1. Description of the Business and Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

For financial statement presentation and reporting purposes, the Company is the successor to Gaylord Entertainment Company, a Delaware corporation (“Gaylord”). As part of the plan to restructure the business operations of Gaylord to facilitate its qualification as a real estate investment trust (“REIT”) for federal income tax purposes, Gaylord merged with and into its wholly-owned subsidiary, Ryman Hospitality Properties, Inc., a Delaware corporation (“Ryman”), on October 1, 2012, with Ryman as the surviving corporation (the “Merger”). At 12:01 a.m. on October 1, 2012, the effective time of the Merger, Ryman succeeded to and began conducting, directly or indirectly, all of the business conducted by Gaylord immediately prior to the Merger. The “Company” refers to Ryman and its subsidiaries and to Gaylord.

On January 1, 2013, the Company began operating as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, specializing in group-oriented, destination hotel assets in urban and resort markets. The Company’s owned assets include a network of upscale, meetings-focused resorts that are managed by Marriott International, Inc. (“Marriott”) under the Gaylord Hotels brand. These resorts, which the Company refers to as the Gaylord Hotels properties, consist of the Gaylord Opryland Resort & Convention Center in Nashville, Tennessee (“Gaylord Opryland”), the Gaylord Palms Resort & Convention Center near Orlando, Florida (“Gaylord Palms”), the Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center near Dallas, Texas (“Gaylord Texan”) and the Gaylord National Resort & Convention Center near Washington D.C. (“Gaylord National”). The Company’s other owned assets managed by Marriott include Gaylord Springs Golf Links (“Gaylord Springs”), the Wildhorse Saloon, the General Jackson Showboat (“General Jackson”), the Inn at Opryland, an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord Opryland, and the AC Hotel at National Harbor, Washington D.C. (“AC Hotel”), an overflow hotel adjacent to Gaylord National that opened in April 2015. The Company also owns and operates a number of media and entertainment assets including the Grand Ole Opry, the legendary weekly showcase of country music’s finest performers; the Ryman Auditorium, the storied live music venue and former home of the Grand Ole Opry located in downtown Nashville; and WSM-AM, the Opry’s radio home.

The Company conducts its business through an umbrella partnership REIT, in which all of its assets are held by, and all of its operations are conducted through, RHP Hotel Properties, LP, a subsidiary operating partnership (the “Operating Partnership”) that the Company formed in connection with its REIT conversion. Ryman is the sole limited partner of the Operating Partnership and currently owns, either directly or indirectly, all of the partnership units of the Operating Partnership. RHP Finance Corporation, a Delaware corporation (“Finco”), was formed as a wholly-owned subsidiary of the Operating Partnership for the sole purpose of being an issuer of debt securities with the Operating Partnership. Neither Ryman nor Finco has any material assets, other than Ryman’s investment in the Operating Partnership and its 100%-owned subsidiaries. As 100%-owned subsidiaries of Ryman, neither the Operating Partnership nor Finco has any business, operations, financial results or other material information, other than the business, operations, financial results and other material information described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and Ryman’s other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission pursuant to the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended.

The Company principally operates, through its subsidiaries and its property managers, as applicable, in the following business segments: Hospitality; Entertainment; and Corporate and Other. The Company’s fiscal year ends on December 31 for all periods presented.

Business Segments

Hospitality

The Hospitality segment includes the Gaylord Hotels branded hotels, the Inn at Opryland and the AC Hotel, as well as the Company’s equity investment in the Gaylord Rockies Resort & Convention Center in Aurora, Colorado (“Gaylord Rockies”). See Note 4 for further discussion of this investment. Each of the Company’s hotels is managed by Marriott pursuant to a management agreement for each hotel, and Gaylord Rockies will be managed by Marriott upon its opening.

Entertainment

The Entertainment segment includes all of the Company’s Nashville-based tourist attractions, as well as the Company’s investment in a joint venture associated with a Times Square restaurant and entertainment venue. At December 31, 2016, these include the Grand Ole Opry, the Ryman Auditorium, the General Jackson, the Wildhorse Saloon, and Gaylord Springs, among others. The Entertainment segment also includes WSM-AM. Marriott manages the day-to-day operations of the General Jackson, Gaylord Springs and the Wildhorse Saloon pursuant to management agreements.

Corporate and Other

The Corporate and Other segment includes operating and general and administrative expenses related to the overall management of the Company which are not allocated to the other reportable segments, including certain costs for the Company’s retirement plans, equity-based compensation plans, information technology, human resources, accounting, and other administrative expenses.

Principles of Consolidation

The accompanying consolidated financial statements include the accounts of the Company and all of its majority-owned subsidiaries. The Company’s investments in non-controlled entities in which it has the ability to exercise significant influence over operating and financial policies are accounted for by the equity method. The Company’s investments in other entities are accounted for using the cost method. All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation.

The Company analyzes its variable interests, including loans, guarantees, management agreements, leasing arrangements and equity investments, to determine if an entity in which it has a variable interest is a variable interest entity (“VIE”). This analysis primarily includes a qualitative review, which is based on a review of the design of the entity, its organizational structure, including decision-making ability, and relevant financial agreements. This analysis is also used to determine if the Company must consolidate the VIE as the primary beneficiary.

The terms of the Company’s investment in the Gaylord Rockies joint venture provide that the Company will have the ability to approve certain major decisions affecting the hotel, including, but not limited to, operating budgets, major capital expenditures, material transactions involving the hotel, and approval of designated hotel senior management. The Company also has a right of first offer to acquire the remainder of the project and designated rights to participate in any sales process with respect to the project after exercise of its first offer rights. However, because the power to direct the activities that most significantly impact the economic performance of the hotel are either shared or are held by some combination of the developers and Marriott, the Company is not the primary beneficiary of this variable interest entity, and thus, accounts for its investment in this joint venture under the equity method of accounting. As such, the Company does not consolidate any part of the assets or liabilities of the joint venture. The Company’s share of equity method net income or loss will increase or decrease, as applicable, the carrying value of its equity method investment.

Acquisitions and Investments

In December 2014, the Company purchased from an affiliate of The Peterson Companies (the developer of the National Harbor, Maryland development in which Gaylord National is located) the AC Hotel, a 192-room hotel previously operated as the Aloft Hotel at National Harbor for a purchase price of $21.8 million. The transaction required that the property be transferred to the Company unencumbered by any existing hotel franchise or management agreements. The Company has rebranded the hotel and Marriott is now operating the property in conjunction with the Gaylord National pursuant to a separate management agreement. The hotel opened in April 2015. Simultaneously with the purchase of this hotel, the Company also acquired from an affiliate of The Peterson Companies a vacant one-half acre parcel of land located in close proximity to Gaylord National, suitable for development of a hotel or other permitted uses. In December 2014, the Company paid $21.2 million of the combined purchase price, including transaction costs, in cash and issued a $6.0 million note payable to an affiliate of The Peterson Companies, which was paid in January 2016 and bore interest at an Applicable Federal Rate as determined by the Internal Revenue Service (“IRS”) and is shown in Note 5.

In March 2016, certain subsidiaries of the Company entered into a series of agreements with respect to an equity investment in Gaylord Rockies. See Note 4 for further discussion of this investment.

Property and Equipment

Property and equipment are stated at cost. Improvements and significant renovations that extend the lives of existing assets are capitalized. Interest on funds borrowed to finance the construction of major capital additions not funded through furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves is included in the cost of the applicable capital addition. Maintenance and repairs are charged to expense as incurred. Property and equipment are generally depreciated using the straight-line method over the following estimated useful lives:


Buildings		40 years
Land improvements		20 years
Furniture, fixtures and equipment		5-8 years
Leasehold improvements		The shorter of the lease term or useful life

Cash and Cash Equivalents — Unrestricted

The Company considers all highly liquid investments purchased with an original maturity of three months or less to be cash equivalents.

Cash and Cash Equivalents — Restricted

Restricted cash and cash equivalents primarily represent funds held by our property managers for furniture, fixtures and equipment reserves. In addition, the Company holds certificates of deposit with an original maturity of greater than three months. The Company is required to maintain these certificates of deposit in order to secure its Tennessee workers’ compensation self-insurance obligations.

For purposes of the statements of cash flows, changes in restricted cash and cash equivalents related to funds for furniture, fixtures and equipment replacement reserves are shown as investing activities.

Supplemental Cash Flow Information

Cash paid for interest for the years ended December 31 was comprised of (amounts in thousands):


	2016			2015			2014
Debt interest paid	$	60,780		$	53,978		$	49,208
Capitalized interest		(1,721	)		(169	)		(52	)

Cash paid for interest, net of capitalized interest	$	59,059		$	53,809		$	49,156

Net cash payments (refunds) of income taxes in 2016, 2015 and 2014 were $1.7 million, $5.2 million and $(0.1) million, respectively.

A portion of the Company’s acquisition of the AC Hotel and a portion of the Company’s sale of all of its rights in a letter of intent to which it was a party with The Peterson Companies are considered noncash transactions as they are evidenced by a note payable and a note receivable, respectively. The AC Hotel transaction is more fully discussed in the “Acquisitions and Investments” section of Note 1, and the sale of the Company’s rights in the letter of intent is more fully discussed in the “Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets” section of Note 1.

Accounts Receivable

The Company’s accounts receivable are primarily generated by meetings and convention attendees’ room nights and food and beverage. Receivables arising from these sales are not collateralized. Credit risk associated with the accounts receivable is minimized due to the large and diverse nature of the customer base.

Allowance for Doubtful Accounts

The Company provides allowances for doubtful accounts based upon a percentage of revenue and periodic evaluations of the aging of accounts receivable.

Prepaid Expenses and Other Assets

Prepaid expenses and other assets at December 31 consist of (amounts in thousands):


	2016		2015
Peterson note receivable	$	—	$	6,785
Prepaid expenses		14,001		15,992
Inventories		8,065		8,051
Deferred software costs		2,796		3,832
Supplemental deferred compensation plan assets		22,204		19,289
Other		8,345		8,430

Total prepaid expenses and other assets	$	55,411	$	62,379

In December 2014, the Company sold to an affiliate of The Peterson Companies (the developer of the National Harbor, Maryland development in which the Gaylord National hotel is located) all of its rights in a letter of intent to which it was a party with The Peterson Companies, which entitled the Company to a portion of such party’s economic interest in the income from the land underlying the new MGM casino project at National Harbor. The Company received $26.1 million over three years in exchange for its contractual rights, which is included in other gains and losses, net in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for 2014. The Company received the first payment in the amount of $9.4 million at closing, a payment of $10.0 million in January 2015, and the remainder of $6.8 million in January 2016.

Prepaid expenses consist of prepayments for property taxes at one of the Company’s hotel properties, insurance and other contracts that will be expensed during the subsequent year. Inventories consist primarily of food and beverage inventory for resale and retail inventory sold in the Entertainment segment. Inventory is carried at the lower of cost or market. Cost is computed on an average cost basis.

The Company capitalizes the costs of computer software developed for internal use. Accordingly, the Company has capitalized the external costs and certain internal payroll costs to develop computer software. Deferred software costs are amortized on a straight-line basis over their estimated useful lives of 3 to 5 years. Amortization expense of deferred software costs during 2016, 2015 and 2014 was $1.7 million, $2.1 million, and $2.3 million, respectively.

Investments

From time to time, the Company has owned minority interest investments in certain businesses. Generally, non-marketable investments (excluding limited partnerships and limited liability company interests) in which the Company owns less than 20 percent are accounted for using the cost method of accounting and investments in which the Company owns between 20 percent and 50 percent and limited partnerships are accounted for using the equity method of accounting.

Accounts Payable and Accrued Liabilities

Accounts payable and accrued liabilities at December 31 consist of (amounts in thousands):


	2016		2015
Trade accounts payable	$	32,315	$	20,913
Property and other taxes payable		34,844		34,921
Deferred revenues		41,080		47,794
Accrued salaries and benefits		20,567		16,826
Accrued self-insurance reserves		761		1,449
Accrued interest payable		8,152		8,153
Other accrued liabilities		25,486		23,327

Total accounts payable and accrued liabilities	$	163,205	$	153,383

Deferred revenues consist primarily of deposits on advance bookings of hotel rooms and advance ticket sales at the Company’s tourism properties, as well as uncollected attrition and cancellation fees. The Company is self-insured up to a stop loss for certain losses relating to workers’ compensation claims and general liability claims through September 30, 2012, and for certain losses related to employee medical benefits through December 31, 2012. The Company’s insurance program has subsequently transitioned to a low or no deductible program. For workers’ compensation and general liability claims incurred prior to October 1, 2012, and for employee medical benefits claimed prior to January 1, 2013, the Company recognizes self-insured losses based upon estimates of the aggregate liability for uninsured claims incurred using certain actuarial assumptions followed in the insurance industry or the Company’s historical experience. Other accrued liabilities include accruals for, among others, purchasing, meeting planner commissions and utilities.

Income Taxes

The Company establishes deferred tax assets and liabilities based on the difference between the financial statement and income tax carrying amounts of assets and liabilities using existing tax laws and tax rates. The Company reports a liability for unrecognized tax benefits resulting from uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken in a tax return. The Company recognizes interest and penalties, if any, related to unrecognized tax benefits in income tax expense. See Note 11 for more detail on the Company’s income taxes.

Deferred Management Rights Proceeds

The Company has deferred and amortizes the proceeds received from Marriott that were allocated to the sale of the management rights, as discussed further in Note 6, on a straight line basis over the 65-year term of the hotel management agreements, including extensions, as a reduction in management fee expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Other Liabilities

Other liabilities at December 31 consist of (amounts in thousands):


	2016		2015
Pension and postretirement benefits liability	$	37,988	$	40,439
Straight-line lease liability		89,959		84,716
Deferred compensation liability		22,204		19,289
Other		885		1,185

Total other liabilities	$	151,036	$	145,629

Deferred Financing Costs

Deferred financing costs consist of loan fees and other costs of financing that are amortized over the term of the related financing agreements, using the effective interest method, and are presented as a reduction of the related debt liability. During 2016, 2015 and 2014, deferred financing costs of $4.9 million, $5.5 million and $6.0 million, respectively, were amortized and recorded as interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

As a result of the refinancing of the Company’s credit facility in 2015, which is discussed in Note 5, the Company wrote off $1.9 million of deferred financing costs during 2015, which is included in interest expense in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

As a result of the Company’s repurchases of a portion of its convertible senior notes outstanding discussed in Note 5, the Company wrote off $0.3 million of deferred financing costs during 2014, which is included as an increase in the net loss on extinguishment of debt in the accompanying consolidated statements of operations.

Revenue Recognition

Revenues from occupied hotel rooms are recognized as earned on the close of business each day and from concessions and food and beverage sales at the time of the sale. Revenues from other services at the Company’s hotels, such as spa, parking, and transportation services, are recognized at the time services are provided. Cancellation fees and attrition fees, which are charged to groups when they do not fulfill the minimum number of room nights or minimum food and beverage spending requirements originally contracted for, are recognized as revenue in the period they are collected. The Company recognizes revenues from the Entertainment segment when services are provided or goods are shipped, as applicable. The Company is required to collect certain taxes from customers on behalf of government agencies and remit these to the applicable governmental entity on a periodic basis. These taxes are collected from customers at the time of purchase, but are not included in revenue. The Company records a liability upon collection from the customer and relieves the liability when payments are remitted to the applicable governmental agency.

Management Fees

The Company pays Marriott a base management fee of approximately 2% of revenues for the properties that Marriott manages, as well as an incentive fee that is based on profitability. The Company incurred $21.4 million, $17.4 million and $19.6 million in base management fees to Marriott during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. The Company incurred $4.8 million, $1.4 million and $0.4 million in incentive fees to Marriott during 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively. Management fees are presented in the consolidated statements of operations net of the amortization of the deferred management rights proceeds discussed further in Note 6.

Leases

The Company is a lessee of a 65.3 acre site in Osceola County, Florida on which the Gaylord Palms is located, a 10.0 acre site in Grapevine, Texas on which a portion of the Gaylord Texan is located, and office space, office equipment, and other equipment. The Company’s leases are discussed further in Note 12.

Advertising Costs

Advertising costs are expensed as incurred and were $36.7 million, $36.7 million, and $33.3 million for 2016, 2015 and 2014, respectively.

Stock-Based Compensation

The Company has stock-based employee compensation plans, which are described more fully in Note 7. The Company accounts for its stock-based compensation plan under the provisions of Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Accounting Standards Codification (“ASC”) 718, “Compensation – Stock Compensation.”

Preopening Costs

The Company expenses the costs associated with start-up activities and organization costs associated with its development or reopening of hotels and significant attractions as incurred. The Company’s preopening costs during 2015 primarily relate to the AC Hotel, which opened in April 2015.

Impairment of Long-Lived and Other Assets

In accounting for the Company’s long-lived and other assets (including its notes receivable associated with the development of Gaylord National), the Company assesses its long-lived assets for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying value of the assets or asset group may not be recoverable. Recoverability of long-lived assets that will continue to be used is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the asset or asset group to the related total future undiscounted net cash flows. If an asset or asset group’s carrying value is not recoverable through those cash flows, the asset group is considered to be impaired. The impairment is measured by the difference between the assets’ carrying amount and their fair value, which is estimated using discounted cash flow analyses that utilize comprehensive cash flow projections, as well as observable market data to the extent available. Recoverability of the notes receivable associated with Gaylord National is measured by comparing the carrying amount of the notes to the fair value of the notes. If the carrying value is greater than the fair value, the Company then assesses if the decline in fair value is other than temporary. If the decline in fair value is deemed to be other than temporary, which is based on the Company’s intent and ability to hold the notes receivable to maturity and whether it expects to receive all debt service payments due under the notes, then the notes receivable are impaired. See Note 13 for further disclosure.

During the fourth quarter of 2015, the Company elected to move forward with an expansion of the guest rooms and convention space at Gaylord Texan. This capital project replaced a previously contemplated expansion that the Company began incurring design costs for during 2007 and had been subsequently put on hold. As the new project is substantially different from the previously contemplated project, the Company incurred an impairment charge of $16.3 million during 2015 to write off the carrying value of the previously contemplated project, which is included in impairment and other charges on the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for 2015.

Income Per Share

Earnings per share is measured as basic earnings per share and diluted earnings per share. Basic earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the year. Diluted earnings per share is computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding after considering the effect of conversion of dilutive instruments, calculated using the treasury stock method. Net income per share amounts are calculated as follows for the years ended December 31 (income and share amounts in thousands):


	2016
	Income		Shares		Per Share
Net income available to common stockholders	$	159,366		51,009	$	3.12
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation		—		303		—

Net income — assuming dilution	$	159,366		51,312	$	3.11


	2015
	Income		Shares		Per Share
Net income available to common stockholders	$	111,511		51,241	$	2.18
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation		—		371		—

Net income — assuming dilution	$	111,511		51,612	$	2.16


	2014
	Income		Shares		Per Share
Net income available to common stockholders	$	121,035		50,861	$	2.38
Effect of dilutive stock-based compensation		—		487		—
Effect of convertible notes		—		4,532		—

Net income — assuming dilution	$	121,035		55,880	$	2.17

As discussed in Note 5, in 2009, the Company issued 3.75% Convertible Senior Notes due 2014 (the “Convertible Notes”). The Company settled the outstanding face value of the Convertible Notes in cash at maturity on October 1, 2014. The conversion spread associated with the conversion of the Convertible Notes was settled in shares of the Company’s common stock. Pursuant to a note hedge, as discussed more fully in Note 5, the Company also received and cancelled an equal number of shares of its common stock at maturity.

In connection with the issuance of the Convertible Notes, the Company sold common stock purchase warrants to counterparties affiliated with the initial purchasers of the Convertible Notes whereby the warrant holders could purchase shares of the Company’s common stock. At separate times during 2014, the Company modified the agreements with each of the note hedge counterparties to cash settle a portion of the warrants as described in Note 5. As a result of these modifications, the warrants were settled in cash during 2014 and the first quarter of 2015 and did not affect the calculation of diluted earnings per share for 2015 or 2014.

In 2014, in connection with the repurchase of portions of the Convertible Notes, the Company entered into agreements with the note hedge counterparties to proportionately reduce the number of Purchased Options (as defined below) and the warrants as described above and in Note 5. Each of these agreements were considered modifications to the Purchased Options and warrants (as applicable), and based on the terms of the agreements, the Company recognized a charge of $5.4 million in 2014, which was recorded as an increase to accumulated deficit and derivative liabilities, as the liabilities were settled in cash, in the accompanying consolidated balance sheet. This charge also represents a deduction from net income in calculating net income available to common stockholders and earnings per share available to common stockholders in the accompanying consolidated statement of operations for 2014.

Accounting Estimates

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the consolidated financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reported period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Newly Issued Accounting Standards

In May 2014, the FASB issued Accounting Standards Update (“ASU”) No. 2014-09, “Revenue from Contracts with Customers,” the core principle of which is that a company will recognize revenue when it transfers promised goods or services to customers in an amount that reflects the consideration to which the company expects to be entitled in exchange for those goods or services. Under this guidance, companies will need to use more judgment and make more estimates than under today’s guidance. These judgments may include identifying performance obligations in the contract, estimating the amount of variable consideration to include in the transaction price and allocating the transaction price to each separate performance obligation. The ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2018, and the Company plans to adopt this standard at that time using the modified retrospective approach. During 2016, the Company formed a project implementation team which formulated a project timeline under which this new standard is being evaluated. To date, the Company has completed a revenue stream scoping process and has begun evaluations as to how the new ASU will impact the amount and timing of the various revenue streams recorded in its financial statements.

In February 2015, the FASB issued ASU No. 2015-02, “Consolidation – Amendments to the Consolidation Guidance,” which changes the way companies evaluate the consolidation of limited partnerships, variable interests and similar entities. The Company adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2016, and this adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In February 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-02, “Leases,” that requires lessees to put most leases on their balance sheet, but recognize expenses on their income statements in a manner similar to previous accounting. The ASU also eliminates the required use of bright-line tests for determining lease classification. The ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2019. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this ASU on its financial statements, and, other than the inclusion of operating leases on the Company’s balance sheet, such effects have not yet been determined. See Note 12 for a further disclosure of the Company’s outstanding leases.

In March 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-09, “Improvements to Employee Share-Based Payment Accounting,” which simplifies several aspects of the accounting for employee share-based payment transactions, including the accounting for income taxes, forfeitures, and statutory tax withholding requirements, as well as classification in the statement of cash flows. The new guidance requires all income tax effects of awards to be recognized in the statement of operations when the awards vest or are settled. This guidance was effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2017, with early adoption permitted. The Company retrospectively adopted this ASU in the first quarter of 2016. As such, the statutory tax withholding requirements have been presented separately on the statement of cash flows for both the current and prior years. This adoption did not have a material impact on the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

In June 2016, the FASB issued ASU No. 2016-13, “Financial Instruments – Credit Losses – Measurement of Credit Losses on Financial Instruments,” which will change how entities will measure credit losses for most financial assets and certain other instruments that are not measured at fair value through net income. The ASU will replace the current “incurred loss” approach with an “expected loss” model for instruments measured at amortized cost. For trade and other receivables, held-to-maturity debt securities, loans and other instruments, entities will be required to use a new forward-looking “expected loss” model that generally will result in the earlier recognition of allowances for losses. The ASU is effective for the Company in the first quarter of 2020. The Company is currently evaluating the effects of this ASU on its financial statements, and such effects have not yet been determined.