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Allowance for Loan Losses - Loan Status and Aging of Past Due TDR Loans (Details) - Student Loan - Consumer Portfolio Segment - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Jun. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment	$ 4,707,396	$ 4,189,955
TDR loans in forbearance	356,956	351,962
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current	10,385,289	9,509,394
Total TDR loans in repayment	10,615,105	9,709,758
Total TDR loans, gross	$ 15,679,457	$ 14,251,675
Loans current (as a percentage)	97.80%	97.90%
Total TDR loans in repayment	100.00%	100.00%
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment	$ 33,693	$ 24,185
TDR loans in forbearance	98,710	71,851
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current	603,215	462,187
Total TDR loans in repayment	671,053	516,570
Total TDR loans, gross	$ 803,456	$ 612,606
Loans current (as a percentage)	89.90%	89.50%
Total TDR loans in repayment	100.00%	100.00%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 132,108	$ 124,773
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	1.30%	1.30%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 35,120	$ 28,452
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	5.20%	5.50%
Loans delinquent 61-90 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 67,371	$ 51,423
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	0.60%	0.50%
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 20,170	$ 17,326
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	3.00%	3.40%
Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 30,337	$ 24,168
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	0.30%	0.30%
Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 12,548	$ 8,605
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	1.90%	1.60%

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