15% SUNs.
On April 28, 2023, PNM entered into an agreement (the “PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale and issuance of $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of SUNs (the “PNM 2023 SUNs”) offered in private placement transactions. The PNM 2023 SUNs were issued on April 28, 2023. PNM issued $150.0 million of the PNM 2023 SUNs at 5.51%, due April 28, 2035, and another $50.0 million at 5.92%, due April 28, 2053. Proceeds from the PNM 2023 SUNs were used to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility and the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2023 Note Purchase Agreement includes the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, PNM will be required to offer to prepay the PNM 2023 SUNs at par. PNM has the right to redeem any or all of the PNM 2023 SUNs prior to their maturities, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On May 10, 2024, PNM entered into a $200.0 million term loan agreement (the “PNM 2024 Term Loan”), among PNM, the lenders party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as administrative agent. PNM used the proceeds of the PNM 2024 Term Loan to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2024 Term Loan bears interest at a variable rate, which was 5.40% at December 31, 2024, and must be repaid on or before November 10, 2025.
At December 31, 2023, PNM had outstanding $37.0 million of 3.00% PCRBs and $125.0 million of 1.15% PCRBs issued by the City of Farmington, New Mexico with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024 and final maturities of June 2040 and $36.0 million of 3.00% PCRBs issued by Maricopa County, Arizona with a mandatory remarketing date of June 1, 2024 and a final maturity of January 2038. On June 3, 2024, PNM remarketed these PCRBs aggregating $198.0 million to new investors at 3.875% with a mandatory tender date of June 1, 2029.
On January 21, 2025, PNM entered into a $195.0 million term loan agreement (the “PNM 2025 Term Loan”), among PNM, the lenders party thereto and Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, New York Branch, as administrative agent. PNM used the proceeds of the PNM 2025 Term Loan to repay borrowings under the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, and for general corporate purposes. The PNM 2025 Term Loan bears interest at a variable rate and must be repaid on or before July 21, 2026.
ETBC I
On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued $343.2 million aggregate principal amount of its senior secured energy transition bonds, Series A (“ETBC I Securitized Bonds”) in two tranches. The first tranche of $175.0 million aggregate principal amount
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
was issued at an interest rate of 5.64% with an expected final payment due in August 2040. The second tranche of $168.2 million aggregate principal amount was issued at an interest rate of 6.03% with an expected final payment due in August 2048. Each tranche is subject to fixed, scheduled, semi-annual payments of principal and interest beginning on August 15, 2024 with $6.9 million included as Current installments of long-term debt on the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2024. The ETBC I Securitized Bonds were offered pursuant to a prospectus dated November 7, 2023 and are governed by an indenture between ETBC I and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as indenture trustee dated as of November 15, 2023. ETBC I used the proceeds from the issuance of the ETBC I Securitized Bonds to purchase energy transition property (Note 16) from PNM. See Note 10.
TNMP
On April 27, 2022, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2022 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $160.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2022 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued the first series of $65.0 million of the TNMP 2022 Bonds on May 12, 2022, at a 4.13% interest rate, due May 12, 2052, and the second series of $95.0 million of the TNMP 2022 Bonds on July 28, 2022, at a 3.81% interest rate, due July 28, 2032. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2022 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indenture governing the TNMP 2022 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2022 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2022 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2022 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On April 28, 2023, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2023 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $185.0 million aggregate principal amount of two series of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2023 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued the first series of $130.0 million on April 28, 2023, at a 5.01% interest rate, due April 28, 2033. The second series of $55.0 million was issued on July 28, 2023, at a 5.47% interest rate, due July 28, 2053. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2023 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2023 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2023 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2023 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2023 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On March 28, 2024, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2024 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $285.0 million aggregate principal amount of four series of TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2024 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued the first two series on March 28, 2024, consisting of $32.0 million at a 5.26% interest rate, due March 28, 2029, and $85.0 million at a 5.55% interest rate, due March 28, 2036. The third and fourth series were issued on July 1, 2024, consisting of $40.0 million at a 5.65% interest rate, due July 1, 2039, and $128.0 million at a 5.79% interest rate, due July 1, 2054. The proceeds were used to repay existing debt, including the $80.0 million of 4.03% TNMP FMBs that were due July 2024 and borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2024 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2024 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2024 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of certain changes of control of TXNM or TNMP, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2024 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2024 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
On February 14, 2025, TNMP entered into an agreement (the “TNMP 2025 Bond Purchase Agreement”) with institutional investors for the sale of $140.0 million aggregate principal amount of its 5.19% TNMP first mortgage bonds (the “TNMP 2025 Bonds”) offered in private placement transactions. TNMP issued all $140.0 million at a 5.19% interest rate, due April 1, 2031. The proceeds were used to repay borrowings under the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, for funding of capital expenditures, and for other corporate purposes. The TNMP 2025 Bonds are subject to continuing compliance with the representations, warranties and covenants set forth in the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2025 Bonds. The terms of the supplemental indentures governing the TNMP 2025 Bonds include the customary covenants discussed above. In the event of a change of control, TNMP will be required to offer to prepay the TNMP 2025 Bonds at par. TNMP has the right to redeem any or all of the TNMP 2025 Bonds prior to their maturity, subject to payment of a customary make-whole premium.
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Table of Contents
TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Interest Rate Hedging Activities
TXNM has entered into hedging agreements that establish a fixed rate for the indicated amount of variable rate debt, above which a customary spread is applied, which is subject to change if there is a change in TXNM’s credit rating. As of December 31, 2023, TXNM’s hedging agreements were as follows:

|  |  |  | Variable Rate |  | Established
Effective Date |  | Maturity Date |  | Debt Hedged |  | Fixed Rate
|  |  |  | (In millions) |  | (Percent)
March 17, 2023 |  | September 30, 2023 |  | $ | 150.0 |  |  | 4.57 | %
October 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.65 |
October 31, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.66 |
September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.17 |
September 30, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
May 20, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 2.52 |
May 2, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 2.65 |
May 2, 2022 |  | December 31, 2023 |  | 200.0 |  |  | 2.65 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.32 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.32 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.38 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 3.62 |
January 1, 2024 |  | December 31, 2024 |  | 150.0 |  |  | 3.57 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 4.18 |
January 1, 2025 |  | December 31, 2025 |  | 100.0 |  |  | 3.99 |

Throughout 2023 and 2024, these hedging agreements were accounted for as cash flow hedges. At December 31, 2023, the fair value of the active hedging agreements was a gain of $7.2 million that was included in Other current assets and a loss of $2.3 million that was included in Other deferred credits on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Fair values were determined using Level 2 inputs under GAAP, including using forward SOFR curves under the mid-market convention to discount cash flows over the remaining term of the agreements. In November 2024, TXNM unwound and settled the $300.0 million of hedging agreements that were expected to mature on December 31, 2025, and on December 31, 2024, the remaining $600.0 million of hedging agreements matured. TXNM had no active hedging agreements at December 31, 2024.
Borrowing Arrangements Between TXNM and its Subsidiaries
TXNM has intercompany loan agreements with its subsidiaries. Individual subsidiary loan agreements vary in amount up to $150.0 million and have either reciprocal or non-reciprocal terms. Interest charged to the subsidiaries is equivalent to interest paid by TXNM on its short-term borrowings or the money-market interest rate if TXNM does not have any short-term borrowings outstanding. All balances outstanding under intercompany loan agreements are eliminated upon consolidation. See Note 1. PNM and TNMP had no borrowings from TXNM at December 31, 2024 and 2023. PNMR Development had zero and $2.3 million in short-term borrowings outstanding from TXNM at December 31, 2024 and 2023. TXNM had $1.5 million and zero in short-term borrowings outstanding from PNMR Development at December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Short-term Debt and Liquidity
As of December 31, 2024, the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility had a financing capacity of $300.0 million and the PNM Revolving Credit Facility had a financing capacity of $400.0 million. On April 1, 2024, TXNM and PNM amended their respective revolving credit facilities, extending their maturity to March 30, 2029, with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity to March 2031, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. PNM also has the $40.0 million PNM New Mexico Credit Facility with a maturity of May 20, 2026. As of December 31, 2023, the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility had a capacity of $100.0 million, secured by $100.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP first mortgage bonds. On April 1, 2024, TNMP entered into a new $200.0 million Revolving Credit Facility that replaced the $100.0 million Revolving Credit Facility. The new $200.0 million Revolving Credit Facility is secured by $200.0 million aggregate principal amount of TNMP first mortgage bonds and has a maturity of March 30, 2029, with two one-year extension options that, if exercised, would extend the maturity to March 2031, subject to approval by a majority of the lenders. Variable interest rates under the TXNM, PNM, and TNMP revolving credit facilities are based on SOFR.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Short-term debt outstanding consists of:

|  | December 31,
Short-term Debt |  | 2024 |  | 2023
|  | (In thousands)
PNM: |  |  |  |
PNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | $ | 323,800 |  |  | $ | 107,500 |
PNM New Mexico Credit Facility |  | 40,000 |  |  | 30,000 |
|  | 363,800 |  |  | 137,500 |
TNMP Revolving Credit Facility |  | 151,600 |  |  | 55,100 |
TXNM: |  |  |  |
TXNM Revolving Credit Facility |  | 93,900 |  |  | 69,300 |
|  | $ | 609,300 |  |  | $ | 261,900 |

In addition to the above borrowings, TXNM, PNM, and TNMP had letters of credit outstanding of $3.1 million, zero, and zero at December 31, 2024, that reduce the available capacity under their respective revolving credit facilities. TXNM also has $30.3 million of letters of credit outstanding under the WFB LOC Facility. At December 31, 2024, interest rates on outstanding borrowings were 5.73% for the PNM Revolving Credit Facility, 5.81% for the PNM New Mexico Credit Facility, 5.37% for the TNMP Revolving Credit Facility, and 5.96% for the TXNM Revolving Credit Facility.
Long-Term Debt
Information concerning long-term debt outstanding and unamortized (premiums), discounts, and debt issuance costs is as follows:

|  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net
|  | (In thousands)
PNM Debt |
ETBC I - Senior Secured Energy Transition Bonds |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Series A-1, 5.64% |  | $ | 172,471 |  |  | $ | 1,025 |  |  | $ | 175,000 |  |  | $ | 1,093 |
Series A-2, 6.03% |  | 168,200 |  |  | 1,014 |  |  | 168,200 |  |  | 1,057 |
Senior Unsecured Notes, Pollution Control Revenue Bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2.15% due April 2033 |  | 146,000 |  |  | 736 |  |  | 146,000 |  |  | 824 |
3.00% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 37,000 |  |  | 88 |
0.875% mandatory tender - October 1, 2026 |  | 100,345 |  |  | 257 |  |  | 100,345 |  |  | 403 |
3.00% due January 2038, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 36,000 |  |  | 87 |
1.15% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 125,000 |  |  | 132 |
3.90% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2028 |  | 130,000 |  |  | 796 |  |  | 130,000 |  |  | 1,029 |
3.875% due June 2040, mandatory tender - June 1, 2029 |  | 162,000 |  |  | 1,158 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
3.875% due January 2038, mandatory tender - June 1, 2029 |  | 36,000 |  |  | 258 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Senior Unsecured Notes: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
3.45% due May 2025 |  | 104,000 |  |  | 39 |  |  | 104,000 |  |  | 143 |
3.85% due August 2025 |  | 250,000 |  |  | 174 |  |  | 250,000 |  |  | 477 |
3.68% due May 2028 |  | 88,000 |  |  | 209 |  |  | 88,000 |  |  | 271 |
3.78% due August 2028 |  | 15,000 |  |  | 38 |  |  | 15,000 |  |  | 48 |
3.93% due May 2033 |  | 38,000 |  |  | 149 |  |  | 38,000 |  |  | 167 |
4.22% due May 2038 |  | 45,000 |  |  | 212 |  |  | 45,000 |  |  | 228 |
4.50% due May 2048 |  | 20,000 |  |  | 110 |  |  | 20,000 |  |  | 114 |
4.60% due August 2048 |  | 85,000 |  |  | 470 |  |  | 85,000 |  |  | 490 |
3.21% due April 2030 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 852 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 1,011 |
3.57% due April 2039 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 398 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 426 |
2.59% due July 2033 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 328 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 366 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

|  | December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
|  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net |  | Principal |  | Unamortized Discounts, (Premiums), and Issuance Costs, net
|  | (In thousands)
PNM Debt (Continued) |
3.14% due July 2041 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 381 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 404 |
2.29% due December 2031 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 205 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 235 |
2.97% due December 2041 |  | 100,000 |  |  | 499 |  |  | 100,000 |  |  | 528 |
5.51% due April 2035 |  | 150,000 |  |  | 779 |  |  | 150,000 |  |  | 854 |
5.92% due April 2053 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 280 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 290 |
PNM 2024 $200.0 Million Term Loan due November 2025 |  | 200,000 |  |  | 57 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 2,470,016 |  |  | 10,424 |  |  | 2,272,545 |  |  | 10,765 |
Less current maturities |  | 560,907 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 200,529 |  |  | 307 |
|  | 1,909,109 |  |  | 10,154 |  |  | 2,072,016 |  |  | 10,458 |
TNMP Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
First Mortgage Bonds: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
6.95% due April 2043 |  | 93,198 |  |  | (13,056) |  |  | 93,198 |  |  | (13,771) |
4.03% due July 2024 |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 53 |
3.53% due February 2026 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 91 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 174 |
3.22% due August 2027 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 209 |
3.85% due June 2028 |  | 60,000 |  |  | 219 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 281 |
3.79% due March 2034 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 347 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 385 |
3.92% due March 2039 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 429 |
4.06% due March 2044 |  | 75,000 |  |  | 433 |  |  | 75,000 |  |  | 456 |
3.60% due July 2029 |  | 80,000 |  |  | 270 |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 330 |
2.73% due April 2030 |  | 85,000 |  |  | 445 |  |  | 85,000 |  |  | 530 |
3.36% due April 2050 |  | 25,000 |  |  | 210 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 218 |
2.93% due July 2035 |  | 25,000 |  |  | 175 |  |  | 25,000 |  |  | 191 |
3.36% due July 2050 |  | 50,000 |  |  | 424 |  |  | 50,000 |  |  | 441 |
2.44% due August 2035 |  | 65,000 |  |  | 382 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 418 |
4.13% due May 2052 |  | 65,000 |  |  | 409 |  |  | 65,000 |  |  | 424 |
3.81% due July 2032 |  | 95,000 |  |  | 505 |  |  | 95,000 |  |  | 572 |
5.01% due April 2033 |  | 130,000 |  |  | 610 |  |  | 130,000 |  |  | 682 |
5.47% due July 2053 |  | 55,000 |  |  | 286 |  |  | 55,000 |  |  | 296 |
5.26% due March 2029 |  | 32,000 |  |  | 189 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.55% due March 2036 |  | 85,000 |  |  | 538 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.65% due July 2039 |  | 40,000 |  |  | 256 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
5.79% due July 2054 |  | 128,000 |  |  | 833 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,458,198 |  |  | (5,881) |  |  | 1,253,198 |  |  | (7,682) |
Less current maturities |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 80,000 |  |  | 53 |
|  | 1,458,198 |  |  | (5,881) |  |  | 1,173,198 |  |  | (7,735) |
TXNM Debt |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TXNM 2021 Delayed-Draw Term Loan due May 2025 |  | 51,000 |  |  | 34 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 114 |
TXNM 2023 Term Loan due June 2026 |  | 410,000 |  |  | 441 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 735 |
5.75% TXNM Junior Subordinated Convertible Notes due June 2054 |  | 550,000 |  |  | 10,828 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 1,011,000 |  |  | 11,303 |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 849 |
Less current maturities |  | 51,000 |  |  | 34 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
|  | 960,000 |  |  | 11,269 |  |  | 1,000,000 |  |  | 849 |
Total Consolidated TXNM Debt |  | 4,939,214 |  |  | 15,846 |  |  | 4,525,743 |  |  | 3,932 |
Less current maturities |  | 611,907 |  |  | 304 |  |  | 280,529 |  |  | 360 |
|  | $ | 4,327,307 |  |  | $ | 15,542 |  |  | $ | 4,245,214 |  |  | $ | 3,572 |

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Table of Contents
TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Reflecting mandatory tender dates, long-term debt maturities as of December 31, 2024, are follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
2025 | $ | 51,000 |  |  | $ | 560,907 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 611,907 |
2026 | 410,000 |  |  | 107,648 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 577,648 |
2027 | — |  |  | 7,721 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 67,721 |
2028 | — |  |  | 241,162 |  |  | 60,000 |  |  | 301,162 |
2029 | — |  |  | 206,629 |  |  | 112,000 |  |  | 318,629 |
Thereafter | 550,000 |  |  | 1,345,949 |  |  | 1,166,198 |  |  | 3,062,147 |
Total | $ | 1,011,000 |  |  | $ | 2,470,016 |  |  | $ | 1,458,198 |  |  | $ | 4,939,214 |

(8)Lease Commitments
The Company enters into various lease agreements to meet its business needs and to satisfy the needs of its customers. The Company accounts for contracts that convey the use and control of identified assets for a period of time as leases. The Company classifies leases as operating or financing by evaluating the terms of the lease agreement. Agreements under which the Company is likely to utilize substantially all of the economic value or life of the asset or that the Company is likely to own at the end of the lease term, either through purchase or transfer of ownership, are classified as financing leases. Leases not meeting these criteria are accounted for as operating leases. Agreements under which the Company is a lessor are insignificant. TXNM, PNM, and TNMP determine present value for their leases using their incremental borrowing rates at the commencement date of the lease or, when readily available, the rate implicit in the agreement. The Company leases office buildings, vehicles, energy storage facilities, and other equipment. In addition, PNM had lease interests in PVNGS and certain rights-of-way agreements that are classified as leases. All of the Company’s leases with fixed-payment terms in excess of one year are recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets by recording a present value lease liability and a corresponding right-of-use asset. Operating lease expense is recognized within operating expenses according to the use of the asset on a straight-line basis. Financing lease costs, which are comprised primarily of fleet and office equipment leases commencing after January 1, 2019, are recognized by amortizing the right-of-use asset on a straight-line basis and by recording interest expense on the lease liability. Financing lease right-of-use assets amortization is reflected in depreciation and amortization and interest on financing lease liabilities is reflected as interest charges on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Earnings.
PVNGS
In 1985 and 1986, PNM entered into leases for its interest in PVNGS Unit 1 and 2. The leases initially were scheduled to expire in January 2015 for four Unit 1 leases and January 2016 for four Unit 2 leases. Following procedures set forth in the PVNGS leases, PNM notified four of the lessors under the Unit 1 leases and one lessor under the Unit 2 lease that it would elect to renew those leases on the expiration date of the original leases. The four Unit 1 leases expired in January 2023 and the one Unit 2 lease expired in January 2024. PNM has no further lease payments related to PVNGS Unit 1 or 2.
On April 5, 2021, PNM and Salt River Project entered into an Asset Purchase and Sale Agreement, pursuant to which PNM agreed to sell to Salt River Project certain PNM-owned assets and nuclear fuel necessary to the ongoing operation and maintenance of leased capacity in PVNGS Unit 1 and Unit 2. In January 2023, the Unit 1 leases expired, and PNM closed on the associated sale to Salt River Project, receiving payments of $33.7 million, of which $28.4 million was recorded as a reduction to Net utility plant on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from investing activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In addition, $5.3 million was recorded as a reduction to materials, supplies, and fuel stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In January 2024, the Unit 2 leases expired, and PNM closed on the associated sale to Salt River Project, receiving payments of $3.4 million, of which $2.8 million was recorded as a reduction to Net utility plant on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from investing activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows. In addition, $0.6 million was recorded as a reduction to Materials, supplies and fuel stock on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and is presented as cash flows from operating activities on the Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Land Easements and Rights-of-Ways
Many of PNM’s electric transmission and distribution facilities are located on lands that require the grant of rights-of-way from governmental entities, Native American tribes, or private parties. PNM has completed several renewals of rights-of-way, the largest of which is a renewal with the Navajo Nation. PNM is obligated to pay the Navajo Nation annual payments of $6.0 million, subject to adjustment each year based on the Consumer Price Index, through 2029. PNM’s April 2024 payment for the amount due under the Navajo Nation right-of-way lease was $8.6 million, which included amounts due under the Consumer Price Index adjustment. Changes in the Consumer Price Index subsequent to January 1, 2019, are considered variable lease payments.
PNM has other prepaid rights-of-way agreements that are not accounted for as leases or recognized as a component of plant in service. PNM reflects the unamortized balance of these prepayments in other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes amortization expense associated with these agreements in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings over their term. As of December 31, 2024 and 2023, the unamortized balance of these rights-of-ways was $67.1 million and $56.2 million. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, PNM recognized amortization expense associated with these agreements of $4.3 million, $3.5 million, and $3.8 million.
Fleet Vehicles and Equipment
Fleet vehicle and equipment leases commencing on or after January 1, 2019, are classified as financing leases. Fleet vehicle and equipment leases existing as of December 31, 2018, are classified as operating leases. The Company’s fleet vehicle and equipment lease agreements include non-lease components for insignificant administrative and other costs that are billed over the life of the agreement. At December 31, 2024, residual value guarantees on fleet vehicle and equipment leases are $0.7 million, $0.9 million, and $1.6 million for PNM, TNMP, and TXNM Consolidated.
Energy Storage Agreements
PNM has entered into various ESAs with fixed payments over the life of the agreements. These types of agreements are accounted for as operating leases. In the fourth quarter of 2024, an energy storage facility with an aggregate capacity of 100 MW began commercial operation and PNM recorded lease liabilities with a corresponding right-of-use asset of $101.5 million. PNM has also entered into ESAs with monthly payments that vary depending on the available capacity of the storage facility. These types of ESAs are accounted for as operating leases with variable consideration and do not require a lease liability or right-of-use asset. In the fourth quarter of 2024, a 300MW energy storage agreement with payments that depend on available capacity began commercial operation. The expense for this lease is reflected in variable lease expense in the tables below. In addition, the Company has elected to separate lease components from non-lease components for ESAs and accordingly, does not include non-lease components in the measurement of the lease liability or right-of-use asset. The non-lease components which are not included in the measurement of the lease liability or the corresponding right-of-use asset, comprises of 25.5% of the value of the agreements.
Information related to the Company’s operating leases recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is presented below:

| December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating lease assets, net of amortization | $ | 271,433 |  |  | $ | 923 |  |  | $ | 272,894 |  |  | $ | 180,370 |  |  | $ | 1,814 |  |  | $ | 182,201 |
Current portion of operating lease liabilities | 13,542 |  |  | 713 |  |  | 14,293 |  |  | 11,371 |  |  | 895 |  |  | 12,267 |
Long-term portion of operating lease liabilities | 254,702 |  |  | 167 |  |  | 255,376 |  |  | 166,191 |  |  | 809 |  |  | 167,000 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
As discussed above, the Company classifies its fleet vehicle and equipment leases and its office equipment leases commencing on or after January 1, 2019, as financing leases. Information related to the Company’s financing leases recorded on the Consolidated Balance Sheets is presented below:

| December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Financing leases: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Non-utility property | $ | 24,548 |  |  | $ | 24,420 |  |  | $ | 50,144 |  |  | $ | 25,425 |  |  | $ | 24,487 |  |  | $ | 49,981 |
Accumulated depreciation | (10,997) |  |  | (13,411) |  |  | (24,604) |  |  | (11,984) |  |  | (11,869) |  |  | (23,905) |
Non-utility property, net | $ | 13,551 |  |  | $ | 11,009 |  |  | $ | 25,540 |  |  | $ | 13,441 |  |  | $ | 12,618 |  |  | $ | 26,076 |
Other current liabilities | $ | 4,311 |  |  | $ | 4,527 |  |  | $ | 9,126 |  |  | $ | 4,146 |  |  | $ | 4,616 |  |  | $ | 8,776 |
Other deferred credits | 9,262 |  |  | 6,504 |  |  | 16,470 |  |  | 9,300 |  |  | 8,023 |  |  | 17,326 |

Information concerning the weighted average remaining lease terms and the weighted average discount rates used to determine the Company’s lease liabilities is presented below:

| December 31, 2024 |  | December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
Weighted average remaining lease term (years): |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 17.52 |  | 1.10 |  | 17.45 |  | 16.79 |  | 1.65 |  | 16.65
Financing leases | 3.51 |  | 2.80 |  | 3.20 |  | 3.81 |  | 3.08 |  | 3.45
Weighted average discount rate: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | 5.68 | % |  | 4.41 | % |  | 5.68 | % |  | 5.61 | % |  | 4.16 | % |  | 5.60 | %
Financing leases | 5.08 |  |  | 5.19 |  |  | 5.12 |  |  | 4.54 |  |  | 4.63 |  |  | 4.58 |

Information for the components of lease expense is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, 2024
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Energy storage leases | $ | 13,353 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 13,353 |
Other operating leases | 7,722 |  |  | 907 |  |  | 8,679 |
Amounts capitalized | (101) |  |  | (793) |  |  | (894) |
Total operating lease expense | 20,974 |  |  | 114 |  |  | 21,138 |
Financing lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 4,554 |  |  | 5,129 |  |  | 9,889 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 603 |  |  | 595 |  |  | 1,229 |
Amounts capitalized | (3,227) |  |  | (4,648) |  |  | (7,875) |
Total financing lease expense | 1,930 |  |  | 1,076 |  |  | 3,243 |
Variable lease expense | 3,900 |  |  | — |  |  | 3,900 |
Short-term lease expense | 714 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 787 |
Total lease expense for the period | $ | 27,518 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |  |  | $ | 29,068 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

| Year Ended December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  |
Energy storage leases | $ | 4,351 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 4,351 |
Other operating leases | 11,127 |  |  | 1,479 |  |  | 12,606 |
Amounts capitalized | (374) |  |  | (1,298) |  |  | (1,672) |
Total operating lease expense | 15,104 |  |  | 181 |  |  | 15,285 |
Financing lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 4,566 |  |  | 4,634 |  |  | 9,253 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 562 |  |  | 497 |  |  | 1,060 |
Amounts capitalized | (3,190) |  |  | (4,250) |  |  | (7,440) |
Total financing lease expense | 1,938 |  |  | 881 |  |  | 2,873 |
Variable lease expense | 1,342 |  |  | — |  |  | 1,342 |
Short-term lease expense | 675 |  |  | 29 |  |  | 782 |
Total lease expense for the period | $ | 19,059 |  |  | $ | 1,091 |  |  | $ | 20,282 |

| Year Ended December 31, 2022
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Operating lease cost |  |  |  |  |
Other operating leases | $ | 26,764 |  |  | $ | 2,020 |  |  | $ | 28,835 |
Amounts capitalized | (690) |  |  | (1,728) |  |  | (2,417) |
Total operating lease expense | 26,074 |  |  | 292 |  |  | 26,418 |
Financing lease cost: |  |  |  |  |
Amortization of right-of-use assets | 3,175 |  |  | 3,279 |  |  | 6,529 |
Interest on lease liabilities | 327 |  |  | 330 |  |  | 659 |
Amounts capitalized | (2,264) |  |  | (3,208) |  |  | (5,471) |
Total financing lease expense | 1,238 |  |  | 401 |  |  | 1,717 |
Variable lease expense | 890 |  |  | — |  |  | 890 |
Short-term lease expense (1) | 3,058 |  |  | 5 |  |  | 3,109 |
Total lease expense for the period | $ | 31,260 |  |  | $ | 698 |  |  | $ | 32,134 |

(1) Includes expense of $2.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022 for rental of temporary cooling towers associated with the SJGS Unit 1 outage. These amounts are partially offset with insurance reimbursements of $2.7 million for the twelve months ended December 31, 2022.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Supplemental cash flow information related to the Company’s leases is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31, 2024 |  | Year Ended December 31, 2023
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated |  | PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
| (In thousands)
Cash paid for amounts included in the measurement of lease liabilities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating cash flows from operating leases | $ | 21,277 |  |  | $ | 47 |  |  | $ | 21,368 |  |  | $ | 21,575 |  |  | $ | 110 |  |  | $ | 21,685 |
Operating cash flows from financing leases | 206 |  |  | 102 |  |  | 340 |  |  | 183 |  |  | 73 |  |  | 256 |
Financing cash flows from financing leases | 1,707 |  |  | 971 |  |  | 2,872 |  |  | 1,671 |  |  | 802 |  |  | 2,527 |
Non-cash information related to right-of-use assets obtained in exchange for lease obligations: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Operating leases | $ | 101,594 |  |  | $ | 100 |  |  | $ | 102,261 |  |  | $ | 138,204 |  |  | $ | 6 |  |  | $ | 138,210 |
Financing leases | 4,962 |  |  | 3,715 |  |  | 9,850 |  |  | 6,421 |  |  | 5,407 |  |  | 11,828 |

Capitalized lease costs are reflected as investing activities on the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the twelve months ended December 31, 2024 and 2023.
Future expected lease payments are shown below:

| As of December 31, 2024
| PNM |  | TNMP |  | TXNM Consolidated
|  |  | Operating |  |  |  |  |  |  |  | Operating
| Financing |  | Energy Storage |  | Other |  | Financing |  | Operating |  | Financing |  | Energy Storage |  | Other
| (In thousands)
2025 | $ | 4,879 |  |  | $ | 20,333 |  |  | $ | 7,101 |  |  | $ | 4,971 |  |  | $ | 808 |  |  | $ | 10,181 |  |  | $ | 20,333 |  |  | $ | 7,976 |
2026 | 4,300 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,042 |  |  | 3,635 |  |  | 90 |  |  | 8,258 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,201 |
2027 | 3,019 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,046 |  |  | 2,186 |  |  | 14 |  |  | 5,507 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,131 |
2028 | 1,640 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,049 |  |  | 811 |  |  | 11 |  |  | 2,571 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,133 |
2029 | 568 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,036 |  |  | 258 |  |  | — |  |  | 826 |  |  | 20,333 |  |  | 7,111 |
Later years | 230 |  |  | 287,100 |  |  | 3,550 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 230 |  |  | 287,100 |  |  | 3,902 |
Total minimum lease payments | 14,636 |  |  | 388,765 |  |  | 38,824 |  |  | 11,861 |  |  | 923 |  |  | 27,573 |  |  | 388,765 |  |  | 40,454 |
Less: Imputed interest | 1,063 |  |  | 154,931 |  |  | 4,414 |  |  | 830 |  |  | 43 |  |  | 1,977 |  |  | 154,932 |  |  | 4,618 |
Lease liabilities | $ | 13,573 |  |  | $ | 233,834 |  |  | $ | 34,410 |  |  | $ | 11,031 |  |  | $ | 880 |  |  | $ | 25,596 |  |  | $ | 233,833 |  |  | $ | 35,836 |

The above table includes $12.7 million, $10.4 million, and $23.3 million for PNM, TNMP, and TXNM at December 31, 2024 for expected future payments on fleet vehicle and equipment leases that could be avoided if the leased assets were returned and the lessor is able to recover estimated market value for the equipment from third parties.
At December 31, 2024, the Company has various lease arrangements that have been executed but have not yet commenced, which are primarily related to ESAs. The Company currently expects lease commencement dates in 2025 and 2029, with lease terms expiring in 2044 and 2045, and will recognize lease assets and liabilities upon lease commencement. The expected total fixed consideration to be paid for these arrangements, which includes non-lease payments, is approximately $226.3 million over the 20-year terms of the agreements.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(9)Fair Value of Derivative and Other Financial Instruments
Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value is based on current market quotes as available and is supplemented by modeling techniques and assumptions made by the Company to the extent quoted market prices or volatilities are not available. External pricing input availability varies based on commodity location, market liquidity, and term of the agreement. Valuations of derivative assets and liabilities take into account nonperformance risk, including the effect of counterparties’ and the Company’s credit risk. The Company regularly assesses the validity and availability of pricing data for its derivative transactions. Although the Company uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of these instruments, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.
Energy Related Derivative Contracts
Overview
The primary objective for the use of commodity derivative instruments, including energy contracts, options, swaps, and futures, is to manage price risk associated with forecasted purchases of energy and fuel used to generate electricity, as well as managing anticipated generation capacity in excess of forecasted demand from existing customers. PNM’s energy related derivative contracts manage commodity risk. PNM is required to meet the demand and energy needs of its customers. PNM is exposed to market risk for the needs of its customers not covered under the FPPAC.
PNM has entered into agreements for the purchase and sale of power from third parties. In 2024, PNM entered into agreements to purchase a total of 125 MW from July 1, 2025 through August 31, 2025 in order to ensure that customer demand during the 2025 summer peak load period will be met. In addition, PNM entered into agreements to purchase a total of 150 MW from July 1, 2024 through July 31, 2024 and 100 MW from August 1, 2024 through August 30, 2024. These agreements are accounted for as derivative agreements and are considered economic hedges under the NMPRC approved hedging plan covered by its FPPAC.
Agreements for the purchase of 85 MW from June through September 2023 as well as agreements for the sale of 50 MW from September 1,2024 through December 31, 2024 were not considered derivatives because they qualified for a normal purchase, normal sale scope exception.
PNM’s operations are managed primarily through a net asset-backed strategy, whereby PNM’s aggregate net open forward contract position is covered by its forecasted excess generation capabilities or market purchases. PNM could be exposed to market risk if its generation capabilities were to be disrupted or if its load requirements were to be greater than anticipated. If all or a portion of load requirements were required to be covered as a result of such unexpected situations, commitments would have to be met through market purchases. TNMP does not enter into energy related derivative contracts.
Commodity Risk
Marketing and procurement of energy often involve market risks associated with managing energy commodities and establishing positions in the energy markets, primarily on a short-term basis. PNM routinely enters into various derivative instruments such as forward contracts, option agreements, and price basis swap agreements to economically hedge price and volume risk on power commitments and fuel requirements and to minimize the effect of market fluctuations. PNM monitors the market risk of its commodity contracts in accordance with approved risk and credit policies.
Accounting for Derivatives
Under derivative accounting and related rules for energy contracts, PNM accounts for its various instruments for the purchase and sale of energy, which meet the definition of a derivative, based on PNM’s intent. During the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, PNM was not hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows from commodity derivatives through designated cash flow hedges. The derivative contracts recorded at fair value that do not qualify or are not designated for cash flow hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power agreements, used to economically hedge generation assets, purchased power and fuel costs, and customer load requirements. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in results of operations and are classified between operating revenues and cost of energy according to the intent of the hedge. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
by its FPPAC. Changes in the fair value of instruments covered by its FPPAC are recorded as regulatory assets and liabilities. PNM has no trading transactions.
Commodity Derivatives
PNM’s commodity derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value, all of which are accounted for as economic hedges and considered Level 2 fair value measurements, are presented in the following line items on the Consolidated Balance Sheets:

| Economic Hedges
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Other current assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 826 |
Other current liabilities | (5,737) |  |  | — |
Net | $ | (5,737) |  |  | $ | 826 |

Certain of PNM’s commodity derivative instruments in the above table are subject to master netting agreements whereby assets and liabilities could be offset in the settlement process. PNM does not offset fair value and cash collateral for derivative instruments under master netting arrangements and the above table reflects the gross amounts of fair value assets and liabilities for commodity derivatives.
As discussed above, PNM has NMPRC-approved guidelines for hedging arrangements to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC. The table above includes zero in current assets and $5.7 million of current liabilities related to these arrangements at December 31, 2024 and $0.8 million in current assets and zero of current liabilities at December 31, 2023 with changes in fair value recorded as regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities. See Note 13.
At December 31, 2024 and 2023, PNM had no amounts recognized for the legal right to reclaim cash collateral. However, amounts posted as cash collateral under margin arrangements were $0.1 million at December 31, 2024 and $0.2 million at December 31, 2023. These amounts are included in other current assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. At December 31, 2024 and December 31, 2023, obligations to return cash collateral were zero and $0.2 million, which is included in other current liabilities on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
The changes in the fair value of commodity derivative instruments that are considered economic hedges had no impact on PNM’s net earnings during the years ended December 31, 2024 and 2023. Commodity derivatives also had no impact on OCI for the periods presented. Commodity contract volume positions are presented in MMBTU for gas related contracts and in MWh for power related contracts. The table below presents PNM’s net buy (sell) volume positions:

| Economic Hedges |  |
| MMBTU |  | MWh |  |
December 31, 2024 | — |  | 89,900 |  |
December 31, 2023 | — |  | (15,360) |  |

PNM has contingent requirements to provide collateral under commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral provision that are in net liability positions and are not fully collateralized with cash. In connection with managing its commodity risks, PNM enters into master agreements with certain counterparties. If PNM is in a net liability position under an agreement, some agreements provide that the counterparties can request collateral if PNM’s credit rating is downgraded; other agreements provide that the counterparty may request collateral to provide it with “adequate assurance” that PNM will perform; and others have no provision for collateral.
The table below presents information about PNM’s contingent requirement to provide collateral under certain commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral position, that are in net liability positions, and that are not fully collateralized with cash. Contractual liability represents those commodity derivative contracts recorded at fair value on the balance sheet, determined on an individual contract basis without offsetting amounts for individual contracts that are in an asset position and could be offset under master netting agreements with the same counterparty. Cash collateral posted under these contracts does not reflect letters of credit under the Company’s revolving credit facilities that may have been issued as collateral. Net exposure is the net contractual liability for all contracts, including those designated as normal purchase and
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
normal sale, offset by existing collateral and by any offsets available under master netting agreements, including both assets and liability positions.

Contingent Feature - Credit Rating |  | Contractual Liability |  | Existing Cash Collateral |  | Net Exposure
|  | (In thousands)
December 31, 2024 |  | $ | 5,737 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,737 |
December 31, 2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Non-Derivative Financial Instruments
The carrying amounts reflected on the Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for cash, receivables, and payables due to the short period of maturity. Investment securities are carried at fair value. Investment securities consist of PNM assets held in the NDT for its share of decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines serving SJGS and Four Corners. See Note 16. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, the fair value of investment securities included $384.6 million and $361.0 million for the NDT, $8.2 million and $12.3 million for the SJGS decommissioning trust, and $82.7 million and $71.1 million for the coal mine reclamation trusts.
PNM records a realized loss as an impairment for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. As a result, the Company has no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeds fair value and there are no impairments considered to be “other than temporary” that are included in AOCI and not recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings. Gains and losses recognized on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to investment securities in the NDT and reclamation trusts are presented in the following table:

|  | Year ended December 31,
|  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  | (In thousands)
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) from equity securities sold |  | $ | 28,283 |  |  | $ | 1,086 |  |  | $ | (6,940) |
Net gains (losses) from equity securities still held |  | (10,071) |  |  | 14,152 |  |  | (38,025) |
Total net gains (losses) on equity securities |  | 18,212 |  |  | 15,238 |  |  | (44,965) |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |
Net gains (losses) on debt securities |  | 8,639 |  |  | 4,008 |  |  | (33,392) |
Net gains (losses) on investment securities |  | $ | 26,851 |  |  | $ | 19,246 |  |  | $ | (78,357) |

The proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on the disposition of securities held in the NDT and coal mine reclamation trusts are shown in the following table. Realized gains and losses are determined by specific identification of costs of securities sold. Gross realized losses shown below exclude the (increase)/decrease in realized impairment losses of $17.8 million, $19.1 million, and $(25.8) million for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022.

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Proceeds from sales | $ | 707,338 |  |  | $ | 574,199 |  |  | $ | 526,448 |
Gross realized gains | $ | 35,918 |  |  | $ | 18,618 |  |  | $ | 22,071 |
Gross realized (losses) | $ | (16,814) |  |  | $ | (32,649) |  |  | $ | (36,623) |

At December 31, 2024, the available-for-sale debt securities held by PNM, had the following final maturities:

| Fair Value |  |  |  |
| (In thousands) |  |  |  |
Within 1 year | $ | 24,446 |  |  |  |  |
After 1 year through 5 years | 7,898 |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 32,344 |  |  |  |  |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Fair Value Disclosures
The Company determines the fair values of its derivative and other financial instruments based on the hierarchy, which requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly.
For investment securities, Level 2 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For Level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominantly uses the market approach using bid side market values based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to net asset value (“NAV”). For commodity derivatives, Level 2 fair values are determined based on market observable inputs, which are validated using multiple broker quotes, including forward price, volatility, and interest rate curves to establish expectations of future prices. Credit valuation adjustments are made for estimated credit losses based on the overall exposure to each counterparty. For the Company’s long-term debt, Level 2 fair values are provided by an external pricing service. The pricing service primarily utilizes quoted prices for similar debt in active markets when determining fair value. Management of the Company independently verifies the information provided by pricing services. Uncategorized investments include common/collective investment trusts, which are measured at NAV at the end of each reporting period. Audited financial statements are received for each fund and reviewed by the Company annually. Fair value for these collective investment trusts is measured using a practical expedient provided under GAAP that allows the NAV per share to be used as fair value for investments in certain entities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are considered to be investment companies. Investments valued using this practical expedient are not required to be presented within the GAAP fair value hierarchy.
Items recorded at fair value by PNM on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below by level of the fair value hierarchy along with gross unrealized gains on investments in available-for-sale debt securities.

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  |  | Unrealized Gains
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2024 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 150,745 |  |  | $ | 150,745 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 134,553 |  |  | 134,553 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 135,779 |  |  | 135,779 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 25,148 |  |  | 25,148 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | $ | 202 |
Municipals | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |  |  | — |
Corporate and other | 7,196 |  |  | — |  |  | 7,196 |  |  |  |  | 122 |
Investments categorized within the fair value hierarchy | $ | 453,421 |  |  | $ | 446,225 |  |  | $ | 7,196 |  |  |  |  | $ | 324 |
Uncategorized Collective Investment Trust | 22,103 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total investment securities | $ | 475,524 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |  |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |  |  | Unrealized Gains |  |
December 31, 2023 | (In thousands) |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 93,873 |  |  | $ | 93,873 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 77,422 |  |  | 77,422 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 4,323 |  |  | 504 |  |  | 3,819 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 57,966 |  |  | 57,966 |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Available-for-sale debt securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 35,113 |  |  | 34,522 |  |  | 591 |  |  |  |  | $ | 2,055 |  |  |
International government | 8,735 |  |  | — |  |  | 8,735 |  |  |  |  | 104 |  |  |
Municipals | 53,436 |  |  | — |  |  | 53,436 |  |  |  |  | 2,872 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 113,540 |  |  | — |  |  | 113,540 |  |  |  |  | 9,285 |  |  |
| $ | 444,408 |  |  | $ | 264,287 |  |  | $ | 180,121 |  |  |  |  | $ | 14,316 |  |  |

The carrying amounts and fair values of long-term debt, all of which are considered Level 2 fair value measurements and are not recorded at fair value on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below:

| Carrying Amount |  | Fair Value |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2024 | (In thousands) |  |  |  |  |  |
TXNM | $ | 4,923,368 |  |  | $ | 4,706,076 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM | $ | 2,459,592 |  |  | $ | 2,284,362 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP | $ | 1,464,079 |  |  | $ | 1,324,194 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2023 |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TXNM | $ | 4,521,811 |  |  | $ | 4,260,509 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM | $ | 2,261,780 |  |  | $ | 2,107,588 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP | $ | 1,260,880 |  |  | $ | 1,152,922 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s other investments presented on the Consolidated Balance Sheets are not material and not shown in the above table.
Investments Held by Employee Benefit Plans
As discussed in Note 11, PNM and TNMP have trusts that hold investment assets for their pension and other postretirement benefit plans. The fair value of the assets held by the trusts impacts the determination of the funded status of each plan, but the assets are not reflected on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Both the PNM Pension Plan and the TNMP Pension Plan hold units of participation in the PNM Resources, Inc. Master Trust (the “PNMR Master Trust”), which was established for the investment of assets of the pension plans. The PNM Pension Plan’s investment allocation targets in 2024 consist of 35% equities, 15% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 50% fixed income. The TNMP Pension Plan’s investment allocation targets in 2024 consist of 16% equities, 14% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 70% fixed income.
GAAP provides a practical expedient that allows the net asset value per share to be used as fair value for investments in certain entities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are considered to be investment companies. Fair values for alternative investments held by the PNMR Master Trust and PNM OPEB Plan are valued using this practical expedient. Investments for which fair value is measured using that practical expedient are not required to be categorized within the fair value hierarchy. Level 2 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominately uses the market approach using bid side market value based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to net asset value as of year-end. Fair value prices for Level 2 corporate term loans predominately use the market approach which uses bid side market values based upon hierarchy information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Alternative investments include private equity funds, hedge funds, real estate funds, and a private collective investment trust. The private equity funds are not voluntarily redeemable. These investments are realized through periodic distributions occurring over a 10 to 15 years term after the initial investment. The real estate funds and hedge funds may be voluntarily redeemed but are subject to redemption provisions that may result in the funds not being redeemable in the near term. The private collective investment trust is a non-unitized fund that does not publish daily prices. Audited financial statements are received for each fund and are reviewed by the Company annually.
The valuation of alternative investments requires significant judgment by the pricing provider due to the absence of quoted market values, changes in market conditions, and the long-term nature of the assets. The significant unobservable inputs include estimates of liquidation value, current operating performance, and future expectations of performance.
The fair values of investments held by the employee benefit plans are as follows:

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |
December 31, 2024 | (In thousands)
PNM Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 319,528 |  |  | $ | 106,220 |  |  | $ | 213,308 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 59,546 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 379,074 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 33,294 |  |  | $ | 7,543 |  |  | $ | 25,751 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 4,872 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 38,166 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 38,713 |  |  | 38,713 |  |  | — |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 39,538 |  |  | $ | 39,538 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 31,176 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 70,714 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | 111 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 6,987 |  |  | 6,987 |  |  | — |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 7,098 |  |  | $ | 7,098 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 484 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 7,582 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |
December 31, 2023 | (In thousands)
PNM Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 342,296 |  |  | $ | 136,474 |  |  | $ | 205,822 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 65,421 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 407,717 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP Pension Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Participation in PNMR Master Trust Investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 35,870 |  |  | $ | 12,192 |  |  | $ | 23,678 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 5,258 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 41,128 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
PNM OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | 2,419 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 47,674 |  |  | 43,703 |  |  | 3,971 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 50,093 |  |  | $ | 46,122 |  |  | $ | 3,971 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments | 23,290 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Total Master Trust Investments | $ | 73,383 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
TNMP OPEB Plan |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | 162 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Mutual funds | 8,241 |  |  | 7,806 |  |  | 435 |  |  |
Investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | $ | 8,403 |  |  | $ | 7,968 |  |  | $ | 435 |  |  |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The fair values of investments in the PNMR Master Trust are as follows:

|  |  | GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy |  |
| Total |  | Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1) |  | Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2) |  |
December 31, 2024 | (In thousands)
PNMR Master Trust |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 10,981 |  |  | $ | 10,981 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 34,418 |  |  | 34,418 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 146,858 |  |  | 45,333 |  |  | 101,525 |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 56,303 |  |  | 23,031 |  |  | 33,272 |  |  |
International government | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  |
Municipals | 4,718 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,718 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 99,544 |  |  | — |  |  | 99,544 |  |  |
Total investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | 352,822 |  |  | $ | 113,763 |  |  | $ | 239,059 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity funds | 2,846 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge funds | 34,126 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate funds | 27,446 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 417,240 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
December 31, 2023 |
PNMR Master Trust |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 13,995 |  |  | $ | 13,995 |  |  | $ | — |  |  |
Equity securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Corporate stocks, common | 27,167 |  |  | 27,167 |  |  | — |  |  |
Corporate stocks, preferred | 741 |  |  | 741 |  |  | — |  |  |
Mutual funds and other | 159,281 |  |  | 49,219 |  |  | 110,062 |  |  |
Fixed income securities: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
U.S. government | 61,684 |  |  | 57,544 |  |  | 4,140 |  |  |
International government | 4,713 |  |  | — |  |  | 4,713 |  |  |
Municipals | 5,071 |  |  | — |  |  | 5,071 |  |  |
Corporate and other | 105,514 |  |  | — |  |  | 105,514 |  |  |
Total investments categorized within fair value hierarchy | 378,166 |  |  | $ | 148,666 |  |  | $ | 229,500 |  |  |
Uncategorized investments: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Private equity funds | 5,617 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Hedge funds | 35,137 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Real estate funds | 29,925 |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| $ | 448,845 |  |  |  |  |  |  |

(10)Variable Interest Entities
How an enterprise evaluates and accounts for its involvement with variable interest entities, focuses primarily on whether the enterprise has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This evaluation requires continual reassessment of the primary beneficiary of a VIE.
Valencia
PNM has a PPA to purchase all of the electric capacity and energy from Valencia, a 155 MW natural gas-fired power plant near Belen, New Mexico, through May 2028. A third party built, owns, and operates the facility while PNM is the sole purchaser of the electricity generated. PNM is obligated to pay fixed operation and maintenance and capacity charges in
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
addition to variable operation and maintenance charges under this PPA. For the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022, PNM paid $20.5 million, $20.3 million, and $19.5 million for fixed charges and $2.4 million, $5.2 million, and $1.9 million for variable charges. PNM does not have any other financial obligations related to Valencia. The assets of Valencia can only be used to satisfy its obligations and creditors of Valencia do not have any recourse against PNM’s assets. During the term of the PPA, PNM has the option, under certain conditions, to purchase and own up to 50% of the plant or the VIE. The PPA specifies that the purchase price would be the greater of 50% of book value reduced by related indebtedness or 50% of fair market value.
PNM sources fuel for the plant, controls when the facility operates through its dispatch, and receives the entire output of the plant, which factors directly and significantly impact the economic performance of Valencia. Therefore, PNM has concluded that the third-party entity that owns Valencia is a VIE and that PNM is the primary beneficiary of the entity since PNM has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of Valencia and will absorb the majority of the variability in the cash flows of the plant. As the primary beneficiary, PNM consolidates Valencia in its financial statements. Accordingly, the assets, liabilities, operating expenses, and cash flows of Valencia are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of PNM although PNM has no legal ownership interest or voting control of the VIE. The assets and liabilities of Valencia are set forth below and are not shown separately on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The owner’s equity and net income of Valencia are considered attributable to non-controlling interest.
Summarized financial information for Valencia is as follows:

Results of Operations
| Year Ended December 31
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Operating revenues | $ | 22,763 |  |  | $ | 25,421 |  |  | $ | 21,403 |
Operating expenses | 6,723 |  |  | 6,896 |  |  | 6,281 |
Other Misc (Income)/Expense | — |  |  | (8) |  |  | — |
Earnings attributable to non-controlling interest | $ | 16,040 |  |  | $ | 18,533 |  |  | $ | 15,122 |

Financial Position
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Current assets | $ | 3,095 |  |  | $ | 3,422 |
Net property, plant and equipment | 44,411 |  |  | 47,253 |
Total assets | 47,506 |  |  | 50,675 |
Current liabilities | 606 |  |  | 717 |
Owners’ equity – non-controlling interest | $ | 46,900 |  |  | $ | 49,958 |

Westmoreland San Juan Mining, LLC
As discussed in the subheading Coal Supply in Note 16, PNM and Westmoreland San Juan Mining, LLC (“WSJ LLC”), a subsidiary of Westmoreland Mining Holdings, LLC have an agreement under which mine reclamation services for SJGS will be provided.
TXNM issued $30.3 million in letters of credit to facilitate the issuance of reclamation bonds. The letters of credit support results in TXNM having a variable interest in WSJ LLC since TXNM is subject to possible loss in the event performance by TXNM is required under the letters of credit support. TXNM considers the possibility of loss under the letters of credit support to be remote since the purpose of posting the bonds is to provide assurance that WSJ LLC performs the required reclamation of the mine site in accordance with applicable regulations and the reclamation services agreement provides WSJ LLC the ability to recover the cost of reclamation. As discussed in Note 16, each of the SJGS participants has established and actively fund trusts to meet future reclamation obligations.
WSJ LLC is considered a VIE. TXNM’s analysis of its arrangements with WSJ LLC concluded that WSJ LLC has the ability to direct its reclamation services, which are the factors that most significantly impact the economic performance of WSJ LLC. Other than PNM being able to monitor reclamation activities, the reclamation services were solely under the control of WSJ LLC, including developing reclamation plans, hiring of personnel, and incurring operating and maintenance expenses.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Neither TXNM nor PNM has any ability to direct or influence the reclamation activities. PNM’s involvement through the reclamation services agreement is a protective right rather than a participating right and WSJ LLC still has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of WSJ LLC. If WSJ LLC performs reclamation services more efficiently than anticipated, its economic performance will improve. Conversely, if WSJ LLC does not perform reclamation services as efficiently as anticipated, its economic performance will be negatively impacted. Accordingly, TXNM believes WSJ LLC is the primary beneficiary and, therefore, WSJ LLC is not consolidated by either TXNM or PNM. The amounts outstanding under the letters of credit support continue to be TXNM’s maximum exposure to loss from the VIE at December 31, 2024.
ETBC I
ETBC I is a wholly-owned, special purpose, subsidiary of PNM that was formed in August 2023 for the limited purpose of purchasing, owning, and administering energy transition property, issuing Securitized Bonds, and performing related activities authorized by the NMPRC. On November 15, 2023, ETBC I issued the ETBC I Securitized Bonds and used the proceeds to purchase energy transition property from PNM. The energy transition property purchased includes the right to impose, bill, collect, and adjust a non-bypassable energy transition charge from all PNM retail customers until the ETBC I Securitized Bonds are paid in full and all allowed financing costs have been recovered. The ETBC I Securitized bonds are secured by the energy transition property and cash collections from the energy transition charges are the sole source of funds to satisfy the debt obligation. The bondholders have no recourse to PNM.
PNM acts as the servicer of the energy transition property on behalf of ETBC I and is responsible for metering, calculating, billing, and collecting the Energy Transition Charges. On behalf of ETBC I, PNM is required to remit all collections of the Energy Transition Charges to the trustee for the ETBC I Securitized Bonds. PNM has the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of ETBC I and will absorb the majority of the variability in the cash flows of the entity. As the primary beneficiary, PNM consolidates ETBC I in its financial statements. Accordingly, the assets, liabilities, operating expenses, and cash flows of ETBC I are included in the Consolidated Financial Statements of PNM.
The following tables summarize the impact of ETBC I on PNM’s Consolidated Financial Statements:

| Results of Operations
| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Electric Operating Revenues | $ | 24,798 |  |  | $ | 2,914 |
Depreciation and amortization | 4,550 |  |  | 407 |
Interest Charges | 20,073 |  |  | 2,516 |
Other | 175 |  |  | (9) |
Net Earnings | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

Financial Position
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Regulatory assets - Current | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,724 |
Restricted cash (included in Other current assets) | 15,838 |  |  | — |
Restricted cash (included in Other deferred charges) | 1,748 |  |  | 1,728 |
Securitized Cost (included in Regulatory assets - Deferred) | 336,079 |  |  | 340,629 |
Current installments of long-term debt | 6,907 |  |  | 2,529 |
Accrued interest and taxes | 7,452 |  |  | 2,502 |
Regulatory liabilities - Current | 6,975 |  |  | — |
Long-term Debt | 331,726 |  |  | 338,521 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(11)Pension and Other Postretirement Benefits
TXNM and its subsidiaries maintain qualified defined benefit pension plans, postretirement benefit plans providing medical and dental benefits, and executive retirement programs (collectively, the “PNM Plans” and “TNMP Plans”). TXNM maintains the legal obligation for the benefits owed to participants under these plans. The periodic costs or income of the PNM Plans and TNMP Plans are included in regulated rates to the extent attributable to regulated operations. PNM and TNMP receive a regulated return on the amounts funded for pension and OPEB plans in excess of the periodic cost or income to the extent included in retail rates (a “prepaid pension asset”).
Participants in the PNM Plans include eligible employees and retirees of TXNM and PNM. Participants in the TNMP Plans include eligible employees and retirees of TNMP. The PNM pension plan was frozen at the end of 1997 with regard to new participants, salary levels, and benefits. Through December 31, 2007, additional credited service could be accrued under the PNM pension plan up to a limit determined by age and service. The TNMP pension plan was frozen at December 31, 2005 with regard to new participants, salary levels, and benefits.
A plan sponsor is required to (a) recognize in its statement of financial position an asset for a plan’s overfunded status or a liability for a plan’s underfunded status; (b) measure a plan’s assets and its obligations that determine its funded status as of the end of the employer’s fiscal year; and (c) recognize changes in the funded status of a defined benefit postretirement plan in the year in which the changes occur.
Unrecognized prior service costs and unrecognized gains or losses are required to be recorded in AOCI and subsequently amortized. To the extent the amortization of these items will ultimately be recovered or returned through future rates, PNM and TNMP record the costs as a regulatory asset or regulatory liability. The amortization of these incurred costs is included as pension and postretirement benefit periodic cost or income in subsequent years.
The Company maintains trust funds for the pension and OPEB plans from which benefits are paid to eligible employees and retirees. The Company’s funding policy is to make contributions to the trusts, as determined by an independent actuary, that comply with minimum guidelines of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and the IRC. Information concerning the fair value of investments is contained in Note 9. The Company has in place a policy that defines the investment objectives, establishes performance goals of asset managers, and provides procedures for the manner in which investments are to be reviewed. The plans implement investment strategies to achieve the following objectives:
•Implement investment strategies commensurate with the risk that the Corporate Investment Committee deems appropriate to meet the obligations of the pension plans and OPEB plans, minimize the volatility of expense, and account for contingencies
•Transition asset mix over the long-term to a higher proportion of high-quality fixed income investments as the plans’ funded statuses improve
Management is responsible for the determination of the asset target mix and the expected rate of return. The target asset allocations are determined based on consultations with external investment advisors. The expected long-term rate of return on pension and postretirement plan assets is calculated on the market-related value of assets. Actual gains and losses on pension and OPEB plan assets are recognized in the market-related value of assets equally over a period of not more than five years, which reduces year-to-year volatility. For the PNM Plans and TNMP Plans, the market-related value of assets is equal to the prior year’s market-related value of assets adjusted for contributions, benefit payments and investment gains and losses that are within a corridor of plus or minus 4.0% around the expected return on market value. Gains and losses that are outside the corridor are amortized over five years.
Pension Plans
For defined benefit pension plans, including the executive retirement plans, the PBO represents the actuarial present value of all benefits attributed by the pension benefit formula to employee service rendered prior to that date using assumptions regarding future compensation levels. The ABO represents the PBO without considering future compensation levels. Since the pension plans are frozen, the PBO and ABO are equal.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following table presents information about the PBO, fair value of plan assets, and funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
PBO at beginning of year | $ | 418,657 |  |  | $ | 433,645 |  |  | $ | 42,582 |  |  | $ | 43,961 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 21,709 |  |  | 23,653 |  |  | 2,214 |  |  | 2,402 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (6,063) |  |  | 4,290 |  |  | (2,047) |  |  | 1,261 |
Benefits paid | (40,942) |  |  | (42,931) |  |  | (3,526) |  |  | (5,042) |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PBO at end of year | 393,361 |  |  | 418,657 |  |  | 39,223 |  |  | 42,582 |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 407,211 |  |  | 410,463 |  |  | 41,353 |  |  | 43,447 |
Actual return on plan assets | 12,884 |  |  | 39,679 |  |  | 247 |  |  | 2,948 |
Employer contributions | 1 |  |  | — |  |  | 151 |  |  | — |
Benefits paid | (40,942) |  |  | (42,931) |  |  | (3,526) |  |  | (5,042) |
Settlements | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 379,154 |  |  | 407,211 |  |  | 38,225 |  |  | 41,353 |
Funded status – asset (liability) for pension benefits | $ | (14,207) |  |  | $ | (11,446) |  |  | $ | (998) |  |  | $ | (1,229) |

Actuarial (gain) loss results from changes in:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Discount rates | $ | (9,376) |  |  | $ | 8,806 |  |  | $ | (961) |  |  | $ | 969 |
Demographic experience | 3,313 |  |  | (1,777) |  |  | (1,125) |  |  | 538 |
Mortality rate | — |  |  | (2,739) |  |  | — |  |  | (239) |
Other assumptions and experience | — |  |  | — |  |  | 39 |  |  | (7) |
| $ | (6,063) |  |  | $ | 4,290 |  |  | $ | (2,047) |  |  | $ | 1,261 |

The following table presents pre-tax information about net actuarial (gain) loss in AOCI as of December 31, 2024.

|  |  | PNM |  | TNMP
|  |  | (In thousands)
Amounts in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at beginning of year |  |  | $ | 104,067 |  |  | $ | — |
Experience (gain) loss |  |  | 12,081 |  |  | 456 |
Regulatory asset (liability) adjustment |  |  | (8,853) |  |  | (456) |
Amortization recognized in net periodic benefit (income) |  |  | (4,782) |  |  | — |
Amounts in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at end of year |  |  | $ | 102,513 |  |  | $ | — |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (income):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 21,709 |  |  | 23,653 |  |  | 16,857 |
Expected return on plan assets | (31,029) |  |  | (29,196) |  |  | (28,563) |
Amortization of net loss | 10,646 |  |  | 10,583 |  |  | 15,794 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 1,326 |  |  | $ | 5,040 |  |  | $ | 4,088 |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 2,214 |  |  | 2,402 |  |  | 1,720 |
Expected return on plan assets | (2,749) |  |  | (2,697) |  |  | (2,472) |
Amortization of net loss | 556 |  |  | 439 |  |  | 932 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Settlement loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 1,033 |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 144 |  |  | $ | 1,213 |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the PBO and net periodic benefit cost (income). Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the PBO and net periodic benefit cost (income) would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.78 | % |  | 5.46 | % |  | 5.74 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.46 |  |  | 5.74 |  |  | 3.00 |
Expected return on plan assets | 6.86 |  |  | 6.30 |  |  | 5.50 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.78 | % |  | 5.47 | % |  | 5.75 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.47 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | 3.01 |
Expected return on plan assets | 5.95 |  |  | 5.50 |  |  | 4.40 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the PBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the PBO. Factors that are considered include, but are not limited to, historic returns on plan assets, current market information on long-term returns (e.g., long-term bond rates) and current and target asset allocations between asset categories. If all other factors were to remain unchanged, a 1% decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would cause PNM’s and TNMP’s 2025 net periodic benefit cost to increase $4.1 million and $0.4 million (analogous changes would result from a 1% increase). The actual rate of return for the PNM and TNMP pension plans was 3.33% and 0.62% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The Company’s long-term pension investment strategy is to invest in assets whose interest rate sensitivity is correlated with the pension liability. The Company uses an investment strategy, known as Liability Driven Investing, that increases the liability matching investments as the funded status of the pension plans improve. The Company’s investment allocation targets consist of 35% equities, 15% alternative investments (both of which are considered return generating), and 50% liability matching securities that are primarily bonds and other fixed income investments. Equity investments are primarily in domestic securities that include large-, mid-, and small-capitalization companies. The pension plans have a 13% targeted allocation to equities of companies domiciled primarily in developed countries outside of the U.S. The equity investments category includes active and passive managed domestic equity securities that are benchmarked against a variety of style indices. Fixed income investments are primarily corporate bonds of companies from diversified industries and government securities. Alternative investments include investments in hedge funds, real estate funds, and private equity funds. The private equity funds are structured as multi-manager multi-strategy fund of funds to achieve a diversified position in these asset classes. The hedge
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
funds use multi-strategies that pursue various absolute return strategies such as relative value, merger arbitrage, event driven equities, and structured credit. The real estate investments are commingled real estate portfolios that invest in a diversified portfolio of assets including commercial property, infrastructure, storage facilities and multi-family housing. See Note 9 for fair value information concerning assets held by the pension plans.
The following pension benefit payments are expected to be paid:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2025 | $ | 40,927 |  |  | $ | 4,239 |
2026 | 39,585 |  |  | 4,188 |
2027 | 38,706 |  |  | 4,000 |
2028 | 37,373 |  |  | 3,902 |
2029 | 36,231 |  |  | 3,759 |
2030 - 2034 | 160,876 |  |  | 15,464 |

Based on current law, funding requirements, and estimates of portfolio performance, the Company does not expect to make any cash contributions to the pension plans in 2025 through 2028. PNM does expect to make a cash contribution of $7.9 million in 2029. TNMP does not expect to make any cash contributions to the pension plans from 2025 through 2029. The funding assumptions were developed using a discount rate of 5.35%. Actual amounts to be funded in the future will be dependent on the actuarial assumptions at that time, including the appropriate discount rates. PNM and TNMP may make additional contributions at their discretion.
Other Postretirement Benefit Plans
For postretirement benefit plans, the APBO is the actuarial present value of all future benefits attributed under the terms of the postretirement benefit plan to employee service rendered to date. The following table presents information about the APBO, the fair value of plan assets, and the funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
APBO at beginning of year | $ | 46,217 |  |  | $ | 49,950 |  |  | $ | 7,331 |  |  | $ | 7,705 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | 21 |  |  | 21 |
Interest cost | 2,387 |  |  | 2,703 |  |  | 385 |  |  | 425 |
Participant contributions | 1,463 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 359 |
Actuarial (gain) | (2,205) |  |  | (1,608) |  |  | (147) |  |  | (282) |
Benefits paid | (6,261) |  |  | (6,420) |  |  | (1,193) |  |  | (897) |
Curtailment loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
APBO at end of year | 41,601 |  |  | 46,217 |  |  | 6,754 |  |  | 7,331 |
Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year | 73,392 |  |  | 70,301 |  |  | 8,353 |  |  | 8,718 |
Actual return on plan assets | 3,216 |  |  | 7,762 |  |  | 25 |  |  | 173 |
Employer contributions | 193 |  |  | 157 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Participant contributions | 1,463 |  |  | 1,592 |  |  | 357 |  |  | 359 |
Benefits paid | (6,261) |  |  | (6,420) |  |  | (1,193) |  |  | (897) |
Fair value of plan assets at end of year | 72,003 |  |  | 73,392 |  |  | 7,542 |  |  | 8,353 |
Funded status – asset | $ | 30,402 |  |  | $ | 27,175 |  |  | $ | 788 |  |  | $ | 1,022 |

As of December 31, 2024, the fair value of plan assets exceeds the APBO for both PNM’s and TNMP’s OPEB Plans, and the resulting net asset is presented in other deferred charges on the Consolidated Balance Sheets.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Actuarial (gain) loss results from changes in:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (in thousands)
Discount rates | $ | (877) |  |  | $ | 868 |  |  | $ | (179) |  |  | $ | 174 |
Claims, contributions, and demographic experience | (1,425) |  |  | (2,171) |  |  | 32 |  |  | (423) |
Assumed participation rate | 97 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Mortality rate | — |  |  | (305) |  |  | — |  |  | (33) |
Dental trend assumption | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| $ | (2,205) |  |  | $ | (1,608) |  |  | $ | (147) |  |  | $ | (282) |

In the year ended December 31, 2024, actuarial losses of $0.1 million were recorded as adjustments to regulatory assets for the PNM OPEB plan. For the TNMP OPEB plan, actuarial losses of $0.3 million were recorded as adjustments to regulatory liabilities.
The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost (income):

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 10 |
Interest cost | 2,387 |  |  | 2,703 |  |  | 1,914 |
Expected return on plan assets | (5,563) |  |  | (4,969) |  |  | (4,351) |
Amortization of net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Curtailment loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | 836 |
Net periodic benefit (income) | $ | (3,176) |  |  | $ | (2,266) |  |  | $ | (1,591) |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 21 |  |  | $ | 38 |
Interest cost | 385 |  |  | 425 |  |  | 307 |
Expected return on plan assets | (515) |  |  | (481) |  |  | (418) |
Amortization of net (gain) | (642) |  |  | (760) |  |  | (520) |
Net periodic benefit (income) | $ | (751) |  |  | $ | (795) |  |  | $ | (593) |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the APBO and net periodic benefit cost. Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the APBO and net periodic benefit cost would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Discount rate for determining December 31 APBO | 5.78 | % |  | 5.48 | % |  | 5.75 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.48 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | 2.99 |
Expected return on plan assets | 6.60 |  |  | 5.90 |  |  | 4.75 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 APBO | 5.78 | % |  | 5.48 | % |  | 5.75 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.48 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | 2.99 |
Expected return on plan assets | 5.25 |  |  | 4.70 |  |  | 3.80 |
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the APBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The expected long-term rate of return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings expected on the funds invested, or to be invested, to provide for the benefits included in the APBO. Factors that are considered include, but are not limited to, historic returns on plan assets, current market information on long-term returns (e.g., long-term bond rates), and current and target asset allocations between asset categories. If all other factors were to remain unchanged, a
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
1% decrease in the expected long-term rate of return would cause PNM’s and TNMP’s 2025 net periodic benefit cost to increase $0.8 million and $0.1 million (analogous changes would result from a 1% increase). The actual rate of return for the PNM and TNMP OPEB plans was 4.5% and 0.3% for the year ended December 31, 2024.
The following table shows the assumed health care cost trend rates for the PNM OPEB plan:

| PNM
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year | 6.50 | % |  | 6.00 | %
Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline (the ultimate trend rate) | 4.75 |  |  | 4.75 |
Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate | 2033 |  | 2029

TNMP’s exposure to cost increases in the OPEB plan is minimized by a provision that limits TNMP’s share of costs under the plan. Costs of the plan in excess of the limit, which was reached at the end of 2001, are wholly borne by the participants. As a result, a one-percentage-point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have no effect on either the net periodic expense or the year-end APBO. Effective January 1, 2018, the PNM OPEB plan was amended to limit the annual increase in the Company’s costs to 5%. Increases in excess of the limit are born by the PNM OPEB plan participants.
The Company’s OPEB plans invest in a portfolio that is diversified by asset class and style strategies. The OPEB plans generally use the same pension fixed income and equity investment managers and utilize the same overall investment strategy as described above for the pension plans, except there is no allocation to alternative investments. The OPEB plans have a target asset allocation of 30% equities and 70% fixed income. See Note 9 for fair value information concerning assets held by the other postretirement benefit plans. The following OPEB payments, which reflect expected future service and are net of participant contributions, are expected to be paid:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2025 | $ | 4,771 |  |  | $ | 589 |
2026 | 4,560 |  |  | 597 |
2027 | 4,333 |  |  | 588 |
2028 | 4,128 |  |  | 585 |
2029 | 3,871 |  |  | 574 |
2030 - 2034 | 16,604 |  |  | 2,606 |

PNM and TNMP made cash contributions to the OPEB trusts in 2024 of less than $0.1 million and $0.2 million and did not make any cash contributions in 2023. PNM and TNMP do not expect to make cash contributions to the OPEB trusts in 2025-2029. However, a portion of the disbursements attributable to the OPEB trust are paid by PNM and are therefore considered to be contributions to the PNM OPEB plan. Payments by PNM on behalf of the PNM OPEB plan are expected to be $2.0 million in 2025 and $11.1 million in 2026-2029.
Executive Retirement Programs
For the executive retirement programs, the following table presents information about the PBO and funded status of the plans:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| Year Ended December 31, |  | Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
PBO at beginning of year | $ | 9,714 |  |  | $ | 10,042 |  |  | $ | 316 |  |  | $ | 344 |
Service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Interest cost | 496 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 15 |  |  | 18 |
Actuarial (gain) loss | (47) |  |  | 411 |  |  | (314) |  |  | 13 |
Benefits paid | (1,132) |  |  | (1,279) |  |  | (17) |  |  | (59) |
PBO at end of year – funded status | 9,031 |  |  | 9,714 |  |  | — |  |  | 316 |
Less current liability | 1,171 |  |  | 1,210 |  |  | — |  |  | 64 |
Non-current liability | $ | 7,860 |  |  | $ | 8,504 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 252 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following table presents pre-tax information about net actuarial loss in AOCI as of December 31, 2024.

| December 31, 2024
| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Amount in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at beginning of year | $ | 1,104 |  |  | $ | — |
Experience (gain) | (45) |  |  | (314) |
Regulatory asset adjustment | 26 |  |  | 314 |
Amortization recognized in net periodic benefit (income) | (84) |  |  | — |
Amount in AOCI not yet recognized in net periodic benefit cost at end of year | $ | 1,001 |  |  | $ | — |

The following table presents the components of net periodic benefit cost:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
PNM |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 496 |  |  | 540 |  |  | 362 |
Amortization of net loss | 200 |  |  | 152 |  |  | 327 |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 696 |  |  | $ | 692 |  |  | $ | 689 |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Service cost | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Interest cost | 15 |  |  | 18 |  |  | 11 |
Amortization of net loss | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Amortization of prior service cost | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Net periodic benefit cost | $ | 15 |  |  | $ | 18 |  |  | $ | 11 |

The following significant weighted-average assumptions were used to determine the PBO and net periodic benefit cost. Should actual experience differ from actuarial assumptions, the PBO and net periodic benefit cost would be affected.

| Year Ended December 31,
PNM | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | 5.78 | % |  | 5.45 | % |  | 5.73 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.45 |  |  | 5.73 |  |  | 3.02 |
Long-term rate of return on plan assets | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
Discount rate for determining December 31 PBO | N/A |  | 5.47 | % |  | 5.75 | %
Discount rate for determining net periodic benefit cost | 5.47 |  |  | 5.75 |  |  | 3.01 |
Long-term rate of return on plan assets | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A
Rate of compensation increase | N/A |  | N/A |  | N/A

The assumed discount rate for determining the PBO was determined based on a review of long-term high-grade bonds and management’s expectations. The impacts of changes in assumptions or experience were not significant.
Disbursements under the executive retirement program, funded by PNM and TNMP, which are considered to be contributions to the plan were $1.3 million and less than $0.1 million in the year ended December 31, 2024 and $1.3 million and $0.1 million for the year ended December 31, 2023.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following executive retirement plan payments, which reflect expected future service, are expected:

| PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
2025 | $ | 1,205 |  |  | $ | — |
2026 | 1,150 |  |  | — |
2027 | 1,089 |  |  | — |
2028 | 1,022 |  |  | — |
2029 | 952 |  |  | — |
2030 - 2034 | 3,699 |  |  | — |

Other Retirement Plans
TXNM sponsors a 401(k) defined contribution plan for eligible employees, including those of its subsidiaries. TXNM’s contributions to the 401(k) plan consist of a discretionary matching contribution equal to 75% of the first 6% of eligible compensation contributed by the employee on a before-tax basis. TXNM also makes a non-matching contribution ranging from 3% to 10% of eligible compensation based on the eligible employee’s age. TXNM also provides executive deferred compensation benefits through an unfunded, non-qualified plan. The purpose of this plan is to permit certain key employees of TXNM who participate in the 401(k) defined contribution plan to defer compensation and receive credits without reference to the certain limitations on contributions.
A summary of expenses for these other retirement plans is as follows:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
TXNM |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 17,514 |  |  | $ | 16,118 |  |  | $ | 15,844 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 4,350 |  |  | $ | 1,197 |  |  | $ | (1,027) |
PNM |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 11,896 |  |  | $ | 10,839 |  |  | $ | 11,067 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 2,937 |  |  | $ | 825 |  |  | $ | (721) |
TNMP |  |  |  |  |
401(k) plan | $ | 5,617 |  |  | $ | 5,279 |  |  | $ | 4,776 |
Non-qualified plan | $ | 1,414 |  |  | $ | 372 |  |  | $ | (305) |

(12)Stock-Based Compensation
TXNM has various stock-based compensation programs, which provide restricted stock awards, that are performance based and time based, under the Performance Equity Plan (“PEP”). Although certain PNM and TNMP employees are eligible to participate in the TXNM plans, PNM and TNMP do not have separate employee stock-based compensation plans. Performance stock awards awarded under the PEP are awarded for a three-year, overlapping performance period. Performance stock awards with performance periods ending before 2024 or after 2025 are subject to achieving both performance and market targets. Performance stock awards with performance periods ending from 2024 through 2025 do not include market targets. Other awards of restricted stock are only subject to time-based vesting requirements.
Performance Equity Plan
The PEP provides for the granting of non-qualified stock options, restricted stock rights, performance shares, performance units, and stock appreciation rights to officers, key employees, and non-employee members of the Board. Restricted stock under the PEP refers to awards of stock subject to vesting, performance, or market conditions rather than to shares with contractual post-vesting restrictions. Generally, the awards vest ratably over three years from the grant date of the award. However, awards with performance or market conditions vest upon satisfaction of those conditions. In addition, plan provisions provide that upon retirement, participants become 100% vested in certain stock awards. The vesting period for awards of restricted stock to non-employee members of the Board is one year. The total number of shares of TXNM common stock subject to all awards under the 2014 PEP, as approved by TXNM’s shareholders in May 2014, may not exceed 13.5 million shares, subject to adjustment and certain share counting rules set forth in the PEP. This share pool is charged five
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
shares for each share subject to restricted stock or other full value award. In May 2023, TXNM’s shareholders approved the 2023 PEP which set the maximum number of shares subject to all awards to be 2.5 million shares. The 2023 PEP share pool is charged a single share for each award.
Source of Shares
The source of shares for exercised stock options and vested restricted stock is currently shares acquired on the open market by an independent agent, rather than newly issued shares.
Accounting for Stock Awards
The stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards without performance or market conditions to participants that are retirement eligible on the grant date is recognized immediately at the grant date and is not amortized. Compensation expense for other such awards is amortized to compensation expense over the shorter of the requisite vesting period or the period until the participant becomes retirement eligible. Compensation expense for performance-based shares is recognized ratably over the performance period as required service is provided and is adjusted periodically to reflect the level of achievement expected to be attained. Compensation expense related to market-based shares is recognized ratably over the measurement period, regardless of the actual level of achievement, provided the employees meet their service requirements.
Total compensation expense for stock-based payment arrangements recognized by TXNM for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022 was $9.5 million, $7.2 million, and $7.9 million. Stock compensation expense of $5.0 million, $4.8 million, and $5.3 million was charged to PNM and $2.7 million, $2.4 million, and $2.6 million was charged to TNMP. At December 31, 2024, TXNM had unrecognized compensation expense related to stock awards of $5.0 million, which is expected to be recognized over an average of 2.26 years.
TXNM receives a tax deduction for the value of restricted stock at the vesting date. To the extent the tax deduction exceeds the Company’s cumulative expense related to a stock award, an excess tax benefit is recorded. When the cumulative expense exceeds the tax deduction, a tax deficiency is recorded. All excess tax benefits and deficiencies are recorded to tax expense and classified as operating cash flows when used to reduce taxes payable.

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Excess Tax Benefits (Deficiencies) |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
|  | (In thousands) |  |
PNM |  | $ | 10 |  |  | $ | 185 |  |  | $ | (65) |  |  |
TNMP |  | 4 |  |  | 76 |  |  | (26) |  |  |
TXNM |  | 17 |  |  | 261 |  |  | (91) |  |  |

TNMP used excess tax benefits to reduce income taxes payable and the benefit was reflected in cash flows from operating activities. The benefit of excess tax benefits at PNM and TXNM will be reflected in operating cash flows when they reduce income taxes payable.
The grant date fair value for restricted stock and stock awards with Company internal performance targets is determined based on the market price of TXNM common stock on the date of the agreements reduced by the present value of future dividends that will not be received prior to vesting. The grant date fair value is applied to the total number of shares that are anticipated to vest, although the number of performance shares that ultimately vest cannot be determined until after the performance periods end. The grant date fair value of stock awards with market targets is determined using Monte Carlo simulation models, which provide grant date fair values that include an expectation of the number of shares to vest at the end of the measurement period.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to determine the awards grant date fair value:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Restricted Shares and Performance-Based Shares |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022 |  |
Expected quarterly dividends per share |  | $ | 0.3875 |  |  | $ | 0.3675 |  |  | $ | 0.3475 |  |  |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.27 | % |  | 4.46 | % |  | 1.46 | % |  |
Market-Based Shares (1) |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Dividend yield |  | 4.21 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |
Expected volatility |  | 13.09 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |
Risk-free interest rate |  | 4.31 | % |  | N/A |  | N/A |  |

(1) Restricted stock expected to be awarded under the PEP for performance periods ending in 2022 and 2023 do not have market targets.
The following table summarizes activity in restricted stock awards including performance-based and market-based shares:

|  | Restricted Stock |
|  | Shares |  | Weighted-Average Grant Date Fair Value |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2023 |  | 212,080 |  |  | $ | 40.33 |  |  |  |
Granted |  | 249,282 |  |  | 33.51 |  |  |  |
Released |  | (218,403) |  |  | 38.37 |  |  |  |
Forfeited |  | (1,722) |  |  | 43.80 |  |  |  |
Outstanding at December 31, 2024 |  | 241,237 |  |  | $ | 37.05 |  |  |  |

Included as granted and released in the table above are 80,492 previously awarded shares that were earned for the 2021 - 2023 performance measurement period and ratified by the Board in February 2024 (based upon achieving targets at above “target”, below “maximum” levels). Also included, as granted and released, are 8,791 of other RSAs for participants who retired and immediately vested plus a one-time sign-on RSA that immediately vested (discussed below). Excluded from the above table are 49,489 previously awarded shares that were earned for the 2022 - 2024 performance measurement period and ratified by the Board in February 2025 (based upon achieving targets at above “threshold”, below “target” levels). Also excluded from the table above are 150,976 and 227,472 shares for the three-year performance periods ending in 2025 and 2026 that will be awarded if all performance criteria are achieved at maximum levels and all executives remain eligible.
On December 4, 2023, the Company entered into retention agreements with its Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and its Senior Vice President and General Counsel under which they would be awarded a total of 26,766 and 8,922 respectively of restricted stock rights if they remained employed through the award’s vesting date which is the earliest of 24 months from the grant date, the closing of the Merger, or six months following the termination of the Merger. As of December 31, 2023, upon the notice from Avangrid regarding the termination of the Merger Agreement, these awards vested on June 30, 2024.
On December 4, 2023, the Company entered into a retention agreement with its President and Chief Operating Officer under which he would receive a retention bonus of $1.0 million to be paid in increments beginning in December 2023 and continuing each December until 2025. On April 8, 2024, pursuant to the retention agreement, the Board elected to convert the unvested portion of the retention bonus of $0.8 million into restricted stock rights whereby each share of restricted stock is equal to one share of Company common stock as of the first trading day after expiration of the then current black-out period. On May 3, 2024, subsequent to the expiration of the black-out period, 19,851 restricted stock rights were awarded and 6,617 have vested as of December 31, 2024, in accordance with the original terms of the retention agreement.
On September 16, 2024, in connection with a one-time sign-on equity grant, the Company’s newly appointed General Counsel, Senior Vice President Regulatory and Public Policy, and Corporate Secretary was awarded 9,300 shares of restricted stock, of which 50% vested immediately and the remaining 50% will vest on the first anniversary of his start date, subject to continued employment through the vesting date.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following table provides additional information concerning restricted stock activity, including performance-based and market-based shares:

|  | Year Ended December 31,
Restricted Stock |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
Weighted-average grant date fair value |  | $ | 38.37 |  |  | $ | 41.98 |  |  | $ | 41.04 |
Total fair value of restricted shares that vested (in thousands) |  | $ | 8,380 |  |  | $ | 8,689 |  |  | $ | 7,368 |

(13) Regulatory Assets and Liabilities
The operations of PNM and TNMP are regulated by the NMPRC, PUCT, and FERC and the provisions of GAAP for rate-regulated enterprises are applied to its regulated operations. Regulatory assets represent probable future recovery of previously incurred costs that will be collected from customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory liabilities represent probable future reductions in revenues associated with amounts that are to be credited to customers through the ratemaking process. Regulatory assets and liabilities reflected in the Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below.

| PNM |  | TNMP
| December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Assets: | (In thousands)
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
FPPAC | $ | 30,487 |  |  | $ | 65,251 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
NMPRC Hedging Plan | 5,737 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Transmission cost recovery factor | — |  |  | — |  |  | 5,268 |  |  | — |
Energy efficiency costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | 50 |
Renewable energy rider | — |  |  | 5,021 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
SJGS Energy Transition Property | — |  |  | 2,724 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| 36,224 |  |  | 72,996 |  |  | 5,268 |  |  | 50 |
Non-Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SJGS Energy Transition Property | $ | 336,079 |  |  | $ | 340,629 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
SJGS ETA | 24,996 |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
SJGS - non-ETA | 114,333 |  |  | 122,246 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PVNGS leased interest | 82,982 |  |  | 80,777 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
EIM | 15,189 |  |  | 18,731 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TEP | 4,942 |  |  | 2,644 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Loss on reacquired debt | 12,507 |  |  | 13,806 |  |  | 23,721 |  |  | 25,019 |
Pension and OPEB | 176,171 |  |  | 172,508 |  |  | 21,087 |  |  | 21,854 |
Deferred income taxes | 74,925 |  |  | 71,359 |  |  | 8,570 |  |  | 8,882 |
Excess ADIT | — |  |  | — |  |  | 6,542 |  |  | — |
AMS retirement and other costs | — |  |  | — |  |  | 12,851 |  |  | 12,343 |
Deferred COVID-19 costs | 3,328 |  |  | 5,664 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Hurricane Beryl | — |  |  | — |  |  | 20,958 |  |  | — |
Other | 11,858 |  |  | 10,363 |  |  | 10,964 |  |  | 7,556 |
| 857,310 |  |  | 838,727 |  |  | 104,693 |  |  | 75,654 |
Total regulatory assets | $ | 893,534 |  |  | $ | 911,723 |  |  | $ | 109,961 |  |  | $ | 75,704 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022

| PNM |  | TNMP
| December 31, |  | December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Liabilities: | (In thousands)
Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
SJGS rate refunds | $ | (157) |  |  | $ | (113,372) |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
PVNGS rate refunds | (19,194) |  |  | (19,194) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Renewable energy rider | (4,786) |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Energy efficiency costs | (2,459) |  |  | (1,454) |  |  | (602) |  |  | — |
Transmission Cost Recovery Factor | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |  |  | (5,159) |
SJGS Energy Transition Property | (6,975) |  |  | — |  |  |  |  |
NMPRC hedging plan | — |  |  | (826) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
| (33,571) |  |  | (134,846) |  |  | (602) |  |  | (5,159) |
Non-Current: |  |  |  |  |  |  |
Cost of removal | $ | (247,280) |  |  | $ | (247,627) |  |  | $ | (147,296) |  |  | $ | (117,759) |
Deferred income taxes | (253,158) |  |  | (281,588) |  |  | (80,152) |  |  | (83,459) |
Renewable energy tax benefits | (13,317) |  |  | (14,463) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
PVNGS rate refunds | (3,277) |  |  | (19,194) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Pension and OPEB | — |  |  | — |  |  | (2,589) |  |  | (3,644) |
COVID-19 cost savings | (469) |  |  | (900) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Other | (1,200) |  |  | (1,249) |  |  | — |  |  | (1,434) |
| (518,701) |  |  | (565,021) |  |  | (230,037) |  |  | (206,296) |
Total regulatory liabilities | $ | (552,272) |  |  | $ | (699,867) |  |  | $ | (230,639) |  |  | $ | (211,455) |

The Company’s regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities are reflected in rates charged to customers or have been addressed in a regulatory proceeding. The Company does not receive or pay a rate of return on the following regulatory assets and regulatory liabilities (and their remaining amortization periods): SJGS Energy Transition Property (over the life of the ETBC I Securitized Bonds); portions of PVNGS Leased Interest (through 2044); SJGS rate refunds (through 2024); PVNGS rate refunds (through 2025); deferred income taxes (over the remaining life of the taxable item, up to the remaining life of utility plant); pension and OPEB costs (through 2040).
The Company is permitted, under rate regulation, to accrue and record a regulatory liability for the estimated cost of removal and salvage associated with certain of its assets through depreciation expense. Actuarial losses and prior service costs for pension plans are required to be recorded in AOCI; however, to the extent authorized for recovery through the regulatory process these amounts are recorded as regulatory assets or liabilities. Based on prior regulatory approvals, the amortization of these amounts will be included in the Company’s rates. Based on a current evaluation of the various factors and conditions that are expected to impact future cost recovery, the Company believes that future recovery of its regulatory assets is probable.
(14)Construction Program and Jointly-Owned Electric Generating Plants
PNM is a participant in jointly-owned power plant projects. The participation agreement for SJGS expired on September 30, 2022. The primary operating or participation agreements for the other joint projects expire in July 2041 for Four Corners, December 2046 for Luna, and November 2047 for PVNGS.
PNM’s expenditures for additions to utility plant were $682.4 million in 2024, including expenditures on jointly-owned projects. TNMP does not participate in the ownership or operation of any generating plants, but incurred expenditures for additions to utility plant of $541.6 million during 2024. On a consolidated basis, TXNM’s expenditures for additions to utility plant were $1,247.0 million in 2024.
Joint Projects
Under the agreements for the jointly-owned projects, PNM has an undivided interest in each asset and liability of the project and records its pro-rata share of each item in the corresponding asset and liability account on PNM’s Consolidated Balance Sheets. Likewise, PNM records its pro-rata share of each item of operating and maintenance expenses for its jointly-owned plants within the corresponding operating expense account in its Consolidated Statements of Earnings. PNM is responsible for financing its share of the capital and operating costs of the joint projects.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
At December 31, 2024, PNM’s interests and investments in jointly-owned generating facilities are:

Station (Type) | Plant in Service |  | Accumulated Depreciation (1) |  | Construction Work in Progress |  | Composite Interest
| (In thousands)
PVNGS (Nuclear) | $ | 800,999 |  |  | $ | 415,747 |  |  | $ | 32,650 |  |  | 7.29 | %
Four Corners Units 4 and 5 (Coal) | $ | 291,355 |  |  | $ | 98,049 |  |  | $ | 14,579 |  |  | 13.00 | %
Luna (Gas) | $ | 99,479 |  |  | $ | 37,448 |  |  | $ | 2,658 |  |  | 33.33 | %

(1) Includes cost of removal.
Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station
PNM is a participant in the three units of PVNGS with APS (the operating agent), SRP, EPE, SCE, SCPPA, and The Department of Water and Power of the City of Los Angeles. PNM has ownership interests of 2.3% in Unit 1, 9.4% in Unit 2, and 10.2% in Unit 3. PNM previously had a 10.2% undivided interest in PVNGS, with portions of its interests in Units 1 and 2 held under leases. In January 2023, leased capacity of 104 MW in PVNGS Unit 1 expired and the rights to the capacity were acquired by SRP from the lessors subsequently, reducing PNM’s interest in PVNGS to 7.6% at December 31, 2023. In January 2024, the leased capacity of 10 MW in PVNGS Unit 2 expired and the rights were also acquired by SRP, further reducing PNM’s interest in PVNGS to 7.3%. See Note 8 for additional information concerning the PVNGS leases.
Four Corners Power Plant
PNM is a participant in two units of Four Corners with APS (the operating agent), an affiliate of APS, SRP, and Tucson. PNM has a 13.0% undivided interest in Units 4 and 5 of Four Corners. The Four Corners plant site is located on land within the Navajo Nation and is subject to an easement from the federal government. APS, on behalf of the Four Corners participants, negotiated amendments to an existing agreement with the Navajo Nation, which extends the owners’ right to operate the plant on the site to July 2041. See Notes 16 and 17 for additional information about Four Corners.
Luna Energy Facility
Luna is a combined-cycle power plant near Deming, New Mexico. Luna is owned equally by PNM, Tucson, and Samchully Power & Utilities 1, LLC. The operation and maintenance of the facility has been contracted to North American Energy Services by PNM.
(15)Asset Retirement Obligations
AROs are recorded based on studies to estimate the amount and timing of future ARO expenditures and reflect underlying assumptions, such as discount rates, estimates of the future costs for decommissioning, and the timing of the removal activities to be performed. Approximately 75.7% of PNM’s total ARO liabilities are related to nuclear decommissioning of PVNGS. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions both during and after termination of the leases. Studies of the decommissioning costs of PVNGS, SJGS, Four Corners, and other facilities are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liabilities are recorded. Changes in the assumptions underlying the calculations may also require revisions to the estimated AROs when identified.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
A reconciliation of the ARO liabilities is as follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Liability at December 31, 2021 | $ | 234,146 |  |  | $ | 233,383 |  |  | $ | 763 |
Liabilities incurred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Accretion expense | 10,767 |  |  | 10,702 |  |  | 65 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows(1) | (21,536) |  |  | (21,536) |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2022 | 223,377 |  |  | 222,549 |  |  | 828 |
Liabilities incurred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | (3,482) |  |  | (3,482) |  |  | — |
Accretion expense | 10,218 |  |  | 10,148 |  |  | 70 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows(2) | 15,418 |  |  | 15,418 |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2023 | 245,531 |  |  | 244,633 |  |  | 898 |
Liabilities incurred | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liabilities settled | (12,451) |  |  | (12,432) |  |  | (19) |
Accretion expense | 11,538 |  |  | 11,462 |  |  | 76 |
Revisions to estimated cash flows | — |  |  | — |  |  | — |
Liability at December 31, 2024 | $ | 244,618 |  |  | $ | 243,663 |  |  | $ | 955 |

(1) Reflects a decrease of $21.5 million related to an updated SJGS decommissioning study.
(2) Reflects an increase of $15.4 million related to an updated PVNGS decommissioning study.
(16)Commitments and Contingencies
Overview
There are various claims and lawsuits pending against the Company. In addition, the Company is subject to federal, state, and local environmental laws and regulations and periodically participates in the investigation and remediation of various sites. In addition, the Company periodically enters into financial commitments in connection with its business operations. Also, the Company is involved in various legal and regulatory proceedings in the normal course of its business. See Note 17. It is not possible at this time for the Company to determine fully the effect of all litigation and other legal and regulatory proceedings on its financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
With respect to some of the items listed below, the Company has determined that a loss is not probable or that, to the extent probable, cannot be reasonably estimated. In some cases, the Company is not able to predict with any degree of certainty the range of possible loss that could be incurred. The Company assesses legal and regulatory matters based on current information and makes judgments concerning their potential outcome, giving due consideration to the nature of the claim, the amount and nature of any damages sought, and the probability of success. Such judgments are made with the understanding that the outcome of any litigation, investigation, or other legal proceeding is inherently uncertain. The Company records liabilities for matters where it is probable a loss has been incurred and the amount of loss is reasonably estimatable. The actual outcomes of the items listed below could ultimately differ from the judgments made and the differences could be material. The Company cannot make any assurances that the amount of reserves or potential insurance coverage will be sufficient to cover the cash obligations that might be incurred as a result of litigation or regulatory proceedings. Except as otherwise disclosed, the Company does not expect that any known lawsuits, environmental costs, or commitments will have a material effect on its financial condition, results of operations, or cash flows.
Commitments and Contingencies Related to the Environment
PVNGS Decommissioning Funding
The costs of decommissioning a nuclear power plant are substantial. PNM is responsible for all decommissioning obligations related to its entire interest in PVNGS, including portions under leases both during and after termination of the leases. PNM has a program for funding its share of decommissioning costs for PVNGS, including portions previously held under leases. The nuclear decommissioning funding program is invested in equities and fixed income instruments in qualified and non-qualified trusts. PNM funded $1.3 million for each of the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022 into the qualified trust funds. The fair value of the trusts at December 31, 2024 and 2023 was $384.6 and $361.0 million.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Nuclear Spent Fuel and Waste Disposal
Nuclear power plant operators are required to enter into spent fuel disposal contracts with the DOE that require the DOE to accept and dispose of all spent nuclear fuel and other high-level radioactive wastes generated by domestic power reactors. Although the Nuclear Waste Policy Act required the DOE to develop a permanent repository for the storage and disposal of spent nuclear fuel by 1998, the DOE announced that it would not be able to open the repository by 1998 and sought to excuse its performance of these requirements. In November 1997, the DC Circuit issued a decision preventing the DOE from excusing its own delay but refused to order the DOE to begin accepting spent nuclear fuel. Based on this decision and the DOE’s delay, a number of utilities, including APS (on behalf of itself and the other PVNGS owners, including PNM), filed damages actions against the DOE in the Court of Federal Claims. The lawsuits filed by APS alleged that damages were incurred due to DOE’s continuing failure to remove spent nuclear fuel and high-level waste from PVNGS. APS and the DOE entered into a settlement agreement, subsequently extended, that established a process for the payment of claims for costs incurred through December 31, 2025. Under the settlement agreement, APS must submit claims annually for payment of allowable costs. PNM records estimated claims on a quarterly basis. The benefit from the claims is passed through to customers under the FPPAC.
PNM estimates that it will incur approximately $55.6 million (in 2023 dollars) for its share of the costs related to the on-site interim storage of spent nuclear fuel at PVNGS for the remaining term of the operating licenses. PNM accrues these costs as a component of fuel expense as the nuclear fuel is consumed. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, PNM had a liability for interim storage costs of $13.4 million and $11.0 million, which is included in other deferred credits.
PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site Independent Spent Fuel Storage Installation (“ISFSI”) to store all of the nuclear fuel that will be irradiated during the initial operating license period, which ends in December 2027. Additionally, PVNGS has sufficient capacity at its on-site ISFSI to store a portion of the fuel that will be irradiated during the period of extended operation, which ends in November 2047. If uncertainties regarding the U.S. government’s obligation to accept and store spent fuel are not favorably resolved, APS will evaluate alternative storage solutions that may obviate the need to expand the ISFSI to accommodate all of the fuel that will be irradiated during the period of extended operation.
The Energy Transition Act
The Energy Transition Act (“ETA”) sets a statewide standard that requires investor-owned electric utilities to have specified percentages of their electric-generating portfolios be from renewable and zero-carbon generating resources. The ETA requires utilities operating in New Mexico to have renewable portfolios equal to 40% by 2025, 50% by 2030, 80% by 2040, and 100% zero-carbon energy by 2045. The ETA also allows for the recovery of undepreciated investments and decommissioning costs related to qualifying EGUs that the NMPRC has required be removed from retail jurisdictional rates, provided replacement resources to be included in retail rates have lower or zero-carbon emissions. The ETA requires the NMPRC to review and approve utilities’ annual renewable portfolio plans to ensure compliance with the RPS. Also pursuant to the ETA, the New Mexico Environmental Improvement Board adopted standards of performance that limit CO 2 emissions to no more than 1,100 lbs. per MWh beginning January 1, 2023 for new and existing coal-fired EGUs with original installed capacities exceeding 300 MW.
The ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fuel generation resources to renewable and other carbon-free resources through certain provisions relating to the abandonment of coal-fired generating facilities. These provisions include the use of energy transition bonds, which are designed to be highly rated bonds that can be issued to finance certain costs of abandoning coal-fired facilities that are retired prior to January 1, 2023 for facilities operated by a “qualifying utility,” or prior to January 1, 2032 for facilities that are not operated by a qualifying utility. The amount of energy transition bonds that can be issued to recover abandonment costs is limited to the lesser of $375.0 million or 150% of the undepreciated investment of the facility as of the abandonment date. Proceeds provided by energy transition bonds must be used only for purposes related to providing utility service to customers and to pay energy transition costs (as defined by the ETA). These costs may include plant decommissioning and coal mine reclamation costs provided those costs have not previously been recovered from customers or disallowed by the NMPRC or by a court order. Proceeds from energy transition bonds may also be used to fund severances for employees of the retired facility and related coal mine and to promote economic development, education and job training in areas impacted by the retirement of the coal-fired facilities. Energy transition bonds must be issued under a NMPRC-approved financing order, are secured by “energy transition property,” are non-recourse to the issuing utility, and are repaid by a non-bypassable charge paid by all customers of the issuing utility. These customer charges are subject to an adjustment mechanism designed to provide for timely and complete payment of principal and interest due under the energy transition bonds.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The ETA also provides that utilities must obtain NMPRC approval of competitively procured replacement resources that shall be evaluated based on their cost, economic development opportunity, ability to provide jobs with comparable pay and benefits to those lost upon retirement of the facility, and that do not exceed emissions thresholds specified in the ETA. In determining whether to approve replacement resources, the NMPRC must give preference to resources with the least environmental impacts, those with higher ratios of capital costs to fuel costs, and those located in the school district of the abandoned facility. The ETA also provides for the procurement of energy storage facilities and gives utilities discretion to maintain, control, and operate these systems to ensure reliable and efficient service.
The ETA has had and will have a significant impact on PNM’s future generation portfolio, including PNM’s retirement of SJGS in 2022. PNM cannot predict the full impact of the ETA with respect to Four Corners or the outcome of its future generating resource abandonment and replacement resource filings with the NMPRC. See additional discussion in Note 17 of PNM’s SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment Applications.
The Clean Air Act
Regional Haze
Pursuant to the CAA, states are required to establish goals for improving visibility in national parks and wilderness areas (also known as Class I areas) and to develop long-term strategies for reducing emissions of air pollutants that cause visibility impairment in their own states and for preventing degradation in other states. States must establish a series of interim goals to ensure continued progress by adopting a new SIP every ten years. In the first SIP planning period, states were required to conduct BART determinations for certain covered facilities, including utility boilers, built between 1962 and 1977 that have the potential to emit more than 250 tons per year of visibility impairing pollution. For all future SIP planning periods, states must evaluate whether additional emissions reduction measures may be needed to continue making reasonable progress toward natural visibility conditions.
SIPs for the second planning period were due in July 2021, which deadline NMED was unable to meet. NMED is currently preparing its SIP for the second compliance period and has notified PNM that it will not be required to submit a regional haze four-factor analysis for SJGS since PNM retired its share of SJGS in 2022. On August 30, 2022, EPA published in the Federal Register an official “Finding of Failure to Submit” for states, including New Mexico, that have not yet submitted a round 2 regional haze SIP. This action by EPA started a 2-year clock for it to issue a Federal Implementation Plan (“FIP”), which deadline has now passed. NMED petitioned the NM Environmental Improvement Board to adopt a proposed SIP. The public hearing that was scheduled for December 18, 2024 was cancelled and a new hearing is scheduled for April 28 to April 30, 2025. PNM submitted comments on the proposed SIP in response to a request for comments by NMED.
Carbon Dioxide Emissions
In 2015, EPA established standards to limit CO 2 emissions from power plants, including (1) Carbon Pollution Standards for new, modified, and reconstructed power plants; and (2) the Clean Power Plan for existing power plants. Challengers successfully petitioned the US Supreme Court for a stay of the Clean Power Plan. In 2019, EPA repealed the Clean Power Plan, promulgated the ACE Rule, and revised the implementing regulations for all emission guidelines. The ACE Rule was also challenged, and on January 19, 2021, the DC Circuit issued an opinion in American Lung Association and American Public Health Association v. EPA, et al., vacating the ACE Rule.
Numerous parties sought review by the US Supreme Court, and on June 30, 2022, the Court held that the “generation shifting” approach in the Clean Power Plan exceeded the powers granted to EPA by Congress. Of broader significance in administrative law, the Court’s opinion expressly invoked the “major question” doctrine, which requires rules involving issues of “vast economic or political significance” to be supported by clear statutory authorization. In cases where there is no clear statement of authority, courts need not defer to the agency’s statutory interpretation on “major questions.” The decision sets legal precedent for future rulemakings by EPA and other federal regulatory agencies whereby the agencies’ authority may be limited based upon similar reasoning.
The litigation over the Carbon Pollution Standards remains held in abeyance but could be reactivated by the parties upon a determination by the court that reconsideration of the rule has concluded.
In 2024, EPA adopted regulatory actions under CAA sections 111(b) and (d) to replace the Clean Power Plan and the ACE Rule. The final rules include revised new source performance standards under Section 111(b) for all new natural gas-fired combustion turbines and emission guidelines under Section 111(d) requiring states to develop standards of performance for GHG emissions from existing fossil-fuel-fired electric steam generating units. In the final rules, EPA determined that the
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standards for existing coal- or gas-fired steam generating units must be based on the use of either CCS (long-term), natural gas co-firing (medium-term), or exempt from the rule via early retirement. The standards for new combustion turbines must be based on CCS (base load), efficient simple cycle design (intermediate load), or lower-emitting fuels (low load). Over a dozen states, several industry groups and some power companies and labor unions have filed challenges to the rule at the DC Circuit, which heard oral arguments on December 6, 2024. However, President Trump issued several executive orders on January 20, 2025, directing his administration to review all agency actions and suspend, revise, or rescind those identified as imposing an undue burden on domestic energy resources, which will likely include the rules for greenhouse gas emissions from new combustion turbines and existing steam generation units.
Because the CAA 111 rule does not contain provisions for existing natural gas units, on March 26, 2024, EPA announced it was opening a non-regulatory docket and issued framing questions to gather input about ways to design a stronger, more durable approach to GHG regulation of existing gas combustion turbines. The docket was open for public comment from March 26, 2024 to May 28, 2024 and the agency held a policy forum to bring stakeholders together to share ideas with EPA and others. Under the new Trump Administration, EPA is unlikely to propose a rule based on this non-regulatory docket.
In 2021, President Biden signed an extensive executive order aimed at addressing climate change concerns domestically and internationally. The order is intended to build on the initial climate-related actions the Biden Administration took on January 20, 2021. It addresses a wide range of issues, including establishing climate change concerns as an essential element of U.S. foreign and security policy, identifying a process to determine the U.S. INDC under the Paris Agreement, and establishing a Special Presidential Envoy for Climate that will sit on the National Security Council. On April 22, 2021, at the Earth Day Summit, as part of the U.S.’s re-entry into the Paris Agreement, President Biden unveiled the goal to cut U.S. emissions by 50% - 52% from 2005 levels by 2030, nearly double the GHG emissions reduction target set by the Obama Administration. The 2030 goal joins President Biden’s other climate goals which include a carbon pollution-free power sector by 2035 and a net-zero emissions economy by no later than 2050. In an executive order issued January 20, 2025, President Trump ordered his administration to withdraw the United States from Paris Agreement and from any agreement, pact, accord, or similar commitment made under the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change.
PNM’s review of the GHG emission reductions standards that have or may occur as a result of legislation or regulation is ongoing. We are currently determining what impact, if any, the final rules will have on PNM’s business, results of operations, and financial condition.
National Ambient Air Quality Standards (“NAAQS”)
The CAA requires EPA to set NAAQS for pollutants reasonably anticipated to endanger public health or welfare. EPA has set NAAQS for certain pollutants, including NOx, SO 2, ozone, and particulate matter.
NO X Standard – In 2018, EPA published the final rule to retain the current primary health-based NOx standards of which NO 2 is the constituent of greatest concern and is the indicator for the primary NAAQS. EPA concluded that the current 1-hour and annual primary NO 2 standards are requisite to protect public health with an adequate margin of safety. The rule became effective on May 18, 2018. The State of New Mexico has attained the current NOx NAAQS standards.
SO 2 Standard – In 2019, EPA announced its final decision to retain, without changes, the primary health-based NAAQS for SO 2. Specifically, EPA retained the current 1-hour standard for SO 2, which is 75 parts per billion, based on the 3-year average of the 99 th percentile of daily maximum 1-hour SO 2 concentrations. In 2021, EPA published in the Federal Register the initial air quality designations for all remaining areas not yet designated under the 2010 SO 2 Primary NAAQS. All areas of New Mexico have been designated attainment/unclassifiable through four rounds of designations by EPA.
Ozone Standard – In 2015, EPA finalized the new ozone NAAQS and lowered both the primary and secondary 8-hour standard from 75 to 70 parts per billion. With ozone standards becoming more stringent, fossil-fueled generation units will come under increasing pressure to reduce emissions of NOx and volatile organic compounds since these are the pollutants that form ground-level ozone. During 2017 and 2018, EPA released rules establishing area designations for ozone. In those rules, San Juan County, New Mexico, where Four Corners is located, is designated as attainment/unclassifiable and only a small area in Doña Ana County, New Mexico is designated as marginal non-attainment. Although Afton Generating Station is located in Doña Ana County, it is not located within the small area designated as non-attainment for the 2015 ozone standard. PNM does not believe there will be material impacts to its facilities because of the non-attainment designation of the small area within Doña Ana County. Until EPA approves attainment designations for the Navajo Nation and releases a proposal to implement the revised ozone NAAQS, PNM is unable to predict what impact the adoption of these standards may have on Four Corners. On July 13, 2020, EPA proposed to retain the existing ozone NAAQS based on a review of the full body of currently available
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scientific evidence and exposure/risk information, but on August 21, 2023, EPA announced an entirely new review of the ozone standard. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
In 2019, EPA issued findings that several states, including New Mexico, had failed to submit interstate transport SIPs for the 2015 8-hour ozone NAAQS, triggering an obligation for EPA to issue a federal implementation plan within two years. In response, NMED submitted a Good Neighbor SIP on July 27, 2021 that demonstrates that there are no significant contributions from New Mexico to downwind problems in meeting the federal ozone standard. On March 15, 2023, EPA Administrator Regan signed a final action imposing a FIP on multiple states but did not include a FIP for New Mexico because the most updated modeling available at the time of the proposal confirmed the state did not contribute to downwind ozone nonattainment or maintenance areas. However, the updated modeling EPA used in the final rule indicated that New Mexico may be significantly contributing to one or more non-attainment or maintenance areas. In light of that modeling result, on February 16, 2024, the EPA published a proposed rule partially disapproving the SIPs for New Mexico and four other states (Arizona, Iowa, Kansas, Tennessee) and expanding the Good Neighbor FIP to apply to these states. The FIP aspect of the proposed rule would have required fossil fuel-fired power plants in these five states to participate in an allowance-based ozone season NOx emissions trading program beginning in 2025, but the outgoing Biden Administration did not finalize the rule, and the new Trump administration is highly unlikely to finalize it.
PM Standard – In 2023, EPA published, in the Federal Register, a proposal to lower the annual fine PM standard to between 9-10 µg/m3 but retain the rest of its PM standards, including the current daily fine PM standard, the daily coarse PM standard, and the secondary PM standards. The final rule was published on March 6, 2024, lowering the primary annual PM 2.5 NAAQS to 9 ug/m3. The rule became effective May 6, 2024, and states will have until March 2032 to attain compliance with the new standard. During the multi-year implementation process, EPA will designate attainment/nonattainment areas by March 6, 2026, and states will submit a State Implementation Plan to EPA by September 6, 2027. This implementation process also applies to the Albuquerque-Bernalillo County Environmental Health Department who may combine efforts with NMED. Bernalillo County does not currently meet the 9 ug/m3 standard which may impact future air permitting activities at Rio Bravo and Reeves Generating Stations if the county is designated as nonattainment. However, even before any designations are made, the new standard is effective for conducting required modeling for permit applications and revisions. The lower standard is expected to result in new nonattainment areas throughout the country and could prompt additional PM control requirements, but PNM cannot predict the impacts of the outcome of future rulemaking.
Cooling Water Intake Structures
In 2014, EPA issued a rule establishing national standards for certain cooling water intake structures at existing power plants and other facilities under the Clean Water Act to protect fish and other aquatic organisms by minimizing impingement mortality (the capture of aquatic wildlife on intake structures or against screens) and entrainment mortality (the capture of fish or shellfish in water flow entering and passing through intake structures).
To minimize impingement mortality, the rule provides operators of facilities, such as Four Corners, seven options for meeting Best Technology Available (“BTA”) standards for reducing impingement. The permitting authority must establish the BTA for entrainment on a site-specific basis, taking into consideration an array of factors, including endangered species and social costs and benefits. Affected sources must submit source water baseline characterization data to the permitting authority to assist in the BTA determination. Compliance deadlines under the rule are tied to permit renewal, including any subject to a schedule of compliance established by the permitting authority in the permit.
In 2018, several environmental groups sued EPA Region IX in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit over EPA’s failure to timely reissue the Four Corners NPDES permit. The petitioners asked the court to issue a writ of mandamus compelling EPA Region IX to take final action on the pending NPDES permit by a reasonable date. EPA subsequently reissued the NPDES permit. The permit did not contain conditions related to the cooling water intake structure rule, because EPA determined that the facility had achieved BTA for both impingement and entrainment by operating a closed-cycle recirculation system. Several environmental groups filed a petition for review with EPA’s Environmental Appeals Board (“EAB”) concerning the reissued permit. The environmental groups alleged that the permit was reissued in contravention of the Clean Water Act and did not contain limits or conditions required by EPA’s Effluent Limitations Guidelines (“ELG”) applicable to Four Corners or EPA’s cooling water intake structures rule, among others. EPA withdrew the Four Corners NPDES permit in order to examine the issues raised by the environmental groups and then issued an updated NPDES permit in 2019. The permit was once again appealed to the EAB and was stayed before the effective date, but the EAB issued an order denying the petition for review on September 30, 2020. Thereafter, the Regional Administrator of the EPA signed a notice of final permit decision, and the NPDES permit was issued on November 9, 2020. The permit became effective December 1, 2020. On January 22, 2021, the environmental groups filed a petition for review of the EAB’s decision with the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Ninth
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Circuit. The September 2019 permit remained in effect pending the outcome of this appeal. On March 21, 2022, EPA provided notice in the Federal Register of a proposed settlement agreement with the environmental groups. The parties subsequently executed the settlement agreement as of May 2, 2022. Under the settlement, the lawsuit was administratively closed through September 6, 2023, during which time a third-party consultant spent 12 months sampling discharges from Four Corners and EPA spent three months completing an analysis. On December 1, 2023, EPA issued a modification, effective December 31, 2023, to the NPDES permit that had been issued on November 9, 2020. The modification applies to permit elements related to effluent discharge. PNM cannot predict whether the analysis required to be performed by EPA under the settlement agreement will result in further changes to the NPDES permit but does not anticipate that it will have a material impact on PNM’s financial position, results of operations, or cash flows.
Effluent Limitation Guidelines
In 2013, EPA published proposed revised wastewater ELG establishing technology-based wastewater discharge limitations for fossil fuel-fired electric power plants. EPA signed the final Steam Electric ELG rule in 2015. The final rule, which became effective on January 4, 2016, phased in the new, more stringent requirements in the form of effluent limits for arsenic, mercury, selenium, and nitrogen for wastewater discharged from wet scrubber systems and zero discharge of pollutants in ash transport water that must be incorporated into plants’ NPDES permits. The 2015 rule required each plant to comply between 2018 and 2023 depending on when it needs a new or revised NPDES permit.
The Steam Electric ELG rule was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Fifth Circuit by numerous parties. In 2017, EPA signed a notice indicating its intent to reconsider portions of the rule, and the Fifth Circuit issued an order severing the issues under reconsideration and holding the case in abeyance as to those issues. However, the court allowed challenges to other portions of the rule to proceed. In 2019, the Fifth Circuit granted those challenges and issued an opinion vacating several portions of the rule, specifically those related to legacy wastewater and leachate, for which the court deemed the standards selected by EPA arbitrary and capricious.
In 2017, EPA published a final rule for postponement of certain compliance dates. The rule postponed the earliest date on which compliance with the ELG for these waste streams would be required from November 1, 2018 until November 1, 2020. In 2019, EPA published a proposed rule revising the original ELG while maintaining the compliance dates. In 2020, EPA published in the Federal Register the final Steam Electric ELG and Standards for the Steam Electric Power Generating Point Source Category, revising the final 2015 guidelines for both flue gas desulfurization wastewater and bottom ash transport water. The 2020 rule required compliance with new limits as soon as possible on or after October 13, 2021, but no later than December 31, 2025.
In 2021, EPA published notice that it would undertake a supplemental rulemaking to revise the ELG after completing its review of the rules reconsidered in 2020. As part of this process, EPA committed to determine whether more stringent limitations and standards would be appropriate. On March 29, 2023, EPA published the proposed ELG Rule in the Federal Register. The proposed rule included stricter limitations for wastewater discharges for coal-fired facilities, but allowed for flexibilities for those coal-powered facilities that would soon decommission or repower. With this proposed rule EPA extended the date of decommissioning or repowering from December 31, 2028, to December 31, 2032.
On May 9, 2024, EPA published a final rule to further revise the ELG. This final supplemental rule updated the technology-based limitations applicable to flue gas desulfurization wastewater, bottom ash transport water, and legacy wastewater at existing sources, as well as combustion residual leachate at new and existing sources. The 2024 rule was challenged in the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Eighth Circuit, but the court denied motions for stay, so the rule remains in effect.
Reeves Station discharges cooling tower blowdown to a publicly owned treatment plant and no longer holds an NPDES permit; therefore, it is expected that no ELG requirements will be imposed.
See “Cooling Water Intake Structures” above for additional discussion of Four Corners’ current NPDES permit. Four Corners may be required to change equipment and operating practices affecting boilers and ash handling systems, as well as change its waste disposal techniques during the next NPDES permit renewal. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters or a range of the potential costs of compliance.
Santa Fe Generating Station
PNM and NMED are parties to agreements under which PNM has installed a remediation system to treat water from a City of Santa Fe municipal supply well and an extraction well to address gasoline contamination in the groundwater at the site
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of PNM’s former Santa Fe Generating Station and service center. A 2008 NMED site inspection report states that neither the source nor extent of contamination at the site has been determined and that the source may not be the former Santa Fe Generating Station. During 2013 and 2014, PNM and NMED collected additional samples that showed elevated concentrations of nitrate and volatile organic compounds in some of the monitoring wells at the site. In addition, one monitoring well contained free-phase hydrocarbon products. PNM collected a sample of the product for “fingerprint” analysis. The results of this analysis indicated the product was a mixture of older and newer fuels. The presence of newer fuels in the sample suggests the hydrocarbon product likely originated from off-site sources. In 2015, PNM and NMED entered into a memorandum of understanding to address changing groundwater conditions at the site under which PNM agreed to continue hydrocarbon investigation under the supervision of NMED. Qualified costs are eligible for payment through the New Mexico Corrective Action Fund (“CAF”), which is administered by the NMED Petroleum Storage Tank Bureau. In 2019, PNM received notice from NMED that an abatement plan for the site is required to address concentrations of previously identified compounds, unrelated to those discussed above, found in the groundwater. NMED approved PNM’s abatement plan proposal, which covers field work and reporting.
Field work related to the investigation under both the CAF and abatement plan requirements was completed and activities and findings associated with the field work were presented in two separate reports and released to stakeholders in early 2020. Subsequent field work was completed in July 2020 and two reports were released supporting PNM’s contention that off-site sources have impacted, and are continuing to impact, the local groundwater in the vicinity of the former Santa Fe Generating Station.
In 2021, NMED approved both the field work plans required for site characterization and associated work activities which were completed by the end of 2022 and a report was submitted to the NMED in 2023. Groundwater sampling for the abatement plan’s first semiannual work was completed in 2023, and the associated report was completed and submitted to the NMED. In addition, the work plan for the 2023 CAF work was completed and submitted to the NMED in July 2023. NMED approved this work plan in December 2023. The activities from the work plan include the installation of three monitoring wells and additional rounds of groundwater sampling were completed in January 2025. Site wide sampling will take place in 2025, with reports provided to NMED.
The City of Santa Fe has stopped operating its well at the site, which is needed for PNM’s groundwater remediation system to operate. As a result, PNM has stopped performing remediation activities at the site. However, PNM’s monitoring and other abatement activities at the site are ongoing and will continue until the groundwater meets applicable federal and state standards or until the NMED determines remediation is not required, whichever is earlier. PNM is not able to assess the duration of this project or estimate the impact on its obligations if PNM is required to resume groundwater remediation activities at the site. PNM is unable to predict the outcome of these matters.
Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal
CCRs consisting of fly ash, bottom ash, and gypsum generated from coal combustion and emission control equipment at SJGS have been disposed of in the surface mine pits adjacent to the plant. SJGS does not operate any onsite CCR impoundments or landfills. The NMMMD currently regulates mine reclamation activities at the San Juan mine, including placement of CCRs in the surface mine pits, with federal oversight by the OSM. APS disposes of CCRs in onsite ponds and dry storage areas at Four Corners. Ash management at Four Corners is regulated by EPA and the New Mexico State Engineer’s Office.
EPA’s 2015 coal ash rule included a non-hazardous waste determination for coal ash and sets minimum criteria for existing and new CCR landfills and surface impoundments. In 2016, the Water Infrastructure Improvements for the Nation Act (the “WIIN Act”) was signed into law to address critical water infrastructure needs in the U.S. and contained a number of provisions related to CCRs. Among other things, the WIIN Act allowed, but did not require, states to develop and submit CCR permit programs for EPA approval, provided flexibility for states to incorporate EPA’s 2015 rule for CCRs or develop other criteria that are at least as protective as EPA’s rule, and required EPA to approve state permit programs within 180 days of submission by the state. Because states are not required to implement their own CCR permit programs, EPA was required to develop a federal permit program in states that chose not to implement a program, subject to congressional funding. Until state or federal permit programs are in effect, the 2015 rule continues to be self-implementing in nature, subject to enforcement by EPA or citizen groups. For facilities located within the boundaries of Native American reservations, such as the Navajo Nation where Four Corners is located, EPA is required to develop a federal permit program regardless of appropriated funds.
In 2018, EPA published a rule that constitutes “Phase One, Part One” of its ongoing reconsideration and revision of the 2015, CCR rule. The final Phase One, Part One rule extended the deadline to allow EGUs with unlined impoundments or that fail to meet the uppermost aquifer requirement to continue to receive coal ash until October 31, 2020, which was again
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extended by subsequent amendments. The rule also authorized a “Participating State Director” or EPA to approve suspension of groundwater monitoring requirements and to issue certifications related to the location restrictions, design criteria, groundwater monitoring, remedy selection and implementation. The rule also modified groundwater protection standards for certain constituents, which include cobalt, molybdenum, lithium, and lead without a maximum contamination level.
In 2019, EPA published a second round of proposed revisions, which are commonly referred to as the “Phase Two” revisions, to address reporting and accessibility to public information, “CCR piles” and “beneficial use” definitions, and the requirements for management of CCR piles. EPA reopened and extended the Phase Two comment period several times. To date, EPA has not yet finalized provisions in Phase Two related to beneficial use of CCR and CCR piles.
Since its Phase Two proposal, EPA has finalized two other rules addressing various CCR rule provisions. In 2020, EPA promulgated its proposed Holistic Approach to Closure Part A (“Part A”), which proposed a new deadline of August 31, 2020, for companies to initiate closure of unlined CCR impoundments. In accordance with the DC Circuit Court of Appeals’ vacatur of portions of the 2015 CCR Rule, Part A also changed the classification of compacted soil-lined or clay-lined surface impoundments from “lined” to “unlined”, triggering closure or retrofit requirements for those impoundments. In addition, Part A delineated a process for owners/operators to submit requests for alternative closure deadlines based on lack of alternate disposal capacity and gave operators of unlined impoundments until April 11, 2021 to cease receipt of waste at these units and initiate closure.
EPA also issued the Holistic Approach to Closure Part B (“Part B”) in 2020, which delineated the process for owners/operators to submit alternate liner demonstrations for clay-lined surface impoundments that could otherwise meet applicable requirements. This rule did not include beneficial use of CCR for closure, which EPA explained would be addressed in subsequent rulemaking actions. On May 18, 2023, EPA published a proposed rule on the regulatory requirements for inactive surface impoundments at inactive facilities and a new category of regulated unit called a CCR management unit (“CCRMU”), including groundwater monitoring, corrective action, closure, and post-closure care requirements for all CCR management units (regardless of how or when that CCR was placed), and several technical corrections to the existing regulations. Comments on the proposed rule were due July 17, 2023.
On May 8, 2024, EPA published a final rule that extended federal CCR regulatory requirements to (1) inactive CCR surface impoundments at inactive utilities and (2) CCRMU (Legacy Rule), including CCR impoundments and landfills that closed prior to the effective date of the 2015 CCR rule, inactive CCR landfills, and other areas where CCR was managed directly on the land. The rule became effective on November 8, 2024. EPA included deferral options for smaller CCRMU containing between one and 1,000 tons of CCR, CCRMU located beneath critical infrastructure or large buildings or structures vital to the continuation of current site activities, and CCRMU that closed prior to the effective date of the new rule (subject to certain eligibility conditions). EPA also codified the controversial definitions of infiltration and liquids that were litigated in the DC Circuit. Six petitions for review of the Legacy Rule were filed and were consolidated into one case by the DC Circuit. The Utility Solid Waste Activities Group, of which TXNM Energy is a member, is a petitioner jointly with the National Rural Electric Cooperative Association, and American Public Power Association.
As of the effective date of the rule, one CCRMU was identified at SJGS. SJGS is required, at a minimum, to conduct a two-part evaluation of historic and current CCRMUs with reporting due dates of February 9, 2026, and February 8, 2027, with each report posted to a company website by the due date.
At this time, PNM is still evaluating the financial impacts of this final regulation for Four Corners. Initial CCRMU site surveys are expected to be completed by February 2026 with final site investigation reports expected to be finalized by February 2027. Based on the information available to the Company at this time, PNM cannot reasonably estimate the fair value of the entire CCRMU asset retirement obligation. PNM cannot predict the outcome of the CCRMU site evaluations and investigations, or how these outcomes might affect the associated costs, which might have a material impact on PNM’s operations, financial position, or cash flows.
In 2020, EPA published a proposed rule establishing a federal permitting program for the handling of CCR within the boundaries of Native American reservations and in states without their own federally authorized state programs. Permits for units within the boundaries of Native American reservations would be due 18 months after the effective date of the rule. EPA projected finalizing the rule in October 2024 but still has not submitted a final version to OMB. Given the change in Administration, it is not clear whether or when EPA will finalize the rule. EPA has coordinated with the affected permits for the three facilities with CCR disposal units located on Native American lands. PNM cannot predict the outcome of EPA’s rulemaking activity or the outcome of any related litigation, and whether or how such a ruling would affect operations at Four Corners.
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EPA’s CCR rule does not cover mine placement of coal ash. In the preamble to its 2015 rule, EPA explained that the United States Office of Surface Mining Reclamation and Enforcement (“OSM”) and, as necessary, EPA would address the management of CCR in mine fills in a separate regulatory action, recognizing OSM’s expertise in this area. EPA’s decision to defer to OSM was based on a recommendation from the National Academy of Sciences (“NAS”), which was commissioned by Congress in 2006 to investigate the health, safety and environmental risks associated with the use of CCR for mine reclamation. The NRC report recommended that enforceable federal standards be established for the disposal of CCR in mine fills to ensure that states have specific authority and that states implement adequate safeguards. In 2007, OSM published an advance notice of proposed rulemaking on the placement of CCR at mine sites. In that notice, OSM explained its intent to develop the proposed regulations based on its existing authority under the Surface Mining Control and Reclamation Act (“SMCRA”). Since 2007, however, OSM has not taken any further action to advance this rulemaking. PNM cannot predict the outcome of OSM’s proposed rulemaking regarding CCR regulation, including mine placement of CCRs, or whether OSM’s actions will have a material impact on PNM’s operations, financial position, or cash flows.
As noted above, SJGS does not operate any onsite CCR impoundments or landfills that are regulated under the 2015 CCR rule, and as of November 8, 2024, identified only one CCRMU that would be regulated under the Legacy Rule. That CCRMU has since been removed from that unit. PNM would seek recovery from its retail customers of all CCR costs for jurisdictional assets that are ultimately incurred.
Utilities that own or operate CCR disposal units, such as those at Four Corners, as indicated above, were required to collect sufficient groundwater sampling data to initiate a detection monitoring program. Four Corners completed the analysis for its CCR disposal units, which identified several units that needed corrective action or needed to cease operations and initiate closure by April 11, 2021. Work is ongoing. Four Corners continues to gather additional groundwater data and perform remedial evaluations and activities. At this time, PNM does not anticipate its share of the cost to complete these corrective actions to close the CCR disposal units, or to gather and perform remedial evaluations on groundwater at Four Corners, will have a significant impact on its operations, financial position, or cash flows.
Other Commitments and Contingencies
Coal Supply
Four Corners
APS purchases all of Four Corners’ coal requirements from NTEC, an entity owned by the Navajo Nation, under the Four Corners CSA that expires in 2031. The coal comes from reserves located within the Navajo Nation. The contract provides for pricing adjustments over its term based on economic indices and certain minimum payments that may be required if no deliveries of coal are taken. As of December 31, 2024 those minimum payments were $42.5 million for 2025, $85.9 million for 2026 and 2027, $89.8 million for 2028 and 2029, and $71.0 million for 2030 and thereafter. PNM’s share of the coal costs is being recovered through the FPPAC.
Coal Mine Reclamation
As indicated under Coal Combustion Residuals Waste Disposal above, SJGS disposed of CCRs in the surface mine pits adjacent to the plant and Four Corners disposes of CCRs in ponds and dry storage areas.
Under the terms of the SJGS CSA, PNM and the other SJGS owners are obligated to compensate WSJ LLC for all reclamation costs associated with the supply of coal from the San Juan mine. PNM and Westmoreland have entered into an agreement under which mine reclamation services for SJGS would be provided. A mine reclamation cost study was completed in the first quarter of 2024 and PNM remeasured its liability, which resulted in an increase in overall reclamation costs of $20.9 million, due primarily to higher inflationary factors. As a result, PNM recorded the increase in the liability related to the underground mine of $17.0 million as a regulatory asset on the Consolidated Balance Sheets. Due to the NMPRC cap on the amount that can be collected from retail customers for final reclamation of the surface mines at $100.0 million, PNM was required to record $4.0 million of the increase related to the surface mine liability plus an additional $0.5 million, related to other costs, as a regulatory disallowance on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2024. In the third quarter of 2024, PNM and Westmoreland amended the mine reclamation services agreement to update the base rates for the costs of reclamation activities, which resulted in an increase in overall reclamation costs of $12.1 million. As a result, PNM recorded the increase in the liability related to the underground mine of $6.0 million as regulatory assets on the Consolidated Balance Sheets and the increase of $6.1 million related to the surface mine as a regulatory disallowance on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2024.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
PNM’s estimate of the costs necessary to reclaim the mine that serves SJGS is subject to many assumptions, including the timing of reclamation, generally accepted practices at the time reclamation activities occur, and current inflation and discount rates. PNM cannot predict the ultimate cost to reclaim the mine that serves SJGS and would seek to recover all costs related to reclaiming the underground mine from its customers but could be exposed to additional loss related to surface mine reclamation. In connection with certain mining permits relating to the operation of the San Juan mine, Westmoreland was required to post reclamation bonds of $118.7 million with the NMMMD. In order to facilitate the posting of reclamation bonds by sureties on behalf of Westmoreland, TXNM entered into the WFB LOC Facility under which letters of credit aggregating $30.3 million have been issued.
A coal mine reclamation study for the surface mine that serves Four Corners was issued in December 2024. The study reflected operation of the mine through 2031, the term of the Four Corners CSA. PNM remeasured its liability, which resulted in a decrease in overall reclamation costs of $1.6 million, due primarily to lower overhead costs, contractor management costs, and tax and royalties. Due to the NMPRC cap on the amount that can be collected from retail customers for final reclamation of the surface mines at $100.0 million, PNM recorded the decrease related to the surface mine liability as a regulatory disallowance on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2024.
Based on the most recent estimates, PNM’s remaining payments for mine reclamation, in future dollars, are estimated to be $51.1 million for the surface mines at both SJGS and Four Corners and $62.7 million for the underground mine at SJGS as of December 31, 2024. At December 31, 2024 and 2023, liabilities, in current dollars, of $38.3 million and $50.0 million for surface mine reclamation and $52.9 million and $26.2 million for underground mine reclamation were recorded in other deferred credits.
The SJGS owners are parties to a reclamation trust funds agreement to provide financial assurance for post-term coal mine reclamation obligations. The trust funds agreement requires each owner to enter into an individual trust agreement with a financial institution as trustee, create an irrevocable reclamation trust, and meet year-end funding targets set by funding curves that are approved by the SJGS ownership. PNM began using its mine reclamation trust to pay for final mine reclamation costs in April 2023. Because the trust agreement requires meeting specific funding targets at year end, it may be necessary for PNM to make additional contributions to meet those targets. PNM funded $27.3 million in 2024, $2.7 million in 2023, and $10.0 million in 2022. Based on PNM’s reclamation trust fund balance at December 31, 2024 and current funding curve targets, PNM anticipates contributing $1.0 million in 2025 and $0.6 million in 2026.
Under the Four Corners CSA, PNM is required to fund its share of estimated final reclamation costs in annual installments into an irrevocable escrow account solely dedicated to the final reclamation cost of the surface mine at Four Corners. PNM contributed $3.2 million in 2024, $0.2 million in 2023, and $2.4 million in 2022 and anticipates providing additional funding of $0.5 million in 2025 and $0.5 million in 2026.
PNM recovers from retail customers reclamation costs associated with the underground mine. However, the NMPRC capped the amount collected from retail customers for final reclamation of the surface mines at $100.0 million for both SJGS and Four Corners. If future estimates increase the liability for surface mine reclamation, the excess would be expensed at that time. The impacts of changes in New Mexico state law as a result of the enactment of the ETA and regulatory determinations made by the NMPRC may also affect PNM’s financial position, results of operations, and cash flows. See additional discussion regarding PNM’s SJGS and Four Corners Abandonment Applications in Note 17. PNM is currently unable to determine the outcome of these matters or the range of possible impacts.
SJGS Decommissioning
On November 9, 2021, the San Juan County Commission approved the Coal-Fired Electricity Generating Facility Demolition and Remediation Ordinance (“Ordinance 121”), requiring the full demolition of SJGS upon its complete and permanent closure. Ordinance 121 required the SJGS owners to submit a proposed demolition and remediation plan no later than three months after SJGS was retired. The SJGS owners submitted the decommissioning and remediation plan on December 28, 2022. In connection with restructuring of the SJGS ownership on December 31, 2017, PNM and the other SJGS owners entered into the San Juan Decommissioning and Trust Funds Agreement, which requires PNM to fund its ownership share of final decommissioning costs into an irrevocable trust. Under the agreement, PNM made an initial funding of $14.7 million in December 2022 and made additional contributions of $7.0 million in 2024. The amount and timing of additional trust funding is subject to revised decommissioning cost studies and agreement among the SJGS owners. PNM began using its decommissioning trust to pay for demolition and decommissioning costs in October 2023. PNM has posted a surety bond in the amount of $46.0 million in connection with certain environmental decommissioning obligations and must maintain the bond or other financial assurance until those obligations are satisfied. The surety bond only represents a liability if the SJGS owners fail to deliver on its contractual liability.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
PNM records its share of the SJGS decommissioning obligation as an ARO on its Consolidated Balance Sheets. Studies on the decommissioning costs of SJGS are performed periodically and revisions to the ARO liability are recorded. In the third quarter of 2022, a new decommissioning cost study was completed, which required PNM to remeasure its SJGS decommissioning ARO. The new study resulted in an estimated decrease to PNM’s share of the decommissioning obligation of $21.1 million, which was recorded in September 2022.
PVNGS Liability and Insurance Matters
Public liability for incidents at nuclear power plants is governed by the Price-Anderson Nuclear Industries Indemnity Act, which limits the liability of nuclear reactor owners to the amount of insurance available from both commercial sources and an industry-wide retrospective payment plan. The insurance limit is subject to an adjustment every five years based upon the aggregate percentage change in the CPI. The most recent adjustment took effect on January 1, 2024. As of that date, in accordance with this act, the PVNGS participants are insured against public liability exposure for a nuclear incident up to $16.3 billion per occurrence. PVNGS maintains the maximum available nuclear liability insurance in the amount of $500 million, which is provided by American Nuclear Insurers. The remaining $15.8 billion is provided through a mandatory industry-wide retrospective assessment program. If losses at any nuclear power plant covered by the program exceed the accumulated funds, PNM could be assessed retrospective premium adjustments. The maximum retrospective premium per reactor under the program for each nuclear liability incident is $165.9 million, subject to a maximum annual premium of $24.7 million per incident. Based on PNM’s ownership interest in the three units, PNM’s maximum retrospective premium per incident for all three units is $36.3 million, with a maximum annual payment limitation of $5.4 million, to be adjusted periodically for inflation.
The PVNGS participants maintain insurance for damage to, and decontamination of, property at PVNGS in the aggregate amount of $2.8 billion, a substantial portion of which must first be applied to stabilization and decontamination. These coverages are provided by Nuclear Electric Insurance Limited (“NEIL”). The primary policy offered by NEIL contains a sublimit of $2.25 billion for non-nuclear property damage. If NEIL’s losses in any policy year exceed accumulated funds, PNM is subject to retrospective premium adjustments of $5.1 million. The insurance coverages discussed in this, and the previous paragraph are subject to certain policy conditions, sublimits, and exclusions.
(17)Regulatory and Rate Matters
The Company is involved in various regulatory matters, some of which contain contingencies that are subject to the same uncertainties as those described in Note 16.
PNM
New Mexico General Rate Case
2025 Rate Request
On June 14, 2024, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for a general increase in retail electric rates. The proposed base rate changes would be implemented in two phases, with the first phase effective July 1, 2025 and the second phase effective January 1, 2026. Key aspects of PNM’s request include:
•Recovery on total rate base of $3.0 billion, based on a FTY with the 12 months ending June 30, 2026
•An increase of $174.3 million in retail revenues, comprised of a $92.2 million increase in base rates and a $82.1 million increase in revenues collected under PNM’s FPPAC
•Drivers of revenue deficiency:
◦Needed investments across distribution, transmission, and generation facilities to ensure safe, reliable delivery of electricity
◦Increased operations and maintenance expenses to meet operational needs, including wildfire risk mitigation
◦Costs associated with ESAs, previously approved by the NMPRC, necessary to serve our customers
◦ROE of 10.45%
◦Proposed capital structure of 52.5% equity
◦An increased cost of borrowing
◦Adjustments to Four Corners depreciation rates to recover remaining plant investments through July 2031, the expected abandonment date of the facility
•Proposed ratemaking treatment of ESAs to be recovered through PNM’s FPPAC beginning July 1, 2025
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
On November 26, 2024, PNM filed an unopposed comprehensive stipulation with the NMPRC. Key components agreed upon by the signatories are as follows:
•Overall revenue requirement increase of $105.0 million with the first phase effective July 1, 2025 and the second phase effective April 1, 2026
•ROE of 9.45%
•Capital structure of 51.0% equity
•Maintain currently approved depreciation rates for Four Corners as established in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change and PNM’s NM 2015 Rate Case
•Modification of PNM’s current amortization period through December 31, 2028 on the unprotected Excess Deferred Federal Income Taxes (“EDFIT”) regulatory liability to reflect amortization of remaining unprotected EDFIT through December 31, 2027
•Costs associated with ESAs shall be recovered through base rates
◦PNM will establish a regulatory asset or regulatory liability for the difference in actual ESA costs compared to the forecasted $82.1 million included in base rates in the test period and thereafter until new rates are effective from PNM’s next general rate case filing. The regulatory asset or regulatory liability will be subject to NMPRC approval in PNM’s next rate case
•PNM will establish a regulatory liability associated with investment tax credits for the Sandia energy storage system as proposed in its application
•PNM will establish a regulatory liability equal to the return on legacy meters currently included in rates, as the legacy meters are retired during PNM’s deployment of its grid modernization plan approved in PNM’s Grid Modernization Application
A hearing was held on February 17 and 18, 2025. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
2024 Rate Change
On December 5, 2022, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC for a general increase in retail electric rates including recovery on total rate base of $2.7 billion based on a calendar year 2024 FTY, an increase of $63.8 million in retail non-fuel revenues, and an ROE 10.25%. The application also proposed ratemaking treatment of PVNGS Leased Interest and testimony supporting the prudence of PNM’s decisions to renew the five leases and repurchase 64.1 MW of PVNGS Unit 2 capacity.
On January 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order authorizing PNM to implement an increase in non-fuel base rates of $15.3 million, effective for service beginning January 15, 2024. Major components of the difference compared to PNM’s application include:
•A ROE of 9.26%.
•A capital structure of 49.61% equity, 50.10% debt, and 0.29% preferred stock.
•Finding of imprudence regarding PNM’s decision to remain in Four Corners and a remedy for the imprudence resulting in a disallowance of $81.0 million to PNM’s total Four Corners net book value.
•Approval of $51.3 million of PNM’s requested $96.3 million regulatory asset for PVNGS undepreciated investments, but disallowance of a return on the remaining $45.0 million or any CWIP associated with it.
•Requiring that the $38.4 million regulatory liability associated with leased capacity at PVNGS after the Unit 1 lease expired on January 15, 2023, be returned to ratepayers over two years through a separate rate rider.
•The approval of new depreciation rates, reflecting shorter useful lives, of PNM’s gas plants with service lives and depreciable lives extending beyond January 1, 2045, which would include PNM’s La Luz and Luna generating stations.
•The approval of PNM’s TOD pilot program, with a requirement to make annual compliance filings and to adjust certain rate schedules.
As a result of the NMPRC final order in the 2024 Rate Change, during the year ended December 31, 2023, PNM recorded a regulatory disallowance of $55.5 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding reduction to Utility Plant, after accounting for previous impairments, to reflect the remedy adopted in the Final Order for Four Corners. In addition, PNM recorded a reduction to electric operating revenues of $38.4 million with a corresponding current regulatory liability of $19.2 million and a deferred regulatory liability of $19.2 million for the PVNGS rate refunds that will be returned to customers over a two-year period. PNM also recorded a regulatory disallowance of $8.2 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding reduction to Utility Plant for the disallowance of CWIP from PVNGS.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
In March 2024, notice of appeals were separately filed with the NM Supreme Court by NEE and PNM, and a joint notice of appeal was filed by the NM Department of Justice, Bernalillo County, and ABCWUA. NEE’s appeal was subsequently consolidated with the joint notice of appeal. In the statements of issues submitted in the parties’ appellate dockets, PNM took issue with the NMPRC’s ruling on capital structure; other appellants primarily challenged the NMPRC rulings related to Four Corners and Palo Verde cost recovery. PNM cannot predict the outcome of this matter.
Renewable Energy Portfolio Standard
As discussed in Note 16, the ETA amends the REA including removal of diversity requirements and certain customer caps and exemptions relating to the application of the RPS under the REA. The REA provides for streamlined proceedings for approval of utilities’ renewable energy procurement plans, assures that utilities recover costs incurred consistent with approved procurement plans, and requires the NMPRC to establish a Reasonable Cost Threshold (“RCT”) for the procurement of renewable resources to prevent excessive costs being added to rates. The ETA sets a RCT of $60 per MWh, adjusted for inflation, using an average annual levelized resource cost basis. PNM makes renewable procurements consistent with the NMPRC approved plans and recovers certain renewable procurement costs from customers through the renewable energy rider billed on a KWh basis.
Included in PNM’s approved procurement plans are the following renewable energy resources:
•158 MW of PNM-owned solar-PV facilities
•A PPA through 2044 for the output of New Mexico Wind, having a current aggregate capacity of 200 MW, and a PPA through 2035 for the output of Red Mesa Wind, having an aggregate capacity of 102 MW
•A PPA through 2040 for 140 MW of output from La Joya Wind II
•A PPA through 2042 for the output of the Lightning Dock Geothermal facility with a capacity of 11 MW
•Solar distributed generation, aggregating 308.5 MW at December 31, 2024, owned by customers or third parties from whom PNM purchases any net excess output and RECs
The NMPRC has authorized PNM to recover certain renewable procurement costs through a rate rider billed on a per KWh basis. In its 2024 renewable energy procurement plan, which became effective on January 1, 2024, PNM proposed to collect $59.0 million for the year. On June 3, 2024, PNM filed its renewable energy procurement plan for 2025 which proposes to collect $58.7 million for the year. PNM did not propose any new resource procurements, and the plan states that existing projects are anticipated to exceed the applicable RPS standards of 2025, despite the standard doubling. On September 11, 2024, a public hearing was held and on October 11, 2024, the hearing examiners issued a RD recommending approval of all PNM’s requests. On November 14, 2024, the NMPRC issued an order adopting the recommended decision. The 2025 renewable energy procurement plan became effective on January 1, 2025.
The following sets forth PNM’s revenues recorded for the renewable energy rider:

Year Ended |  | Annual Revenues
|  | (In millions)
2022 |  | $60.3
2023 |  | 56.9
2024 |  | 52.0

Under the renewable rider, if PNM’s earned rate of return on jurisdictional equity in a calendar year, adjusted for items not representative of normal operations, exceeds the NMPRC-approved rate by 0.5%, PNM is required to refund the excess to customers during May through December of the following year. PNM does not expect to exceed the limitation in 2024.
Energy Efficiency and Load Management
Program Costs and Incentives/Disincentives
The New Mexico EUEA requires public utilities to achieve specified levels of energy savings and to obtain NMPRC approval to implement energy efficiency and load management programs. The EUEA requires the NMPRC to remove utility disincentives to implementing energy efficiency and load management programs and to provide incentives for such programs. The NMPRC has adopted a rule to implement this act. PNM’s costs to implement approved programs and incentives are recovered through a rate rider. During the 2019 New Mexico legislative session, the EUEA was amended to, among other
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
things, include a decoupling mechanism for disincentives, preclude a reduction to a utility’s ROE based on approval of disincentive or incentive mechanisms, establish energy savings targets for the period 2021 through 2025, and require that annual program funding be 3% to 5% of an electric utility’s annual customer bills excluding gross receipt taxes, franchise and right-of-way access fees, provided that a customer’s annual cost does not exceed seventy-five thousand dollars.
In 2020, PNM received approval for energy efficiency and load management programs to be offered in 2021, 2022, and 2023. The program portfolio consisted of twelve programs with a total annual budget of $31.4 million in 2021, $31.0 million in 2022, and $29.6 million in 2023. The program included an annual base incentive of 7.1% of the portfolio budget if PNM were to achieve energy savings of at least 80 GWh in a year. The incentive increases if PNM is able to achieve savings greater than 94 GWh in a year.
In 2023, PNM filed an application for energy efficiency and load management programs to be offered in 2024, 2025, and 2026 (the “2024 Plan”). The 2024 Plan proposed to continue ten existing energy efficiency programs with modification and a total annual budget of $34.5 million in 2024, $35.4 million in 2025, and $36.5 million in 2026. The application also sought approval of an annual base incentive of 7.1% of the portfolio budget and a sliding scale that provides additional incentive for additional energy saved as a percentage of program cost, up to the maximum allowed by the energy efficiency rule which for PNM is 8.82%. On January 26, 2024, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD. The RD largely approved PNM’s 2024 Plan but with modifications that include the pursuit of demand response resources, additional analysis in future filings, adjustments to certain energy efficiency programs, and modification of the incentive sliding scale cap to reflect a new maximum. On March 7, 2024, the NMPRC approved the RD in its entirety.
2020 Decoupling Petition
As discussed above, the legislature amended the EUEA to, among other things, include a decoupling mechanism for disincentives. On May 28, 2020, PNM filed a petition for approval of a rate adjustment mechanism that would decouple the rates of its residential and small power rate classes. Decoupling is a rate design principle that severs the link between the recovery of fixed costs of the utility through volumetric charges. On July 13, 2020, NEE, ABCWUA, the City of Albuquerque, and Bernalillo County filed motions to dismiss the petition on the grounds that approving PNM’s proposed rate adjustment mechanism outside of a general rate case would result in retroactive ratemaking and piecemeal ratemaking. The motions to dismiss also alleged that PNM’s proposed rate adjustment mechanism is inconsistent with the EUEA. On October 2, 2020, PNM requested an order to vacate the public hearing, scheduled to begin October 13, 2020, and staying the proceeding until the NMPRC decides whether to entertain a petition to issue a declaratory order resolving the issues raised in the motions to dismiss. On October 7, 2020, the hearing examiner approved PNM’s request to stay the proceeding and vacate the public hearing and required PNM to file a petition for declaratory order by October 30, 2020. On October 30, 2020, PNM filed a petition for declaratory order asking the NMPRC to issue an order finding that full revenue decoupling is authorized by the EUEA. On November 4, 2020, ABCWUA and Bernalillo County jointly filed a competing petition asking the NMPRC to issue a declaratory order on the EUEA’s requirements related to disincentives. On March 17, 2021, the NMPRC issued an order granting the petitions for declaratory order, commencing a declaratory order proceeding to address the petitions and appointing a hearing examiner to preside over the declaratory order proceeding.
On January 14, 2022, the hearing examiner issued a RD recommending the NMPRC find that the EUEA does not mandate the NMPRC to authorize or approve a full decoupling mechanism, defining full decoupling as limited to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs. The RD also states that a utility may request approval of a rate adjustment mechanism to remove regulatory disincentives to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs through a stand-alone petition, as part of the utility’s triennial energy efficiency application or a general rate case and that PNM is not otherwise precluded from petitioning for a rate adjustment mechanism prior to its next general rate case. Finally, the RD stated that the EUEA does not permit the NMPRC to reduce a utility’s ROE based on approval of a disincentive removal mechanism founded on removing regulatory disincentives to energy efficiency and load management measures and programs. The RD does not specifically prohibit a downward adjustment to a utility’s capital structure, based on approval of a disincentive removal mechanism. On April 27, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order adopting the RD in its entirety. On May 24, 2022, PNM filed a notice of appeal with the NM Supreme Court. The NM Supreme Court held oral arguments on November 13, 2023. On May 13, 2024, the NM Supreme Court issued a decision finding that the EUEA allows a utility to propose full decoupling mechanisms. The NM Supreme Court did not address the second issue regarding a downward adjustment to a utility’s capital structure based on approval of disincentive removal mechanism. No declaratory order was issued by the NMPRC. This matter is now concluded.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Integrated Resource Plans
NMPRC rules require that investor-owned utilities file an IRP every three years. The IRP is required to cover a 20-year planning period and contain an action plan covering the first three years of that period. On September 14, 2022, the NMPRC adopted revisions to the IRP Rule. The new rule revamps and modernizes the planning process to accommodate increased stakeholder involvement. The IRP Rule establishes a collaborative facilitated process for a utility and stakeholders to agree on a statement of need for potential new or additional resources, as well as an action plan to guide procurement or development of resources to meet the stated need. A most-cost-effective portfolio of resources shall be derived from the statement of need analysis. The statement of need and action plan must be accepted before the utility begins the resource solicitation process pursuant to the IRP Rule. Following acceptance of the statement of need and action plan, a utility will provide the NMPRC and intervenors drafts of the RFP and a timeline for issuing, receiving, evaluating, and ranking bids. The NMPRC will then appoint an Independent Monitor (“IM”) to oversee the RFP process, which allows for parties and the IM to comment on the RFP consistency with the IRP, after which the utility issues the RFP. Within 120 days of receiving bids the utility shall provide the IM with results including pricing and non-price evaluation criteria, ranking of bids, chosen portfolio and alternatives that also meet the needs; the IM then rules on the fairness of the RFP execution. Acceptance of the statement of need and action plan will not constitute a finding of prudency or pre-approval of costs associated with the additional resources. Following the RFP and IM processes, the utility may apply for approvals, and any costs incurred to implement the action plan will be considered in a general rate case and/or resource acquisition proceeding. On October 14, 2022, PNM and other investor-owned utilities filed motions for rehearing with the NMPRC. On October 26, 2022, the NMPRC issued an order partially granting and partially denying certain aspects of PNM’s and the other investor-owned utilities’ motions for rehearing. On November 2, 2022, the NMPRC adopted an amended IRP Rule. On December 2, 2022, PNM filed an appeal with the NM Supreme Court. Two other investor-owned utilities also separately filed appeals at the NM Supreme Court. On January 3, 2023, PNM and the two other investor-owned utilities filed statements of issues with the NM Supreme Court. Among other things, the investor-owned utilities question whether the IRP Rule exceeds the NMPRC authority by imposing unauthorized requirements on utilities and extending NMPRC jurisdiction through over-broad interpretation of the statutes and state that the IRP Rule is contrary to law in its provisions for NMPRC regulation of a utility’s resource procurement decision-making. On June 5, 2023, PNM and the other two investor-owned utilities filed their Joint Brief in Chief and request for oral arguments at the NM Supreme Court. The NM Supreme Court held oral arguments on May 13, 2024. On December 6, 2024, the NM Supreme Court issued a decision finding that the amended regulations do not exceed the statutory scope of the EUEA.
2023 IRP
On December 15, 2023, PNM filed its 2023 IRP with a continued focus on a carbon-free energy system by 2040. The plan highlights the need for the significant sustained addition of resources over the next two decades, replacing retiring or expiring capacity, meeting concurrent load growth, while reducing the carbon intensity of PNM’s portfolio. On April 4, 2024, the NMPRC accepted PNM’s 2023 IRP.
On December 30, 2024, PNM issued its 2029-2032 RFP for at least 900 MW of new energy resources to come online between 2029 and 2032, with at least 500 MW needed by 2030. The RFP is consistent with the needs identified in PNM’s 2023 IRP, which identified a range of 900 to 2,900 MW of new capacity needed by 2032, depending on the type of resources selected. The 2029-2032 RFP is anticipated to identify potential replacement resources for PNM’s current natural gas generation capacity as well as PNM’s ownership interest in Four Corners.
Abandonment Applications made under the ETA
As discussed in Note 16, the ETA provides for a transition from fossil-fueled generating resources to renewable and carbon-free resources by allowing utilities to issue energy transition bonds related to the retirement of certain coal-fired generating facilities, to qualified investors.
SJGS Abandonment Application
In 2019, PNM filed a Consolidated Application for the Abandonment and Replacement of SJGS and Related Securitized Financing Pursuant to the ETA. In 2023, PNM, along with intervening parties reached a unanimous settlement which was approved by the NMPRC. As a result, PNM recorded a $128.7 million reduction to electric operating revenues in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding current regulatory liability on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023. In addition, PNM recorded a regulatory disallowance of $3.3 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and a corresponding decrease to deferred regulatory assets on the Consolidated Balance
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023, to reflect PNM’s agreement to withdraw its request for regulatory assets associated with prefunding of ETA state administered funds and legal costs associated with this matter.
Four Corners Abandonment Application
In 2020, PNM entered into the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement with NTEC, pursuant to which PNM agreed to sell its 13% ownership interest (other than certain transmission assets) in Four Corners to NTEC, contingent upon NMPRC approval. In connection with the sale, PNM would make payments of $75.0 million to NTEC for relief from its obligations under the coal supply agreement for Four Corners after December 31, 2024. PNM made an initial payment to NTEC of $15.0 million in November 2020, subject to refund with interest upon termination of the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement prior to closing. Under the terms of the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement, upon receipt of the NMPRC approval, PNM was expected to make a final payment of $60.0 million.
On January 8, 2021, PNM filed the Four Corners Abandonment Application, which sought NMPRC approval to exit PNM’s share of Four Corners as of December 31, 2024, and issuance of approximately $300 million of Securitized Bonds as provided by the ETA. On December 15, 2021, the NMPRC issued a final order denying approval of the Four Corners Abandonment Application and the corresponding request for issuance of securitized financing. On December 22, 2021, PNM filed a Notice of Appeal with the NM Supreme Court of the NMPRC decision to deny the application and on July 6, 2023, the NM Supreme Court affirmed the NMPRC decision concluding that the NMPRC reasonably and lawfully denied PNM’s application for abandonment. As a result of the NM Supreme Court's decision to uphold the NMPRC's denial, the Consolidated Statements of Earnings for the year ended December 31, 2023 reflect a regulatory disallowance of $3.7 million. On April 23, 2024, PNM filed an interim notice informing the NMPRC that PNM’s updated analysis indicates it is in the interest of customers for PNM to remain as a participant in Four Corners until the expiration of the current coal supply agreement in 2031. In August 2024, PNM and NTEC terminated the Four Corners Purchase and Sale Agreement and executed an agreement for the reimbursement of PNM’s initial $15.0 million payment with interest, which was paid in 2024.
2026 Resource Application
On October 25, 2023, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of resources to be available for the 2026 summer peak. The application included a request for approval of a 100 MW solar PPA and three ESAs of 100 MW, 100 MW, and 50 MW. In addition, PNM was seeking approval of a CCN for a 60 MW battery to be owned by PNM. The resources were deemed necessary for PNM to safely and reliably meet its projected system load. A hearing was held on March 20 and 21, 2024. On May 3, 2024, the hearing examiner in the case issued a RD approving PNM’s requested resources. On May 30, 2024, the NMPRC approved the RD in its entirety. On July 9, 2024, a group of New Mexico legislators filed a petition with the NM Supreme Court requesting the court grant their motion for rehearing, which was denied on September 3, 2024. This matter is now concluded.
2028 Resource Application
On November 22, 2024, PNM filed an application with the NMPRC seeking approval of ESAs, a PPA, and a CCN for system resources in 2028 to be available to meet summer 2028 customer needs. PNM is requesting approval of:
•Two 150 MW ESAs
•A 167 MW PPA for the Valencia power plant through 2039
•A CCN for a 100 MW solar facility and a 30 MW battery to be PNM-owned and located in San Juan County. The request provides the opportunity to increase the 30 MW battery by an additional 20 MW
A hearing will be held beginning April 2, 2025, if needed.
Grid Modernization Plan
On October 3, 2022, in compliance with New Mexico Grid Modernization Statute, PNM filed its Grid Modernization Application with the NMPRC. The projects included in the Grid Modernization Application improve customers’ ability to customize their use of energy and ensure that customers, including low-income customers, are a top priority and will benefit consistent with the Grid Modernization Statute. PNM’s proposal to modernize its electricity grid through infrastructure and technology improvements also increases the efficiency, reliability, resilience, and security of PNM’s electric system. PNM’s application seeks approval of grid modernization investments of approximately $344 million for the first six years of a broader 11-year strategy. The proposed Grid Modernization Rider would recover capital costs, operating expenses, and taxes associated
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
with the investments included in the Grid Modernization Application. PNM also requested authorization to create related regulatory assets and liabilities, permitting PNM to record costs incurred for the development and implementation of PNM’s plan between the requested approval of the application on July 1, 2023, and the implementation of the Grid Modernization Rider by September 1, 2023; undepreciated investments associated with legacy meters being replaced with AMI meters; and over- or under-collection of costs through the Grid Modernization Rider. In addition, PNM requested approval of the proposed format of an Opt-Out Consent Form and proposed opt-out fees, which includes a one-time fee and a monthly fee. Following a hearing and subsequent briefs, on May 31, 2023, the NMPRC issued an order requiring the hearing examiner to direct PNM to file a cost benefit analysis as a supplement to the application. On November 22, 2023, PNM filed the required cost benefit analysis supporting PNM’s proposed Grid Modernization plan. A hearing was held in April 2024 and post-hearing briefs and response briefs were filed in June 2024. On August 16, 2024, the hearing examiner in the case issued a RD. The RD largely approved PNM’s application with minor modifications, including limiting to a return of its undepreciated costs of legacy meters and conditioned approval upon PNM accelerating the deployment schedule following a final order. On October 17, 2024, the NMPRC issued a final order adopting the RD but removed the accelerated deployment schedule.
The Community Solar Act
In 2021, the Community Solar Act established a program that allows for the development of community solar facilities and provides customers of a qualifying utility with the option of subscribing to community solar facilities, and in exchange would receive a bill credit from their utility, while the utility received energy from the community solar facility. The NMPRC was charged with administering the Community Solar Act program, establishing a total maximum capacity of 200 MW community solar facilities and allocating proportionally to the New Mexico electric investor-owned utilities and participating cooperatives, of which PNM was allocated 125 MW. On October 3, 2024, the NMPRC issued an order raising the total maximum capacity of community solar facilities by 300 MW, of which PNM was allocated 185 MW.
In 2022, PNM filed its initial Community Solar tariff and subsequently filed an updated Community Solar tariff under protest and filed a motion for clarification, suspension, and timely hearing on PNM’s Community Solar tariff. In 2023, the NMPRC suspended PNM’s Community Solar tariff and issued an order opening a new docket for two-phase proceedings. The first phase addressed issues concerning the proposed subscriber organization agreements and the proposed customer data forms. The second phase addressed all issues concerning proposed tariffs, agreements and forms that were not addressed in the first phase. In 2023, the NMPRC issued an order approving an uncontested stipulation on the first phase and PNM’s advice notice conforming to the stipulation became effective. A hearing for the second phase was held from January 17 through January 19, 2024. On August 30, 2024, the hearing examiner issued a RD, that recommended rejecting PNM’s proposed community solar rider and required PNM to refile the rider, approval of an accounting order to track certain costs in a regulatory asset and included recommendations for various issues to be handled in a future rulemaking. On November 26, 2024, the NMPRC issued an order rejecting substantially all tariffs, agreements and forms, requiring PNM to file new proposed tariffs, in addition to adopting a majority of other components proposed in the RD. PNM filed revised tariffs on February 21, 2025. PNM cannot predict the outcome of the pending matters.
FERC Compliance
PNM conducted a comprehensive internal review of its filings with FERC regarding the potential timely filing of certain agreements that contained deviations from PNM’s standard form of service agreement in its OATT and assessing any applicable FERC waivers or refund requirements. Upon completion of the comprehensive review, PNM identified service agreements containing provisions that do not conform to the standard form of agreement on file with FERC. On March 18 and March 21, 2022, PNM filed applications with FERC requesting acceptance of certain agreements as well as rejection of other service agreements and further requesting that FERC not assess time-value refunds on the accepted agreements. On May 17, 2022, FERC issued two delegated letter orders accepting the service agreements and requiring PNM to pay the time-value refunds on the revenues it received on unaffiliated, late-filed, service agreements which contained language alleged to be non-conforming.
On November 21, 2022, FERC issued an order on rehearing that required PNM to pay its customers approximately $8.1 million in time-value refunds. On November 28, 2022, PNM filed an unopposed motion for voluntary dismissal with the United States Court of Appeals for the District of Columbia of its petitions for review, which was granted on December 22, 2022. In the fourth quarter of 2022, PNM made payments totaling $8.1 million to customers which were recorded as a reduction to electric operating revenues on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. This matter is now concluded.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
FERC Order 864
In November 2019, FERC issued Order No. 864, which required public utility transmission providers with transmission formula rates to revise those rates to account for changes resulting from the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act of 2017 (the “Tax Act”). PNM had already made revisions to its formula rate to account for Tax Act changes, and, as a result of the Order, PNM proposed additional changes to its formula rate to implement the remaining requirements of the Order. In July 2022, FERC issued an order finding that PNM had predominantly complied with the requirements but set aside certain matters for settlement and hearing procedures.
On November 22, 2023, PNM, on behalf of the settling parties, filed a settlement agreement with FERC resolving all issues. As a result of the settlement agreement, PNM recorded a decrease of $3.2 million to electric operating revenues and an increase to interest charges of $0.3 million on the Consolidated Statement of Earnings and an increase to other current liabilities of $3.5 million on the Consolidated Balance Sheets as of and for the year ended December 31, 2023. This matter is now concluded.
Transportation and Electrification Program (TEP)
On June 1, 2023, PNM filed its 2024-2026 TEP with the NMPRC, requesting approval of a $37.1 million total three-year budget and continuation of the current TEP Rider. Approximately 22% of the budget, $8.0 million, will be dedicated to low-income customers. On February 2, 2024, the hearing examiners in the case issued a RD largely approving PNM’s 2024 Plan but with modifications to certain TEP programs. On February 23, 2024, the NMPRC approved the RD with additional modifications that reduced the three-year budget by $4.0 million, for a total revised budget of $32.9 million. The TEP rider became effective on April 26, 2024.
TNMP
Energy Efficiency
TNMP recovers the costs of its energy efficiency programs through an energy efficiency cost recovery factor (“EECRF”), which includes projected program costs, under or over collected costs from prior years, rate case expenses, and performance bonuses (if the programs exceed mandated savings goals).
The following sets forth TNMP’s EECRF increases:

Effective Date |  | Aggregate Collection Amount |  | Performance Bonus
|  | (In millions)
March 1, 2022 |  | $ | 7.2 |  |  | $ | 2.3 |
March 1, 2023 |  | 7.3 |  |  | 1.9
March 1, 2024 |  | 6.6 |  |  | 1.2

On May 31, 2024, TNMP filed its request to adjust the EECRF to reflect changes in costs for 2025. On October 24, 2024, the PUCT approved the total amount requested, authorizing recovery of $7.0 million, including a performance bonus of $1.3 million based on TNMP’s energy efficiency achievements in the 2023 plan year.
Transmission Cost of Service Rates
TNMP can update its TCOS rates twice per year to reflect changes in its invested capital although updates are not allowed while a general rate case is in process. Updated rates reflect the addition and retirement of transmission facilities, including appropriate depreciation, federal income tax and other associated taxes, and the approved rate of return on such facilities.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The following sets forth TNMP’s recent interim transmission cost rate increases:

Effective Date |  | Approved Increase in Rate Base |  | Annual Increase in Revenue
|  | (In millions)
March 25, 2022 |  | $ | 95.6 |  |  | $ | 14.2 |
September 22, 2022 |  | 36.0 |  |  | 5.3 |
May 12, 2023 |  | 150.5 |  |  | 19.4 |
September 6, 2023 |  | 21.4 |  |  | 4.2 |
March 15, 2024 |  | 97.4 |  |  | 13.1 |
September 20, 2024 |  | 20.6 |  |  | 3.9 |

On January 24, 2025, TNMP filed an application to further update its transmission rates, which would increase revenues by $11.5 million annually, based on an increase in rate base of $83.5 million. The application is pending before the PUCT.
Periodic Distribution Rate Adjustment
PUCT rules permit interim rate adjustments to reflect changes in investments in distribution assets. Historically, distribution utilities have been restricted to a single, annual periodic rate adjustment through a DCRF submitted between April 1 and April 8 of each year as long as the electric utility was not earning more than its authorized rate of return using weather-normalized data. However, the recent passage of Senate Bill 1015 now permits DCRF proceedings to be filed twice per year with a 60-day administrative deadline that can be extended for 15 days on good cause. Additionally, a DCRF may be filed during a pending rate case proceeding as long as that DCRF request is not filed until the 185th day after the rate case proceeding was initiated. The following sets forth TNMP’s recent interim distribution rate increases:

Effective Date |  | Approved Increase in Rate Base |  | Annual Increase in Revenue
|  | (In millions)
September 1, 2022 |  | $ | 95.7 |  |  | $ | 6.8 |
September 1, 2023 |  | 157.0 |  |  | 14.5 |
July 28, 2024 |  | 205.9 |  |  | 15.6 |
November 17, 2024 |  | 43.7 |  |  | 7.7 |

3G Meters Notice of Violation
In 2020, the PUCT established the COVID-19 Electricity Relief Program for electric utilities, REPs, and customers impacted by COVID-19. The program allowed providers to implement a rider to collect unpaid residential retail customer bills and to establish a regulatory asset for costs related to COVID-19. These costs included but were not limited to costs related to unpaid accounts.
In December 2023, TNMP and the PUCT reached a settlement agreement related to a notice of violation against TNMP primarily for estimating 3G meters during the period that TNMP was remediating the meters. TNMP maintained that the remediation efforts were impacted by supply chain and labor availability issues resulting from COVID-19. Pursuant to the settlement agreement, TNMP agreed to no longer pursue the recovery of COVID-19 related costs that were recorded as a regulatory asset. This resulted in a regulatory disallowance of $1.2 million recorded for the year ended December 31, 2023.
Hurricane Beryl
On July 8, 2024, Hurricane Beryl made landfall in the Texas Gulf Coast leaving approximately 116,000 customers in the TNMP service area without power. As of December 31, 2024, TNMP incurred $53.1 million of costs, of which $32.1 million has been recorded in Utility Plant and $21.0 million has been recorded as a regulatory asset. TNMP will continue to track storm-related restoration costs to seek collection of such costs in a future regulatory proceeding.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
System Resiliency Plan (“SRP”)
In 2023, the Texas Legislature enacted House Bill No, 2555 (“HB 2555”), permitting an electric utility to seek approval of, and cost recovery for, a system resiliency plan. On August 28, 2024, TNMP filed its first SRP with the PUCT designed to benefit customers through enhanced resiliency of its distribution system, as intended under HB 2555. The SRP includes approximately $600 million of capital investments and approximately $151 million of other related costs over three years and was developed using a comprehensive and data-driven approach which evaluated various types of resiliency events posing material risk to the safe and reliable operation of TNMP's distribution system. TNMP's service territory includes non-contiguous areas across different regions of Texas, ranging from small communities and rural areas to communities around large metropolitan areas, each with unique risks. Investments in the SRP are prioritized based on customer benefit, physical protection of infrastructure, foundational investments in operational and cybersecurity technologies, and wildfire risk reduction and are focused on lower-performing areas in the context of reliability. Eight different resiliency measures are outlined in the SRP with associated programs and infrastructure impacts to improve the system's ability to prevent, withstand, mitigate and/or more promptly recover from resiliency events: distribution system resiliency, distribution system protection modernization, vegetation management, wildfire mitigation, flood mitigation, enhanced operations system technology, cybersecurity, and physical security resiliency. The SRP is subject to PUCT approval over 180 days as stated in Texas legislation. Recovery of investments and costs are permissible primarily through semi-annual DCRF filings, with deferral of depreciation and other certain expenses until recovery begins.
On December 11, 2024, TNMP filed an unopposed settlement with the PUCT. The settlement includes $565.8 million of capital investments over 2025 through 2027, reflecting 94% of TNMP’s proposed plan investments. The settlement also encompasses $128.2 million of operations and maintenance expenses associated with several programs, including vegetation management and wildfire mitigation.
(18)Income Taxes
Federal Income Tax Reform
In 2017, comprehensive changes in U.S. federal income taxes were enacted through legislation commonly known as the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act (the “Tax Act”). The Tax Act made many significant modifications to the tax laws, including reducing the federal corporate income tax rate from 35% to 21% effective January 1, 2018. The Tax Act also eliminated federal bonus depreciation for utilities, limited interest deductibility for non-utility businesses and limited the deductibility of officer compensation. During 2020, the IRS issued final regulations related to certain officer compensation and, in January 2021, issued final regulations on interest deductibility that provide a 10% “de minimis” exception that allows entities with predominantly regulated activities to fully deduct interest expenses.
As a result of the change in the federal income tax rate, the Company re-measured and adjusted its deferred tax assets and liabilities as of December 31, 2017. The portion of that adjustment not related to PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated activities was recorded as a reduction in net deferred tax assets and an increase in income tax expense. The portion related to PNM’s and TNMP’s regulated activities was recorded as a reduction in net deferred tax liabilities and an increase in regulatory liabilities.
Beginning February 2018, PNM’s NM 2016 Rate Case reflected the reduction in the federal and state corporate income tax rates, including amortization of excess deferred federal and state income taxes. In accordance with the order in that case and amortization requirements of the tax laws, PNM is returning the protected portion of excess deferred federal income taxes to customers over the average remaining life of plant in service as of December 31, 2017. The remaining balance of the unprotected portion of excess deferred federal income taxes, which was being returned to customers over a period of approximately twenty-three years, will be returned over a five-year period when new rates go into effect from the 2024 Rate Change. Excess deferred state income taxes were returned to customers over a three-year period, which concluded in the first quarter of 2021. The approved settlement in the TNMP 2018 Rate Case includes a reduction in customer rates to reflect the impacts of the Tax Act beginning on January 1, 2019. TXNM, PNM, and TNMP amortized federal excess deferred income taxes of $23.4 million, $20.8 million, and $2.6 million in 2024.
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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
TXNM
TXNM’s income taxes (benefits) consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Current state income tax (benefit) | (1,984) |  |  | (2,841) |  |  | 1,597 |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | 13,042 |  |  | (11,503) |  |  | 18,413 |
Deferred state income tax (benefit) | 10,630 |  |  | (825) |  |  | 7,302 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (170) |  |  | (1,181) |  |  | (1,182) |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | 21,518 |  |  | $ | (16,350) |  |  | $ | 26,130 |

TXNM’s provision for income taxes (benefits) differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the years shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 58,850 |  |  | $ | 19,011 |  |  | $ | 44,375 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (170) |  |  | (1,181) |  |  | (1,182) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (23,362) |  |  | (22,859) |  |  | (23,599) |
Flow-through of depreciation items | 1,003 |  |  | 1,281 |  |  | 2,795 |
(Earnings) attributable to non-controlling interest in Valencia | (3,368) |  |  | (3,892) |  |  | (3,176) |
State income tax (benefit), net of federal (benefit) | 6,284 |  |  | (2,239) |  |  | 6,826 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (3,756) |  |  | (3,145) |  |  | (2,898) |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (17) |  |  | (261) |  |  | 91 |
Non-deductible compensation | 1,332 |  |  | 1,659 |  |  | 1,125 |
Non-deductible merger related costs | — |  |  | (1,959) |  |  | 74 |
Sale of NMRD | (15,822) |  |  | — |  |  | — |
R&D credit | (1,500) |  |  | (2,050) |  |  | (1,320) |
Other | 2,044 |  |  | (715) |  |  | 3,019 |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | 21,518 |  |  | $ | (16,350) |  |  | $ | 26,130 |

Effective tax rate | 7.68 | % |  | (18.06) | % |  | 12.37 | %

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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The components of TXNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss | $ | 31,592 |  |  | $ | 16,833 |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | 82,702 |  |  | 90,461 |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | 126,770 |  |  | 124,510 |
Regulatory disallowances | 42,330 |  |  | 42,330 |
Regulatory liability SJGS retirement credits | 40 |  |  | 28,797 |
Other | 52,955 |  |  | 35,492 |
Total deferred tax assets | 336,389 |  |  | 338,423 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (794,203) |  |  | (738,078) |
Investment tax credit | (81,068) |  |  | (95,046) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (84,053) |  |  | (80,643) |
Pension | (41,383) |  |  | (41,141) |
Regulatory asset for shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 | (20,860) |  |  | (22,454) |
Regulatory asset SJGS energy transition property | (85,365) |  |  | (86,521) |
Regulatory asset PVNGS investment | (21,044) |  |  | (20,503) |
PVNGS trusts | (48,421) |  |  | (41,767) |
Other | (59,384) |  |  | (57,550) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (1,235,781) |  |  | (1,183,703) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (899,392) |  |  | $ | (845,280) |

The following table reconciles the change in TXNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax (benefit) included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2024
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 54,112 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (11,629) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (23,362) |
Tax effect of mark-to-market adjustments | 4,802 |
Tax effect of excess pension liability | (421) |
Adjustment for uncertain income tax positions | (135) |
Reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits | 135 |
Other | — |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | $ | 23,502 |

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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
PNM
PNM’s income taxes (benefits) consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax (benefit) | $ | (7,005) |  |  | $ | 9,518 |  |  | $ | (13,533) |
Current state income tax (benefit) | (5,681) |  |  | (4,304) |  |  | 3,244 |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | 28,183 |  |  | (22,951) |  |  | 25,298 |
Deferred state income tax | 13,890 |  |  | 1,150 |  |  | 4,361 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (170) |  |  | (171) |  |  | (172) |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | 29,217 |  |  | $ | (16,758) |  |  | $ | 19,198 |

PNM’s provision for income taxes (benefits) differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the years shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 49,868 |  |  | $ | 7,972 |  |  | $ | 29,026 |
Amortization of accumulated investment tax credits | (170) |  |  | (171) |  |  | (172) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (20,750) |  |  | (14,252) |  |  | (14,421) |
Flow-through of depreciation items | 796 |  |  | 1,114 |  |  | 2,641 |
(Earnings) attributable to non-controlling interest in Valencia | (3,368) |  |  | (3,892) |  |  | (3,176) |
State income tax (benefit), net of federal (benefit) | 6,594 |  |  | (2,216) |  |  | 5,694 |
Allowance for equity funds used during construction | (2,739) |  |  | (2,065) |  |  | (1,958) |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (10) |  |  | (185) |  |  | 65 |
Non-deductible compensation | 822 |  |  | 1,015 |  |  | 701 |
Non-deductible merger costs | — |  |  | (33) |  |  | 10 |
R&D credit | (1,450) |  |  | (2,000) |  |  | (1,300) |
Other | (376) |  |  | (2,045) |  |  | 2,088 |
Total income taxes (benefits) | $ | 29,217 |  |  | $ | (16,758) |  |  | $ | 19,198 |

Effective tax rate | 12.30 | % |  | (44.15) | % |  | 13.89 | %

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PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
The components of PNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Net operating loss | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | 64,481 |  |  | 71,546 |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | 93,481 |  |  | 80,586 |
Regulatory disallowance | 42,330 |  |  | 42,330 |
Regulatory liability SJGS retirement credits | 40 |  |  | 28,797 |
Other | 35,650 |  |  | 35,993 |
Total deferred tax assets | 235,982 |  |  | 259,252 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (582,089) |  |  | (545,815) |
Investment tax credit | (81,068) |  |  | (73,844) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (75,464) |  |  | (71,742) |
Pension | (36,678) |  |  | (36,483) |
Regulatory asset for shutdown of SJGS Units 2 and 3 | (20,860) |  |  | (22,454) |
Regulatory asset SJGS energy transition property | (85,365) |  |  | (86,521) |
Regulatory asset PVNGS investment | (21,044) |  |  | (20,503) |
PVNGS Trusts | (48,421) |  |  | (41,767) |
Other | (41,211) |  |  | (44,160) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (992,200) |  |  | (943,289) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (756,218) |  |  | $ | (684,037) |

The following table reconciles the change in PNM’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax (benefit) included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2024
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 72,181 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (11,246) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (20,750) |
Tax effect of mark-to-market adjustments | 3,554 |
Tax effect of excess pension liability | (421) |
Adjustment for uncertain income tax positions | (161) |
Reclassification of unrecognized tax benefits | (1,254) |
Deferred income tax (benefit) | $ | 41,903 |

TNMP
TNMP’s income taxes consist of the following components:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Current federal income tax | $ | (2,549) |  |  | $ | 11,354 |  |  | $ | 17,055 |
Current state income tax | 3,300 |  |  | 3,055 |  |  | 2,662 |
Deferred federal income tax (benefit) | 26,363 |  |  | 2,917 |  |  | (4,527) |
Deferred state income tax (benefit) | — |  |  | (29) |  |  | (29) |
Total income taxes | $ | 27,114 |  |  | $ | 17,297 |  |  | $ | 15,161 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
TNMP’s provision for income taxes differed from the federal income tax computed at the statutory rate for each of the periods shown. The differences are attributable to the following factors:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Federal income tax at statutory rates | $ | 27,435 |  |  | $ | 23,569 |  |  | $ | 22,560 |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (2,612) |  |  | (8,607) |  |  | (9,177) |
State income tax, net of federal (benefit) | 2,606 |  |  | 2,414 |  |  | 2,103 |
Allocation of tax (benefit) related to stock compensation awards | (4) |  |  | (77) |  |  | 26 |
Non-deductible compensation | 509 |  |  | 642 |  |  | 422 |
Transaction costs | — |  |  | 3 |  |  | 1 |
Other | (820) |  |  | (647) |  |  | (774) |
Total income taxes | $ | 27,114 |  |  | $ | 17,297 |  |  | $ | 15,161 |

Effective tax rate | 20.75 | % |  | 15.41 | % |  | 14.11 | %

The components of TNMP’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability were:

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Deferred tax assets: |  |  |
Regulatory liabilities related to income taxes | $ | 18,221 |  |  | $ | 18,915 |
Other | 4,522 |  |  | 5,534 |
Total deferred tax assets | 22,743 |  |  | 24,449 |
Deferred tax liabilities: |  |  |
Depreciation and plant related | (200,709) |  |  | (179,483) |
Regulatory assets related to income taxes | (8,589) |  |  | (8,901) |
Loss on reacquired debt | (4,981) |  |  | (5,254) |
Pension | (4,706) |  |  | (4,659) |
AMS | (2,709) |  |  | (2,613) |
Other | (9,156) |  |  | (2,287) |
Total deferred tax liabilities | (230,850) |  |  | (203,197) |
Net accumulated deferred income tax liabilities | $ | (208,107) |  |  | $ | (178,748) |

The following table reconciles the change in TNMP’s net accumulated deferred income tax liability to the deferred income tax included in the Consolidated Statement of Earnings:

| Year Ended
| December 31, 2024
| (In thousands)
Net change in deferred income tax liability per above table | $ | 29,359 |
Change in tax effects of income tax related regulatory assets and liabilities | (383) |
Amortization of excess deferred income tax | (2,612) |
Other | (1) |
Deferred income tax | $ | 26,363 |

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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Other Disclosures
The Company is required to recognize only the impact of tax positions that, based on their technical merits, are more likely than not to be sustained upon an audit by the taxing authority. A reconciliation of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
Balance at December 31, 2021 | $ | 13,714 |  |  | $ | 10,771 |  |  | $ | 141 |
Additions based on tax positions related to 2021 | 1,444 |  |  | 1,437 |  |  | 7 |
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of prior years | (4) |  |  | (7) |  |  | 3 |
Balance at December 31, 2022 | 15,154 |  |  | 12,201 |  |  | 151 |
Additions based on tax positions related to 2022 | (277) |  |  | (294) |  |  | 17 |
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of prior years | 259 |  |  | 239 |  |  | 20 |
Balance at December 31, 2023 | 15,136 |  |  | 12,146 |  |  | 188 |
Additions (reductions) based on tax positions related to 2023 | 19 |  |  | 2 |  |  | 17 |
Additions for tax positions of prior years | (154) |  |  | (163) |  |  | 9 |
Balance at December 31, 2024 | $ | 15,001 |  |  | $ | 11,985 |  |  | $ | 214 |

Included in the balance of unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2024 are $14.9 million, $11.9 million, and $0.2 million that, if recognized, would affect the effective tax rate for TXNM, PNM, and TNMP. The Company does not anticipate that any unrecognized tax expenses or unrecognized tax benefits will be reduced or settled in 2025.
TXNM, PNM, and TNMP had no estimated interest income or expense related to income taxes for the years ended December 31, 2024, 2023, and 2022. There was no accumulated accrued interest receivable or payable related to income taxes as of December 31, 2024 and 2023.
The Company files a federal consolidated and several consolidated and separate state income tax returns. The tax years prior to 2021 are closed to examination by either federal or state taxing authorities other than Arizona. The tax years prior to 2020 are closed to examination by Arizona taxing authorities. Other tax years are open to examination by federal and state taxing authorities and net operating loss carryforwards are open to examination for the years in which the carryforwards are utilized. At December 31, 2024, the Company has $186.2 million of federal net operating loss carryforwards that expire beginning in 2036 and $129.0 million of federal tax credit carryforwards that expire beginning in 2025. State net operating losses expire beginning in 2037 and vary from federal due to differences between state and federal tax law.
In 2008, fifty percent bonus tax depreciation was enacted as a temporary two-year stimulus measure as part of the Economic Stimulus Act of 2008. Bonus tax depreciation in various forms has been extended since that time, including by the Protecting Americans from Tax Hikes Act of 2015. The 2015 act extended and phased-out bonus tax depreciation through 2019. As discussed above, the Tax Act eliminated bonus depreciation for utilities effective September 28, 2017. However, in 2020 the IRS issued regulations interpreting Tax Act amendments to depreciation provisions of the IRC which allowed the Company to claim a bonus depreciation deduction on certain construction projects placed in service after the third quarter of 2017. As a result of the net operating loss carryforwards for income tax purposes created by bonus depreciation, certain tax carryforwards were not expected to be utilized before their expiration. In addition, as a result of Tax Act changes to the deductibility of officer compensation, certain deferred tax benefits related to compensation are not expected to be realized. The Company has impaired the deferred tax assets for tax carryforwards which are not expected to be utilized and for compensation that is not expected to be deductible.
The Company earns investment tax credits for construction or purchase of eligible property. The Company uses the deferral method of accounting for these investment tax credits.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
Impairments of tax attributes after reflecting the expiration of carryforwards under applicable tax laws, net of federal tax benefit, for 2022 through 2024 are as follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 131 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | (516) |  |  | $ | (335) |  |  | $ | (179) |
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 839 |  |  | $ | (427) |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 387 |  |  | $ | 246 |  |  | $ | 140 |
December 31, 2022: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 187 |  |  | $ | 427 |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 199 |  |  | $ | 140 |  |  | $ | 59 |

The tax effect of compensation that is not expected to be deductible and impairments of unexpired tax credits are reflected as a valuation allowance against deferred tax assets. The reserve balances, after reflecting expiration of carryforwards under applicable tax laws, at December 31, 2024 and 2023 are as follows:

| TXNM |  | PNM |  | TNMP
| (In thousands)
December 31, 2024: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 2,186 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 596 |  |  | $ | 394 |  |  | $ | 202 |
December 31, 2023: |  |  |  |  |
Federal tax credit carryforwards | $ | 2,055 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Compensation expense | $ | 1,112 |  |  | $ | 729 |  |  | $ | 381 |

(19) Goodwill
The excess purchase price over the fair value of the assets acquired and the liabilities assumed by TXNM for its 2005 acquisition of TNP was recorded as goodwill and was pushed down to the businesses acquired. In 2007, the TNMP assets that were included in its New Mexico operations, including goodwill, were transferred to PNM. TXNM’s reporting units that currently have goodwill are PNM and TNMP.
The Company evaluates its goodwill for impairment annually at the reporting unit level or more frequently if circumstances indicate that the goodwill may be impaired. Application of the impairment test requires judgment, including the identification of reporting units, assignment of assets and liabilities to reporting units, and determination of the fair value of each reporting unit.
In certain circumstances an entity may perform a qualitative analysis to conclude that the goodwill of a reporting unit is not impaired. Under a qualitative assessment an entity considers macroeconomic conditions, industry and market considerations, cost factors, overall financial performance, other relevant entity-specific events affecting a reporting unit, as well as whether a sustained decrease (both absolute and relative to its peers) in share price has occurred. An entity considers the extent to which each of the adverse events and circumstances identified could affect the comparison of a reporting unit’s fair value with its carrying amount. An entity places more weight on the events and circumstances that most affect a reporting unit’s fair value or the carrying amount of its net assets. An entity also considers positive and mitigating events and circumstances that may affect its determination of whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. An entity evaluates, on the basis of the weight of evidence, the significance of all identified events and circumstances in the context of determining whether it is more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount. A quantitative analysis is not required if, after assessing events and circumstances, an entity determines that it is not more likely than not that the fair value of a reporting unit is less than its carrying amount.
In other circumstances, an entity may perform a quantitative analysis to reach the conclusion regarding impairment with respect to a reporting unit. An entity may choose to perform a quantitative analysis without performing a qualitative analysis
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
and may perform a qualitative analysis for certain reporting units, but a quantitative analysis for others. The first step of the quantitative impairment test requires an entity to compare the fair value of the reporting unit with its carrying value, including goodwill. If as a result of this analysis, the entity concludes there is an indication of impairment in a reporting unit having goodwill, the entity is required to perform the second step of the impairment analysis, determining the amount of goodwill impairment to be recorded. The amount is calculated by comparing the implied fair value of the goodwill to its carrying amount. This exercise would require the entity to allocate the fair value determined in step one to the individual assets and liabilities of the reporting unit. Any remaining fair value would be the implied fair value of goodwill on the testing date. To the extent the recorded amount of goodwill of a reporting unit exceeds the implied fair value determined in step two, an impairment loss would be reflected in results of operations.
TXNM periodically updates its quantitative analysis for both PNM and TNMP. The use of a quantitative approach in a given period is not necessarily an indication that a potential impairment has been identified under a qualitative approach. When TXNM performs a quantitative analysis for PNM or TNMP, a discounted cash flow methodology is primarily used to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. This analysis requires significant judgments, including estimations of future cash flows, which is dependent on internal forecasts, estimations of long-term growth rates for the business, and determination of appropriate weighted average cost of capital for the reporting unit. Changes in these estimates and assumptions could materially affect the determination of fair value and the conclusion of impairment.
When TXNM performs a qualitative or quantitative analysis for PNM or TNMP, TXNM considers market and macroeconomic factors including changes in growth rates, changes in the WACC, and changes in discount rates. TXNM also evaluates its stock price relative to historical performance, industry peers, and to major market indices, including an evaluation of TXNM’s market capitalization relative to the carrying value of its reporting units.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2022, TXNM performed a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. In addition to the typical considerations discussed above, the qualitative analysis considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2018 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses through April 1, 2021 performed for PNM, as well as the April 1, 2020 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses performed for TNMP. This analysis considered Company specific events such as the Merger, potential impacts of legal and regulatory matters discussed in Notes 16 and 17, including potential outcomes in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change, PNM’s San Juan Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, PNM’s PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application and other potential impacts of changes in PNM’s resource needs based on PNM’s 2020 IRP. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2022 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2023, TXNM performed a qualitative analysis for both the PNM and TNMP reporting units. In addition to the typical considerations discussed above, the qualitative analysis considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2018 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses through April 1, 2022 performed for PNM, as well as the April 1, 2021 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses performed for TNMP. This analysis considered Company specific events such as the Merger, potential impacts of legal and regulatory matters discussed in Notes 16 and 17, including potential outcomes in PNM’s 2024 Rate Change, PNM’s San Juan Abandonment Application, PNM’s Four Corners Abandonment Application, PNM’s PVNGS Leased Interest Abandonment Application and other potential impacts of changes in PNM’s resource needs based on PNM’s 2020 IRP. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2023 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value.
For its annual evaluations performed as of April 1, 2024, TXNM performed a quantitative analysis for the PNM reporting unit and a qualitative analysis for the TNMP reporting unit. The quantitative analysis, discussed above, indicated that the fair value of the PNM reporting unit, which has goodwill of $51.6 million, exceeded its carrying value by approximately 54%. The qualitative analysis, in addition to the typical considerations discussed above, considered changes in the Company’s expectations of future financial performance since the April 1, 2020 quantitative analysis and the previous qualitative analyses through April 1, 2023 performed for TNMP. This analysis considered events specific to TNMP such as the potential impacts of legal and regulatory matters discussed in Note 16 and Note 17. Based on an evaluation of these and other factors, the Company determined it was not more likely than not that the April 1, 2024 carrying values of PNM and TNMP exceeded their fair value. Since the April 1, 2024 annual evaluation, there have been no events or indications that the fair values of the reporting units with recorded goodwill have decreased below their carrying values.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
(20)Related Party Transactions
TXNM, PNM, TNMP, and NMRD are considered related parties, as is PNMR Services Company, a wholly-owned subsidiary of TXNM that provides corporate services to TXNM and its subsidiaries in accordance with shared services agreements. These services are billed at cost on a monthly basis to the business units. In addition, PNM purchases renewable energy from certain NMRD-owned facilities at a fixed price per MWh of energy produced. On February 27, 2024, PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners sold their respective interests in NMRD, and the table below reflects transactions with NMRD prior to the sale.
TXNM files a consolidated federal income tax return with its affiliated companies. A tax allocation agreement exists between TXNM and each of its affiliated companies. These agreements provide that the subsidiary company will compute its taxable income on a stand-alone basis. If the result is a net tax liability, such amount shall be paid to TXNM. If there are net operating losses and/or tax credits, the subsidiary shall receive payment for the tax savings from TXNM to the extent that TXNM is able to utilize those benefits.
See Note 7 for information on intercompany borrowing arrangements. The table below summarizes the nature and amount of related party transactions of TXNM, PNM and TNMP:

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
|  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Services billings: |  |  |  |  |
TXNM to PNM | $ | 132,209 |  |  | $ | 124,321 |  |  | $ | 115,415 |
TXNM to TNMP | 53,166 |  |  | 47,470 |  |  | 42,293 |
PNM to TNMP | 440 |  |  | 349 |  |  | 411 |
TNMP to TXNM | 114 |  |  | 141 |  |  | 141 |
TNMP to PNM | 497 |  |  | — |  |  | — |
TXNM to NMRD | 66 |  |  | 333 |  |  | 308 |
Renewable energy purchases: |  |  |  |  |
PNM from NMRD | 1,523 |  |  | 12,717 |  |  | 11,795 |
Interest billings: |  |  |  |  |
TXNM to PNM | 142 |  |  | 23 |  |  | 13 |
PNM to TXNM | 612 |  |  | 582 |  |  | 249 |
TXNM to TNMP | 210 |  |  | 129 |  |  | 166 |
Income tax sharing payments: |  |  |  |  |
TXNM to PNM | 2,351 |  |  | 5,338 |  |  | — |
PNM to TXNM | — |  |  | — |  |  | 11,602 |
TNMP to TXNM | 10,312 |  |  | 15,749 |  |  | 8,341 |

(21) Equity Method Investment
In September 2017, PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners created NMRD to pursue the acquisition, development, and ownership of renewable energy generation projects, primarily in the state of New Mexico. PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners each had a 50% ownership interest in NMRD.
On December 22, 2023, PNMR Development and AEP Onsite reached agreement with Exus New Mexico, LLC, a subsidiary of Exus North America Holdings, LLC, for the sale of NMRD and its subsidiaries, pursuant to a Membership Interest Purchase Agreement, dated December 22, 2023 (“MIPA”). Closing occurred on February 27, 2024, with PNMR Development receiving net proceeds of $117.0 million and recognized an after-tax gain of $4.4 million, which includes the recognition of deferred investment tax credits of $15.7 million.
TXNM accounted for its investment in NMRD using the equity method of accounting because TXNM’s ownership interest results in significant influence, but not control, over NMRD and its operations. TXNM recorded as income its percentage share of earnings or loss of NMRD and carried its investment at cost, adjusted for its share of undistributed earnings or losses.
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TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
December 31, 2024, 2023 and 2022
During 2024, 2023 and 2022 PNMR Development and AEP OnSite Partners each made cash contributions of $12.6 million, $26.3 million and zero to NMRD.
TXNM presented its share of net earnings from NMRD in other income on the Consolidated Statements of Earnings. Summarized financial information for NMRD is as follows:

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Operating revenues | $ | 3,204 |  |  | $ | 13,629 |  |  | $ | 12,505 |
Operating expenses | 3,378 |  |  | 8,228 |  |  | 9,591 |
Net earnings | $ | (174) |  |  | $ | 5,401 |  |  | $ | 2,914 |

| Financial Position
| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Current assets | $ | — |  |  | $ | 2,589 |
Net property, plant, and equipment | — |  |  | 235,791 |
Non-current assets | — |  |  | 1,849 |
Total assets | — |  |  | 240,229 |
Current liabilities | — |  |  | 730 |
Non-current liabilities | — |  |  | 358 |
Owners’ equity | $ | — |  |  | $ | 239,141 |

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SCHEDULE I
TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

| Year ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Operating Revenues | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
Operating Expenses | 9,406 |  |  | 4,972 |  |  | 6,199 |
Operating (loss) | (9,406) |  |  | (4,972) |  |  | (6,199) |
Other Income and Deductions: |  |  |  |  |
Equity in earnings of subsidiaries | 299,867 |  |  | 133,628 |  |  | 197,860 |
Other income | 1,427 |  |  | 2,245 |  |  | 663 |
Net other income and (deductions) | 301,294 |  |  | 135,873 |  |  | 198,523 |
Interest Charges | 64,916 |  |  | 58,934 |  |  | 30,430 |
Earnings Before Income Taxes | 226,972 |  |  | 71,967 |  |  | 161,894 |
Income Tax (Benefit) | (15,182) |  |  | (15,851) |  |  | (7,636) |
Net Earnings | $ | 242,154 |  |  | $ | 87,818 |  |  | $ | 169,530 |

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SCHEDULE I
TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

| Year Ended December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2022
| (In thousands)
Cash Flows From Operating Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Net Cash Flows From Operating Activities | $ | (36,927) |  |  | $ | (31,368) |  |  | $ | (10,261) |
Cash Flows From Investing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Additions to non-utility plant | 839 |  |  | 1,138 |  |  | 1,136 |
Investments in subsidiaries | (112,000) |  |  | (85,500) |  |  | (70,200) |
Cash dividends from subsidiaries | 153,000 |  |  | — |  |  | 153,500 |
Net cash flows from investing activities | 41,839 |  |  | (84,362) |  |  | 84,436 |
Cash Flows From Financing Activities: |  |  |  |  |
Short-term borrowings (repayments) -affiliate, net | 21,100 |  |  | (5,300) |  |  | (700) |
Revolving credit facility borrowings | 822,000 |  |  | 837,000 |  |  | 640,400 |
Revolving credit facility repayments | (797,400) |  |  | (777,100) |  |  | (685,900) |
Long-term borrowings | 550,000 |  |  | 500,000 |  |  | 100,000 |
Repayment of long-term debt | (539,000) |  |  | (500,000) |  |  | — |
Issuance of common stock | 98,601 |  |  | 198,177 |  |  | — |
Awards of common stock | (8,460) |  |  | (9,646) |  |  | (7,980) |
Dividends paid | (139,811) |  |  | (126,177) |  |  | (119,311) |
Other, net | (11,945) |  |  | (1,221) |  |  | (686) |
Net cash flows from financing activities | (4,915) |  |  | 115,733 |  |  | (74,177) |
Change in Cash and Cash Equivalents | (3) |  |  | 3 |  |  | (2) |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at Beginning of Period | 64 |  |  | 61 |  |  | 63 |
Cash and Cash Equivalents at End of Period | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 64 |  |  | $ | 61 |
Supplemental Cash Flow Disclosures: |  |  |  |  |
Interest paid, net of amounts capitalized | $ | 71,917 |  |  | $ | 47,122 |  |  | $ | 29,904 |
Income taxes paid (refunded), net | $ | (1,707) |  |  | $ | 350 |  |  | $ | (2,500) |

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SCHEDULE I
TXNM ENERGY, INC.
CONDENSED FINANCIAL INFORMATION OF PARENT COMPANY
BALANCE SHEETS

| December 31,
| 2024 |  | 2023
| (In thousands)
Assets |  |  |
Cash and cash equivalents | $ | 61 |  |  | $ | 64 |
Intercompany receivables | — |  |  | 55,575 |
Derivative instruments | — |  |  | 7,172 |
Income taxes receivable | 15,326 |  |  | 8,266 |
Other current assets | 15 |  |  | 133 |
Total current assets | 15,402 |  |  | 71,210 |
Property, plant and equipment, net of accumulated depreciation of $19,650 and $18,810 | 19,536 |  |  | 20,374 |
Investment in subsidiaries | 3,625,611 |  |  | 3,345,400 |
Other long-term assets | 48,312 |  |  | 44,628 |
Total long-term assets | 3,693,459 |  |  | 3,410,402 |
| $ | 3,708,861 |  |  | $ | 3,481,612 |
Liabilities and Stockholders’ Equity |  |  |
Short-term debt | 93,900 |  |  | 69,300 |
Short-term debt-affiliate | 30,319 |  |  | 9,219 |
Current installments of long-term debt | 50,967 |  |  | — |
Intercompany payables | 1,999 |  |  | — |
Accrued interest and taxes | 6,428 |  |  | 14,650 |
Dividends declared | 36,757 |  |  | 34,953 |
Other current liabilities | 571 |  |  | 184 |
Total current liabilities | 220,941 |  |  | 128,306 |
Long-term debt, net of Unamortized Premiums, Discounts, and Debt Issuance Costs | 948,731 |  |  | 999,151 |
Other long-term liabilities | 2,803 |  |  | 5,062 |
Total liabilities | 1,172,475 |  |  | 1,132,519 |
Common stock (no par value; 200,000,000 and $120,000,000 shares authorized; issued and outstanding 92,659,335 and 90,200,384 shares) | 1,724,444 |  |  | 1,624,823 |
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss), net of income taxes | (75,708) |  |  | (62,840) |
Retained earnings | 887,650 |  |  | 787,110 |
Total common stockholders’ equity | 2,536,386 |  |  | 2,349,093 |
| $ | 3,708,861 |  |  | $ | 3,481,612 |

See Notes 7, 8, 11, and 16 for information regarding commitments, contingencies, and maturities of long-term debt.
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SCHEDULE II
TXNM ENERGY, INC. AND SUBSIDIARIES
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
| Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
| Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | $ | 7,265 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,098 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |
| 2023 |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 3,585 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,122 |  |  | $ | 3,388 |
| 2024 |  | $ | 3,388 |  |  | $ | 4,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,174 |  |  | $ | 1,398 |

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SCHEDULE II
PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
| Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
| Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
| 2022 |  | $ | 7,265 |  |  | $ | 3,758 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,098 |  |  | $ | 4,925 |
| 2023 |  | $ | 4,925 |  |  | $ | 3,549 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 5,086 |  |  | $ | 3,388 |
| 2024 |  | $ | 3,388 |  |  | $ | 4,184 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 6,174 |  |  | $ | 1,398 |

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SCHEDULE II
TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY AND SUBSIDIARIES
A WHOLLY-OWNED SUBSIDIARY OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS

|  |  |  | Additions |  | Deductions |  |
Description |  | Balance at beginning of year |  | Charged to costs and expenses |  | Charged to other accounts |  | Write-offs and other |  | Balance at end of year
|  |  |  | (In thousands) |  |
Allowance for credit losses, year ended December 31: |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |  |
2022 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |
2023 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | 36 |  |  | $ | — |
2024 |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |  |  | $ | — |

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ITEM 9.CHANGES IN AND DISAGREEMENTS WITH ACCOUNTANTS ON ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE
None.
ITEM 9A.CONTROLS AND PROCEDURES
TXNM
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, TXNM conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-2. This report is incorporated by reference herein. TXNM’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2024 has been audited by KPMG LLP, as an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report which is included herein.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in TXNM’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TXNM’s internal control over financial reporting.
PNM
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, PNM conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-3. This report is incorporated by reference herein.
(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in PNM’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, PNM’s internal control over financial reporting.
TNMP
(a) Evaluation of disclosure controls and procedures.
As of the end of the period covered by this annual report, TNMP conducted an evaluation under the supervision and with the participation of its management, including the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer, of the effectiveness of the design and operation of the disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934). Based upon this evaluation, the Chief Executive Officer and the Chief Financial Officer concluded that the disclosure controls and procedures are effective as of the end of the period covered by this report.
(b) Management’s report on internal control over financial reporting.
“Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting” appears on page B-4. This report is incorporated by reference herein.
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(c) Changes in internal controls.
There have been no changes in TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting (as such term is defined in Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934) during the quarter ended December 31, 2024 that have materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, TNMP’s internal control over financial reporting.
ITEM 9B.OTHER INFORMATION
None.
ITEM 9C.DISCLOSURE REGARDING FOREIGN JURISDICTIONS THAT PREVENT INSPECTIONS
Not applicable.
PART III
ITEM 10.DIRECTORS, EXECUTIVE OFFICERS, AND CORPORATE GOVERNANCE
Reference is hereby made to “Proposal 1: Elect as Directors the Director Nominees Named in the Proxy Statement” in TXNM’s Proxy Statement relating to the annual meeting of shareholders to be held on May 13, 2025 (the “2025 Proxy Statement”), a copy of which will be filed with the SEC no later than 120 days after December 31, 2024, to PART I, SUPPLEMENTAL ITEM – “INFORMATION ABOUT EXECUTIVE OFFICERS OF TXNM ENERGY, INC.” in this Form 10-K, “Information About Our Corporate Governance – Code of Ethics,” and “Additional Information About Our Board and Board Committees – Board Committees and their Functions” – “Nominating and Governance Committee” in the 2025 Proxy Statement. The Company intends to satisfy the disclosure requirements of Form 8-K relating to amendments to the Company’s code of ethics applicable to its senior executive and financial officers by posting such information on its website. Information about the Company’s website is included under PART I, ITEM 1 – “WEBSITES” in this Form 10-K.
We have adopted an Insider Trading Policy governing the purchase, sale and other dispositions of our securities by directors, officers and employees that is reasonably designed to promote compliance with insider trading laws, rules and regulations and any applicable listing standards, In addition, with regard to the Company’s trading in its own securities it is the Company’s policy to comply with the federal securities laws and the applicable exchange listing requirements. A copy of our Insider Trading Policy is filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K as Exhibit 19.1.
ITEM 11.EXECUTIVE COMPENSATION
Reference is hereby made to “Director Compensation” and “Executive Compensation”, and all subheadings thereunder from “Compensation Discussion and Analysis” to “Pay Versus Performance” in the 2025 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 12.SECURITY OWNERSHIP OF CERTAIN BENEFICIAL OWNERS AND MANAGEMENT AND RELATED STOCKHOLDER MATTERS
Reference is hereby made to “Ownership of Our Common Stock – Largest Shareholders” and “– Stock Ownership of Directors and Executive Officers” and “Equity Compensation Plan Information” in the 2025 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 13.CERTAIN RELATIONSHIPS AND RELATED TRANSACTIONS AND DIRECTOR INDEPENDENCE
Reference is hereby made to “Information About Our Corporate Governance – Director Independence” and “– Related Person Transaction Policy” in the 2025 Proxy Statement.
ITEM 14.PRINCIPAL ACCOUNTING FEES AND SERVICES
Reference is hereby made to “Audit and Ethics Committee Report” and “Independent Auditor Fees” in the 2025 Proxy Statement. Independent auditor fees for PNM and TNMP are reported in the 2025 Proxy Statement for TXNM. All such fees are fees of TXNM. TXNM charges a management fee to PNM and TNMP that includes an allocation of independent auditor fees.
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PART IV
ITEM 15. EXHIBITS AND FINANCIAL STATEMENT SCHEDULES

(a) - 1. | See Index to Financial Statements under Part II, Item 8.
(a) - 2. | Financial Statement Schedules for the years 2024, 2023, and 2022 are omitted for the reason that they are not required, or the information is otherwise supplied under Part II, Item 8.
(a) - 3. | Exhibits: |

The documents listed below are being filed herewith or have been previously filed on behalf of TXNM, PNM or TNMP and are incorporated by reference to the filings set forth below pursuant to Exchange Act Rule 12b-32 and Regulation S-K section 10, paragraph (d).

Exhibit No. |  | Description of Exhibit |  | Filed as Exhibit: |  | Registrant (s) File No:
Articles of Incorporation and By-laws |  |  |  |
3.1 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of TXNM Energy, Inc. |  | 3.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 6, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
3.2 |  | Restated Articles of Incorporation of PNM, as amended through May 31, 2002 |  | 3.1.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2002 |  | 1-6986 PNM
3.3 |  | Articles of Incorporation of TNMP, as amended through July 7, 2005 |  | 3.1.2 to TNMP’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2005 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
3.4 |  | Bylaws of TXNM Energy, Inc. with all amendments to and includin g August 2, 2024 |  | 3.2 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 6, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
3.5 |  | Bylaws of PNM, with all amendments to and including July 1, 2022 |  | 3.5 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
3.6 |  | Bylaws of TNMP with all amendments to and including June 18, 2013 |  | 3.6 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 20, 2013 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Securities Instruments‡ |  |  |  |
TXNM |  |  |  |  |  |
4.1 |  | Description of TXNM Energy, Inc. Securities |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
4.2 |  | Indenture, dated as of March 15, 2005, between TXNM and JPMorgan Chase Bank, N.A., as Trustee |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 31, 2005 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
4.3 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among TXNM, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 15, 2005 TXNM Indenture) |  | 4.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
4.4 |  | I ndenture for TXNM Energy, Inc.’s 5.75% Junior Subordinated Convertible Notes due 2054, dated as of June 10, 2024, by and between TXNM Energy, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee |  | 4.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
4.5 |  | Indenture for TXNM Energy, Inc.’s 5.75% Junior Subordinated Notes due 2054, dated as of June 10, 2024, by and between TXNM Energy, Inc. and Computershare Trust Company, N.A., as trustee |  | 4.2 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 10, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
PNM |  |  |  |  |  |
4.6 |  | Description of Public Service Company of New Mexico Securities |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2019 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.7 |  | Indenture (for Senior Notes), dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee |  | 4.4 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 1998 |  | 1-6986 PNM

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4.8 |  | Sixth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 1, 2003, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and JPMorgan Chase Bank, as Trustee (PVNGS Maricopa PCRBs, Series 2003A) |  | 4.6.4 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2003 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.9 |  | Eighth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2010, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company (successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank), as Trustee (SJGS Farmington PCRBs Series 2010A-F) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed July 29, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.10 |  | Ninth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of June 1, 2010, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company (successor to JPMorgan Chase Bank), as Trustee (PVNGS Maricopa PCRBs Series 2010A-B) |  | 10.2 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed July 29, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.11 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance effective as of May 1, 2011, among PNM, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 11, 1998 PNM Indenture) |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.12 |  | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture, dated as of September 1, 2016, supplemental to Indenture dated as of March 11, 1998, between PNM and MUFG Union Bank, N.A. (formerly Union Bank, N.A.) (ultimate successor as trustee to The Chase Manhattan Bank), as Trustee (SJGS and Four Corners Farmington PCRBs Series 2016A-B) |  | 4.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 27, 2016 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.13 |  | Indenture (for Senior Notes), dated as of August 1, 1998, between PNM and The Chase Manhattan Bank, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 333-53367 |  | 333-53367 PNM
4.14 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among PNM, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company and Union Bank, N.A. (for August 1, 1998 PNM Indenture) |  | 4.3 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
4.15 |  | Fifth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 11, 2015, supplemental to the Indenture dated as of August 1, 1998, between PNM and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($250,000,000 of 3.85% Senior Notes due 2025, Series 2015) |  | 4.2 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 11, 2015 |  | 1-6986 PNM
TNMP |  |  |  |  |  |
4.16 |  | First Mortgage Indenture dated as of March 23, 2009 between TNMP and The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A., as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 27, 2009 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.18 |  | Agreement of Resignation, Appointment and Acceptance, effective as of June 1, 2011, among TNMP, The Bank of New York Mellon Trust Company, N.A. and Union Bank, N.A. (for March 23, 2009 TNMP Indenture) |  | 4.4 to TNMP’s Quarterly Report Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.19 |  | Fifth Supplemental Indenture dated as of April 3, 2013 between TNMP and Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($93,198,000 of 6.95% First Mortgage Bonds due 2043, Series 2013A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 3, 2013 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.20 |  | Seventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of February 10, 2016 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.53% First Mortgage Bonds due 2026, Series 2016A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 10, 2016 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.21 |  | Eighth Supplemental Indenture dated as of August 24, 2017 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.22% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2017A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 24, 2017 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.22 |  | Ninth Supplemental Indenture dated as of June 28, 2018 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($60,000,000 of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2018A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP

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4.23 |  | Tenth Supplemental Indenture dated as of March 29, 2019 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($75,000,000 of 3.79% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019B, $75,000,000 of 3.92% First Mortgage Bonds due 2039, Series 2019C, $75,000,000 of 4.06% First Mortgage Bonds due 2044, Series 2019D) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 29, 2019 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.24 |  | Eleventh Supplemental Indenture dated as of July 1, 2019 between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($80,000,000 of 3.60% First Mortgage Bonds due 2029, Series 2019A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2019 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.25 |  | Twelfth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 24, 2020, between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($85,000,000 of 2.73% First Mortgage Bonds due 2030, Series 2020A, $25,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020B) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.26 |  | Thirteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 15, 2020, between TNMP and MUFG Union Bank, N.A., as Trustee ($25,000,000 of 2.93% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2020C, $50,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020D) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 15, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.27 |  | Fourteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of August 16, 2021, between TNMP and U.S. Bank National Association, as Trustee ($65,000,000 of 2.44% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2021A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 16, 2021 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.28 |  | Fifteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 12, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($65,000,000 of 4.13% First Mortgage Bonds due 2052, Series 2022A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 16, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.29 |  | Sixteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of May 13, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($100,000,000 of First Mortgage Bonds, Series 2022B) |  | 4.3 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 16, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.30 |  | Seventeenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 28, 2022, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($95,000,000 of 3.81% First Mortgage Bonds due 2032, Series 2022C) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.31 |  | Eighteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 28, 2023, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($130,000,000 of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2033, Series 2023A) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.32 |  | Nineteenth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 28, 2023, between TNMP and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as trustee ($55,000,000 of 5.47% First Mortgage Bonds due 2053, Series 2023B) |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.33 |  | Twentieth Supplemental Indenture, dated as of March 28, 2024, between Texas-New Mexico Power Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 28, 2024 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.34 |  | Twent y-First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of April 1, 2024, between Texas-New Mexico Power Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2024 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
4.35 |  | Twenty-Second Supplemental Indenture, dated as of July 1, 2024, between Texas-New Mexico Power Company and U.S. Bank Trust Company, National Association, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 1, 2024 |  | 2-97230 TNMP

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4.36 |  | T wenty-Third Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 14, 2025, between Texas-New Mexico Power Com pany and U.S. Bank Tr ust Company, National As sociation, as Trustee |  | 4.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2025 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Material Contracts |  |  |  |
10.1 |  | D istribution Agreement, dated May 6, 2024, by and among TXNM Ener gy, Inc., BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Ca pital (USA) Inc., a nd Wells Fargo Securities, LLC (each as sales agent) and Bank of America, N.A., Citibank, N.A., MUFG Securities EMEA plc, Roy al Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nov a Scotia and Wells Fargo Bank, N.A. (each as forward purchaser) |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 6, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.2 |  | Amendment No. 1 to the Distribution Agreement, dated August 5, 2024, by and among BofA Securities, Inc., Citigroup Global Markets Inc., MUFG Securities Americas Inc., RBC Capital Markets, LLC, Scotia Capital, Bank of America, N.A., Citibank, N.A., MUFG Securities EMEA plc, Royal Bank of Canada, The Bank of Nova Scotia, W ells Fargo Bank, N.A., and TXNM Energy |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 5, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.3 |  | Term Loan Agreement, dated as of June 30, 2023 by and among TXNM, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 3, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.4 |  | Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated as of May 20, 2022, among TXNM, the lenders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 24, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.5 |  | First Amendment to Amended and Restated Term Loan Agreement, dated July 25, 2023, among TXNM the lender party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.6 |  | T welfth Amendment to and Restatem ent of Credit Agreeme nt, dated April 1, 2024, among TXNM, the lenders party ther eto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Administrative Agent |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.7 |  | S eventh Amendment to and Restatement o f Credit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2024, among PNM, the len ders party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association as Administrative Agent |  | 10.2 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2024 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.8 |  | T erm Loan Agreem ent, dated as of January 21, 2025, among Public Service Comp any of New Mexico, the lender parties thereto a nd Canadian Imperial Bank of Commerce, New York Branch, as Administrative Agent |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed January 22, 2025 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.9 |  | T erm Loan Agreement, dated as of May 10, 2024, among PNM, the lenders party thereto and U.S. Bank National Association, as Administrative Agent |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed May 10, 2024 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.10 |  | Term Loan Agreement, dated as of August 5, 2022, among PNM, the lender parties thereto and Royal Bank of Canada, as administrative agent |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed August 5, 2022 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.11 |  | Note Purchase Agreement dated July 28, 2017 between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2018 SUNs, Series A-H) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2017 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.12 |  | Note Purchase Agreement dated April 30, 2020 between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2020 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2020 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.13 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated July 14, 2021, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2021 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 14, 2021 |  | 1-6986 PNM

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10.14 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated September 23, 2021, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM September 2021 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed September 23, 2021 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.15 |  | Note Purchase Agreement, dated April 28, 2023, between PNM and the purchasers named therein (PNM 2023 SUNs, Series A-B) |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.16 |  | C redit Agreement, dated as of April 1, 2024, the lender s party thereto and Wells Fargo Bank, National Association, as Administrative Agent |  | 10.3 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 1, 2024 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.17 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated December 17, 2015 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein (for $60,000,000 3.53% First Mortgage Bonds, due 2026, Series 2016A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 21, 2015 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.18 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated June 14, 2017 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein (for $60,000,000 3.22% First Mortgage Bonds due 2027, Series 2017A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed June 14, 2017 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.19 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated June 28, 2018 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($60,000,000 of 3.85% First Mortgage Bonds due 2028, Series 2018A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 2, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.20 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated February 26, 2019 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($80,000,000 of 3.60% First Mortgage Bonds due 2029, Series 2019A; $75,000,000 of 3.79% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019B; $75,000,000 of 3.92% First Mortgage Bonds due 2034, Series 2019C; $75,000,000 of 4.06% First Mortgage Bonds due 2044, Series 2019D) |  | 10.3 to TNMP’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2018 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.21 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated April 24, 2020, between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($85,000,000 of 2.73% First Mortgage Bonds due 2030, Series 2020A; $25,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020B; $25,000,000 of 2.93% First Mortgage Bonds due 2035, Series 2020C; $50,000,000 of 3.36% First Mortgage Bonds due 2050, Series 2020D) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 24, 2020 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.22 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated July 14, 2021, between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($65,000,000 of 2.44% First Mortgage Bonds, due 2035, Series 2021A) |  | 10.2 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed July 14, 2021 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.23 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement dated April 27, 2022 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($65,000,000 of 4.13% First Mortgage Bonds due 2052, Series 2022A, $95,000,000 of 3.81% First Mortgage Bonds due 2032, Series 2022C) |  | 10.9 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.24 |  | Bond Purchase Agreement, dated April 28, 2023 between TNMP and the purchasers named therein ($130,000,000 of 5.01% First Mortgage Bonds due 2033, Series 2023A, $55,000,000 of 5.47% First Mortgage Bonds due 2053, Series 2023B) |  | 10.2 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 28, 2023 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.25 |  | B ond Purchase Agreement, dated March 28, 2024, between Texas-New Mexico Power Company and the purchasers named therein ($32,000,000 of 5.26% First Mortgage Bonds due 2029, Series 2024A, $85,000,000 of 5.55% First Mortgage Bonds due 20 36, Series 2024 B, $40,000,000 of 5.65% First Mortgage Bonds due 20 39, Series 2024 D, $128,000,000 of 5.79% First Mortgage Bonds due 20 54, Series 2024 E) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 28, 2024 |  | 2-97230 TNMP

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10.26 |  | B ond Purchase Agreement, dated February 14, 2025, between Texas-New Mexico Power Company a nd the purchasers named therein ($140,000,000 of 5.19% First Mortgage Bonds due 2031, Series 2025A) |  | 10.1 to TNMP’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 14, 2025 |  | 2-97230 TNMP
10.27** |  | 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 4.3 to TXNM’s Form S-8 Registration Statement filed May 15, 2014 |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.28** |  | First Amendment to 2014 Performance Equity Plan |  | 99.1 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed December 15, 2015 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.29** |  | Second Amendment to 2014 Performance Equity Plan effective January 1, 2017 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.30** |  | 2023 Performance Equity Plan dated May 16, 2023 |  | 4.3 to TXNM’s Form S-8 Registration Statement filed May 16, 2023 |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.31** |  | F irst Amendm ent to TXNM 2023 Performance Equity P lan effect ive December 18, 2024 |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.32** |  | 2023 Officer Annual Incentive Plan dated April 19, 2023 |  | 10.1 to PNMR’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.33** |  | T XNM 2024 Officer An nual Incentive Plan dated May 1, 2024 |  | 10.7 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.34** |  | F irst Amendment, dated September 12, 2024, to TXNM 2024 Officer Annual Incentive Plan |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.35** |  | S econd Amendment, da ted December 18, 2024, to TXNM 2024 Officer Annual Incentive Plan |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.36** |  | 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 28, 2019 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2019 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.37** |  | First Amendment to 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.38** |  | Second Amendment dated March 29, 2021 to 2019 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.39** |  | 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 30, 2020 |  | 10.9 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.40** |  | First Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.6 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.41** |  | Second Amendment dated March 29, 2021 to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.42** |  | Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Charles Eldred, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.43** |  | Second Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Charles Eldred, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.44** |  | Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patricia Collawn, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM

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10.45** |  | Second Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patricia Collawn, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.6 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.46** |  | Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patrick Apodaca, effective December 4, 2020 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.47** |  | Second Letter Amendment to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan for Patrick Apodaca, effective March 1, 2022 |  | 10.7 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.48** |  | Third Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to 2020 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.49** |  | 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated March 29, 2021 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.50** |  | First Amendment dated April 19, 2022 to 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.51** |  | Second Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to 2021 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.52** |  | 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated April 19, 2022 |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.53** |  | First Amendment dated July 7, 2022 to 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.54** |  | Second Amendment dated September 12, 2024 to TXNM 202 2 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.55** |  | T hird Amendment, dated December 18, 2024 to TXNM 2022 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.56** |  | 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated April 19, 2023 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.57** |  | First Amendment dated May 1, 2024 to 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.6 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.58** |  | Second Amendment dated September 1 2, 2024 to TXNM 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.59** |  | T hird Amendment, dated Decemb er 18, 2024 to TXNM 2023 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.60** |  | T XNM 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan dated May 1, 2024 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.61** |  | First Amendment dated September 12, 2024 to TXNM 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.62** |  | S econd Amendment, dated December 18, 2024 to TXNM 2024 Long-Term Incentive Plan |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.63** |  | TXNM Director Deferred Stock Rights Program effective December 18, 2024 |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM

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10.64** |  | Acknowledgement Form for officer restricted stock rights and awards granted under the 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 10.4.2 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.65** |  | 2021 Director Compensation Summary |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.66** |  | 2022 Director Compensation Summary |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2022 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.67** |  | Acknowledgement Form with attached Terms and Conditions for restricted stock rights granted to directors on and after 2018 under the 2014 Performance Equity Plan dated May 15, 2014 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.68** |  | Acknowledgement Form with attached Terms and Conditions for restricted stock rights granted to directors on and after 2023 under the 2023 Performance Equity Plan dated May 16, 2023 |  | 10.59 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.69** |  | Executive Spending Account Plan (amended and restated effective January 1, 2011) |  | 10.4 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 1, 2011 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.70** |  | First Amendment to Executive Spending Account Plan effective January 1, 2011 |  | 10.7 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.71** |  | Second Amendment to Executive Spending Account executed December 13, 2017 |  | 10.2 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2017 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.72** |  | Third Amendment to Executive Spending Account effective February 22, 2018 |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2018 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.73** |  | Executive Savings Plan II (amended and restated effective January 1, 2015) |  | 10.1.2 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2014 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.74** |  | First Amendment to Executive Savings Plan II executed April 15, 2016 |  | 10.7 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.75** |  | Second Amendment to Executive Savings Plan II executed December 28, 2020 |  | 10.7 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.76** |  | T hird Amendment to Executive Savings Plan II executed December 18, 2024 |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.77** |  | Summary of Officer Paid Time Off Program |  | 10.6 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.78** |  | Non-Union Severance Pay Plan effective December 1, 2021 |  | 10.53 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.79** |  | F irst Amendment to Non-Union Severance Pay Plan ef f ective April 17, 2024 |  | Filed herewith |  | 333-195974 TXNM
10.80** |  | Officer Retention Plan executed October 20, 2020, as amended and restated effective as of October 20, 2020 |  | 10.3 to TXNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed October 21, 2020 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.81** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed November 11, 2020 for Elisabeth A. Eden |  | 10.65 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 28, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.82** |  | First Amendment to Employee Retention Agreements, executed January 20, 2022 for Elisabeth A. Eden |  | 10.66 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed February 28, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM

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10.83** |  | S ign-on Equity Grant Restricted Stock Rights Awa rd Agre ement, executed September 6, 2024 for Brian G. Iverson |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2024 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.84** |  | Officer Life Insurance Plan dated April 28, 2004 |  | 10.24.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2004 |  | 333-32170 TXNM
10.85** |  | First Amendment to Officer Life Insurance Plan dated December 16, 2004 |  | 10.27 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2004 |  | 333-32170 TXNM
10.86** |  | Second Amendment to Officer Life Insurance Plan executed April 5, 2007 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2007 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.87** |  | Third Amendment to the Officer Life Insurance Plan effective January 1, 2009 |  | 10.10 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.88** |  | Fourth Amendment to the Officer Life Insurance Plan effective January 1, 2009 |  | 10.15 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2008 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.89** |  | Fifth Amendment to the Officer Life Insurance Plan executed December 16, 2011 |  | 10.5 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2011 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.90** |  | Officer Financial Counseling Program offered by AYCO, a Goldman Sachs Company, effective January 9, 2020 |  | 10.61 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2021 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.91** |  | Officers Long Term Disability Coverage Description for Prudential Policy effective January 1, 2012 |  | 10.8 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2016 |  | 333-32170 TXNM
10.92** |  | Form of Amended and Restated Indemnity Agreement for officers and directors approved July 23, 2019 |  | 10.1 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 2019 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.93** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed December 4, 2023 for Joseph D. Tarry |  | 10.81 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.94** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed December 5, 2023 for Patricia K. Collawn |  | 10.82 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.95** |  | Employee Retention Agreement, executed December 5, 2023 for Patrick V. Apodaca |  | 10.83 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
10.96 |  | Supplemental Indenture of Lease dated as of July 19, 1966 between PNM and other participants in the Four Corners Project and the Navajo Indian Tribal Council |  | 4-D to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 2-26116 |  | 2-26116 PNM
10.97 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 1 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease dated April 25, 1985 between the Navajo Tribe of Indians and Arizona Public Service Company, El Paso Electric Company, Public Service Company of New Mexico, Salt River project Agricultural Improvement and Power District, Southern California Edison Company, and Tucson Electric Power Company (refiled) |  | 10.1.1 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1995 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.98 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 2 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease with the Navajo Nation dated March 7, 2011 |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.99 |  | Amendment and Supplement No. 3 to Supplemental and Additional Indenture of Lease with the Navajo Nation dated March 7, 2011 |  | 10.2 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM

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10.100 |  | Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement among PNM and Arizona Public Service Company, Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District, Tucson Gas & Electric Company and El Paso Electric Company, dated August 23, 1973 |  | 5-T to PNM’s Registration Statement No. 2-50338 |  | 2-50338 PNM
10.101 |  | Amendments No. 1 through No. 6 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement |  | 10.8.1 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1991 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.102 |  | Amendment No. 7 effective April 1, 1982, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.8.2 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1991 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.103 |  | Amendment No. 8 effective September 12, 1983, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.58 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1993 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.104 |  | Amendment No. 9 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated as of June 12, 1984 (refiled) |  | 10.8.4 to PNM’s Annual Report of the Registrant on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1994 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.105 |  | Amendment No. 10 dated as of November 21, 1985 and Amendment No. 11 dated as of June 13, 1986 and effective January 10, 1987 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement (refiled) |  | 10.8.5 to PNM’s Annual Report of the Registrant on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 1995 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.106 |  | Amendment No. 12 to Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated June 14, 1988, and effective August 5, 1988 |  | 19.1 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended September 30, 1990 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.107 |  | Amendment No. 13 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated April 4, 1990, and effective June 15, 1991 |  | 10.8.10 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 1990 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.108 |  | Amendment No. 14 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement effective June 20, 2000 |  | 10.8.9 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2000 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.109 |  | Amendment No. 15 to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement dated November 29, 2010 and effective January 13, 2011 |  | 10.1 to PNM’s Current Report on Form 8-K filed March 1, 2011 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.110 |  | Amendment No. 16, effective as of April 28, 2014, to the Arizona Nuclear Power Project Participation Agreement |  | 10.3 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2014 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.111 |  | M aster Nuclear Decommissioning Trust Fund Agreement for Palo Verde Nuclear Generating Station bet ween Public Service Com pany of New Mexico and The Northern Trust Company, dated June 4, 2024 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.112 |  | Stipulation in the matter of PNM’s transition plan Utility Case No. 3137, dated October 10, 2002 as amended by Amendment to Stipulated Agreement dated October 18, 2002 |  | 10.86 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2002 |  | 1-6986 PNM
10.113 |  | Stipulation dated February 28, 2005 in NMPRC Case No. 04-00315-UT regarding the application of TXNM and TNMP for approval of the TNP acquisition |  | 10.134 to TXNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2005 |  | 1-32462 TXNM/ TNMP
Policies |  |  |  |
19.1 |  | I nsider Trading Policy |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
Subsidiaries |  |  |  |
21 |  | Certain subsidiaries of TXNM |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
Auditor Consents |  |  |  |
23.1 |  | Consent of KPMG LLP for TXNM Energy, Inc. |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
23.2 |  | Consent of KPMG LLP for Public Service Company of New Mexico |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM

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Officer Certifications |  |  |  |
31.1 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
31.2 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
31.3 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
31.4 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
31.5 |  | Chief Executive Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
31.6 |  | Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
32.1 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM
32.2 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-6986 PNM
32.3 |  | Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer Certification Pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 |  | Filed herewith |  | 2-97230 TNMP
Additional Exhibits |  |  |  |
97 |  | TXNM Compensation Recoupment Policy (Clawback Policy) |  | 97 to TXNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K filed for the year ended December 31, 2023 |  | 1-32462 TXNM
99.1 |  | Agreement for the Sale and Purchase of Wastewater Effluent, dated November 13, 2000, among the City of Tolleson, Arizona Public Service Company and Salt River Project Agricultural Improvement and Power District |  | 99.19 to PNM’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for year ended December 31, 2013 |  | 1-6986 PNM
99.2 |  | Municipal Effluent Purchase and Sale Agreement dated April 23, 2010 between Cities of Phoenix, Mesa, Tempe, Scottsdale and Glendale, Arizona municipal corporations; and APS, SRP, acting on behalf of themselves and EPE, SCE, PNM, SCPPA, and Los Angeles Department of Water and Power |  | 10.6 to PNM’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2010 |  | 1-6986 PNM
XBRL Exhibits |  |  |  |
101.INS |  | XBRL Instance Document - The instance document does not appear in the interactive data file because XBRL tags are embedded within the Inline XBRL document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP
101.SCH |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Schema Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP
101.CAL |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP
101.DEF |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP
101.LAB |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP
101.PRE |  | Inline XBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP

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104 |  | Cover Page Inline XBRL File (included in Exhibits 101) |  | Filed herewith |  | 1-32462 TXNM/PNM/ TNMP

* One or more additional documents, substantially identical in all material respects to this exhibit, have been entered into, relating to one or more additional sale and leaseback transactions. Although such additional documents may differ in other respects (such as dollar amounts and percentages), there are no material details in which such additional documents differ from this exhibit.
** Designates each management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement required to be identified pursuant to paragraph 3 of Item 15(a) of Form 10-K.
‡ Certain instruments defining the rights of holders of long-term debt of the registrants included in the financial statements of registrants filed herewith have been omitted because the total amount of securities authorized thereunder does not exceed 10% of the total assets of registrants. The registrants hereby agree to furnish a copy of any such omitted instrument to the SEC upon request.
ITEM 16. FORM 10-K SUMMARY
None.
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SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | TXNM Energy, INC.
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 28, 2025 | By |  | /s/ P. K. Collawn
|  |  |  | P. K. Collawn
|  |  |  | Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Principal Executive Officer and Chairman of the Board | February 28, 2025
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
Chairman and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer | February 28, 2025
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 28, 2025
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ V.A. Bailey |  | Director | February 28, 2025
V.A. Bailey |  |  |
/s/ N.P. Becker |  | Director | February 28, 2025
N. P. Becker |  |  |
/s/ E. R. Conley |  | Director | February 28, 2025
E. R. Conley |  |  |
/s/ A. J. Fohrer |  | Director | February 28, 2025
A. J. Fohrer |  |  |
/s/ S. M. Gutierrez |  | Director | February 28, 2025
S. M. Gutierrez |  |  |
/s/ J.A. Hughes |  | Director | February 28, 2025
J.A. Hughes |  |  |
/s/ S. Maestas |  | Director | February 28, 2025
S. Maestas |  |  |
/s/ L. Montoya |  | Director | February 28, 2025
L. Montoya |  |  |
/s/ M. T. Mullarkey |  | Director | February 28, 2025
M. T. Mullarkey |  |  |
/s/ J. D. Tarry |  | Director | February 28, 2025
J. D. Tarry |  |  |

E - 1

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | PUBLIC SERVICE COMPANY OF NEW MEXICO
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 28, 2025 | By |  | /s/ J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | President and Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ J. D. Tarry |  | Principal Executive Officer and Director | February 28, 2025
J. D. Tarry |  |  |
President and Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer and Director | February 28, 2025
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 28, 2025
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Chairman of the Board | February 28, 2025
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
/s/ M. P. Mertz |  | Director | February 28, 2025
M. P. Mertz |  |  |

E - 2

Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

|  |  |  | TEXAS-NEW MEXICO POWER COMPANY
|  |  |  | (Registrant)
Date: | February 28, 2025 | By |  | /s/ J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | J. D. Tarry
|  |  |  | Chief Executive Officer

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the Registrant and in the capacities and on the dates indicated.

Signature |  | Capacity | Date
/s/ J. D. Tarry |  | Principal Executive Officer and Director | February 28, 2025
J. D. Tarry |  |  |
Chief Executive Officer |  |  |
/s/ E. A. Eden |  | Principal Financial Officer and Director | February 28, 2025
E. A. Eden |  |  |
Senior Vice President and Chief Financial Officer |  |  |
/s/ G. R. Bischoff |  | Principal Accounting Officer | February 28, 2025
G. R. Bischoff |  |  |
Vice President and Corporate Controller |  |  |
/s/ P. K. Collawn |  | Chairman of the Board | February 28, 2025
P. K. Collawn |  |  |
/s/ J. N. Walker |  | Director | February 28, 2025
J. N. Walker |  |  |

E - 3