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Table of Contents

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UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

FORM 10-Q

​ | ​
☒ | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

For the quarterly period ended March 30, 2024

OR

​ | ​
☐ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

Commission File Number 0-22684

UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Michigan |  | 38-1465835 | ​
​ | (State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or | ​ | (I.R.S. Employer Identification Number) | ​
​ | organization) | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | 2801 East Beltline NE, Grand Rapids, Michigan | ​ | 49525 | ​
​ | (Address of principal executive offices) | ​ | (Zip Code) | ​

​

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code (616) 364-6161

​ | ​ | ​
​ | NONE | ​
​ | (Former name or former address, if changed since last report.) | ​ ​
​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically every Interactive Data File required to be submitted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T (§232.405 of this chapter) during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit such files). Yes ⌧ No ◻

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, a smaller reporting company, or an emerging growth company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated filer”, “smaller reporting company”, and “emerging growth company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Large Accelerated Filer ⌧ | Accelerated Filer ◻ | Non-Accelerated Filer ◻ | Smaller Reporting Company ☐
​ | ​ | ​ | Emerging Growth Company ☐

If an emerging growth company, indicate by check mark if the registrant has elected not to use the extended transition period for complying with a new or revised financial accounting standards provided pursuant to Section 13(a) of the Exchange Act. ☐

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined by Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ☐ No ⌧

Indicate the number of shares outstanding of each of the issuer’s classes of common stock, as of the latest practicable date:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Class |  | Outstanding as of March 30, 2024 | ​
​ | Common stock, $1 par value | ​ | 61,753,899 | ​

​

​ | ​ | ​
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
Title of Each Class | Trading Symbol | Name of Each Exchange On Which Registered
Common Stock, no par value | UFPI | The Nasdaq Stock Market, LLC

​

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​ | ​

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Table of Contents

UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

​

TABLE OF CONTENTS

PART I. | ​ | FINANCIAL INFORMATION. | Page No.
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 1. | Financial Statements | 3
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheets at March 30, 2024, December 30, 2023 and April 1, 2023 | 3
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings and Comprehensive Income for the Three Months Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 | 4
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Shareholders’ Equity for the Three Months Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 | 5
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Condensed Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows for the Three Months Ended March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023 | 6
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Notes to Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements | 7
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 2. | Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 18
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 3. | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 32
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 4. | Controls and Procedures | 33
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
PART II. | ​ | OTHER INFORMATION | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 1. | Legal Proceedings – NONE | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 1A. | Risk Factors - NONE | 33
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 2. | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 33
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 3. | Defaults upon Senior Securities – NONE | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 4. | Mine Safety Disclosures – NONE | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 5. | Other Information | 33
​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Item 6. | Exhibits | 34

​

​

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UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

​

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands, except share data) | ​ | March 30, | ​ | December 30, | ​ | April 1, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023 | ​
ASSETS | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
CURRENT ASSETS: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents | ​ | $ | 979,746 |  | $ | 1,118,329 |  | $ | 423,299 | ​
Restricted cash | ​ |  | 761 | ​ |  | 3,927 |  |  | 761 | ​
Investments | ​ |  | 36,978 | ​ |  | 34,745 |  |  | 37,534 | ​
Accounts receivable, net | ​ |  | 713,414 | ​ |  | 549,499 |  |  | 809,389 | ​
Inventories: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Raw materials | ​ |  | 410,959 | ​ |  | 352,785 |  |  | 425,835 | ​
Finished goods | ​ |  | 334,336 | ​ |  | 375,003 |  |  | 534,503 | ​
Total inventories | ​ |  | 745,295 | ​ |  | 727,788 |  |  | 960,338 | ​
Refundable income taxes | ​ |  | 2,185 | ​ |  | 29,327 |  |  | — | ​
Other current assets | ​ |  | 36,036 | ​ |  | 38,474 |  |  | 35,692 | ​
TOTAL CURRENT ASSETS | ​ |  | 2,514,415 | ​ |  | 2,502,089 | ​ |  | 2,267,013 | ​
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 3,595 | ​ |  | 4,228 |  |  | 4,194 | ​
RESTRICTED INVESTMENTS | ​ | ​ | 29,119 | ​ |  | 24,838 |  |  | 22,267 | ​
RIGHT OF USE ASSETS | ​ | ​ | 128,846 | ​ | ​ | 103,774 | ​ | ​ | 116,564 | ​
OTHER ASSETS | ​ |  | 96,977 | ​ |  | 87,438 |  |  | 99,516 | ​
GOODWILL | ​ |  | 335,596 | ​ |  | 336,313 |  |  | 337,467 | ​
INDEFINITE-LIVED INTANGIBLE ASSETS | ​ |  | 7,322 | ​ |  | 7,345 |  |  | 7,336 | ​
OTHER INTANGIBLE ASSETS, NET | ​ |  | 168,209 | ​ |  | 175,195 |  |  | 142,277 | ​
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Property, plant and equipment | ​ | ​ | 1,596,622 | ​ | ​ | 1,559,304 | ​ | ​ | 1,408,360 | ​
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization | ​ |  | (802,062) | ​ |  | (782,727) |  |  | (708,205) | ​
PROPERTY, PLANT AND EQUIPMENT, NET | ​ | ​ | 794,560 | ​ | ​ | 776,577 | ​ | ​ | 700,155 | ​
TOTAL ASSETS | ​ | ​ | 4,078,639 | ​ | ​ | 4,017,797 | ​ | ​ | 3,696,789 | ​
LIABILITIES AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
CURRENT LIABILITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Accounts payable | ​ | $ | 254,902 | ​ | $ | 203,055 |  | $ | 277,989 | ​
Accrued liabilities: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Compensation and benefits | ​ |  | 133,513 | ​ |  | 232,331 |  |  | 142,603 | ​
Income taxes | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 1,855 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 66,032 | ​ |  | 66,713 |  |  | 77,054 | ​
Current portion of lease liability | ​ | ​ | 26,520 | ​ | ​ | 22,977 | ​ | ​ | 27,838 | ​
Current portion of long-term debt | ​ |  | 44,051 | ​ |  | 42,900 |  |  | 3,020 | ​
TOTAL CURRENT LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 525,018 | ​ |  | 567,976 |  |  | 530,359 | ​
LONG-TERM DEBT | ​ |  | 233,046 | ​ |  | 233,534 |  |  | 275,002 | ​
LEASE LIABILITY | ​ | ​ | 106,231 | ​ | ​ | 84,885 | ​ | ​ | 92,182 | ​
DEFERRED INCOME TAXES | ​ |  | 44,726 | ​ |  | 45,248 |  |  | 51,254 | ​
OTHER LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 34,140 | ​ |  | 35,934 |  |  | 35,550 | ​
TOTAL LIABILITIES | ​ |  | 943,161 | ​ |  | 967,577 |  |  | 984,347 | ​
TEMPORARY EQUITY: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Redeemable noncontrolling interest | ​ | $ | 19,383 | ​ | $ | 20,030 | ​ | $ | 6,801 | ​
SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Controlling interest shareholders’ equity: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​
Preferred stock, no par value; shares authorized 1,000,000; issued and outstanding, none | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | — | ​
Common stock, $1 par value; shares authorized 160,000,000; issued and outstanding, 61,753,899, 61,621,004, and 62,095,570 | ​ |  | 61,754 | ​ |  | 61,621 |  |  | 62,096 | ​
Additional paid-in capital | ​ |  | 362,231 | ​ |  | 354,702 |  |  | 325,730 | ​
Retained earnings | ​ |  | 2,664,081 | ​ |  | 2,582,332 |  |  | 2,293,025 | ​
Accumulated other comprehensive loss | ​ |  | (307) | ​ |  | 1,106 |  |  | (5,074) | ​
Total controlling interest shareholders’ equity | ​ |  | 3,087,759 | ​ |  | 2,999,761 |  |  | 2,675,777 | ​
Noncontrolling interest | ​ |  | 28,336 | ​ |  | 30,429 |  |  | 29,864 | ​
TOTAL SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ |  | 3,116,095 | ​ |  | 3,030,190 |  |  | 2,705,641 | ​
TOTAL LIABILITIES, TEMPORARY EQUITY AND SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY | ​ | $ | 4,078,639 | ​ | $ | 4,017,797 |  | $ | 3,696,789 | ​

See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

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UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

​

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF EARNINGS

AND COMPREHENSIVE INCOME

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands, except per share data) | Three Months Ended | ​
​ | March 30, | ​ | April 1, | ​
​ | 2024 |  | 2023 |
NET SALES | $ | 1,638,966 |  | $ | 1,822,476 |
COST OF GOODS SOLD |  | 1,312,888 | ​ |  | 1,464,147 | ​
GROSS PROFIT |  | 326,078 | ​ |  | 358,329 | ​
SELLING, GENERAL AND ADMINISTRATIVE EXPENSES |  | 192,059 | ​ |  | 194,683 | ​
OTHER LOSSES (GAINS), NET | ​ | 196 | ​ | ​ | 1,938 | ​
EARNINGS FROM OPERATIONS |  | 133,823 | ​ |  | 161,708 | ​
INTEREST EXPENSE |  | 3,136 | ​ |  | 3,118 | ​
INTEREST AND INVESTMENT INCOME |  | (16,493) | ​ |  | (6,547) | ​
EQUITY IN LOSS OF INVESTEE | ​ | 594 | ​ | ​ | 588 | ​
INTEREST AND OTHER |  | (12,763) | ​ |  | (2,841) | ​
EARNINGS BEFORE INCOME TAXES |  | 146,586 | ​ |  | 164,549 | ​
INCOME TAXES |  | 25,487 | ​ |  | 38,971 | ​
NET EARNINGS |  | 121,099 | ​ |  | 125,578 | ​
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST |  | (308) | ​ |  | 491 | ​
NET EARNINGS ATTRIBUTABLE TO CONTROLLING INTEREST | $ | 120,791 | ​ | $ | 126,069 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
EARNINGS PER SHARE – BASIC | $ | 1.96 | ​ | $ | 2.01 | ​
EARNINGS PER SHARE – DILUTED | $ | 1.96 | ​ | $ | 1.98 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
NET EARNINGS |  | 121,099 | ​ |  | 125,578 | ​
OTHER COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS) |  | (1,130) | ​ |  | 6,252 | ​
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME |  | 119,969 | ​ |  | 131,830 | ​
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO NONCONTROLLING INTEREST |  | (591) | ​ |  | (1,760) | ​
COMPREHENSIVE INCOME ATTRIBUTABLE TO CONTROLLING INTEREST | $ | 119,378 | ​ | $ | 130,070 | ​

​

See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

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UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF SHAREHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | ​ | Controlling Interest Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Paid-In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Noncontrolling | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Temporary
​ |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Earnings |  | Interest (NCI) |  | Total |  | Equity
Balance on December 30, 2023 | ​ | $ | 61,621 | ​ | $ | 354,702 |  | $ | 2,582,332 | ​ | $ | 1,106 |  | $ | 30,429 |  | $ | 3,030,190 | ​ | $ | 20,030
Net earnings (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 120,791 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 622 | ​ | ​ | 121,413 | ​ |  | (314)
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (1,419) | ​ | ​ | 616 | ​ | ​ | (803) | ​ |  | (333)
Unrealized loss on debt securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ |  | ​
Distributions to NCI | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (3,331) | ​ | ​ | (3,331) | ​ |  | ​
Cash dividends - $0.33 per share - quarterly | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (20,411) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (20,411) | ​ |  | ​
Issuance of 6,251 shares under employee stock purchase plan | ​ |  | 6 | ​ | ​ | 648 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 654 | ​ |  | ​
Issuance of 369,012 shares under stock grant programs | ​ |  | 369 | ​ | ​ | 5,829 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 6,198 | ​ |  | ​
Issuance of 76,927 shares under deferred compensation plans | ​ |  | 77 | ​ | ​ | (77) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ |  | ​
Repurchase of 319,295 shares | ​ |  | (319) | ​ | ​ | (17,686) | ​ | ​ | (18,631) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (36,636) | ​ |  | ​
Expense associated with share-based compensation arrangements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,194 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 11,194 | ​ |  | ​
Accrued expense under deferred compensation plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,621 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,621 | ​ |  | ​
Balance on March 30, 2024 | ​ | $ | 61,754 | ​ | $ | 362,231 | ​ | $ | 2,664,081 | ​ | $ | (307) | ​ | $ | 28,336 | ​ | $ | 3,116,095 | ​ | $ | 19,383

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands, except share and per share data) | ​ | Controlling Interest Shareholders’ Equity | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Additional | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Accumulated Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Common | ​ | Paid-In | ​ | Retained | ​ | Comprehensive | ​ | Noncontrolling | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Temporary
​ |  | Stock |  | Capital |  | Earnings |  | Earnings |  | Interest (NCI) |  | Total |  | Equity
Balance on December 31, 2022 | ​ | $ | 61,618 | ​ | $ | 294,029 | ​ | $ | 2,217,410 | ​ | $ | (9,075) | ​ | $ | 32,841 |  | $ | 2,596,823 | ​ | $ | 6,880
Net earnings (loss) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 126,069 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (313) |  |  | 125,756 | ​ | ​ | (178)
Foreign currency translation adjustment | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 3,850 | ​ | ​ | 2,195 |  |  | 6,045 | ​ | ​ | 56
Unrealized loss on debt securities | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 151 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 151 | ​ | ​ | ​
Distributions to NCI | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (4,859) | ​ |  | (4,859) | ​ | ​ | ​
Other | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 43
Cash dividends - $0.25 per share - quarterly | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (15,642) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | (15,642) | ​ | ​ | ​
Issuance of 10,140 shares under employee stock purchase plan | ​ |  | 10 | ​ | ​ | 675 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | 685 | ​ | ​ | ​
Issuance of 824,669 shares under stock grant programs | ​ |  | 825 | ​ | ​ | 14,356 | ​ | ​ | 6 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  |  | 15,187 | ​ | ​ | ​
Issuance of 93,165 shares under deferred compensation plans | ​ |  | 93 | ​ | ​ | (93) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | ​
Repurchase of 450,597 shares | ​ |  | (450) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | (34,818) | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | (35,268) | ​ | ​ | ​
Expense associated with share-based compensation arrangements | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,598 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 9,598 | ​ | ​ | ​
Accrued expense under deferred compensation plans | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | 7,165 | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | 7,165 | ​ | ​ | ​
Balance on April 1, 2023 | ​ | $ | 62,096 | ​ | $ | 325,730 |  | $ | 2,293,025 | ​ | $ | (5,074) |  | $ | 29,864 |  | $ | 2,705,641 | ​ | $ | 6,801

See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

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UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(Unaudited)

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
(in thousands) | ​ | Three Months Ended
​ | ​ | March 30, | ​ | April 1,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
CASH FLOWS USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Net earnings | ​ | $ | 121,099 |  | $ | 125,578
Adjustments to reconcile net earnings to net cash used in operating activities: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Depreciation | ​ |  | 30,019 | ​ |  | 25,774
Amortization of intangibles | ​ |  | 5,882 | ​ |  | 5,009
Expense associated with share-based and grant compensation arrangements | ​ |  | 11,277 | ​ |  | 9,637
Deferred income taxes | ​ |  | 119 | ​ |  | (242)
Unrealized gain on investments and other | ​ |  | (2,130) | ​ |  | (149)
Equity in loss of investee | ​ | ​ | 594 | ​ | ​ | 588
Net gain on sale and disposition of assets | ​ |  | (231) | ​ |  | (164)
Changes in: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Accounts receivable | ​ |  | (164,613) | ​ |  | (191,064)
Inventories | ​ |  | (17,788) | ​ |  | 14,674
Accounts payable and cash overdraft | ​ |  | 52,264 | ​ |  | 68,388
Accrued liabilities and other | ​ |  | (53,290) | ​ |  | (95,105)
NET CASH USED IN OPERATING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (16,798) | ​ |  | (37,076)
CASH FLOWS USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Purchases of property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | (49,148) | ​ |  | (38,166)
Proceeds from sale of property, plant and equipment | ​ |  | 1,344 | ​ |  | 319
Purchases of investments | ​ |  | (9,352) | ​ |  | (11,709)
Proceeds from sale of investments | ​ |  | 4,300 | ​ |  | 8,849
Other | ​ |  | (3,206) | ​ |  | (1,151)
NET CASH USED IN INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (56,062) | ​ |  | (41,858)
CASH FLOWS USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Borrowings under revolving credit facilities | ​ |  | 5,100 | ​ |  | 4,437
Repayments under revolving credit facilities | ​ |  | (4,278) | ​ |  | (4,518)
Repayments of debt | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (29)
Repayment of debt on behalf of investee | ​ | ​ | (6,303) | ​ | ​ | —
Contingent consideration payments and other | ​ | ​ | (3,779) | ​ | ​ | (6,179)
Proceeds from issuance of common stock | ​ |  | 654 | ​ |  | 685
Dividends paid to shareholders | ​ |  | (20,411) | ​ |  | (15,642)
Distributions to noncontrolling interest | ​ | ​ | (3,331) | ​ | ​ | (4,859)
Payments to taxing authorities in connection with shares directly withheld from employees | ​ | ​ | (17,838) | ​ | ​ | —
Repurchase of common stock | ​ |  | (18,798) | ​ |  | (33,288)
Other | ​ |  | 16 | ​ |  | 25
NET CASH USED IN FINANCING ACTIVITIES | ​ |  | (68,968) | ​ |  | (59,368)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | ​ |  | 79 | ​ |  | 2,739
NET CHANGE IN CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS | ​ |  | (141,749) | ​ |  | (135,563)
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, BEGINNING OF YEAR | ​ |  | 1,122,256 | ​ |  | 559,623
CASH, CASH EQUIVALENTS, AND RESTRICTED CASH, END OF PERIOD | ​ | $ | 980,507 | ​ | $ | 424,060
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
RECONCILIATION OF CASH AND CASH EQUIVALENTS AND RESTRICTED CASH: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 1,118,329 | ​ | $ | 559,397
Restricted cash, beginning of period | ​ | ​ | 3,927 | ​ | ​ | 226
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | ​ | $ | 1,122,256 | ​ | $ | 559,623
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Cash and cash equivalents, end of period | ​ | $ | 979,746 | ​ | $ | 423,299
Restricted cash, end of period | ​ | ​ | 761 | ​ | ​ | 761
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | ​ | $ | 980,507 | ​ | $ | 424,060
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
SUPPLEMENTAL INFORMATION: | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Interest paid | ​ | $ | 3,099 | ​ | $ | 3,309
Income taxes paid | ​ |  | 1,778 | ​ |  | 4,138
NON-CASH INVESTING ACTIVITIES | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Capital expenditures included in accounts payable | ​ |  | 3,351 | ​ |  | 3,122
NON-CASH FINANCING ACTIVITIES: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Common stock issued under deferred compensation plans | ​ | $ | 8,616 | ​ | $ | 7,950

See notes to consolidated condensed financial statements.

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UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.

​

NOTES TO UNAUDITED

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

A. BASIS OF PRESENTATION

The accompanying unaudited interim consolidated condensed financial statements (the “Financial Statements”) include our accounts and those of our wholly-owned and majority-owned subsidiaries and partnerships, and have been prepared pursuant to the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Accordingly, the Financial Statements do not include all the information and footnotes normally included in the annual consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America. All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

We consolidate entities in which we have a controlling financial interest. In determining whether we have a controlling financial interest in a partially owned entity and the requirement to consolidate the accounts of that entity, we consider factors such as ownership interest, board representation, management representation, authority to make decisions, and contractual and substantive participating rights of the partners/members as well as whether the entity is a variable interest entity (“VIE”) and whether we are the primary beneficiary. The primary beneficiary of a VIE is the entity that has (i) the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the entity's economic performance and (ii) the obligation to absorb losses of the VIE or the right to receive benefits from the VIE that could be significant to the VIE. The primary beneficiary is required to consolidate the VIE. We account for unconsolidated VIEs using the equity method of accounting.

As a result of the investment in Dempsey on June 27, 2022, we own 50% of the issued equity of that entity, and the remaining 50% of the issued equity is owned by the previous owners (“Sellers”). The investment in Dempsey is an unconsolidated variable interest entity and we have accounted for it using the equity method of accounting because we do not have a controlling financial interest in the entity. Per the contracts, the Sellers have a put right to sell their equity interest to us for $50 million and we have a call right to purchase the Seller’s equity interest for $70 million, which are both first exercisable in June 2025 and expire in June 2030. As of March 30, 2024, the carrying value of our investment in Dempsey is $60.3 million and is recorded in Other Assets. Our maximum exposure to loss consists of our investment amount and any contingent loss that may occur in the future as a result of a change in the fair value of Dempsey relative to the strike price of the put option.

In our opinion, the Financial Statements contain all material adjustments necessary to present fairly our consolidated financial position, results of operations and cash flows for the interim periods presented. All such adjustments are of a normal recurring nature. These Financial Statements should be read in conjunction with the annual consolidated financial statements, and footnotes thereto, included in our Annual Report to Shareholders on Form 10-K for the fiscal year ended December 30, 2023.

Seasonality has a significant impact on our working capital from March to August, which historically results in negative or modest cash flows from operations in our first and second quarters. Conversely, we experience a substantial decrease in working capital from September to February which typically results in significant cash flow from operations in our third and fourth quarters. For comparative purposes, we have included the April 1, 2023 balances in the accompanying unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheets.

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In December 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-09, "Income Taxes (Topic 740): Improvements to Income Tax Disclosures," which is intended to enhance the transparency, decision usefulness and effectiveness of income tax disclosures. The amendments in this ASU require a public entity to disclose a tabular tax rate reconciliation, using both percentages and currency, with specific categories. A public entity is also required to provide a qualitative description of the states and local jurisdictions that make up the majority of the effect of the state and local income tax category and the net amount of income taxes paid, disaggregated by federal, state and foreign taxes and also disaggregated by individual jurisdictions. The amendments also remove certain disclosures that are no longer considered cost beneficial. The amendments are effective prospectively for annual periods beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption and retrospective application are permitted. Although the ASU only modifies our required income tax disclosures, we are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

In November 2023, the FASB issued ASU 2023-07, "Segment Reporting (Topic 280): Improvements to Reportable Segment Disclosures," which is intended to improve reportable segment disclosure requirements, primarily through enhanced disclosures about significant segment expenses, allowing financial statement users to better understand the components of a segment's profit or loss to assess potential future cash flows for each reportable segment and the entity as a whole. The amendments expand a public entity's segment disclosures by requiring disclosure of significant segment expenses that are regularly provided to the chief operating decision maker ("CODM"), clarifying when an entity may report one or more additional measures to assess segment performance, requiring enhanced interim disclosures, providing new disclosure requirements for entities with a single reportable segment, and requiring other new disclosures. The amendments are effective for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2023, and interim periods within fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2024, and early adoption is permitted. Although the ASU only requires additional disclosures about the Company's operating segments, we are currently evaluating the impact of adopting this guidance on the consolidated financial statements.

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B. FAIR VALUE

We apply the provisions of ASC 820, Fair Value Measurements and Disclosures, to assets and liabilities measured at fair value. Assets measured at fair value are as follows (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 30, 2024 | ​ | December 30, 2023
​ | ​ | Quoted | ​ | Prices with | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Quoted | ​ | Prices with | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Prices in | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | Prices with | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Prices in | ​ | Other | ​ | ​ | Prices with | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Active | ​ | Observable | ​ | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Active | ​ | Observable | ​ | ​ | Unobservable | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Markets | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | Inputs | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | ​ | (Level 3) | ​ | Total |  | (Level 1) |  | (Level 2) |  | ​ | (Level 3) |  | Total
Money market funds | ​ | $ | 179,400 | ​ | $ | 7,036 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 186,436 |  | $ | 492,800 |  | $ | 6,133 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 498,933
Fixed income funds | ​ |  | 5,159 | ​ | ​ | 21,724 | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 26,883 | ​ |  | 5,112 | ​ |  | 18,976 | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 24,088
Treasury securities | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 344
Equity securities | ​ |  | 17,439 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 15,000 |  |  | 32,439 | ​ |  | 16,411 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | 10,500 |  |  | 26,911
Alternative investments | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,030 | ​ | ​ | 4,030 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 4,052 | ​ | ​ | 4,052
Mutual funds: | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​ | ​
Domestic stock funds | ​ |  | 14,514 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 14,514 | ​ |  | 13,330 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 13,330
International stock funds | ​ |  | 540 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 540 | ​ |  | 509 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 509
Target funds | ​ |  | 9 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 9 | ​ |  | 9 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 9
Bond funds | ​ |  | 5 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 5 | ​ |  | 5 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 5
Alternative funds | ​ | ​ | 489 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 489 | ​ | ​ | 474 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 474
Total mutual funds | ​ |  | 15,557 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 15,557 | ​ |  | 14,327 | ​ |  | — | ​ | ​ | — |  |  | 14,327
Total | ​ | $ | 217,899 | ​ | $ | 28,760 | ​ | $ | 19,030 | ​ | $ | 265,689 | ​ | $ | 528,994 | ​ | $ | 25,109 | ​ | $ | 14,552 | ​ | $ | 568,655

​

From the assets measured at fair value as of March 30, 2024, listed in the table above, $184.6 million of money market funds are held in Cash and Cash Equivalents, $37.0 million of mutual funds, equity securities, and alternative investments are held in Investments, $15.0 million of equity securities are held in Other Assets, $0.1 million of money market and mutual funds are held in Other Assets for our deferred compensation plan, and $27.2 million of fixed income funds and $1.8 million of money market funds are held in Restricted Investments. As of December 30, 2023, $498.5 million of money market funds were held in Cash and Cash Equivalents, $34.8 million of mutual funds, equity securities, and alternative investments were held in Investments, $10.5 million of equity securities were held in Other Assets, $0.1 million of money market and mutual funds were held in Other Assets for our deferred compensation plan, and $24.4 million of fixed income funds and $0.4 million of money market funds were held in Restricted Investments.

We maintain money market, mutual funds, bonds, and/or equity securities in our non-qualified deferred compensation plan, our wholly owned licensed captive insurance company, and assets held in financial institutions. These funds are valued at prices quoted in an active exchange market and are included in “Cash and Cash Equivalents”, “Investments”, “Other Assets”, and “Restricted Investments”. We have elected not to apply the fair value option under ASC 825, Financial Instruments, to any of our financial instruments except for those expressly required by U.S. GAAP.

In accordance with our investment policy, our wholly-owned captive, Ardellis Insurance Ltd. (“Ardellis”), maintains an investment portfolio, totaling $64.2 million and $59.2 million as of March 30, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively, which has been included in the aforementioned table of total investments. This portfolio consists of domestic and international equity securities, alternative investments, and fixed income bonds.

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Ardellis’ available for sale investment portfolio, including funds held with the State of Michigan, consists of the following (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 30, 2024 | ​ | December 30, 2023
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Unrealized | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Cost |  | Gain (Loss) |  | Fair Value |  | Cost |  | Gain (Loss) |  | Fair Value
Fixed income | ​ | $ | 28,266 |  | $ | (1,383) |  | $ | 26,883 | ​ | $ | 25,514 | ​ | $ | (1,426) |  | $ | 24,088
Treasury securities | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | 344 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | 344
Equity | ​ |  | 13,605 | ​ |  | 3,834 |  |  | 17,439 | ​ |  | 13,523 | ​ |  | 2,888 |  | ​ | 16,411
Mutual funds | ​ | ​ | 12,626 | ​ | ​ | 2,883 |  | ​ | 15,509 | ​ | ​ | 12,348 | ​ | ​ | 1,934 |  | ​ | 14,282
Alternative investments | ​ | ​ | 3,239 | ​ | ​ | 791 |  | ​ | 4,030 | ​ | ​ | 3,211 | ​ | ​ | 841 |  | ​ | 4,052
Total | ​ | $ | 58,080 | ​ | $ | 6,125 |  | $ | 64,205 | ​ | $ | 54,940 | ​ | $ | 4,237 |  | $ | 59,177

​

Our fixed income investments consist of a blend of US Government and Agency bonds and investment grade corporate bonds with varying maturities. Our equity investments consist of small, mid, and large cap growth and value funds, as well as international equity. Our mutual fund investments consist of domestic and international stock. Our alternative investments consist of a private real estate income trust which is valued as a Level 3 asset. The net pre-tax unrealized gain of the portfolio was $6.1 million and $4.2 million as of March 30, 2024 and December 30, 2023, respectively. Carrying amounts above are recorded in the Investments and Restricted Investments line items within the balance sheet as of March 30, 2024 and December 30, 2023.

C. REVENUE RECOGNITION

Within the three primary segments, UFP Retail Solutions (“Retail”), UFP Packaging (“Packaging” and formerly known as UFP Industrial) and UFP Construction (“Construction”), that the Company operates, there are a variety of written agreements governing the sale of our products and services. The transaction price is stated at the purchase order level, which includes shipping and/or freight costs and any applicable governmental authority taxes. The majority of our contracts have a single performance obligation concentrated around the delivery of goods to the carrier, Free On Board (FOB) shipping point. Therefore, revenue is recognized when this performance obligation is satisfied. Generally, title and control passes at the time of shipment. In certain circumstances, the customer takes title when the shipment arrives at the destination. However, our shipping process is typically completed the same day.

Certain customer products that we provide require installation by the Company or a third party. Installation revenue is recognized upon completion. If we use a third party for installation, the party will act as an agent to us until completion of the installation. Installation revenue represents an immaterial share of our total net sales.

We utilize rebates, credits, discounts and/or cash-based incentives with certain customers which are accounted for as variable consideration. We estimate these amounts based on the expected amount to be provided to customers and reduce revenues recognized. We believe that there will not be significant changes to our estimates of variable consideration. The allocation of these costs are applied at the invoice level and recognized in conjunction with revenue. Additionally, returns and refunds are estimated on a historical and expected basis which is a reduction of revenue recognized.

Earnings on construction contracts are reflected in operations using over time accounting, under either cost to cost or units of delivery methods, depending on the nature of the business at individual operations, which is in accordance with ASC 606 as revenue is recognized when certain performance obligations are performed. Under over time accounting using the cost to cost method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts are measured by the relationships of actual costs incurred relative to the total estimated costs. Under over time accounting using the units of delivery method, revenues and related earnings on construction contracts are measured by the relationships of actual units produced relative to the total number of units. Revisions in earnings estimates on the construction contracts are recorded in the accounting period in which the basis for such revisions becomes known. Projected losses on individual contracts are charged to operations in their entirety when such losses become apparent.

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Our construction contracts are generally entered into with a fixed price, and completion of the projects can range from 6 to 18 months in duration. Therefore, our operating results are impacted by, among many other things, labor rates and commodity costs. During the year, we update our estimated costs to complete our projects using current labor and commodity costs and recognize losses to the extent that they exist.

The following table presents our net sales disaggregated by revenue source (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ |  | March 30, |  | April 1, |  | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | % Change | ​
Point in Time Revenue | ​ | $ | 1,604,835 | ​ | $ | 1,784,456 |  | (10.1)% | ​
Over Time Revenue | ​ |  | 34,131 | ​ | ​ | 38,020 |  | (10.2)% | ​
Total Net Sales | ​ |  | 1,638,966 | ​ | ​ | 1,822,476 |  | (10.1)% | ​

​

The Construction segment comprises the construction contract revenue shown above. Construction contract revenue is primarily made up of site-built and framing customers.

The following table presents the balances of over time accounting accounts which are included in “Other current assets” and “Accrued liabilities: Other”, respectively (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | March 30, | ​ | December 30, | ​ | April 1, | ​
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |  | 2023 |
Cost and Earnings in Excess of Billings | ​ | $ | 6,592 |  | $ | 3,572 |  | $ | 5,415 |
Billings in Excess of Cost and Earnings | ​ |  | 10,122 | ​ |  | 9,487 |  |  | 10,797 | ​

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D. EARNINGS PER SHARE

The computation of earnings per share (“EPS”) is as follows (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ | March 30, |  | April 1, |
​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​
Numerator: | ​ |  |  | ​ |  |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest | $ | 120,791 | ​ | $ | 126,069 | ​
Adjustment for earnings allocated to non-vested restricted common stock equivalents |  | (4,901) | ​ |  | (5,581) | ​
Net earnings for calculating EPS | $ | 115,890 | ​ | $ | 120,488 | ​
Denominator: |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Weighted average shares outstanding |  | 61,985 | ​ |  | 62,725 | ​
Adjustment for non-vested restricted common stock equivalents |  | (2,809) | ​ |  | (2,777) | ​
Shares for calculating basic EPS |  | 59,176 | ​ |  | 59,948 | ​
Effect of dilutive restricted common stock equivalents |  | 86 | ​ |  | 855 | ​
Shares for calculating diluted EPS |  | 59,262 | ​ |  | 60,803 | ​
Net earnings per share: |  |  | ​ |  |  | ​
Basic | $ | 1.96 | ​ | $ | 2.01 | ​
Diluted | $ | 1.96 | ​ | $ | 1.98 | ​

​

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E. COMMITMENTS, CONTINGENCIES, AND GUARANTEES

We are self-insured for environmental impairment liability, including certain liabilities which are insured through a wholly owned subsidiary, Ardellis Insurance Ltd., a licensed captive insurance company.

In addition, on March 30, 2024, we were parties either as plaintiff or defendant to a number of lawsuits and claims arising through the normal course of our business. In the opinion of management, our consolidated financial statements will not be materially affected by the outcome of these contingencies and claims.

On March 30, 2024, we had outstanding purchase commitments on commenced capital projects of approximately $88.7 million.

We provide a variety of warranties for products we manufacture. Historically, warranty claims have not been material. We also distribute products manufactured by other companies. While we do not warrant these products, we have received claims as a distributor of these products when the manufacturer no longer exists or has the ability to pay. Historically, these costs have not had a material effect on our consolidated financial statements.

As part of our operations, we supply building materials and labor to site-built construction projects or we jointly bid on contracts with framing companies for such projects. In some instances, we are required to post payment and performance bonds to ensure the products and installation services are completed in accordance with our contractual obligations. We have agreed to indemnify the surety for claims properly made against these bonds. As of March 30, 2024, we had approximately $23.4 million in outstanding payment and performance bonds for open projects. We had approximately $6.9 million in payment and performance bonds outstanding for completed projects which are still under warranty.

On March 30, 2024, we had outstanding letters of credit totaling $47.8 million, primarily related to certain insurance contracts, industrial development revenue bonds, and other debt agreements described further below.

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In lieu of cash deposits, we provide irrevocable letters of credit in favor of our insurers and other third parties to guarantee our performance under certain insurance contracts and other legal agreements. As of March 30, 2024, we have irrevocable letters of credit outstanding totaling approximately $44.5 million for these types of arrangements. We have reserves recorded on our balance sheet, in accrued liabilities, that reflect our expected future liabilities under those insurance arrangements.

We are required to provide irrevocable letters of credit in favor of the bond trustees for all industrial development revenue bonds that have been issued. These letters of credit guarantee principal and interest payments to the bondholders. We currently have irrevocable letters of credit outstanding totaling approximately $3.3 million related to our outstanding industrial development revenue bonds. These letters of credit have varying terms but may be renewed at the option of the issuing banks.

Certain wholly owned domestic subsidiaries have guaranteed the indebtedness of UFP Industries, Inc. in certain debt agreements, including the Series 2012, 2018 and 2020 Senior Notes and our revolving credit facility. The maximum exposure of these guarantees is limited to the indebtedness outstanding under these debt arrangements and this exposure will expire concurrent with the expiration of the debt agreements.

We did not enter into any new guarantee arrangements during the first quarter of 2024 which would require us to recognize a liability on our balance sheet.

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F. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

We completed the following business combinations since the end of the first quarter of 2023, which were accounted for using the purchase method. Dollars below are in thousands unless otherwise noted:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | Net | ​
Company | Acquisition | ​ | Intangible | Tangible | Operating
Name | Date | Purchase Price | Assets | Assets | Segment
​ | September 20, 2023 | $52,841 consideration for 80% stock purchase, net of acquired cash | $ | 43,785 | $ | 9,056 | International
UFP Palets y Embalajes SL (UFP Palets) | Headquartered in Castellón, Spain, UFP Palets (formerly known as Palets Suller Group) is the market leader in machine-built wood pallets, serving the region's large ceramic tile industry. The company had trailing 12-month sales of approximately $38 million through August 2023.

​

The purchase accounting valuation of the UFP Palets investment is yet to be finalized. In aggregate, investments completed since the end of the first quarter of 2023 and not consolidated with other operations contributed approximately $5.7 million in net sales and $0.5 million in operating losses during the first three months of 2024.

The business combination mentioned above was not significant to our operating results and thus pro forma results for 2024 and 2023 are not presented.

G. SEGMENT REPORTING

We operate manufacturing, treating and distribution facilities internationally, but primarily in the United States. Our business segments consist of UFP Retail Solutions, UFP Packaging and UFP Construction and align with the end markets we serve. This segment structure allows for a specialized and consistent sales approach among Company operations, efficient use of resources and capital, and quicker introduction of new products and services. We manage the operations of our individual locations primarily through a market-centered reporting structure under which each location is included in a business unit and business units are included in our Retail, Packaging, and Construction segments. In the case of locations that serve multiple segments, results are allocated and accounted for by segment.

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The exception to this market-centered reporting and management structure is our International segment, which comprises our packaging operations in Mexico, Canada, Spain, India, and Australia and sales and buying offices in other parts of the world and our Ardellis segment, which represents our wholly owned fully licensed captive insurance company based in Bermuda. Our International and Ardellis segments do not meet the quantitative thresholds in order to be separately reported and accordingly, the International and Ardellis segments have been aggregated in the “All Other” segment for reporting purposes.

“Corporate” includes purchasing, transportation, corporate ventures, and administrative functions that serve our operating segments. Operating results of Corporate primarily consist of net sales to external customers initiated by UFP Purchasing and UFP Transportation and over (under) allocated costs. The operating results of UFP Real Estate, Inc., which owns and leases real estate, and UFP Transportation Ltd., which owns, leases and operates transportation equipment, are also included in the Corporate column. Inter-company lease and service charges are assessed to our operating segments for the use of these assets and services at fair market value rates. Total assets in the Corporate column include unallocated cash and cash equivalents, certain prepaid assets, certain property, equipment and other assets pertaining to the centralized activities of Corporate, UFP Real Estate, Inc., UFP Transportation, Inc., UFP Purchasing, Inc., and UFP RMS, LLC. The tables below are presented in thousands:

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 30, 2024
​ |  | Retail |  | Packaging |  | Construction |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
Net sales to outside customers | ​ | $ | 628,765 |  | $ | 424,418 | ​ | $ | 517,896 | ​ | $ | 66,947 | ​ | $ | 940 | ​ | $ | 1,638,966
Intersegment net sales | ​ |  | 59,346 | ​ | ​ | 20,926 | ​ | ​ | 20,035 | ​ | ​ | 71,257 | ​ | ​ | (171,564) | ​ |  | —
Earnings from operations | ​ | ​ | 45,980 | ​ | ​ | 31,246 | ​ | ​ | 45,342 | ​ | ​ | 3,873 | ​ | ​ | 7,382 | ​ | ​ | 133,823

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​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended April 1, 2023
​ |  | Retail |  | Packaging |  | Construction |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
Net sales to outside customers | ​ | $ | 761,294 |  | $ | 486,561 | ​ | $ | 515,593 | ​ | $ | 55,795 | ​ | $ | 3,233 | ​ | $ | 1,822,476
Intersegment net sales | ​ |  | 223,325 | ​ | ​ | 20,050 | ​ | ​ | 25,836 | ​ | ​ | 77,487 | ​ | ​ | (346,698) | ​ |  | —
Earnings from operations | ​ | ​ | 40,258 | ​ | ​ | 54,732 | ​ | ​ | 54,248 | ​ | ​ | 4,832 | ​ | ​ | 7,638 | ​ | ​ | 161,708

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Note: As of December 31, 2023, our Pinelli Universal entity was transferred to our Retail segment from our International segment (grouped in All Other) due to changes in our management structure. Prior year figures have been updated to reflect the change for comparability purposes in every applicable table in this filing.

The following table presents goodwill by segment as of March 30, 2024, and December 30, 2023 (in thousands):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Retail |  | Packaging |  | Construction |  | All Other |  | Corporate |  | Total
Balance as of December 30, 2023 |  | $ | 84,204 |  | $ | 141,042 |  | $ | 87,805 |  | $ | 23,262 | ​ | $ | — |  | $ | 336,313
Foreign Exchange, Net |  | ​ | 11 | ​ | ​ | — | ​ | ​ | (113) | ​ | ​ | (615) | ​ | ​ | — |  | ​ | (717)
Balance as of March 30, 2024 | ​ | $ | 84,215 |  | $ | 141,042 | ​ | $ | 87,692 | ​ | $ | 22,647 | ​ | $ | — | ​ | $ | 335,596

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The following table presents total assets by segment as of March 30, 2024, and December 30, 2023 (in thousands).

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Total Assets by Segment
​ | March 30, |  | December 30, |  | ​ | ​
Segment Classification | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​ | % Change
Retail | $ | 966,544 | ​ | $ | 828,798 |  | 16.6 | %
Packaging |  | 794,418 | ​ |  | 798,623 |  | (0.5) | ​
Construction |  | 655,972 | ​ |  | 621,762 |  | 5.5 | ​
All Other | ​ | 310,360 | ​ | ​ | 316,481 | ​ | (1.9) | ​
Corporate | ​ | 1,351,345 | ​ | ​ | 1,452,133 | ​ | (6.9) | ​
Total Assets | $ | 4,078,639 | ​ | $ | 4,017,797 |  | 1.5 | %

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The following table presents our disaggregated net sales (in thousands) by business unit for each segment for the three months ended March 30, 2024, and April 1, 2023 (in thousands).

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | March 30, | ​ | April 1, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 |  | 2023 | ​
Retail | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Deckorators | ​ | $ | 74,135 | ​ | $ | 77,463 | ​
ProWood | ​ |  | 525,961 | ​ |  | 651,000 | ​
UFP Edge | ​ |  | 27,284 | ​ |  | 32,552 | ​
Other | ​ |  | 1,385 | ​ |  | 279 | ​
Total Retail | ​ | $ | 628,765 | ​ | $ | 761,294 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Packaging | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Structural Packaging | ​ | $ | 274,150 | ​ | $ | 328,250 | ​
PalletOne | ​ | ​ | 132,490 | ​ | ​ | 137,570 | ​
Protective Packaging | ​ | ​ | 17,778 | ​ | ​ | 20,741 | ​
Total Packaging | ​ | $ | 424,418 | ​ | $ | 486,561 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Factory Built | ​ | $ | 191,834 | ​ | $ | 167,613 | ​
Site Built | ​ |  | 221,559 | ​ |  | 221,116 | ​
Commercial | ​ | ​ | 61,384 | ​ | ​ | 72,345 | ​
Concrete Forming | ​ |  | 43,119 | ​ |  | 54,519 | ​
Total Construction | ​ | $ | 517,896 | ​ | $ | 515,593 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
All Other | ​ | $ | 66,947 | ​ | $ | 55,795 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Corporate | ​ | $ | 940 | ​ | $ | 3,233 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Total Net Sales | ​ | $ | 1,638,966 | ​ | $ | 1,822,476 | ​

​

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H. INCOME TAXES

Effective tax rates differ from statutory federal income tax rates, primarily due to provisions for foreign, state and local income taxes and permanent tax differences. Our effective tax rate was 17.4% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 23.7% in the same period of 2023. The decrease in our overall effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in our tax deduction from stock-based compensation accounted for as a permanent difference.

​

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I. COMMON STOCK

Below is a summary of common stock issuances for the first three months of 2024 and 2023 (in thousands, except average share price):

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 30, 2024
Share Issuance Activity |  | Common Stock | ​ | ​ | Average Share Price
Shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan | ​ | 6 | ​ | $ | 123.01
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued under the employee stock gift program | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 117.78
Shares issued under the director compensation plan | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 116.27
Shares issued under the LTSIP | ​ | 306 | ​ | ​ | 113.49
Shares issued under the executive stock match plan | ​ | 64 | ​ | ​ | 111.35
Forfeitures | ​ | (3) | ​ | ​ | ​
Total shares issued under stock grant programs | ​ | 369 | ​ | $ | 113.13
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued under the deferred compensation plans | ​ | 77 | ​ | $ | 112.00

​

During the first three months of 2024, we repurchased 319,295 shares of our common stock at an average share price of $114.74.

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | April 1, 2023
Share Issuance Activity |  | Common Stock | ​ | ​ | Average Share Price
Shares issued under the employee stock purchase plan | ​ | 10 | ​ | $ | 79.47
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued under the employee stock gift program | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 90.30
Shares issued under the director retainer stock program | ​ | 1 | ​ | ​ | 96.33
Shares issued under the LTSIP | ​ | 756 | ​ | ​ | 86.14
Shares issued under the executive stock grants plan | ​ | 75 | ​ | ​ | 85.89
Forfeitures | ​ | (8) | ​ | ​ | ​
Total shares issued under stock grant programs | ​ | 825 | ​ | $ | 86.12
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Shares issued under the deferred compensation plans | ​ | 93 | ​ | $ | 85.33

​

During the first three months of 2023, we repurchased approximately 450,597 shares of our common stock at an average share price of $78.27.

​

J. INVENTORIES

Inventories are stated at the lower of cost or net realizable value. The cost of inventories includes raw materials, direct labor, and manufacturing overhead and is determined using the weighted average cost method. Raw materials consist primarily of unfinished wood products and other materials expected to be manufactured or treated prior to sale, while finished goods represent various manufactured and treated wood products ready for sale.

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We write down the value of inventory, the impact of which is reflected in cost of goods sold in the Condensed Consolidated Statement of Earnings and Comprehensive Income, if the cost of specific inventory items on hand exceeds the amount we expect to realize from the ultimate sale or disposal of the inventory. These estimates are based on management's judgment regarding future demand and market conditions and analysis of historical experience. There was no lower of cost or net realizable value adjustment to inventory as of March 30, 2024 and a $0.7 million adjustment as of April 1, 2023.

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K. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

Subsequent to our reporting date, we repurchased 351,294 shares for $40.2 million, at an average share price of $114.15.

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MANAGEMENT’S DISCUSSION AND ANALYSIS OF

FINANCIAL CONDITION AND RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

UFP Industries, Inc. is a holding company with subsidiaries in North America, Europe, Asia, and Australia that design, manufacture, and supply products made from wood, wood and non-wood composites, and other materials to three segments: retail, packaging, and construction. Our business segments are functionally interdependent and are supported by common corporate services, such as accounting and finance, information technology, human resources, marketing, purchasing, transportation, legal and compliance, among others. We regularly invest in automation and implement best practices to improve the efficiency of our manufacturing facilities across each of the segments. The results and improvements from these investments are shared among the segments. This exchange of ideas drives faster innovation for new products, processes, and product improvements. While the majority of our facilities serve only one business segment, many of our larger facilities serve two or more segments.

We believe that our operating structure allows us to better evaluate market conditions and opportunities and more effectively allocate capital and resources to the appropriate segments and business units. Also, we believe our diversification and manner in which we operate our business provide an inherent hedge against the business cycles our end markets experience and over which we have limited control. Accordingly, we have the ability to provide more stable earnings and cash flows to our shareholders. Our diversification and operating practices also mitigate the impact that more volatile lumber market conditions have on traditional lumber companies. We are headquartered in Grand Rapids, Mich. For more information about UFP Industries, Inc., or its affiliated operations, go to www.ufpi.com.

This report contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act, as amended, that are based on management’s beliefs, assumptions, current expectations, estimates and projections about the markets we serve, the economy and the Company itself. Words like “anticipates,” “believes,” “confident,” “estimates,” “expects,” “forecasts,” “likely,” “plans,” “projects,” “should,” variations of such words, and similar expressions identify such forward-looking statements. These statements do not guarantee future performance and involve certain risks, uncertainties and assumptions that are difficult to predict with regard to timing, extent, likelihood and degree of occurrence. We do not undertake to update forward-looking statements to reflect facts, circumstances, events, or assumptions that occur after the date the forward-looking statements are made. Actual results could differ materially from those included in such forward-looking statements. Investors are cautioned that all forward-looking statements involve risks and uncertainty. Among the factors that could cause actual results to differ materially from forward-looking statements are the following: fluctuations in currency and inflation; fluctuations in the price of lumber; adverse economic conditions in the markets we serve; concentration of sales to customers; vertical integration strategies; excess capacity or supply chain challenges; our ability to make successful business acquisitions; government regulations, particularly involving environmental and safety regulations; adverse or unusual weather conditions; inbound and outbound transportation costs; alternatives to replace treated wood products; cybersecurity breaches; tariffs on import and export sales; and potential pandemics. Certain of these risk factors as well as other risk factors and additional information are included in our reports on Form 10-K and 10-Q on file with the Securities and Exchange Commission. We are pleased to present this overview of the first quarter of 2024.

OVERVIEW

Our results for the first quarter of 2024 include the following highlights:

| ● | Our net sales decreased 10% compared to the first quarter of 2023, which was comprised of a 9% decrease in selling prices and a 1% decrease in organic unit sales. The overall decrease in our selling prices is primarily due to lower lumber prices and a more competitive pricing environment in certain of our business units. Organic unit declines consisted of 8% in our retail segment and 6% in our packaging segment, offset by an 8% increase in our construction segment.

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| ● | Our gross profits decreased by $32 million, or 9.0%, compared to the same period of the prior year. By segment, gross profits decreased by $35 million in Packaging and $7 million in Construction, while Retail experienced a $6 million increase in gross profits. The overall decrease in our gross profits is primarily due to the decline in unit sales and resulting unfavorable cost variances as a result of fixed manufacturing costs and more competitive pricing in certain business units.

| ● | Our operating profits decreased $28 million, or 17.2%, compared to the first quarter of 2023. The overall decrease is a result of the decline in gross profits mentioned above offset by a decrease in selling, general, and administrative (“SG&A”) expenses. Our SG&A declined primarily due to our incentive compensation plans which are tied to profitability and return on investment. Our decremental operating margin was 15.2%, which is calculated by dividing our decrease in operating profits by our decrease in net sales. In other words, for every dollar decrease in sales from the first quarter of 2023 to the first quarter of 2024, our operating profits decreased 15.2 cents. The decremental operating margin provides investors additional visibility into expected operating profits during periods of declining sales. In a declining business cycle, the Company’s management uses this metric to evaluate a change in its profitability resulting from a reduction in sales volume while considering the impact of product pricing changes, changes in product sales mix, its ratio of variable and fixed costs, and anticipated cost saving measures, among other factors.

| ● | Our cash flows used in operations was $17 million in the first three months of 2024 compared to $37 million during the first three months of 2023. The $20 million improvement is primarily due to an improvement in net working capital. Lower volumes and lumber prices contributed to the reduction in working capital requirements during the first three months of 2024 compared to the same period in 2023.

| ● | Our Cash and cash equivalents at the end of March 2024 was $980 million compared to $423 million at the end of March 2023. Our unused borrowing capacity under revolving credit facilities and a shelf agreement with certain lenders along with our cash resulted in total liquidity of approximately $2.2 billion at the end of the first quarter of 2024.

HISTORICAL LUMBER PRICES

We experience significant fluctuations in the cost of commodity lumber products from primary producers (“Lumber Market”). The following table presents the Random Lengths framing lumber composite price:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Random Lengths Composite |
​ | ​ | Average $/MBF |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
January | ​ | $ | 398 | ​ | $ | 386 | ​
February | ​ |  | 389 | ​ |  | 437 | ​
March | ​ |  | 416 | ​ |  | 411 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
First quarter average | ​ | $ | 401 | ​ | $ | 411 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
First quarter percentage change | ​ |  | (2.4) | % |  | ​ | ​

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In addition, a Southern Yellow Pine (“SYP”) composite price, which we prepare and use, is presented below. Our purchases of this species comprise almost two-thirds of our total lumber purchases.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Southern Yellow Pine |
​ | ​ | Average $/MBF |
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023 |
January | ​ | $ | 380 | ​ | $ | 406 | ​
February | ​ |  | 371 | ​ |  | 452 | ​
March | ​ |  | 394 | ​ |  | 464 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
First quarter average | ​ | $ | 382 | ​ | $ | 441 | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
First quarter percentage change | ​ | ​ | (13.4) | % | ​ | ​ | ​

​

Lower overall lumber prices in 2024 compared to 2023 is primarily due to increased supply of SYP lumber in the U.S. while end market demand has remained soft. A change in lumber prices impacts profitability of products sold with fixed and variable prices, as discussed below.

IMPACT OF THE LUMBER MARKET ON OUR OPERATING RESULTS

We generally price our products to pass lumber costs through to our customers so that our profitability is based on the value-added manufacturing, distribution, engineering, and other services we provide. As a result, our dollar sales levels (and working capital requirements) are impacted by the lumber costs of our products. Lumber costs were 39.8% and 40.3% of our sales in the first three months of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

Our gross margins are impacted by (1) the relative level of the Lumber Market (i.e. whether prices are higher or lower from comparative periods), and (2) the trend in the market price of lumber (i.e. whether the price of lumber is increasing or decreasing within a period or from period to period). Additionally, as explained below, product categories can be priced differently. Some of our products have fixed selling prices, while the selling prices of other products are indexed to the reported Lumber Market with a fixed dollar adder to cover conversion costs and profits. Consequently, the level and trend of the Lumber Market impact our products differently.

Below is a general description of the primary ways in which our products are priced.

| ● | Products with fixed selling prices. These products include value-added products, such as manufactured items, sold within all segments. Prices for these products are generally fixed at the time of the sales quotation for a specified period of time. In order to reduce any exposure to adverse trends in the price of component lumber products, we attempt to lock in costs with our suppliers or purchase necessary inventory for these sales commitments. The time period limitation eventually allows us to periodically re-price our products for changes in lumber costs from our suppliers.

| ● | Products with selling prices indexed to the reported Lumber Market with a fixed dollar “adder” to cover conversion costs and profit. These products primarily include treated lumber, panel goods, other commodity-type items, and trusses sold to the manufactured housing industry. For these products, we estimate customers’ needs and carry appropriate levels of inventory. Because lumber costs are incurred in advance of final sale prices, subsequent increases or decreases in the market price of lumber impact our gross margins. We believe our sales of these products are at their highest relative level in our second quarter, primarily due to pressure-treated lumber sold in our retail segment.

For each of the product pricing categories above, our margins are exposed to changes in the trend of lumber prices. As a result of the balance in our net sales to each of our end markets, we believe our gross profits are more stable than those of our competitors who are less diversified.

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The greatest risk associated with changes in the trend of lumber prices is on the following products:

| ● | Products with significant inventory levels with low turnover rates, whose selling prices are indexed to the Lumber Market. In other words, the longer the period of time these products remain in inventory, the greater the exposure to changes in the price of lumber. This includes treated lumber, which comprised approximately 21% of our total net sales in the first three months of 2024. This exposure is less significant with remanufactured lumber, panel goods, other commodity-type items, and trusses sold to the manufactured housing market due to the higher rate of inventory turnover. We attempt to mitigate the risk associated with treated lumber through managed inventory programs with our vendors. We estimate that 17% of our total purchases for the first three months of 2024 were transacted under these programs. (Please refer to the “Risk Factors” section of our annual report on form 10-K, filed with the United States Securities and Exchange Commission.)

| ● | Products with fixed selling prices sold under long-term supply arrangements, particularly those involving multi-family construction projects. We attempt to mitigate this risk through our purchasing practices and longer vendor commitments.

In addition to the impact of Lumber Market trends on gross margins, changes in the level of the market cause fluctuations in gross margins when comparing operating results from period to period. This is explained in the following example, which assumes the price of lumber has increased from period one to period two, with no changes in the trend within each period.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ |  | Period 1 | ​ | Period 2 |
Lumber cost | ​ | $ | 300 | ​ | $ | 400 | ​
Conversion cost | ​ |  | 50 | ​ |  | 50 | ​
= Product cost | ​ |  | 350 | ​ |  | 450 | ​
Adder | ​ |  | 50 | ​ |  | 50 | ​
= Sell price | ​ | $ | 400 | ​ | $ | 500 | ​
Gross margin | ​ |  | 12.5 | % |  | 10.0 | %

​

As is apparent from the preceding example, the level of lumber prices does not impact our overall profits but does impact our margins. Gross margins and operating margins are negatively impacted during periods of high lumber prices; conversely, we experience margin improvement when lumber prices are relatively low.

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BUSINESS COMBINATIONS AND ASSET PURCHASES

We completed one business acquisition in fiscal 2023. The annual historical sales attributable to this acquisition is approximately $38 million. This business combination was not significant to our quarterly results individually or in aggregate and thus pro forma results for 2024 and 2023 are not presented.

See Notes to the Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements, Note F, “Business Combinations” for additional information.

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RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, the components of our Unaudited Condensed Consolidated Statements of Earnings as a percentage of net sales.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended
​ | March 30, |  | April 1, |
​ | 2024 |  | 2023 |
Net sales | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | 80.1 |  | 80.3 |
Gross profit | 19.9 |  | 19.7 |
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | 11.7 |  | 10.7 |
Other losses (gains), net | — |  | 0.1 |
Earnings from operations | 8.2 |  | 8.9 |
Other (income) expense, net | (0.8) |  | (0.2) |
Earnings before income taxes | 8.9 |  | 9.0 |
Income taxes | 1.6 |  | 2.1 |
Net earnings | 7.4 |  | 6.9 |
Less net earnings attributable to noncontrolling interest | — |  | — |
Net earnings attributable to controlling interest | 7.4 | % | 6.9 | %

Note: Actual percentages are calculated and may not sum to total due to rounding.

As a result of the impact of the level of lumber prices on the percentages displayed in the table above (see Impact of the Lumber Market on Our Operating Results), we believe it is useful to compare our change in units sold with our change in gross profits, selling, general, and administrative expenses, and operating profits as presented in the following table.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Percentage Change
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended
​ |  | March 30, | ​ | April 1,
​ |  | 2024 |  | 2023
Units sold |  | (1.0) | % | ​ | (7.0) | %
Gross profit | ​ | (9.0) | ​ | ​ | (25.1) | ​
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | ​ | (1.3) | ​ | ​ | (11.6) | ​
Earnings from operations | ​ | (17.2) | ​ | ​ | (37.6) | ​

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, our selling, general, and administrative (SG&A) costs as a percentage of gross profit. We believe this ratio provides an enhanced view of our effectiveness in managing these costs given our strategies to enhance our capabilities and improve our value-added product offering and recognizing the higher relative level of SG&A these strategies require. This ratio also mitigates the impact of changing lumber prices.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ |  | March 30, | ​ |  | April 1, | ​
​ |  | 2024 | ​ |  | 2023 | ​
Gross profit | $ | 326,078 | ​ | $ | 358,329 | ​
Selling, general, and administrative expenses | $ | 192,059 | ​ | $ | 194,683 | ​
SG&A as percentage of gross profit |  | 58.9% | ​ |  | 54.3% | ​

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Operating Results by Segment:

Our business segments consist of UFP Retail Solutions (“Retail”), UFP Packaging (“Packaging”) and UFP Construction (“Construction”), and align with the end markets we serve. Among other advantages, this structure allows for a more specialized and consistent sales approach, more efficient use of resources and capital, and quicker introduction of new products and services. We manage the operations of our individual locations primarily through a market-centered reporting structure under which each location is included in a business unit, and business units are included in our Retail, Packaging, and Construction segments. The exception to this market-centered reporting and management structure is our International segment, which comprises our packaging operations in Mexico, Canada, Spain, India, and Australia and sales and buying offices in other parts of the world. Our International segment and Ardellis (our insurance captive) are included in the “All Other” column of the table below. The “Corporate” column includes purchasing, transportation, corporate ventures, and administrative functions that serve our operating segments. Operating results of Corporate primarily consists of over (under) allocated costs. The operating results of UFP Real Estate, Inc., which owns and leases real estate, and UFP Transportation Ltd., which owns, leases, and operates transportation equipment, are also included in the Corporate column. Inter-company lease and services charges are assessed to our operating segments for the use of these assets and services at fair market value rates.

The following tables present our operating results, for the periods indicated, by segment (in thousands).

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 30, 2024
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Retail | ​ | Packaging | ​ | Construction | ​ | All Other | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Total
Net sales | ​ | $ | 628,765 | ​ | ​ | 424,418 | ​ | ​ | 517,896 | ​ | ​ | 66,947 | ​ | ​ | 940 | ​ | $ | 1,638,966
Cost of goods sold | ​ |  | 527,641 | ​ |  | 338,978 | ​ |  | 403,561 | ​ |  | 49,002 | ​ | ​ | (6,294) | ​ | ​ | 1,312,888
Gross profit | ​ | ​ | 101,124 | ​ | ​ | 85,440 | ​ | ​ | 114,335 | ​ | ​ | 17,945 | ​ | ​ | 7,234 | ​ | ​ | 326,078
Selling, general, administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | 55,610 | ​ | ​ | 53,941 | ​ | ​ | 69,150 | ​ | ​ | 13,391 | ​ | ​ | (33) | ​ | ​ | 192,059
Other | ​ |  | (466) | ​ | ​ | 253 | ​ | ​ | (157) | ​ | ​ | 681 | ​ | ​ | (115) | ​ | ​ | 196
Earnings from operations | ​ | $ | 45,980 | ​ | $ | 31,246 | ​ | $ | 45,342 | ​ | $ | 3,873 | ​ | $ | 7,382 | ​ | $ | 133,823

​

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended April 1, 2023
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |  | ​
​ | ​ | Retail | ​ | Packaging | ​ | Construction | ​ | All Other | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Total
Net sales | ​ | $ | 761,294 |  | $ | 486,561 | ​ | $ | 515,593 | ​ | $ | 55,795 | ​ | $ | 3,233 | ​ | $ | 1,822,476
Cost of goods sold | ​ |  | 665,990 | ​ |  | 365,663 | ​ |  | 393,934 | ​ |  | 37,025 | ​ | ​ | 1,535 | ​ | ​ | 1,464,147
Gross profit | ​ | ​ | 95,304 | ​ | ​ | 120,898 | ​ | ​ | 121,659 | ​ | ​ | 18,770 | ​ | ​ | 1,698 | ​ | ​ | 358,329
Selling, general, administrative expenses | ​ | ​ | 53,913 | ​ | ​ | 66,252 | ​ | ​ | 67,338 | ​ | ​ | 12,964 | ​ | ​ | (5,784) | ​ | ​ | 194,683
Other | ​ |  | 1,133 | ​ | ​ | (86) | ​ | ​ | 73 | ​ | ​ | 974 | ​ | ​ | (156) | ​ | ​ | 1,938
Earnings from operations | ​ | $ | 40,258 | ​ | $ | 54,732 | ​ | $ | 54,248 | ​ | $ | 4,832 | ​ | $ | 7,638 | ​ | $ | 161,708

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The following tables present the components of our operating results, for the periods indicated, as a percentage of net sales by segment.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 30, 2024 | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Retail | ​ | Packaging | ​ | Construction | ​ | All Other | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Total | ​
Net sales | ​ | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | N/A | ​ | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | ​ | 83.9 | ​ | 79.9 | ​ | 77.9 | ​ | 73.2 | ​ | — | ​ | 80.1 | ​
Gross profit | ​ | 16.1 | ​ | 20.1 | ​ | 22.1 | ​ | 26.8 | ​ | — | ​ | 19.9 | ​
Selling, general, administrative expenses | ​ | 8.8 | ​ | 12.7 | ​ | 13.4 | ​ | 20.0 | ​ | — | ​ | 11.7 | ​
Other | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1.0 | ​ | — | ​ | 0.0 | ​
Earnings from operations | ​ | 7.3 | % | 7.4 | % | 8.8 | % | 5.8 | % | — | ​ | 8.2 | %

Note: Actual percentages are calculated and may not sum to total due to rounding.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended April 1, 2023 | ​
​ |  | ​ |  | ​ |  | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ |
​ | ​ | Retail | ​ | Packaging | ​ | Construction | ​ | All Other | ​ | Corporate | ​ | Total | ​
Net sales | ​ | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | N/A | ​ | 100.0 | %
Cost of goods sold | ​ | 87.5 | ​ | 75.2 | ​ | 76.4 | ​ | 66.4 | ​ | — | ​ | 80.3 | ​
Gross profit | ​ | 12.5 | ​ | 24.8 | ​ | 23.6 | ​ | 33.6 | ​ | — | ​ | 19.7 | ​
Selling, general, administrative expenses | ​ | 7.1 | ​ | 13.6 | ​ | 13.1 | ​ | 23.2 | ​ | — | ​ | 10.7 | ​
Other | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | — | ​ | 1.7 | ​ | — | ​ | 0.1 | ​
Earnings from operations | ​ | 5.3 | % | 11.2 | % | 10.5 | % | 8.7 | % | — | ​ | 8.9 | %

Note: Actual percentages are calculated and may not sum to total due to rounding.

​

NET SALES

We design, manufacture and market wood and wood-alternative products, primarily used to enhance outdoor living environments; for national home centers and other retailers; for engineered wood components, structural lumber, and other products for factory-built and site-built residential and commercial construction; customized interior fixtures used in a variety of retail stores, commercial, and other structures; and structural wood packaging, components and packing materials for various industries. Our strategic long-term sales objectives include:

● | Maximizing unit sales growth while achieving return on investment goals. The following table presents estimates, for the periods indicated, of our percentage change in net sales attributable to changes in overall selling prices versus changes in units shipped.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | % Change
​ |  | in Sales |  | in Selling Prices |  | in Units |  | Acquisition Unit Change |  | Organic Unit Change |
First quarter 2024 versus first quarter 2023 | ​ | (10.1) | % | (9.1) | % | (1.0) | % | 12.0 | % | (13.0) | %

● | Expanding geographically in our core businesses, domestically and internationally.

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● | Increasing our sales of “value-added” products and enhancing our product offering with new or improved products. Value-added products generally consist of fencing, decking, lattice, and other specialty products sold in the Retail segment; structural and protective packaging and machine-built pallets sold in the Packaging segment; engineered wood components, customized interior fixtures, manufactured and assembled concrete forms sold in the Construction segment; and “wood alternative” products. Engineered wood components include roof trusses, wall panels, and floor systems. Wood alternative products consist of products manufactured with wood and non-wood composites, metals and plastics sold in each of our segments. Although we consider the treatment of dimensional lumber and panels with certain chemical preservatives a value-added process, treated lumber is not presently included in the value-added sales totals. Remanufactured lumber and panels that are components of finished goods are also generally categorized as “commodity-based” products. We estimate that approximately 81% of our sales consist of products we manufacture at our locations, while 19% of our sales consist of products manufactured by suppliers that we inventory and distribute to customers.

The following table presents, for the periods indicated, our percentage of value-added and commodity-based sales to total sales by our segments:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended March 30, 2024 | ​ | Three Months Ended April 1, 2023 | ​
​ |  | Value-Added |  | Commodity-Based | ​ | Value-Added |  | Commodity-Based |
Retail |  | 52.0 | % | ​ | 48.0 | % | ​ | 50.9 | % | ​ | 49.1 | % | ​
Packaging | ​ | 75.7 | % | ​ | 24.3 | % | ​ | 77.0 | % | ​ | 23.0 | % | ​
Construction | ​ | 82.1 | % | ​ | 17.9 | % | ​ | 83.3 | % | ​ | 16.7 | % | ​
All Other | ​ | 77.7 | % | ​ | 22.3 | % | ​ | 73.1 | % | ​ | 26.9 | % | ​
Corporate | ​ | 82.9 | % | ​ | 17.1 | % | ​ | 61.6 | % | ​ | 38.4 | % | ​
Total Sales | ​ | 68.5 | % | ​ | 31.5 | % | ​ | 67.5 | % | ​ | 32.5 | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Note: Certain prior year product reclassifications and the change in designation of certain products as "value-added" resulted in a change in prior year's sales.

​

Our overall unit sales of value-added products increased approximately 2% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 2023. Our overall unit sales of commodity-based products decreased approximately 6% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period last year.

​

● | Developing new products. We define new products as those that will generate sales of at least $1 million per year within 4 years of launch and are still growing and gaining market penetration and meet our internal definition of value-added products. New product sales in the first quarter of 2024 decreased 9% primarily due to a decline in unit sales in our structural packaging business unit. Approximately $46.9 million of new product sales for the first three months of 2023, while still sold, were sunset in 2024 and excluded from the table below because they no longer meet the definition above. Our goal is to achieve annual new product sales of at least $510 million in 2024.

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The table below presents new product sales in thousands:

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | New Product Sales by Segment | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​ | ​
​ |  | March 30, | ​ | % of Segment |  | April 1, | ​ | % of Segment |  | % Change | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | Net Sales | ​ | 2023 | ​ | Net Sales | ​ | in Sales | ​
Retail | ​ | $ | 54,068 | ​ | 8.6 | % | ​ | $ | 51,672 | ​ | 6.8 | % |  | 4.6 | % | ​
Packaging | ​ |  | 48,158 | ​ | 11.3 | % | ​ | ​ | 65,268 | ​ | 13.4 | % |  | (26.2) | % | ​
Construction | ​ | ​ | 21,162 | ​ | 4.1 | % | ​ | ​ | 18,640 | ​ | 3.6 | % | ​ | 13.5 | % | ​
All Other and Corporate | ​ |  | 659 | ​ | 1.0 | % | ​ | ​ | 39 | ​ | 0.1 | % |  | 1,589.7 | % | ​
Total New Product Sales | ​ |  | 124,047 | ​ | 7.6 | % | ​ | ​ | 135,619 | ​ | 7.4 | % |  | (8.5) | % | ​
​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Note: Certain prior year product reclassifications and the change in designation of certain products as "new" resulted in a change in prior year's sales.

Retail Segment

Net sales in the first quarter of 2024 decreased by 17% compared to the same period of 2023 due to a 6% decline in selling prices, a 3% decrease due to the transfer of certain sales to the Construction and Packaging segments, and an 8% decline in organic units. Organic unit changes within this segment consisted of decreases of 2% in Deckorators, 2% in UFP Edge, and 9% in ProWood. Our selling prices of variable-priced products declined due to lower lumber prices. The selling prices of these products are indexed to the lumber market at the time they are shipped. Additionally, our unit sales to big box customers, which we believe are more closely correlated with repair and remodel activity, decreased approximately 9%, while unit sales to independent retailers, which we believe are more closely correlated to new housing starts, decreased approximately 7%.Within our Deckorators business unit, our sales of wood-plastic composite decking, mineral-based-composite decking (sold under our new Surestone tradename) and railing systems increased 10%.

​

Gross profits increased by $5.8 million, or 6.1% to $101.1 million for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period last year. The increase in gross profit was attributable to the following:

| ● | The gross profit of our ProWood business unit increased by $6.6 million, in spite of the transfer of certain sales to the Construction and Packaging segments. The products sold by this business unit consist primarily of pressure treated lumber sold at a variable price indexed to the lumber market at the time they are shipped. The improvement in profitability is primarily due to better inventory management, SKU rationalization, and various operational improvements.

| ● | The gross profit of our Deckorators business unit increased by $1.8 million due to operational improvements.

| ● | The gross profit of our UFP Edge business unit increased by $1.1 million, in spite of the transfer of certain sales to the Construction segment. The improvement in profitability is primarily due to operational improvements.

SG&A increased by approximately $1.7 million, or 3.1%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Accrued bonus expense, which varies with the overall profitability of the segment and return on investment, increased approximately $2.6 million from the first quarter of 2023 and totaled approximately $14.0 million for the quarter. This increase was partially offset by several small decreases in several accounts.

​

Earnings from operations for the Retail reportable segment increased in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 by $5.7 million, or 14.2%, as a result of the factors mentioned above.

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Packaging Segment

Net sales in the first quarter of 2024 decreased 13% compared to the same period of 2023, due to an 11% decrease in selling prices, a 4% increase due to the transfer of sales from the Retail segment, and a 6% decrease in organic unit sales. Organic unit changes consisted of decreases of 11% in structural packaging and 14% in protective packaging, primarily due to a decline in demand from existing customers. These declines were partially offset by 9% organic unit growth in PalletOne, which sells machine-built pallets, due to market share gains. The decline in prices is due to competitive price pressure as well as lower lumber costs.

​

Gross profits decreased by $35.5 million, or 29.3%, for the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period last year. The decrease in gross profit was attributable to the following:

​

| ● | The gross profit of our structural packaging business unit decreased by a total of $25.5 million, in spite of the transfer of certain sales from the Retail segment. The decline in gross profit is attributable to competitive price pressure due to lower demand as well as lower unit sales and resulting unfavorable cost variances due to fixed manufacturing costs.

| ● | The gross profit of our PalletOne business unit decreased by $9.2 million primarily due to competitive price pressure which more than offset profit from unit sales growth.

| ● | The gross profit of our protective packaging business unit decreased by $0.8 million due to a decline in unit sales.

​

SG&A decreased by approximately $12.3 million, or 18.6%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. Accrued bonus expense, which varies with the overall profitability of the segment and return on investment, decreased approximately $5.1 million relative to the first quarter of 2023, and totaled $10.7 million for the quarter. The remaining decrease was primarily due to decreases in earnout compensation expense of $3.7 million, sales incentive compensation of $2.3 million, and professional fees of $1.4 million.

​

Earnings from operations for the Packaging reportable segment decreased in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 by $23.5 million, or 42.9%, due to the factors discussed above.

​

Construction Segment

Net sales in the first quarter of 2024 were flat compared to the same period of 2023 and consisted of a 10% decrease in selling prices, a 2% increase due to the transfer of certain sales from the Retail segment, and an organic unit increase of 8%. Organic unit changes within this segment consist of increases of 13% in factory-built housing, primarily due to an increase in industry production, and 18% in site-built construction, primarily due to a combination of increased housing starts, capacity expansion, growth of our light gauge metal component plants and aluminum balcony products. These increases were partially offset by organic unit declines of 13% in concrete forming and 15% in commercial construction. The organic unit decline in commercial construction is primarily due to a decline in market demand. As of March 30, 2024 and April 1, 2023, we estimate that our backlog of orders in our site-built construction business unit were $79 million and $91 million, respectively. The decline in pricing was primarily due to competitive price pressure.

​

Gross profits decreased by $7.3 million, or 6.0%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. The decrease in our gross profit was comprised of the following:

| ● | The gross profit in our factory-built housing increased by $2.3 million as a result of increased unit sales and the transfer of sales from the Retail segment.

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| ● | The gross profit of our site-built construction business unit decreased by $3.4 million primarily due to competitive price pressure and a decline in margins on multi-family construction projects. This decrease was partially offset by an increase in gross profit at our light gauge metal facility.

| ● | The gross profit of our concrete forming business unit decreased by $2.7 million due to lower unit sales and a decline in selling prices in spite of the transfer of sales from the Retail segment.

| ● | The gross profit of our commercial construction business unit decreased $1.7 million as a result of lower unit sales.

SG&A increased by approximately $1.8 million, or 2.7%, in the first quarter of 2024 compared to the same period of 2023. The increase was due to increases in professional fees of $1.7 million and wages and benefits of $1.3 million. These increases were partially offset by a decrease in sales incentive compensation of $1.1 million and a decrease of $0.5 million in accrued bonus expense, which totaled $14.2 million for the quarter.

Earnings from operations for the Construction reportable segment decreased in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 2023 by $8.9 million, or 16.4%, due to the factors mentioned above.

​

All Other Segment

​

Our All Other reportable segment consists of our International and Ardellis (our insurance captive) segments that are not significant.

​

Corporate

The corporate segment consists of over (under) allocated costs that are not significant.

INCOME TAXES

Effective tax rates differ from statutory federal income tax rates, primarily due to provisions for foreign, state and local income taxes and permanent tax differences. Our effective tax rate was 17.4% in the first quarter of 2024 compared to 23.7% in the same period of 2023. The decrease in our overall effective tax rate was primarily due to an increase in our tax deduction from stock-based compensation accounted for as a permanent difference.

OFF-BALANCE SHEET TRANSACTIONS

We have no significant off-balance sheet transactions.

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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

The table below presents, for the periods indicated, a summary of our cash flow statement (in thousands):

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended
​ |  | March 30, |  | April 1,
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023
Cash used in operating activities | ​ | $ | (16,798) | ​ | $ | (37,076)
Cash used in investing activities | ​ |  | (56,062) | ​ |  | (41,858)
Cash used in financing activities | ​ |  | (68,968) | ​ |  | (59,368)
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash | ​ |  | 79 | ​ |  | 2,739
Net change in all cash and cash equivalents | ​ |  | (141,749) | ​ |  | (135,563)
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, beginning of period | ​ |  | 1,122,256 | ​ |  | 559,623
Cash, cash equivalents, and restricted cash, end of period | ​ | $ | 980,507 | ​ | $ | 424,060

In general, we fund our growth through a combination of operating cash flows, our revolving credit facility, and issuance of long-term notes payable at times when interest rates are favorable. We have not issued equity to finance growth except in the case of a large acquisition that occurred many years ago. We manage our capital structure by attempting to maintain a targeted ratio of debt to equity and debt to earnings before interest, taxes, depreciation and amortization. We believe this is one of many important factors to maintaining a strong credit profile, which in turn helps ensure timely access to capital when needed.

Seasonality has a significant impact on our working capital due to our primary selling season which occurs during the period from March to September. Consequently, our working capital typically increases during our first and second quarters resulting in negative or modest cash flows from operations during those periods. Conversely, we tend to experience a substantial decrease in working capital once we move beyond our peak selling season which typically results in significant cash flows from operations in our third and fourth quarters.

Due to the seasonality of our business and the effects of the Lumber Market, we believe our cash cycle (days of sales outstanding plus days supply of inventory less days of payables outstanding) is a good indicator of our working capital management. As indicated in the table below, our cash cycle decreased to 62 days from 71 days during the first quarter of 2024 compared to the prior year period.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
​ | ​ | Three Months Ended | ​
​ | ​ | March 30, | ​ | April 1, | ​
​ | ​ | 2024 | ​ | 2023 | ​
Days of sales outstanding |  | ​ | 34 |  | ​ | 36 |
Days supply of inventory | ​ |  | 41 | ​ |  | 48 | ​
Days of payables outstanding | ​ |  | (13) | ​ |  | (13) | ​
Days in cash cycle | ​ |  | 62 | ​ |  | 71 | ​

The decrease in our days supply of inventory for the quarter is in part due to improvements in inventory turns in our Construction segment. These improvements were partially offset by a seasonal increase in inventory in our Retail segment due to carrying higher levels of safety stock. The decrease in our days of sales outstanding for the quarter is primarily due to receiving more timely payments from customers in our Construction segment. We continue to focus on past due account balances with customers, and the percentage of our accounts receivable that are current was 95% and 93% at the end of the first quarter of 2024 and 2023, respectively.

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In the first three months of 2024, our cash flows used in operations were $17 million and were comprised of net earnings of $121 million, $45 million of non-cash expenses, and a $183 million increase in working capital since the end of December 2023. Our cash flows used in operations decreased by $20 million compared to the same period of last year primarily due to a $20 million decrease in our investment in net working capital compared to the prior year period. The decrease in our net working capital was due to lower volumes and lumber prices and an improvement in our working capital management as evidenced by our cash cycle above.

Purchases of property, plant, and equipment of $49 million comprised most of our cash used in investing activities during the first three months of 2024. Outstanding purchase commitments on existing capital projects totaled approximately $89 million on March 30, 2024. Capital spending primarily consists of several projects to expand capacity to manufacture new and value-added products, primarily in our Packaging segment and Site-Built, Deckorators and ProWood business units, achieve efficiencies through automation in all segments, make improvements to a number of facilities, and increase our transportation capacity (tractors, trailers). We intend to fund capital expenditures and purchase commitments through our operating cash flows for the balance of the year.

Cash flows used in financing activities primarily consisted of:

| ● | We repurchased 319,295 shares of our common stock for $36.6 million during the quarter at an average price of $114.74 per share. Of this amount, 154,196 shares were repurchased in order to settle tax withholding obligations of long-term stock incentive plan participants’ awards which vested in February. The shares were purchased at an average price of $115.69 per share, totaling $17.8 million.

| ● | Dividends paid during the first three months of 2024 were $20 million ($0.33 per share).

| ● | Contingent consideration payments of $4 million.

| ● | Distributions to noncontrolling interests of $3 million.

| ● | Debt repayment on behalf of an investee of $6.3 million.

On March 30, 2024, we had $3.5 million outstanding on our $750 million revolving credit facility, and we had approximately $709 million in remaining availability after considering $37 million in outstanding letters of credit. Financial covenants on the unsecured revolving credit facility and unsecured notes include minimum interest tests and a maximum leverage ratio. The agreements also restrict the amount of additional indebtedness we may incur and the amount of assets which may be sold. We were in compliance with all our covenant requirements on March 30, 2024.

At the end of the first quarter of 2024, we have approximately $2.2 billion in total liquidity, consisting of our cash, remaining availability under our revolving credit facility, and a shelf agreement with certain lenders providing up to $535 million in remaining borrowing capacity.

ENVIRONMENTAL CONSIDERATIONS AND REGULATIONS

See Notes to Unaudited Consolidated Condensed Financial Statements, Note E, “Commitments, Contingencies, and Guarantees.”

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

In preparing our consolidated financial statements, we follow accounting principles generally accepted in the United States. These principles require us to make certain estimates and apply judgments that affect our financial position and results of operations. We continually review our accounting policies and financial information disclosures. There have been no material changes in our policies or estimates since December 30, 2023.

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FORWARD OUTLOOK

Our long-term financial goals include:

| ● | Growing our annual unit sales by 7-10%. We anticipate smaller tuck in acquisitions will continue to contribute toward this goal;

| ● | Achieving and sustaining a 12.5% adjusted EBITDA margin by continuing to enhance our capabilities and grow our portfolio and sales of value-added products and by achieving operating improvements;

| ● | Earning an incremental return on new investment over our cost of capital; and

| ● | Maintaining a conservative capital structure.

We believe effectively executing our strategies will allow us to achieve long-term goals in the future. However, demand in the markets we serve has contracted, which will impact our results and vary depending on the severity and duration of this cycle. The following factors should be considered when evaluating our future results:

| ● | Lumber prices, which impact our cost of goods sold and selling prices, have normalized due to additional capacity added by sawmills and demand falling from peak levels. We anticipate lumber prices will remain at lower levels until there is a substantial change in the balance of supply and demand.

| ● | Retail sales accounted for 38% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024. When evaluating future demand for the segment, we analyze data such as the same-store sales growth of national home improvement retailers and forecasts of home remodeling activity. Based on this data, we currently anticipate market demand for our products to be down mid-single digits in 2024.

| ● | Packaging sales accounted for 26% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024. When evaluating future demand, we consider a number of metrics, including the Purchasing Managers Index (PMI), durable goods manufacturing, and U.S. real GDP. We currently believe overall demand for our products in the markets we serve to be down mid-single digits in 2024.

| ● | Construction sales accounted for 32% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024.

| - | The site-built business unit accounted for approximately 14% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024. Approximately one-third of site-built customers are multifamily builders. Independent forecasts of housing starts generally range from slightly up to slightly down in 2024.

| - | The factory-built housing business unit accounted for 12% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024. When evaluating future demand, we analyze data from production and shipments of manufactured housing. The National Association of Home Builders and John Burns Real Estate Consulting forecast the manufactured home shipments in 2024 to be flat to slightly up.

| - | The commercial construction and concrete forming business units accounted for approximately 6% of our net sales for the first three months of 2024. When evaluating future demand, we analyze data from non-residential construction spending. We anticipate overall demand in this business unit to be flat to slightly up for the balance of 2024.

Capital Allocation:

We believe the strength of our cash flow generation and conservative capital structure provide us with sufficient resources to grow our business and also fund returns to our shareholders. We plan to continue to pursue a balanced and return-driven approach to capital allocation across dividends, share buybacks, capital investments and acquisitions. Specifically:

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| ● | On April 24, 2024, our board approved a quarterly cash dividend of $0.33 per share, which represents a 32% increase from the prior year. This dividend will be payable on June 15, 2024, to shareholders of record on June 1, 2024. We continue to consider our payout ratio and yield when determining the appropriate dividend rate and have a long-term objective of increasing our dividend in line with our earnings growth.

| ● | On July 26, 2023, our board authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million worth of shares of outstanding stock through July 31, 2024. For the first three months of 2024, we repurchased 319,295 shares of our common stock at an average share price of $114.74. This share authorization supersedes and replaces our prior share repurchase authorizations. As of March 30, 2024, we had remaining authorization to repurchase up to $137 million through July 31, 2024. From March 31, 2024, through April 30, 2024, we have repurchased 351,924 shares for $40.2 million, at an average share price of $114.15. Our objective is to repurchase our stock at sufficient amounts to offset issuances under our share-based compensation plans. In addition, we will opportunistically buy shares when the price trades at pre-determined levels.

| ● | Our targeted range for capital expenditures for 2024 is $250-$300 million, which will continue to be impacted by extended lead times required for most equipment and rolling stock. Priority continues to be given to projects that enhance the working environments of our plants and take advantage of automation opportunities, expand our transportation capacity, and drive strategies that have strong long-term growth potential for new and value-added products.

| ● | We continue to pursue a healthy pipeline of acquisition opportunities of companies that are a strong strategic fit and enhance our capabilities while providing higher margin, return, and growth potential.

​

Item 3. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk.

We are exposed to market risks related to fluctuations in interest rates on our variable rate debt, which consists of a revolving credit facility and industrial development revenue bonds. We do not currently enter into any material interest rate swaps, futures contracts or options on futures, or other types of derivative financial instruments to mitigate this risk.

For fixed rate debt, changes in interest rates generally affect the fair market value, but not earnings or cash flows. Conversely, for variable rate debt, changes in interest rates generally do not influence fair market value, but do affect future earnings and cash flows. We do not have an obligation to prepay fixed rate debt prior to maturity, and as a result, interest rate risk and changes in fair market value should not have a significant impact on such debt until we are required to refinance it.

We are subject to fluctuations in the price of lumber. We experience significant fluctuations in the cost of commodity lumber products from primary producers (the “Lumber Market”). A variety of factors over which we have no control, including government regulations, transportation, environmental regulations, weather conditions, economic conditions, and natural disasters, impact the cost of lumber products and our selling prices. While we attempt to minimize our risk from severe price fluctuations, substantial, prolonged trends in lumber prices can affect our sales volume, our gross margins, and our profitability. We anticipate that these fluctuations will continue in the future. (See “Impact of the Lumber Market on Our Operating Results.”)

Our international operations have exposure to foreign currency rate risks, primarily due to fluctuations in their local currency, which is their functional currency, compared to the U.S. Dollar. Additionally, certain of our operations enter into transactions that will be settled in a currency other than the U.S. Dollar. We may enter into forward foreign exchange rate contracts in the future to mitigate foreign currency exchange risk. Historically, our hedge contracts have been immaterial to the financial statements.

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Item 4. Controls and Procedures.

| (a) | Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. With the participation of management, our chief executive officer and chief financial officer, after evaluating the effectiveness of our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a – 15e and 15d – 15e) as of the quarter ended March 30, 2024, have concluded that, as of such date, our disclosure controls and procedures were effective.

| (b) | Changes in Internal Controls. During the quarter ended March 30, 2024, there were no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over financial reporting.

​

PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 1A. Risk Factors.

None

​

Item 2. Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds.

| (a) | None.

| (b) | None.

| (c) | Issuer purchases of equity securities.

​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​ | ​
Fiscal Month |  | (1) |  | (2) |  | (3) |  | (4)
December 31, 2023 - February 3, 2024 |  | — | ​ | — |  | — |  | $ | 173,335,471
February 4 - March 2, 2024 |  | 154,196 | ​ | 115.69 |  | 154,196 |  | ​ | 155,497,017
March 3 - 30, 2024 |  | 165,099 | ​ | 113.85 |  | 165,099 |  | ​ | 136,699,725

Note: February consists of 154,196 shares tendered by certain employees of the Company (and repurchased by the Company) in order to satisfy their respective tax withholding obligations resulting from the vesting of restricted stock awards.

(1) | Total number of shares purchased.

(2) | Average price paid per share.

(3) | Total number of shares purchased as part of publicly announced plans or programs.

(4) | Approximate dollar value of shares that may yet be purchased under the plans or programs.

On and effective as of July 26, 2023, our board authorized the repurchase of up to $200 million worth of shares of our common stock through the period ending July 31, 2024, which supersedes and replaces prior authorizations.

​

Item 5. Other Information.

During the quarter ended March 30, 2024, no director or officer adopted or terminated a “Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement” or a “non-Rule 10b5-1 trading arrangement,” as each term is defined in Item 408(a) of Regulation S-K.

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PART II. OTHER INFORMATION

Item 6. Exhibits.

The following exhibits (listed by number corresponding to the Exhibit Table as Item 601 in Regulation S-K) are filed with this report:

​ | ​ | ​
3 | Articles of Incorporation and Bylaws
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (a) | Restated Articles of Incorporation, as amended through April 24, 2024.
​ | ​
31 | Certifications.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (a) | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of UFP Industries, Inc., pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (b) | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of UFP Industries, Inc., pursuant to Section 302 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
​ | ​ | ​
32 | Certifications.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (a) | Certificate of the Chief Executive Officer of UFP Industries, Inc., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (b) | Certificate of the Chief Financial Officer of UFP Industries, Inc., pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (18 U.S.C. 1350).
​ | ​ | ​
101 | Interactive Data File formatted in iXBRL (Inline eXtensible Business Reporting Language).
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (INS) | iXBRL Instance Document.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (SCH) | iXBRL Schema Document.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (CAL) | iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Calculation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (LAB) | iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Label Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (PRE) | iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Presentation Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
​ | (DEF) | iXBRL Taxonomy Extension Definition Linkbase Document.
​ | ​ | ​
104 | Cover Page Interactive Data File (the cover page XBRL tags are embedded in the Inline XBRL document).

​

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SIGNATURES

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned thereunto duly authorized.

​ | UFP INDUSTRIES, INC.
​ | ​ | ​
Date: May 8, 2024 | By: | /s/ Matthew J. Missad
​ | Matthew J. Missad,
​ | Chairman of the Board, Chief Executive Officer and
​ | Principal Executive Officer
​ | ​ | ​
Date: May 8, 2024 | By: | /s/ Michael R. Cole
​ | Michael R. Cole,
​ | Chief Financial Officer,
​ | Principal Financial Officer and
​ | Principal Accounting Officer

​

​

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