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Stock-Based Compensation
 3 Months Ended
Mar. 31, 2025
Share-Based Payment Arrangement [Abstract]  
Stock-Based Compensation Stock-Based Compensation
TXNM has various stock-based compensation programs, which provide restricted stock awards, that are performance-based and time-based, under the Performance Equity Plan (“PEP”). Although certain PNM and TNMP employees are eligible to participate in the TXNM plans, PNM and TNMP do not have separate employee stock-based compensation plans. Performance stock awards awarded under the PEP are awarded for a three-year, overlapping performance period. Performance stock awards with performance periods ending in 2024 and 2025 do not include market targets. Performance stock awards with performance periods ending after 2025 are subject to achieving both performance and market targets. Other awards of restricted stock are only subject to time-based vesting requirements. Additional information concerning stock-based compensation under the PEP is contained in Note 12 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Annual Reports on Form 10-K.

Restricted stock under the PEP refers to awards of stock subject to vesting, performance, or market conditions rather than to shares with contractual post-vesting restrictions. Generally, the awards vest ratably over three years from the grant date of the award. However, awards with performance or market conditions vest upon satisfaction of those conditions. In addition, plan provisions provide that upon retirement, participants become 100% vested in certain stock awards. The vesting period for awards of restricted stock to non-employee members of the Board is one-year.

The stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock awards without performance or market conditions to participants that are retirement eligible on the grant date is recognized immediately at the grant date and is not amortized. Compensation expense for other such awards is amortized over the shorter of the requisite vesting period or the period until the participant becomes retirement eligible. Compensation expense for performance-based shares is recognized ratably over the performance period as required service is provided and is adjusted periodically to reflect the level of achievement expected to be attained. Compensation expense related to market-based shares is recognized ratably over the measurement period, regardless of the actual level of achievement, provided the employees meet their service requirements. At March 31, 2025, TXNM had unrecognized expense related to stock awards of $8.2 million, which is expected to be recognized over an average of 2.3 years.

The grant date fair value for restricted stock and stock awards with internal TXNM performance targets is determined based on the market price of TXNM common stock on the date of the agreements reduced by the present value of future dividends that will not be received prior to vesting. The grant date fair value is applied to the total number of shares that are anticipated to vest, although the number of performance shares that ultimately vest cannot be determined until after the performance periods end. The grant date fair value of stock awards with market targets were determined using Monte Carlo simulation models, which provide grant date fair values that include an expectation of the number of shares to vest at the end of the measurement period.
The following table summarizes the weighted-average assumptions used to determine the awards grant date fair value:

Three Months Ended March 31,
Restricted Shares and Performance Based Shares20252024
Expected quarterly dividends per share$0.4075 $0.3875 
Risk-free interest rate4.00 %4.27 %
Market-Based Shares
Dividend yield3.12 %4.21%
Expected volatility15.67 %13.09%
Risk-free interest rate4.12 %4.31%

The following table summarizes activity in restricted stock awards, including performance-based and market-based shares for the three months ended March 31, 2025:
Restricted Stock
SharesWeighted-
Average
Grant Date Fair Value
Outstanding at December 31, 2024
241,237 $37.05 
Granted
148,752 47.02 
Released(123,323)41.77 
Forfeited
(4,002)33.89 
Outstanding at March 31, 2025262,664 $40.53 

Included, as granted and released, in the table above are 50,923 previously awarded performance-based shares that were earned for the 2022 - 2024 performance measurement period and ratified by the Board in February 2025 (based upon achieving targets at above “threshold,” below “target” levels). Excluded from the table above are 145,219, 217,739, and 200,500 shares for the three-year performance periods ending in 2025, 2026, and 2027 that will be awarded if all performance and market criteria are achieved at maximum levels and all executives remain eligible.

On December 4, 2023, the Company entered into a retention agreement with its President and Chief Operating Officer under which he would receive a retention bonus of $1.0 million to be paid in increments beginning in December 2023 and continuing each December until 2025. On April 8, 2024, pursuant to the retention agreement, the Board elected to convert the unvested portion of the retention bonus of $0.8 million into restricted stock rights whereby each share of restricted stock is equal to one share of Company common stock as of the first trading day after expiration of the then current black-out period. On May 3, 2024, subsequent to the expiration of the black-out period, 19,851 restricted stock rights were awarded that will vest in accordance with the original terms of the retention agreement.

On September 16, 2024, in connection with a one-time sign-on equity grant, the Company’s newly appointed General Counsel, Senior Vice President Regulatory and Public Policy, and Corporate Secretary was awarded 9,300 shares of restricted stock, of which 50% vested immediately and the remaining 50% will vest on the first anniversary of his start date, subject to continued employment through the vesting date.

The following table provides additional information concerning restricted stock activity, including performance-based and market-based shares:
Three Months Ended March 31,
Restricted Stock20252024
Weighted-average grant date fair value$47.02 $32.43 
Total fair value of restricted shares that vested (in thousands)$6,101 $5,395