Fair Value of Derivative and Other Financial Instruments

6 Months Ended

Jun. 30, 2025

Fair Value of Derivative and Other Financial Instruments

Additional information concerning energy related derivative contracts and other financial instruments is contained in Note 9 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements in the 2024 Annual Reports on Form 10-K.

Fair value is defined as the price that would be received for an asset or paid to transfer a liability (an exit price) in the principal or most advantageous market for the asset or liability in an orderly transaction between market participants on the measurement date. Fair value is based on current market quotes as available and is supplemented by modeling techniques and assumptions made by the Company to the extent quoted market prices or volatilities are not available. External pricing input availability varies based on commodity location, market liquidity, and term of the agreement. Valuations of derivative assets and liabilities take into account nonperformance risk, including the effect of counterparties’ and the Company’s credit risk. The Company regularly assesses the validity and availability of pricing data for its derivative transactions. Although the Company uses its best judgment in estimating the fair value of these instruments, there are inherent limitations in any estimation technique.

Energy Related Derivative Contracts

Overview

The primary objective for the use of commodity derivative instruments, including energy contracts, options, swaps, and futures, is to manage price risk associated with forecasted purchases of energy and fuel used to generate electricity, as well as managing anticipated generation capacity in excess of forecasted demand from existing customers. PNM’s energy related derivative contracts manage commodity risk. TNMP does not enter into energy related derivative contracts.

PNM enters into agreements for the purchase and sale of power from third parties. As PNM is required to meet the demand and energy needs of its customers, PNM may be exposed to market risk for the needs of its customers not covered under the FPPAC.

PNM’s operations are managed primarily through a net asset-backed strategy, whereby PNM’s aggregate net open forward contract position is covered by its forecasted excess generation capabilities or market purchases. PNM could be exposed to market risk if its generation capabilities were to be disrupted or if its load requirements were to be greater than anticipated. If all or a portion of load requirements were required to be covered as a result of such unexpected situations, commitments would have to be met through market purchases.

Commodity Risk

Marketing and procurement of energy often involve market risks associated with managing energy commodities and establishing positions in the energy markets, primarily on a short-term basis. PNM routinely enters into various derivative instruments such as forward contracts, option agreements, and price basis swap agreements to economically hedge price and volume risk on power commitments and fuel requirements and to minimize the effect of market fluctuations. PNM monitors the market risk of its commodity contracts in accordance with approved risk and credit policies.

Accounting for Derivatives

Under derivative accounting and related rules for energy contracts, PNM accounts for its various instruments for the purchase and sale of energy, which meet the definition of a derivative, based on PNM’s intent. During the six months ended June 30, 2025 and the year ended December 31, 2024, PNM was not hedging its exposure to the variability in future cash flows from commodity derivatives through designated cash flow hedges. The derivative contracts recorded at fair value that do not qualify or are not designated for cash flow hedge accounting are classified as economic hedges. Economic hedges are defined as derivative instruments, including long-term power agreements, used to economically hedge generation assets, purchased power and fuel costs, and customer load requirements. Changes in the fair value of economic hedges are reflected in Operating income on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and are presented in Electric Operating Revenues and Cost of energy according to the intent of the hedge. PNM also uses such instruments under an NMPRC-approved hedging plan to manage fuel and purchased power costs related to customers covered by its FPPAC. Changes in the fair value of instruments covered by its FPPAC are recorded as Regulatory assets and Regulatory liabilities on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. The cash impacts of settled derivatives are recorded as operating activities or financing activities on the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Cash Flows consistent with the classification of the hedged transaction. PNM has no trading transactions.

Commodity Derivatives

In November 2024, February 2025, and April 2025, PNM entered into agreements to purchase a total of 250 MW from July 1, 2025 through August 31, 2025 in order to ensure that customer demand during the 2025 summer peak load period will be met. In 2024, PNM had existing agreements to purchase a total of 150 MW from July 1, 2024 through July 31, 2024 and 100 MW from August 1, 2024 through August 30, 2024. All of these agreements are related to customers covered by the FPPAC and are reflected in the commodity derivative table for each of the periods presented below.

PNM’s commodity derivative instruments that are recorded at fair value, all of which are accounted for as economic hedges and considered Level 2 fair value measurements, are presented in the following line items on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets:


	Economic Hedges
	June 30, 2025		December 31, 2024
	(In thousands)
Other current assets	$	—	$	—



Other current liabilities	(8,940)		(5,737)


Net	$	(8,940)	$	(5,737)

Certain of PNM’s commodity derivative instruments in the above table are subject to master netting agreements whereby assets and liabilities could be offset in the settlement process. PNM does not offset fair value and cash collateral for derivative instruments under master netting arrangements and the above table reflects the gross amounts of fair value assets and liabilities for commodity derivatives.

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, PNM had no commodity derivative instruments, considered economic hedges, that did not pertain to the NMPRC-approved hedging plan discussed above. Changes in fair value had no impact on PNM’s net earnings during the six months ended June 30, 2025 and 2024.

Commodity contract volume positions are presented in MMBTU for gas related contracts and in MWh for power related contracts. The table below presents PNM’s net buy (sell) volume positions:


	Economic Hedges
	MMBTU	MWh
June 30, 2025	—	179,800
December 31, 2024	—	89,900

PNM has contingent requirements to provide collateral under commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral provision that are in net liability positions and are not fully collateralized with cash. In connection with managing its commodity risks, PNM enters into master agreements with certain counterparties. If PNM is in a net liability position under an agreement, some agreements provide that the counterparties can request collateral if PNM’s credit rating is downgraded; other agreements provide that the counterparty may request collateral to provide it with “adequate assurance” that PNM will perform; and others have no provision for collateral.

The table below presents information about PNM’s contingent requirements to provide collateral under certain commodity contracts having an objectively determinable collateral provision, that are in net liability positions, and that are not fully collateralized with cash. Contractual liability represents those commodity derivative contracts recorded at fair value on the balance sheet, determined on an individual contract basis without offsetting amounts for individual contracts that are in an asset position and could be offset under master netting agreements with the same counterparty. Cash collateral posted under these contracts does not reflect letters of credit under the Company’s revolving credit facilities that may have been issued as collateral.

Net exposure is the net contractual liability for all contracts, including those designated as normal purchase and normal sale, offset by existing collateral and by any offsets available under master netting agreements, including both assets and liability positions.


Contingent Feature - Credit Rating	Contractual Liability		Existing Cash Collateral		Net Exposure
	(In thousands)
June 30, 2025	$	8,940	$	—	$	8,940
December 31, 2024	$	5,737	$	—	$	5,737

At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, PNM had no amounts recognized for the legal right to reclaim cash collateral. However, amounts posted as cash collateral under margin arrangements were zero at June 30, 2025 and $0.1 million at December 31, 2024. These amounts are included in other current assets on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets. At both June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, there were no obligations to return cash collateral.

Non-Derivative Financial Instruments

The carrying amounts reflected on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets approximate fair value for cash, receivables, and payables due to the short period of maturity. Investment securities are carried at fair value. Investment securities consist of PNM assets held in the NDT for its share of decommissioning costs of PVNGS, a trust for PNM’s share of decommissioning costs at SJGS, and trusts for PNM’s share of final reclamation costs related to the coal mines serving SJGS and Four Corners. See Note 11. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, the fair value of investment securities included $407.0 million and $384.6 million for the NDT, $4.0 million and $8.2 million for the SJGS decommissioning trust, and $76.0 million and $82.7 million for the coal mine reclamation trusts.

PNM records a realized loss as an impairment for any available-for-sale debt security that has a fair value that is less than its carrying value. At June 30, 2025 and December 31, 2024, PNM had no available-for-sale debt securities for which carrying value exceeded fair value, where the impairments were considered to be “other than temporary” and included in AOCI rather than recognized in earnings. All gains and losses resulting from sales and changes in the fair value of equity securities are recognized immediately in earnings. Gains and losses recognized on the Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings related to investment securities in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning, and coal mine reclamation trusts are presented in the following table:


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In thousands)
Equity securities:
Net gains from equity securities sold	$	6,940	$	6,272	$	13,932	$	16,143
Net gains (losses) on equity securities still held	16,616		(3,880)		8,373		(5,085)
Total net gains on equity securities	23,556		2,392		22,305		11,058
Available-for-sale debt securities:


Net gains (losses) on debt securities	—		(1,834)		10		7,498
Net gains on investment securities	$	23,556	$	558	$	22,315	$	18,556

The proceeds and gross realized gains and losses on the disposition of securities held in the NDT, SJGS decommissioning trust, and coal mine reclamation trusts are shown in the following table. Realized gains and losses are determined by specific identification of costs of securities sold. Gross realized losses shown below exclude the (increase)/decrease in realized impairment losses of zero for the three and six months ended June 30, 2025 and $1.6 million and $15.0 million for the three and six months ended June 30, 2024.


	Three Months Ended				Six Months Ended
	June 30,				June 30,
	2025		2024		2025		2024
	(In thousands)
Proceeds from sales	$	108,625	$	110,240	$	198,728	$	412,750
Gross realized gains	7,859		7,549		15,541		21,228
Gross realized (losses)	(919)		(4,661)		(1,609)		(12,573)

At June 30, 2025, the available-for-sale debt securities held by PNM, had the following final maturities:


	Fair Value
	(In thousands)
Within 1 year	$	40,966
After 1 year through 5 years	9,554




	$	50,520

Fair Value Disclosures

The Company determines the fair values of its derivative and other financial instruments based on the hierarchy that requires an entity to maximize the use of observable inputs and minimize the use of unobservable inputs when measuring fair value. There are three levels of inputs that may be used to measure fair value. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or liabilities that the reporting entity has the ability to access at the measurement date. Level 2 inputs are inputs other than quoted prices included within Level 1 that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly. Level 3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability.

For investment securities, Level 2 fair values are provided by fund managers utilizing a pricing service. For Level 2 fair values, the pricing provider predominantly uses the market approach using bid side market values based upon a hierarchy of information for specific securities or securities with similar characteristics. Fair values of Level 2 investments in mutual funds are equal to NAV. For commodity derivatives, Level 2 fair values are determined based on market observable inputs, which are validated using multiple broker quotes, including forward price, volatility, and interest rate curves to establish expectations of future prices. Credit valuation adjustments are made for estimated credit losses based on the overall exposure to each counterparty. For the Company’s long-term debt, Level 2 fair values are provided by an external pricing service. The pricing service primarily utilizes quoted prices for similar debt in active markets when determining fair value. Management of the Company independently verifies the information provided by pricing services. Uncategorized investments include common/collective investment trusts and real estate funds which are measured at NAV at the end of each reporting period. Financial statements are received for each fund and reviewed by the Company quarterly with audited financial statements received and reviewed on an annual basis. Fair value for these funds is measured using a practical expedient provided under GAAP that allows the NAV per share to be used as fair value for investments in certain entities that do not have readily determinable fair values and are considered to be investment companies. Investments valued using this practical expedient are not required to be presented within the GAAP fair value hierarchy.

Items recorded at fair value by PNM on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are presented below by level of the fair value hierarchy along with gross unrealized gains on investments in available-for-sale debt securities:


			GAAP Fair Value Hierarchy
	Total		Quoted Prices in Active Markets for Identical Assets (Level 1)		Significant Other Observable Inputs (Level 2)		Unrealized Gains
	(In thousands)
June 30, 2025
Cash and cash equivalents	$	33,831	$	33,831	$	—
Equity securities:
Corporate stocks, common	145,610		145,610		—

Mutual funds and other	196,710		196,710		—

Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government	41,173		41,173		—		$	325


Corporate and other	9,347		—		9,347		165
Investments categorized within the fair value hierarchy	$	426,671	$	417,324	$	9,347	$	490
Uncategorized collective investment trust	43,442
Uncategorized real estate fund	16,920
Total investment securities	$	487,033



December 31, 2024

Cash and cash equivalents	$	150,745	$	150,745	$	—
Equity securities:
Corporate stocks, common	134,553		134,553		—

Mutual funds and other	135,779		135,779		—
Available-for-sale debt securities:
U.S. government	25,148		25,148		—		$	202


Corporate and other	7,196		—		7,196		122
Investments categorized within the fair value hierarchy	$	453,421	$	446,225	$	7,196	$	324
Uncategorized collective investment trust	22,103
Total investment securities	$	475,524

The carrying amounts and fair values of long-term debt, all of which are considered Level 2 fair value measurements and are not recorded at fair value on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets, are presented below:



	Carrying Amount		Fair Value
June 30, 2025	(In thousands)
TXNM	$	5,199,237	$	5,231,061


PNM	2,846,402		2,719,072


TNMP	1,604,722		1,586,972


December 31, 2024
TXNM	$	4,923,368	$	4,706,076


PNM	2,459,592		2,284,362


TNMP	1,464,079		1,324,194

The carrying amount and fair value of the Company’s other investments presented on the Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets are not material and not shown in the above table.