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INCOME TAXES | 12 Months Ended
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Dec. 26, 2020
INCOME TAXES | J.INCOME TAXES Income tax provisions for the years ended December 26, 2020, December 28, 2019, and December 29, 2018 are summarized as follows (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 | ​ | 2019 |  | 2018
Currently Payable: |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |
Federal | ​ | $ | 59,055 | ​ | $ | 35,267 | ​ | $ | 31,492
State and local | ​ |  | 16,709 | ​ |  | 10,071 | ​ |  | 7,544
Foreign | ​ |  | 8,601 | ​ |  | 5,834 | ​ |  | 5,527
​ | ​ |  | 84,365 | ​ |  | 51,172 | ​ |  | 44,563
Net Deferred: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Federal | ​ |  | 2,292 | ​ |  | 6,895 | ​ |  | 2,965
State and local | ​ |  | (1,518) | ​ |  | 805 | ​ |  | (522)
Foreign | ​ |  | 1,962 | ​ |  | (602) | ​ |  | (1,565)
​ | ​ |  | 2,736 | ​ |  | 7,098 | ​ |  | 878
Total income tax expense | ​ | $ | 87,101 | ​ | $ | 58,270 | ​ | $ | 45,441
​ The components of earnings before income taxes consist of the following: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018
U.S. | ​ | $ | 308,167 | ​ | $ | 220,532 | ​ | $ | 180,261
Foreign | ​ |  | 32,816 | ​ |  | 20,142 | ​ |  | 17,592
Total | ​ | $ | 340,983 | ​ | $ | 240,674 | ​ | $ | 197,853
​ The effective income tax rates are different from the statutory federal income tax rates for the following reasons: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019 |  | 2018 |
Statutory federal income tax rate |  | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | % | 21.0 | %
State and local taxes (net of federal benefits) |  | 3.4 |  | 3.9 |  | 3.8 | ​
Effect of noncontrolling owned interest in earnings of partnerships |  | n/a |  | (0.1) |  | (0.1) | ​
Tax credits, including foreign tax credit |  | (0.9) |  | (1.3) |  | (1.6) | ​
Change in uncertain tax positions reserve |  | (0.1) |  | (0.1) |  | 0.1 | ​
Other permanent differences |  | 0.6 |  | 0.5 |  | 0.6 | ​
Other, net |  | 1.5 |  | 0.3 |  | (0.7) | ​
Impact of Tax Act and reduction of corporate tax rate | ​ | n/a | ​ | n/a | ​ | (0.1) | ​
Effective income tax rate |  | 25.5 | % | 24.2 | % | 23.0 | %
​ Temporary differences which give rise to deferred income tax assets and (liabilities) on December 26, 2020 and December 28, 2019 are as follows (in thousands):
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | 2020 |  | 2019
Employee benefits | ​ | $ | 23,236 | ​ | $ | 22,420
Lease liability | ​ | ​ | 19,376 | ​ | ​ | 20,255
Net operating loss carryforwards | ​ |  | 6,463 | ​ |  | 6,411
Foreign subsidiary capital loss carryforward | ​ |  | 527 | ​ |  | 519
Other tax credits | ​ |  | 391 | ​ |  | 620
Inventory | ​ |  | 1,633 | ​ |  | 993
Reserves on receivables | ​ |  | 1,630 | ​ |  | 1,266
Accrued expenses | ​ |  | 3,071 | ​ |  | 2,318
Other, net | ​ |  | 8,483 | ​ |  | 3,159
Gross deferred income tax assets | ​ |  | 64,810 | ​ |  | 57,961
Valuation allowance | ​ |  | (4,044) | ​ |  | (2,447)
Deferred income tax assets | ​ |  | 60,766 | ​ |  | 55,514
Depreciation | ​ |  | (41,403) | ​ |  | (34,001)
Intangibles | ​ |  | (22,840) | ​ |  | (21,375)
Right of use assets | ​ | ​ | (19,376) | ​ | ​ | (20,255)
Deferred income tax liabilities | ​ |  | (83,619) | ​ |  | (75,631)
Net deferred income tax liability | ​ | $ | (22,853) | ​ | $ | (20,117)
​ As of December 26, 2020, we had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $6.5 million and state tax credit carryforwards of $0.4 million, which will expire at various dates. The NOL and credit carryforwards expire as follows: ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Net Operating Losses | ​ | Tax Credits
​ |  | U.S. |  | State |  | Foreign |  | U.S. |  | State
2021 - 2025 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 86 | ​ | $ | 535 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 391
2026 - 2030 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 454 | ​ |  | 1,271 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
2031 - 2035 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 961 | ​ |  | 79 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
2036 - 2040 | ​ |  | 1,405 | ​ |  | 1,048 | ​ |  | 92 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Thereafter | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | 532 | ​ |  | — | ​ |  | —
Total | ​ | $ | 1,405 | ​ | $ | 2,549 | ​ | $ | 2,509 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 391
​ As of December 26, 2020, we believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $3.5 million against the various NOLs. Furthermore, there is a valuation allowance of $0.5 million against a capital loss carryforward we have for a wholly-owned subsidiary, UFP Canada, Inc. Based upon the business activity and the nature of the assets of this subsidiary, our ability to realize a future benefit from this carryforward is doubtful. The capital loss has an unlimited carryforward and therefore will not expire unless there is a change in control of the subsidiary.

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- Definition The entire disclosure for income taxes. Disclosures may include net deferred tax liability or asset recognized in an enterprise's statement of financial position, net change during the year in the total valuation allowance, approximate tax effect of each type of temporary difference and carryforward that gives rise to a significant portion of deferred tax liabilities and deferred tax assets, utilization of a tax carryback, and tax uncertainties information. + References Reference 1: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 21 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32857-109319 Reference 2: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (SAB Topic 11.C) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330215-122817 Reference 3: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 17 -Subparagraph (b) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32809-109319 Reference 4: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section S99 -Paragraph 1 -Subparagraph (SAB TOPIC 6.I.5.Q1) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=116825942&loc=d3e330036-122817 Reference 5: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 10 -Section 50 -Paragraph 14 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=84230637&loc=d3e32705-109319 Reference 6: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 270 -Section 50 -Paragraph 1 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424409&loc=d3e44925-109338 Reference 7: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -URI http://asc.fasb.org/topic&trid=2144680 Reference 8: http://www.xbrl.org/2003/role/disclosureRef -Publisher FASB -Name Accounting Standards Codification -Topic 740 -SubTopic 30 -Section 50 -Paragraph 2 -Subparagraph (a) -URI http://asc.fasb.org/extlink&oid=6424122&loc=d3e41874-109331 + Details
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