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INCOME TAXES
12 Months Ended
Dec. 31, 2022
INCOME TAXES

J.INCOME TAXES

Income tax provisions for the years ended December 31, 2022, December 25, 2021, and December 26, 2020 are summarized as follows (in thousands):

    

2022

2021

    

2020

Currently Payable:

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal

$

181,029

$

115,077

$

59,055

State and local

 

44,646

 

30,441

 

16,709

Foreign

 

17,336

 

21,095

 

8,601

 

243,011

 

166,613

 

84,365

Net Deferred:

 

  

 

  

 

  

Federal

 

(8,561)

 

6,242

 

2,292

State and local

 

(3,657)

 

118

 

(1,518)

Foreign

 

(941)

 

999

 

1,962

 

(13,159)

 

7,359

 

2,736

Total income tax expense

$

229,852

$

173,972

$

87,101

The components of earnings before income taxes consist of the following:

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

U.S.

$

876,071

$

645,316

$

308,167

Foreign

 

58,745

 

81,020

 

32,816

Total

$

934,816

$

726,336

$

340,983

The effective income tax rates are different from the statutory federal income tax rates for the following reasons:

    

2022

    

2021

    

2020

 

Statutory federal income tax rate

 

21.0

%  

21.0

%  

21.0

%

State and local taxes (net of  federal benefits)

 

3.4

 

3.3

 

3.4

Effect of noncontrolling owned interest in earnings of partnerships

 

n/a

 

n/a

 

n/a

Tax credits, including foreign tax credit

 

(0.8)

 

(0.6)

 

(0.9)

Change in uncertain tax positions reserve

 

(0.1)

 

(0.1)

 

(0.1)

Other permanent differences

 

0.1

 

(0.4)

 

0.6

Other, net

 

1.0

 

0.7

 

1.5

Effective income tax rate

 

24.6

%  

23.9

%  

25.5

%

Temporary differences which give rise to deferred income tax assets and (liabilities) on December 31, 2022 and December 25, 2021 are as follows (in thousands):

    

2022

    

2021

Employee benefits

$

37,893

$

27,543

Lease liability

28,746

24,627

Net operating loss carryforwards

 

6,891

 

5,502

Foreign subsidiary capital loss carryforward

 

500

 

527

Other tax credits

 

102

 

450

Inventory

 

3,732

 

2,007

Reserves on receivables

 

3,273

 

1,446

Accrued expenses

 

6,791

 

5,735

Other, net

 

10,378

 

5,233

Gross deferred income tax assets

 

98,306

 

73,070

Valuation allowance

 

(4,618)

 

(3,952)

Deferred income tax assets

 

93,688

 

69,118

Depreciation

 

(69,711)

 

(64,387)

Intangibles

 

(43,643)

 

(38,367)

Right of use assets

(27,849)

(23,866)

Deferred income tax liabilities

 

(141,203)

 

(126,620)

Net deferred income tax liability

$

(47,515)

$

(57,502)

As of December 31, 2022, we had federal, state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of $6.9 million and state tax credit carryforwards of $0.1 million, which will expire at various dates.

The NOL and credit carryforwards expire as follows:

Net Operating Losses

Tax Credits

    

U.S.

    

State

    

Foreign

    

U.S.

    

State

2023 - 2027

$

$

42

$

363

$

$

2028 - 2032

 

230

1,406

 

 

2033 - 2037

 

1,696

255

 

 

102

2038 - 2042

 

499

1,804

 

 

Thereafter

 

594

 

 

Total

$

499

$

3,772

$

2,618

$

$

102

As of December 31, 2022, we believe that it is more likely than not that the benefit from certain state and foreign NOL carryforwards will not be realized. In recognition of this risk, we have provided a valuation allowance of $4.1 million against the various NOLs. Furthermore, there is a valuation allowance of $0.5 million against a capital loss carryforward we have for a wholly-owned subsidiary, UFP Canada, Inc. Based upon the business activity and the nature of the assets of this subsidiary, our ability to realize a future benefit from this carryforward is doubtful. The capital loss has an unlimited carryforward and therefore will not expire unless there is a change in control of the subsidiary.