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Allowance for Loan Losses - Loan Status and Aging of Past Due TDR Loans (Details) - Student Loan - Consumer Portfolio Segment - USD ($) $ in Thousands	Sep. 30, 2017	Dec. 31, 2016
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment	$ 5,352,671	$ 4,189,955
TDR loans in forbearance	373,655	351,962
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current	11,115,697	9,509,394
Total TDR loans in repayment	11,406,581	9,709,758
Total TDR loans, gross	$ 17,132,907	$ 14,251,675
Loans current (as a percentage)	97.40%	97.90%
Total TDR loans in repayment	100.00%	100.00%
Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
Accounts, Notes, Loans and Financing Receivable [Line Items]
TDR loans in in-school/grace/deferment	$ 49,287	$ 24,185
TDR loans in forbearance	118,034	71,851
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans current	692,282	462,187
Total TDR loans in repayment	775,240	516,570
Total TDR loans, gross	$ 942,561	$ 612,606
Loans current (as a percentage)	89.30%	89.50%
Total TDR loans in repayment	100.00%	100.00%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 175,897	$ 124,773
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	1.60%	1.30%
Loans delinquent 31-60 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 43,362	$ 28,452
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	5.60%	5.50%
Loans delinquent 61-90 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 82,095	$ 51,423
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	0.70%	0.50%
Loans delinquent 61-90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 25,268	$ 17,326
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	3.30%	3.40%
Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 32,892	$ 24,168
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	0.30%	0.30%
Loans delinquent, greater than 90 days | Troubled Debt Restructured Loans
TDR loans in repayment and percentage of each status:
Loans delinquent	$ 14,328	$ 8,605
Loans delinquent (as a percentage)	1.80%	1.60%

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